الحلقة ٣ — خريطة أمة: القبائل الشركسية من العصور الوسطى حتى ١٨٦٤

الشابسوغ، والأبزاخ، والناتوخاي، والبجدوغ، والتيميرغوي، والأوبيخ، والقبرداي. هذه الحلقة هي الأطلس الكامل للأمة الشركسية: كل قبيلة كبرى، والوادي النهري الذي سكنته، والحكاية الكامنة خلف اسمها. نمرّ على روايات الرحّالة الذين رسموا خرائطها، ومنهم غولدنشتيت وبالاس وكلابروت وبِل، بما في ذلك الأخطاء التي وقعوا فيها ولماذا ما زالت تلك الأخطاء مؤثرة إلى اليوم. نفكّك الانقسام القبرداي الكبير عام 1759 بين قبردا الكبرى والصغرى، وموقع الأوبيخ كجسر بين الأديغة والأبخاز، والقبائل التي حملت العبء الأثقل في السنوات الأخيرة من الحرب مع الإمبراطورية الروسية. إن تساءلت يومًا كيف حملت أمة واحدة كل هذه الأسماء، فهذه هي الخريطة.

Transcript

SPEAKER_00 0:00

Taqaya al Ummatan Gayera Tismaha Binafsiha. Lay Samarratanu wahida, Balmira Nuatakrara Nabra El Fiham. Wafi Kulli Marra, Kadal Muari Huna Yafiduna Haitan Mankanu yathatuna Anhu Aslan.

SPEAKER_04 0:15

Filhalkat il Madiya, Oodna il Fajrit Terih, ittihadul muyut, wa Hamsun wa Ishruna Kabilatam Kadimah, wa karasinatun kena romanu yakshaunahum.

SPEAKER_02 0:26

Watherikat tahawulul mudhilu min narat, ejhibat ilum, ila edih, ej shabil eb, alyaum nanta kilu kurunan ilmam. Min alasuri lustah hatani hayat il-karnit tasya ashar, ħina tahawalat esma un mitluzih wa basih il al-Kushak. Thummal ubih wa ahiron ilis mul leviyari fuhula għalam u Yawum. A-sherkis.

SPEAKER_00 0:54

Hadihi hiya al mauswa t-teri ħihatul il-ummatishar kasija. Sil sila tubaramija mustamiraton Nastari dufiha haderih, halakatan tilwal uhra. Al mabniya tu'ala amali Duktor Muhammad Khair Mamsar Batsej Anna Satanai.

SPEAKER_02 1:13

Wa'ana Aslan Lina K Tashi Faman Asbahu Bussi.

SPEAKER_01 1:19

Tehail Ma'yakidah in Nina Fisanat Elfutumuneyo Teletin. Can fi Kabila Kokasea Kaweyah Gidden Ismaha Ishabsuh. Teaded he can beusal Lehaweli meyo Khamsin elfi in Sain. Lekin bad the Fatra Zemeneya Mishtawila awi, utahdidan bad din te el Harburse el Kokasea, el adilfuddal min al Kabiladi f Ardom can elfin wumeyya orba tosh or shahsebes.

SPEAKER_04 1:44

Yanhar Abjad, min meyo Khamsin elf, l' elfin u shwaye, darokom Murab, Yanehnabnit kellim Fishib he ebeda l-Khabiledi.

SPEAKER_01 1:53

Bazubti kide, wudeli bi ħelli eyyeh had Yismaal Arkomdi jis el Nefsusu elbedi gidden, eli ħelli um me kemlet Bakhar Bishaklid. Wizzey tarih munteddilkurun, yuchtazelfin nihaya al mugurad esmef ar shifet, awkurasu wayura.

SPEAKER_04 2:08

Bassi, il arkomdi fealan bitakis wahda min anafit tawwalet demografia fit tarih al hadis. Basena hasis in nenash an nistawa bagmel ma' seedi, lezimil awul nifhem min heyal ummadi aslan, wizey ken it Aisha abyhasalil in hiordakul.

SPEAKER_01 2:24

Ah, widab zabtil hedev min gelsitilistik chef ulbahdib ta' etnan nahard. Um mashar qesiye. Wa shen namil da, Buslitna hat kun marga tawfi ki muhimmegidden, uhu wa kitab il mauswa atteri heyya il um Meshar Keseye, lit Dukr Muhammad Khir Mamsir, u tahdi dan il-Mugaladil Awwal al-Kasmil Awwal al-foslit tailit. Al Kitab Debi Ssi mit Tahawulet ilmorid Bih al Ummadi Litelet Morahil Sesiyy.

SPEAKER_04 2:51

Tabhhalina niftah ilmelefidemin bid to ba. Yani il Marhalal uleh, ilheyye minil osurul wusta, will hadil Karnal Arba Toshar il- Miledi, e' Surah Likennet Mutasad dura anishraqsafilwaq tida.

SPEAKER_01 3:02

Busya sidi. As Sura Kenet Muqtali fatame anatoximetilib nisma anhabadin. Al Mazdar bi Wathok in Il Umm Mashir Keseyo Atah Kenet bitit Kawwin min Sabah Kobe irro Isiyyeh. Asme Za Yzih, il Abozrh, il Edimi, il Keshk, Wil Jikit. Utaban Awl Zuhurli Ism Shir Kaseyeh Ken Senet El Fumtien u Hamsar Bain Al Kharito Lirahla Ismu Jean Du Corbenti. Wil Ahem, in al Mazdar Hinem Biatamecha Alkajet Shafawey, Deby Estenned Li Shahedet Mu Arahin Bizantiyin U Arab.

SPEAKER_04 3:34

Tabdi Hagamira Gidden, Ya Nikan Fihtikek Mubeshur Mahadorat Tanya Canet But Watak Libu Chufu. Sah.

SPEAKER_01 3:42

Sah Gidden. Il Imperatur il Bizanti Kostantin Wathak Wagut Khabilit Isih Lekin Shahed al Abras Wul Akhtar Tafsilan getmin ilmuarrih wa l'hruf il Arabi El Masaudi W the ken senat to Someetisawin Deyeh. Il Masaudi kendra Hela Shef Shaw both a kafet kitir gidden. Welemmet kellem an Kabila ismeha el Kushk U El Kesuj Edimwas f Dakik gidden lihum.

SPEAKER_04 4:07

Mm wasafhum bi Iba, Yani Req kiz alan idomhum isyesi wil Hayat humiliumia, we la Ibizab.

SPEAKER_01 4:14

Rek kizalaqzaheg. Awalan, dakar innuhum Kenu be tarodudu da adad Dahma Alla Aswak Medina Trabzun, Ashan it to gora. Wasafhumbe innuhum Shabi Biem telekmonzuma aħlaqiya Alia gidden rahm innuhum Kenulissa mutamasikin bilwathaniya filfotradi.

SPEAKER_04 4:31

Yanit Tarodala Aswa Trabzon Damane innuhum Makanush Muna Zilim fil Gebel zayimeleskitir mutayila, canfi harakatugareya u Tabedul Fatof you odha.

SPEAKER_01 4:40

A Taban, Bessil Akrab be'a, fiq tebetil mesawdi, innurek kis gidden alalhudur il meddi wil gesedilihum. Wush het to bit ul Nassan in numafis xabif ejimonte etenye yddar ydahihum fil anokal gesedejya w Tanasuk, sewa erigel aunise. Wasofhumbi innuhum ilegmel sheklen wa tanasukan ala mustawa l-ilam il marufu etu.

SPEAKER_04 5:03

Beged sheheda zeyidi, min behhez lefi fil ailem, maptigishmin forroh, akid, dibit ekid in il-kabeil di kellih simet wathaw bosmom mu yezegidden. Tobbesisenya wahda. Hellines eleksuel, il Esmail Khadim Linti ultihadi, zeyizih awhat asma akadem zayin nord. Mabashli ha good badikid, uzarit asmetanya. Hell demane in Il Kabelldin Korodit.

SPEAKER_01 5:29

Laqholis, ilkita bi akid Bishakl Kotta and Nuhu Munt Karadush Aslanabakurfiha Mantukal Asril Hadith.

SPEAKER_04 5:36

Yanihell Nukdorn Shabbihil Hassal de Bameliet Demga Aditil Heikela Lip Tasal Fishet al Kobra, Il Hua Il Ken Nefsu, Bemwarodul Bashariya Lissama Gudu Shirel, Bessilyaf Tot Il Barra Hil Gayarit Ashantinesip the Hal of Gidid.

SPEAKER_01 5:50

Allaina wara Aliq, it teshbihde da kik gidden, ubiishrah il Hassal Bazubt. Ichtife Esme Awen Khifoda del Kabeel Meken Shimane Hilfene, Dikenet e Adit Heikela demografia tobaia. Kabeel Gayarit Esmehha Awen Demagit Maqabel Tanya Awhagret u Hadit Ismil Mekenil Gidid. Felmedal Basharia Mustamirra, Bessil Heikel Howal Lit Hadith.

SPEAKER_04 6:11

Udeh Lina nifhem Izze Idu im Tossut Ta Gayorot, uithuluful Mahalat Tanya. Il Mahala liptibda minil Karnil Arba Toshar, wumum teddel Had Elf, Utum Numia Arba Sitin. Izzeyba's Hurritil Khharitaliktima'ya bada amelit Demgidi.

SPEAKER_01 6:26

Il Khari beet Ukhartan Zeman, obeit Abara and Telet Shubra Isia. Is Shabil Awel Howel Edira, Udabi Dum Mitahtuk il Kibira Zayel Kiberdi u lkieh. Ishabiteni Hummel Abchhoz Awl Aboza, U Shabit Telit be awli wadachos gidden, Humma El Wbih.

SPEAKER_04 6:44

Ilwebih, Anarit Anum Abli Kidda, Bahasin Hom Kenubi Messilu zairumani til Mizan Filmonto, Yanimishmugarwad Mesahagurafeo Holoz, Tahsuhum Merkas Thikal Strategi.

SPEAKER_01 6:55

Hummafal and Kenu kidd. Ilwebih Kenu Halaketil Wasl Ghurrafeya will luraweya, ben il Adira Fishamel, Wil Abhez Filganup. Basil Ahemini location betahum How al Mawerit. El Masdar Buskar in Nikan anduhum menej m hadith. Wdaf fil ausurdi, Yanitafuka askariusuna murayb.

SPEAKER_04 7:15

Menegim hadid we Nebya Kabrita men.

SPEAKER_01 7:22

Bazubt, fakta sa diyan wasahiyan waaskareyan, canu fenuqtutkowa kabira gidden. Besinuta di bit gurina limuforka gariba gidden Duktor Mamsar Wuddaha.

SPEAKER_04 7:38

Sa il Muntoki inlā umma wahda wgiren nuzomhumykun wahid aumuta koribgid.

SPEAKER_01 7:49

Bes anzimit alhokmi fihafim muntahatanokod. Yani mesalan kabila zeil kabardi. Udih kabila dahma lidragitin nankasamit la kabardi kubra u sura beseb khelef bin ebne emir ismu inel il-kabir, il kabila di umaha kabila tenye zeilbegduh, canandom ndu miktemea tobakisarim gidden, ndom iktohai, bihkumu umra unubele.

SPEAKER_04 8:10

Iktah, u omra, utawit fulto, tobmadonomat mutakerra wa e dif terih sha opkitir, ilghib fiked.

SPEAKER_01 8:17

Il kharibin na' nahyat tenya ufnefsilgurafya t'ibben, kabe iltenye girenhum, ze jisheb suhul ebzeh, meken shaan dohum e yi asar linzom dhholis, mefish umra, mefish nobele, u mefish ikta. Ummal kenuashini zei. In Nazoma nduhum can aqrab li dimukratia tesherokeye. A sult fi eid megglis ho kemeh bisemus samada, il idorab ta temedalek boris sinna ashabel hikme, wukul kari lihara is ideri bigi bishura mishbil woroza.

SPEAKER_04 8:46

Yeh khabor, yanihnemish uddem coli bwahet holos. Isze tono kud dayhasal, illi hellli kabila thtoril qtwa, wukabila lez efihe, turfudu, wut ishbin Zomith Samada a wishura de.

SPEAKER_01 8:57

Is Sirri kullu fi kilma wahda, al gurofia, il mazda bisrah in il Ghrofia Huna Mekanech mu Gorrod Mekena I Shinfi, Dikanit il Fai Lil Esesi. El Kabeli Lisekalitis Suhul ulmanata and Mumbbosatal Zay il Kaberdi, can sehlifiha Harakitul Khujul, hubenek Giush W Saytora Alla Arodi Zuraya Wesa.

SPEAKER_04 9:16

Oh Fimt, Yanis Suul Bitsehil Merkazia, obtismahbuzhur toba at Forsen, Fabiteli Bizarnizom Iqtoai, u umro ya Saitoru al mesahadi.

SPEAKER_01 9:25

Allain oral aliq. Alalaksiba. Il kabeli lisekinit amokl gibelul within il wara, zeishepsuh, ilgorofia fora thatalihum nazom teni hols. Filgibeliya, mefish orodisrayah shasa, ashen emirya soy ter aliha. Fe canubi atemedual tekatu filmuqtama, ashen y waghu kaswat tobia.

SPEAKER_04 9:44

Montuk gidden, fibi asabaz aidi, hekmit kiboris sin notagrobitum bitib e ahamme miljun morraman satwat emir bigishu. Ilgorofya azalithu muhamitum, wo fordat alihum it te kefl ashanelbaqal ferdi can have mustahil.

SPEAKER_01 9:58

Biz zobti kid. It tefsirda behudnal nota tenya mudhesha fil Basiptan, wahiyem es elit al esme. El esma andil ummedi mechanich mugrad yofta kidow khlos, di canet amlazail bayonetil wasfiya awl meta data betat eye file.

SPEAKER_03 10:12

Mita data zzei. Yanil ismikan beakis sufot muana fil kabila nafseh.

SPEAKER_01 10:17

Aywa, mugorod matira isma kabila, ke ennak bita mlisthrog le bayenet kemla, anshek lum il gesededi awmunachum aushurluhum. El keta b shurkosi, mortu kesem amel tahlil lugawi l esme il-kabe ildi, wunete egtulla et kashif agidden.

SPEAKER_03 10:34

Tabmatidini amsela kidan n tobba aliha fikritil mita de tedi.

SPEAKER_01 10:37

Khalina nibda bqabilit in netwihu. Il kilmadi lam matitfekkik filuga shurkeseye, bin le noh bimana ein, utoha, bimana azrok, waharfieh lil milkeye. Fet tefsiril akrob huwa ashobbil oyunu zurko, ufita ħlil teni bira gahal in nort uih u oy, febikun manehe ebne in nortijin, u nortijun dol il-abtol il- usturijin futturoh il-kozi.

SPEAKER_04 11:02

Yeselem, tofsil dokik gidden, tabwin isbal il kabel il-qtuayyeh, zejil bigidog masalan.

SPEAKER_01 11:08

Ismil bijju dogh li shukin. Bigge, bimana kes, utahu, bimana echeze awkeseb. Felmana munkinikun el lezi echezil kes, kedelela alal in tasar aw-karam, ufiro yteni bi ulin il isma mushtakum in shogar sal bagidden bitenwanduhum ismeh bigd. Fatib et tesmeye in ekes lisala bat khashabish shogar a diwur to bothom bibi ithom.

SPEAKER_04 11:30

Jamil, tabu khabilit shapsu, illikeno aisin fil jibel benzames shhura.

SPEAKER_01 11:34

Dib' aliha keza tefsir. It tafsir al awal wil ashhar huwa ashabil khuyul. It tefsir it teni bi essim il kilmal shab wisu kjani nahif. Fabib asheb bin nahif il momshuk. Widabi fakkarna bosfil masaudil anakal gesadeye. Ufi tefsir bi ibaht, biurbut il kilma psup jani bered wisiti gjani yehra. Falmane kunal monti alberda lisakyaha bihra in nabet.

SPEAKER_04 11:59

Basihinafisu el bifrud nafsub soroha. Helil esme ulbenetil wasfey di, canet harfeye, Yani helmon tiki innukulla ford of kabilit in nethwei, tokuna yunu zerqa, waledekanamzel al kabila ilaand dina, betibda bosufat gid dikbir ubadin tilzafil elakulhel egiel.

SPEAKER_01 12:14

Hua teshbihit tenni dahu al arablin montuk, wulipedamu elya ta tobur aluret. Assiftibda andumu assis aw magmua sarira, umaz zaman will in dimeged bithawilhit m'awhaweya lil keyen kullu. Hatal Osifanafsama ba echma gud of kulil afrod. Ellurahina archif terihihi kemil madrut ficilm.

SPEAKER_04 12:33

Debi helifukdanil asme dimas sasakha fiya hayeyeh, mishbessima seba shareye. Wa takak debindilna al mahalat teltafterihil ummasah, el Mahala lkulit Tanawa das Todomfiha Bigdoril Harb.

SPEAKER_01 12:44

O lil Asf, el Mahala teltem in elfutum numeya arbao sete, lahaddin heyat al cornetasatoshur. E Duktor Mamsir Biwasak al Mahala di Bahayet Tem. Ubin il Wako ewa Arcombes. Ubiatemed alatakarir Mwasaka womin Ahameha Takirir Siri L Dobit Muhabarot Rusi Ismu il General Turnu.

SPEAKER_04 13:04

Dobit Mukhabarat Rusi, iszeida.

SPEAKER_01 13:07

Il General Danegh en Nuyuthul il Orodi Shir Keseya Mutenekir Senat Elfutum Numeya Arbao Teletin. Waash Fatorot Tawiel Hnik. Takiriru Bidina Surah Hayya and Shekl and Hyor. Wizzeil Kabel il Dikenit Bit Sora Ashante Ish.

SPEAKER_04 13:20

Tabwasaf if Takariru Sirreyedi.

SPEAKER_01 13:23

Wasaf Masalan Halet Kabel Abzoh. Illitorrat Tisibis Suhulu, Thrab Teish fil Gibelil Aliya, Wil Rabet, Ashantis Techabem Nilgorot Ruseyel Mufege, Illikanit Betehra Akorohum. And Mushkila in Ilbi El Gabeleya Dimekifia Arodi Zuraya Umiye Tikfi mi et elefil Bashar.

SPEAKER_04 13:39

Dimufarka Kosia Giddan Busuraha. Yanil Ghorofia illikenit bitehmihum filmarhalat tenye, wusa mehitluhum yibnu demokrot in themeda, it hawilit filmarhalat tel tel signatobia, awmelev achir gir kabil ilhaya.

SPEAKER_01 13:53

Uh bzubt, umdwal mukaumfizurufdi, can mudhil, il general tour now, was of hisur, be in nohum shaab taiburuhum aliya, umharibun ashedeh, ukenu na zamin gidden, le darugit innuhum canubi rabu turu ilbahr, ulahhas in in a sahom canubbi atametao bhuriya wahtrom kibir hattafuatilhar.

SPEAKER_04 14:13

Urahmula sumudwur ruhdi, inniheya mechanichif solehhom lil asf. Ehnalurigana lil orkomilbede nabiha, ilheyan na kabilit shepsuur, nizlet minn meyo khamsin elf le elfin u shweye, debi lachuskulhag.

SPEAKER_01 14:26

Wil me samutu wakkaficha and the shepsurbus, kabilet in nethui illita adedha can meet elf inesema, in horil adad lehadim tebe amin humruba meat shachsibes. Wur rakamil aktor sodmafil wasawik, hoaptah kabilet iljana. Iljanah, Hasallohum eyedul kamen il kabila dita rodatla aktermin tul tumio teletin razwa s kereye. In Natiga, innifsenet elfotum numya teletin, aaded of frot kabilet iljana kullehe, bikuliterihha, wusil wehedwa shrin shahsifakat.

SPEAKER_04 14:56

Wahhedwa shrin insen bas shailin yoftuk kabila kemlaw tarih tawil. Yanhar Abidl or comdi, bit khalini estentic hagasaba awian ficritil in dimeg ilit kallimna alihefil awl.

SPEAKER_01 15:07

Kaz dak e.

SPEAKER_04 15:08

Yanilem metkalimna filmor halal ule an in dimegil kabeil, can in dimek tobiay behefittawashua awit tahiluf. Lek in filmmur haledi, il in dimegwilihtifeh, can mes elit bakok hatmiye, haraban minil feneh. Sa, il kabe il surayoradi, can teget al wahid in nah tub fil kabe il tenye withithella an ismeh.

SPEAKER_01 15:29

Istintek salim gidden will mazdur bi ekkiddeh. In natiga in esmeq kabe ilarika, ichtafit minil wugudil faeli, maba echima wguda r kasutur fukutu bil istnu grafia, aw ka ismeq kora surayora gidden figumuriet adir al haleh.

SPEAKER_04 15:45

Ilhawiya tila itmirina, Besit teman ilinda fa ashant ofdalma guda can heli gidden gidden.

SPEAKER_01 15:51

Theha ii, ech nakedal khosnar rehledi, min kabe il kaweya u gemila was ofhalmesaudi flausunul wosta, li kayanet mutanawea bainat demokratia u l-ukta, wo sulan limarhalte ta shhatut will in hiyor, elihellit isme kemlet misah.

SPEAKER_04 16:06

Bussi, Badam Arifna kullidah, anaba fakkar fagga yimkin tokun kitem munesibil Bhassip Tanedah. Lawul esme heyed di inni e aul arshib ta'y sa kaffazay masharahti, Famanakiran Ayishhahshar kissin nahardh, biyahmil ismizey shabsoh a bokduh, who omishail mugorod isma'il. Uma shayil e the shayel archiv kemil minil ghrofya, will lure, u tarih kasi minusumud, umhawlit mas hehom minil khariita. Tehayel kemitit tarih uul waga will in tosarot, ilmunkitlachas for Mugarrat Horuf Ismaq and Maktuf Tatak in Nharda.

SPEAKER_01 16:39

Faal and Fikrat a stadite ammul, Tehayel in the Mugorat Hhuruf Ismaq to kun hiya shahidil Wahhida alaterih um ma kemla.

SPEAKER_00 16:47

Wahuna nathawakka fulihadaliom. Lakin Hadihihi Muzarahakitat in Wahidah Minsuratan Akbarabikathir.

SPEAKER_04 16:56

Bedat Hadel Bernamajusil Silatun Mustamirra, Halakatun tilwal Ukrah, Nastari Dufiha, Al Mausuat Terihiyat Lil Ummatishir Kasih.

SPEAKER_02 17:07

Wanusal Yatul Dawarala Jawani Bemin Hadat Terih, Lemusmah Bihar More Vamun Nasimin Kabl.

SPEAKER_00 17:14

Fa'ita Ajabatka Hadihil Halka, Tahamak Akhtar, Combizyarati Prof. Mamsir Nuktakom, Lilatilaya Al Mausuatil Kamila, Wa Kulli Mayaki Fukalfa Halakatil Yaum.

SPEAKER_02 17:26

Wa e the Kunta Testemti Obil Barnamaj, Tabiana Ainema Kunta Testamya, Watrukta Kiman, Wa Sherik Hadihil Halkata Ma Shaksin, Yahtaju Anis Maha The Terich.

SPEAKER_00 17:38

Hadihikanat, Al Mausuata Terihiata Lil Ummati Shakasia, Anna Aslan, Anna Satanai, Aracum Filhalkat Il Khadima.