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Melissa & Lori Love Literacy™ is a podcast for teachers. The hosts are your classroom-next-door teacher friends turned podcasters learning with you. Episodes feature top literacy experts and teachers who are putting the science of reading into practice. Melissa & Lori bridge the gap between the latest research and your day-to-day teaching.
Melissa & Lori Love Literacy ™
Ep. 192: Top Tips for Teaching Spelling with Savannah Campbell (Quick Tips from Our Teacher Friends)
In this episode, Savannah Campbell, a K-5 reading specialist, shares practical spelling tips for teachers. She emphasizes the importance of having students say the sounds or syllables as they spell, as it helps develop sound-symbol correspondence. Savannah also recommends interleaving, which involves practicing both new and old spelling skills to ensure mastery. Savannah also discusses the use of dictation, word chains and sound boxes for spelling instruction. Additionally, she advises keeping the same routine but varying the methods to keep students engaged.
Takeaways
- Have students say the sounds or syllables as they spell to develop sound-symbol correspondence.
- Interleave new and old spelling skills to ensure mastery.
- Provide more spelling practice than you think is necessary.
- Keep the same routine but vary the methods to keep students engaged.
- Use word chains and sound boxes for spelling instruction.
Resources
We answer your questions about teaching reading in The Literacy 50-A Q&A Handbook for Teachers: Real-World Answers to Questions About Reading That Keep You Up at Night.
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You're listening to Melissa and Lori Love Literacy. We know you have so many questions about teaching spelling and we know that you want evidence-based tips that you can use in your class tomorrow. We've got you In this episode. Our teacher friend Savannah Campbell is here to share her best spelling tips and routines.
Lori:Sometimes a podcast is enough and sometimes you might want something more.
Melissa:So we wrote a book answering your questions called the Literacy 50, a Q&A handbook for teachers real world answers to questions about reading that keep you up at night.
Lori:It's a handbook that includes downloadable resources for planning and instruction. You'll love the practical tips we supply to bridge the research to practice gap.
Melissa:Pre-order your copy now on Amazon.
Lori:Hi teacher friends. I'm Lori and I'm Melissa. We are two educators who want the best for all kids, and we know you do too.
Melissa:We worked together in Baltimore when the district adopted a new literacy curriculum.
Lori:We realized there was so much more to learn about how to teach reading and writing.
Melissa:Lori, and I can't wait to keep learning with you today.
Lori:Hi everyone. In episode 191, pam Kastner talked about how teaching spelling is teaching reading. Spelling binds orthography, phonology and semantics, or spelling to sound and meaning. She shared research-based reasons for teaching spelling. Today we are extending that conversation to include super practical spelling tips from one of our favorite teacher friends.
Melissa:Yes, and our teacher friend is Savannah Campbell. We know her from Instagram, as Campbell Creates Readers, but in real life she is a K5 reading specialist and we just learned a fun fact about her, which is that she has taught her entire career at the school where she went to as a child. Welcome to the podcast, savannah. We're so excited you're here, thank you for letting me be here.
Savannah Campbell:I'm so excited. I've talked about it all week.
Lori:Well, we can't wait to dive into spelling with you today. We know you have so many practical tips and I know you're going to share them with our listeners, but first can you share some general advice? What advice would you give to teachers about spelling instruction?
Savannah Campbell:Yeah. So I kind of have some general spelling tips. These are the things that I do with all of my groups, whether it's my first grade babies all the way up through my fifth grade ones and the first thing I always say is that we want our kids to say the sounds or syllables as they're spelling. So we know that when we are spelling, what we're doing is we're taking the sounds in a word that we know and we're trying to map those sounds to the symbols, aka the letters that represent those sounds. So I find that when children are learning to spell and learning to read, it's really important to have them say the sounds, because that's what it's all about, right, it's all about making sure that we have the sound to symbol correspondence. And I find that when we don't ask our kids to do that, there's a lot that ends up missing from their spelling. And also, when you're sitting next to a kid and you hear them saying the sounds, it makes it a lot easier for you to correct any errors, like if a child is making the F or V sound instead of having their tongue between their teeth with the F sound. But then I don't stop there. Even with my older kiddos. I have them say the sounds, but instead of having them say sounds, I have them say syllables. So when we are writing a multi-syllabic word, what I'll have them do is we will count the syllables together and then I have them draw a line for each syllable in a word, and this is really helpful for them because I let them know that every syllable must have a written vowel. So we've all seen kiddos when they're spelling a word that has that R sound that just writes an R, or when there's a consonant L, e syllable and they don't include the E. So by having them do the lines like that and making sure that they have at least one vowel per line, I found that it helps to eliminate a lot of not all of the poor spelling, but it really does help.
Savannah Campbell:And when I was thinking about this, though but it really does help and when I was thinking about this, though, I am an interventionist, so I don't think that when you are in a place in the classroom where you are having kids, like, write an essay, I'm not expecting my kids to do lines for every single word that they are writing. This is something that I'm doing specifically when I'm doing things like dictation in an intervention group. So when kids are in the general classroom, yes, when we are in small group or when we are doing dictation, I'm going to ask them to do these things. But when we're writing children, asking children to write longer things, it's not practical to expect them to do it for every little thing. So just kind of keep in mind just the place where you would do it. So this is a new word I learned this year.
Savannah Campbell:I've been doing this for years, but I just learned the word interleaving. So I've always just called it cumulative review, but interleaving sounds fancier. So interleaving is probably the most critical thing that you could do for your children's spelling, and what it means is you are having them practice both the new skills that you are teaching them with the old skills. And I have to be honest that this is probably the biggest downfall I see in classrooms. I know it was a downfall for me.
Savannah Campbell:So what we often see is a classroom will teach children magic E. Right, we're learning A consonant E this week, and then everything we are spelling has an, a consonant E. So what ends up happening? Every word a child writes is going to suddenly have an E at the end. So it's not just about whether or not they can spell those skills that we are teaching this week, it's can they apply it in connection to all the other things that we've already done. And we know that after first grade, spelling is going to lag behind reading, so we've got to do whatever we can to help them achieve mastery. And so when we continue to have that cumulative review with the new stuff, that's where I really think it's going to give us the biggest bang for our buck. And I always tell teachers, like okay, so say you're going to have them spell 10 words, have five of them be the words for the week and five of them be words from before. We just can't get stuck in only teaching them something new and never going back to the old stuff.
Lori:I think that makes so much sense too in so many things, but especially in spelling, where kids can see their success grow Right and also they can feel familiar there. I mean, they're not just I know, you know thinking about having a spelling test as a kid or looking at my own child going in to take a test of a hundred percent new things you know, rather than just maybe 50 or 60% new. It's funny because I had. I actually found a spelling test from when I was younger, savannah, like very recently, and like my own spelling test and, yeah, they were all based on, like the phonics patterns I was learning.
Lori:So it's really funny to like go back and see that, but it did look like it's exactly what you described as being like a hundred percent new each week, based on that pattern that I had just learned, and then we expect them to remember it forever.
Melissa:Oh, it reminds me of like I've tried to learn Spanish I mean since middle school, when I took it in school but I never, it never stuck. And it's always that you know, if you don't use it, you lose it. So it's the same thing, same principle there. You know, if we don't have them keep using it, they're not going to remember.
Savannah Campbell:We can't expect them to do things if we're not continuously practicing it. And that's actually was my third tip Practice more than you ever thought necessary. If you do nothing in a small group lesson except forgive authentic practice and spelling and reading like, say, you're running short on time that day and you don't have time for your whole lesson and you just want to practice, like that is so powerful. There was some Reading League article a long time ago and I just remember her saying practice is the one thing you cannot overdo. And I really believe that we have to save space for our children to practice the skills that we are currently teaching and the skills that we have already taught.
Savannah Campbell:Reading a decodable one day a week isn't going to cut it. Having children spell their spelling words on Monday and then never doing anything again until Friday is not going to cut it. We have to give them practice, and I know that time is so short and time is so precious, but the practice is the part that is going to help them to reach automaticity and we just cannot give that up. And then the last one that I was going to say, which is going to lead us into the different practices, is that we want to keep the same routine, but we can vary the methods. I think people are like, oh well, if we just have them spell every day and if we just have them read every day, it's boring, but that doesn't mean that we have to do it exactly the same way every single day. So there are ways that we can vary the methods that we are using while still reaching the same outcome, which is proficient spelling or proficient reading.
Melissa:All great tips, savannah and I mean we've talked about phonemic awareness instruction and connecting it to letters with a lot of recent guests, and interleaving has come up quite a few times, but usually we're talking about decoding, so I'm glad that you're bringing in some of these same ideas with spelling instruction.
Savannah Campbell:And I think you know there's this misconception out there that some kids are just destined to be bad spellers, and I don't believe that. I actually sat in the IEP meeting one time where the parent, where the teacher, was like, oh it's fine, you know, some kids are just bad spellers and I'm just like, no, we have to give our kids enough practice and enough skills so that they can go and be proficient, and I truly believe that every child can reach that level of functioning, even if it's not. You know, we don't have to be call it surprise winning novelists, okay, we just need to be able to function well enough that we can do whatever we want in our lives, whether it's reading or spelling.
Melissa:I know that our listeners heard you talk about some routines and you mentioned dictation, and I'm sure you have some more, but I know they want to hear more about those because that's what they can do in their classroom. So can you share a little bit about those specific routines with us?
Savannah Campbell:Yeah, so every day in my lesson I have a couple. So I keep the same routine, like I had said, and reviewing reading and reviewing spelling is part of that routine, so I also do spelling when I'm introducing a new rule. But most of the what I'm talking about today is kind of going to be the reviewing, because I think that that's really where we can grow a lot, grow a lot and dictation is the most simple, easiest powerful thing that we can do for our children. I don't think I ever did dictation. When I was actually in the classroom I didn't know any better. I think my spelling activities included things like write each letter in a different color, or write your words three times each, or put them in ABC order, and you know what? They weren't better spellers at the end of the year.
Melissa:What a shocker you know, that's what we did as kids too.
Savannah Campbell:I know, and it's still unfortunately happening, but it's not happening out of a place of malice, it's happening out of a place where, well, what else are we supposed to do? So I'm hoping that I can give you some insight. Dictation is easy. I use these half composition books from Walmart. They come out every year just at the school, back to school time and you can get a pack of 10 for $4.88. I love them. I know some people they go and they cut composition books in half.
Savannah Campbell:It really doesn't matter what you use, just keeping in mind that we need to ask our children to be successful in the manner in which they are expected to be successful in life, and one of those things is by putting a pencil to a piece of paper and writing. So when I do dictation, just for time's sake there's no magic behind this number is I just have them write one through five, and then what I have them do is write a mixture of words that we've already spelled or, sorry, the mixture of skills that we've already learned, so not necessarily the words we've already spelled. So, one through four, I normally just do a single word, but number five. I'll often have them write a sentence, and this is my procedure for sentence dictation, because as soon as you start to say the sentence, these children are going to start writing it. So I make them put their hands in the air and I say repeat after me.
Savannah Campbell:So if I say I like riding my bike, they have to repeat it and then we count it I like riding my bike, how many words? Five. So then after that they can either write it or they can draw five lines. And they can write it that way. Sometimes I draw the lines for them because they don't quite get how long they should be, but then as they're spelling it, if my sentence was I like riding my bike, and the kid looks at me after like and says what's next, and I just say writing and then says what's next my, and that's at that point we're not doing sentence level dictation anymore, we're doing word dictation and we need our children to be able to hold a sentence in their minds and then write it. So it can be that simple One through five do four words that are skills you've already learned and then the last one could be a sentence.
Lori:I bet that gives you a lot of great intel about the students who are struggling to hold that sentence level dictation and the ones who are often running. And then I'm wondering what like? What do you do from there? You mean, what do we do spelling wise? What do you do after they can't get that sentence level dictation? Like, what is your next step intervention there? Is it spelling related?
Savannah Campbell:No, that seems more like a working memory thing for me. I would either give them a smaller sentence or have them repeat it until they can do it. But I mean, and if I have to repeat the sentence a bunch of times, I will like, if they every time ask me what it is, I just say I like riding my bike. What is it? I like riding my bike. The second thing that I was going to say. So dictation is your basic. The second thing I would say would be word chains, and I think word chains I first probably heard about from the Kilpatrick book Equipped for Reading Success. He has a lot of different things. Actually I pulled out my dry erase board so I will show you, but then I will also hopefully give enough context so that if you're just listening to this, you will also hear.
Savannah Campbell:So what is a word chain and why is it powerful? A word chain is when you give a child a word and then each subsequent word differs by one sound, and it's a really cool practice because it blends both phonemic awareness and phonics and it produces an accurate spelling. It blends phonemic awareness and phonics because the children have to recognize which part of the word the sound is changing and then they have to recognize which part of the word the sound is changing and then they have to then match that to the appropriate symbols. So I'm going to go through maybe just like five words, because even though I know a lot of people do word chaining, I think sometimes what we do is we give away too much.
Savannah Campbell:So if I said, if I was reviewing, say, digraphs, and I wanted them to spell the word chill, okay, so the first word would be chill, and I would ask them to say the sounds that they are, that as they're spelling chill. And then I normally do it on a dry erase board. So what we do is after that I would say I want you to change one sound in chill to make the word chin. You notice, I don't say I want you to take away the two L's, I don't say I want you to take off the last letters. I just say I want you to change one sound, which does not always mean one letter, to make the word chin. So they would erase this. And then I want them to again say the sounds and blend to read the word. We're always going to go back to saying the sounds and blending to read the word.
Melissa:So real quick, Savannah. I'm just going to add in for people that are listening so you erase the two L's at the end and add in an N. So now it's chin.
Savannah Campbell:Thank, you for that, yes. So then I have chin, I have C-H-I-N, and I would say I want you to change one sound in chin to make the word chip. So they would have to know that they take away the N and they replace it with a P. And then I would have them say the sounds and blend. And I'll just do one more word. I will say I want you to change one sound in chip to make it say chap, and so they would have to take away the. I replace it with an A. Say the sounds and blend. And I normally go through about 10 words when I do it. The downfall in this is that sometimes it can be very focused on one skill as opposed to like a cumulative one. So a lot of times I'll do this. Say I introduce my children to the Diagraph CH the next day. I would then do a word chain on it, but I do some that are kind of mixed up. The worst thing that you can do is not write down your words before you do this.
Lori:I was just going to say that, savannah, I feel like this is. I learned that by um very early on. I was trying this out and I didn't. I was like, oh cool, this seems like I'm going to try it out, and I didn't prepare the words. I prepared a couple. Then they loved it so much they wanted to keep going and I didn't have words prepared and it was, it was awful. I was like I don't, I don't know, I can't think of anything right now. So definitely prepare your words.
Savannah Campbell:So, yes, prepare your words as much as you can for all of these activities. It takes a little bit of time on the back end, but then you're going to reap the rewards later while you're not panicking.
Melissa:Savannah, quick, quick, quick question about that. I mean, if you have a student who they are changing it, but they change it to a different, not the correct, letter, do you just jump in and share with them the right letter or guide them to get to the right one?
Savannah Campbell:Yeah, if the word was chin and they changed it. The first thing I always ask them to do is I ask them to tell me the sounds and then touch it as they're saying the sounds do. Is I ask them to tell me the sounds and then touch it as they're saying the sounds, and so say they got for chin. They changed the N to a T or something like that? I'd be like, okay, well, what sound did you say needed to be here? Okay, well, you wrote this sound down. So what should it actually be?
Savannah Campbell:And this is why it's really helpful doing this in a small group. You can do it in whole group too, but doing it in small group you're able to do that immediate feedback really easily, which we know is so powerful. That was a great question. And then two if I have kids that are truly struggling with this, I will say all right, so this is going to be the first sound. So listen to me as I'm saying this first sound your word is chin. What's the first sound you hear in chin? So it's just the level of scaffolding, as little as possible.
Lori:Start, without giving them much of anything at all yeah, and then let them show you that they need it.
Savannah Campbell:The next one so we're just kind of talking about different ways we can vary the dictation, basically different ways we can do spelling so that they don't get bored and start acting up dictation basically different ways we can do spelling so that they don't get bored and start acting up. Sound boxes that has been such a huge one in the past couple of years. Sound boxes, word mapping, phoneme, graphing, mapping, whatever you want to call it. It's all kind of the same thing. But basically sound boxes are when you give children a series of boxes and what they do is each box has to hold the letter or letters that represent a single sound. That's the number one rule One box, one sound, no matter what. And it's helpful because it helps our kids see that these letters aren't random. So if I'm writing the word light, the G and the H aren't random. They're coming together as part of a vowel team so that they can be that IGH making an I before a T sound. So I find it very helpful.
Savannah Campbell:I think that us as adults have kind of gotten stuck in semantics with it. I see a lot of people that are like literally arguing over sound boxes and I'm like at the end of the day, it's about what our children are able to do. So, if it's not always perfect, if you put, I put the X in between two boxes, but if a kid put an X on the other one, like it's not the end of the world, we're trying to get them to have that sound symbol correspondence. So I did write down a couple because I thought that I would address some of the ones that people often struggle. Okay, so I'm going to say this out loud and I'm going to show you it, so let's talk about, like the word which right, so which is three, sounds so that TCH must go into one box.
Lori:So you're talking like a Halloween.
Savannah Campbell:Yep, yep and we would probably say it in a sentence. Yep, then one thing that I noticed people are often messing up sometimes, which makes sense because some programs do teach it, as one box is blends. But remember, the rule is one sound, one box. So in a word like slide, the S and the L would both have to go into a separate box because they are separate sounds. Even though they are co-articulated they keep their own sound.
Savannah Campbell:Another thing that jams people up is the welded sounds, because of the programs that teach am and ing and ankh and onkh, as, like you know, they put them in one box. Technically it's not, but I'm not. I mean, the world's not going to end as long as we get to the end goal, but I'm just going technically right here. So in a word like sting, the N and the G is technically one sound, so it goes in one box. But then in a word like blank, which really jacks everything up, the N is a sound and the K is a sound, because technically that N is making the N sound and then the K is its own sound. So I don't want us to get bogged down in semantics so that we're afraid to do it, because the end goal is proficient spelling, and this is just another scaffold that we can use to help achieve that goal.
Lori:Such a good point Because I do know, you know when I was trained in foundations, that N and G makes the glued sound and NG, but they are technically separate. Sounds right, it's just, yeah, it's just in that word, no they do NG, NG, ONG, ONG in one box. But they're glued. But would they be separate boxes?
Savannah Campbell:I is a separate box NG is one box. Ng is one sound, but ink would be three sounds.
Lori:Right, so it would be st. Let's do sting S-t-i-ng. Sting has four sounds. Yep, so they're glued together, but the I is not with it. Yes, I didn't articulate that right in the beginning. So they're glued together, but the I's not with it. Yes, I didn't articulate that right in the beginning.
Savannah Campbell:So they're glued. I think when they say glued sounds, they put them together because the co-articulation is changing the sound of it. So anything where the vowel is being changed by the subsequent letters they make it like a welded sound, like the A getting nasalized and am and then the ing for I-N-G. So that's kind of where they get from it.
Lori:Yeah, I could see that being like an off-putting thing for teachers, being like, oh my gosh, where do I put this in the box? Like I'm supposed to be the expert or at least have an idea of where. And this is. It's tough sometimes to figure it out.
Melissa:This is what we should be learning when we're becoming teachers. This is what we should be practicing in college.
Savannah Campbell:Can't you imagine if that had actually happened? Instead of just, oh, give them their just right reading level. That was what I learned. And then the last tip is just an easy peasy one Just change the medium. If your kids are getting bored with dictation, just change the way you have them write. I have them write on paper every week that literally have little wheels on them and I give them a minute to play with the race car pens and then we write.
Savannah Campbell:You could use magnetic letters, you can use dry erase boards, you can use anything you want to try to help them with their spelling. Some things are just easier, like with magnetic letters. It takes more time because you're pulling them down. You're putting them back up Doesn't mean it's wrong, it's just you might not have that kind of time today. So just thinking about different ways that you can alter the medium, like sometimes I'll even just let them use markers as opposed to a pencil, and that alone has made a big difference for them. So I those are kind of all the different ways that I do different spelling throughout the week. So just basic dictation, doing word chains, using sound boxes and changing up the medium when I can tell my kids are getting bored.
Lori:Super helpful. Such good, such a good point. Yeah, and changing the medium is so simple and just really practical, right, like a pack of markers, and oh, you get to write with a blue pen today, or blue marker today instead of your pen, or even a pen. I mean gosh, they never get to write with a blue pen today, or blue marker today instead of your, or even a pen. I mean gosh, they never get to write with a pen, I know, or what if you get?
Savannah Campbell:colored paper. Oh, they lose it. I will say one more thing for the older kids. Yeah, that's what I was just about to ask you. Yes, Go ahead. So one way that you can change it up for the older kids is by getting dry erase note cards. So they're like 12 bucks on Amazon for a pack of 40. And with dry erase note cards, it's the. It's the size of a note card, and what I have them do is I have them write. Each card is a syllable. So they say your word was construction, it would be construction, and the same rules are going to apply. You're going to have to have one vowel per box, but all the rest of it I kind of do the same thing, except for sound boxes. I will shift it away from writing one box per sound to writing one box per syllable or meaning part. I've seen people who try to ask kids to map words that are multisyllabic. But if our kids are at the point where they're writing multisyllabic words, they don't need to be at the individual sounds level.
Lori:That's right, yeah, and.
Savannah Campbell:I say meaning part because, like a great example is the suffix able is technically two syllables, but once we're getting to multisyllabic we want meaning to be king of everything. So if they know that able is a suffix, that means able to or possible, then we're going to have them keep it together, even if it's technically two syllables. And I just decided that because there's not nobody's talking about morphology that much.
Lori:I know we love to talk about morphology, so I'm glad that you brought it up. Are there any other things you would give a tip for for our older readers, cause I think that they are I mean even three, four or five plus right Like they're the um, the group that we tend to not include in this conversation, but they're they're spelling more than anyone honestly cause they're usually doing more writing.
Savannah Campbell:So, yeah, I think, um, especially with younger readers, what I see is us starting back at the beginning. But here's the deal If they are in third, fourth and fifth grade, they've been spelling poorly, they've been reading poorly for four years now, so more of the same is not going to cut it. So, starting in third grade, I will teach them the six syllable types within multi-syllabic words, because there's no reason where, if a kid you know is struggling, why they can't have a word like fantastic, it's just three closed syllables. So my suggestion for the older kids would be, even if they are struggling, to help them do all of these things within multisyllabic words, because that's where they're going to have to go. And another thing too, with the older kids, and this is more about handwriting rather than spelling but once a child's in third grade, the amount of effort you would have to put forth in order to change poor handwriting is pretty insurmountable. But that doesn't mean we can't teach them cursive, and cursive is a new lease on getting it right the first time.
Lori:Oh, that's a really good point. I didn't think about that. I thought you were going to say typing, but it wouldn't have made sense with the motor skills, so I was curious where you're going.
Savannah Campbell:No, yeah, cursive is like it's a chance to get it right again.
Savannah Campbell:And I even tell my kids I'm like look, I'm an adult, I'm going to teach you all of the cursive letters, but I'm going to show you how, as an adult, what I do is I do half cursive and I do half print, because that's the reality and we can't just yeah, I don't know anybody who sits there and writes in full cursive.
Savannah Campbell:But if you can teach some cursive so that they can eliminate some of those backward letters or some of the eligibility, then it's worthwhile and it's worth taking the time and the effort, because we cannot just assign cursive to our kids, we have to actually teach it. And I guess the one other thing with the older kids, and actually all the kids, is be mindful of the activities that you ask them to do when they are not with you, because spelling activities tend to be easy to assign, but then they don't often hold a lot of value if the kids can do it without actually having to read it or spell it independently, if the kids can do it without actually having to read it or spell it independently.
Lori:Because just copying a word three times is just not, it's just not going to move them forward. Yeah, there's a lot of, I think, like old ways that we taught spelling, that we are now kind of transitioning out right, like copying those words, like you said, alphabetizing, rainbow word writing, we probably could go on, but those are things that we, you said, alphabetizing, rainbow word writing, we probably could go on, but those are things that we, you know kind of old ways. And now we're transitioning into using the ways that you shared today, right, dictation, word chain, sound boxes, using different mediums to help students, breaking them up into syllables if they're older readers or when they show you that they're ready, and these are such awesome, awesome tips for our listeners.
Melissa:So, savannah, you give tips all the time. So before we say goodbye, we want you to be able to share. Where can our listeners find you so they can get more of your tips?
Savannah Campbell:Sure, so I am basically everywhere at Campbell's. Campbell Creates Readers it's the longest name in the world. I did not know that you should do short names. When I started this, I was just a teacher trying to get going. So Campbell, like the soup, creates readers, and I'm on Instagram mostly, but I do have a website underneath the same thing where I blog every other week about all of these different things and I really try to talk about everything structured literacy and my goal is always to be the person that I wish I had had when I had gotten started, because I really could have used somebody, and so I try to be that somebody for other people.
Lori:Well, we are so grateful that you are here and we're so glad that you shared all of these amazing tips with our listeners. So thank you, Savannah.
Savannah Campbell:Thank you.
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