{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":3608.004,"endTime":3609.872,"body":"Hey folks, welcome to the DarkHorse"},{"startTime":3609.872,"endTime":3611.874,"body":"podcast live stream"},{"startTime":3611.874,"endTime":3614.577,"body":"311, I think 311, 311."},{"startTime":3615.011,"endTime":3615.979,"body":"And it's an awesome number."},{"startTime":3617.113,"endTime":3618.114,"body":"Yes, that it is."},{"startTime":3618.114,"endTime":3619.282,"body":"Where would we be without it?"},{"startTime":3619.282,"endTime":3620.249,"body":"It is not only a prime."},{"startTime":3620.617,"endTime":3620.817,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":3621.05,"endTime":3622.952,"body":"It is a permutable prime."},{"startTime":3623.553,"endTime":3625.855,"body":"This thanks to one of our locals, people."},{"startTime":3626.055,"endTime":3626.356,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":3626.356,"endTime":3627.29,"body":"I'm not going to mention him because I"},{"startTime":3627.29,"endTime":3628.157,"body":"don't know if I should."},{"startTime":3628.591,"endTime":3629.525,"body":"A permutable prime."},{"startTime":3629.525,"endTime":3630.593,"body":"You know what a permutable prime is?"},{"startTime":3631.628,"endTime":3632.729,"body":"Wait, it's going to"},{"startTime":3632.729,"endTime":3634.664,"body":"derive from permutation."},{"startTime":3635.098,"endTime":3635.298,"body":"Absolutely."},{"startTime":3636.165,"endTime":3637.133,"body":"And it"},{"startTime":3637.133,"endTime":3638.668,"body":"also called an absolute prime,"},{"startTime":3638.668,"endTime":3639.902,"body":"incidentally, but you're"},{"startTime":3639.902,"endTime":3640.67,"body":"not going to know the Oh,"},{"startTime":3640.67,"endTime":3641.971,"body":"it's the kind of prime of"},{"startTime":3641.971,"endTime":3643.94,"body":"which there is one permutation."},{"startTime":3644.774,"endTime":3645.375,"body":"No, no."},{"startTime":3645.675,"endTime":3645.908,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":3645.908,"endTime":3648.011,"body":"That was a little overly biological, but."},{"startTime":3648.211,"endTime":3650.179,"body":"And overly literal with regard to the"},{"startTime":3650.179,"endTime":3651.547,"body":"etymology per mutation."},{"startTime":3652.415,"endTime":3652.715,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3654.083,"endTime":3655.351,"body":"I don't know."},{"startTime":3655.351,"endTime":3656.853,"body":"In what way can it be permuted?"},{"startTime":3657.954,"endTime":3658.855,"body":"All of the digits."},{"startTime":3659.422,"endTime":3661.024,"body":"So 311 is where we're at."},{"startTime":3661.024,"endTime":3661.224,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":3661.324,"endTime":3661.524,"body":"311."},{"startTime":3662.025,"endTime":3663.793,"body":"You can rearrange those digits in any way"},{"startTime":3663.793,"endTime":3665.795,"body":"you want and you still have a prime."},{"startTime":3666.863,"endTime":3667.163,"body":"That's lucky."},{"startTime":3667.463,"endTime":3667.964,"body":"That's cool."},{"startTime":3667.964,"endTime":3668.164,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":3668.264,"endTime":3670.133,"body":"And it's, I mean, it's, it's, it's a"},{"startTime":3670.133,"endTime":3671.934,"body":"little bit of a cheat because two of the"},{"startTime":3671.934,"endTime":3673.636,"body":"digits are the same in this case."},{"startTime":3673.636,"endTime":3675.304,"body":"So it's not as many permutations as it"},{"startTime":3675.304,"endTime":3680.81,"body":"might be, but 311, 131, 113, all prime."},{"startTime":3681.611,"endTime":3681.811,"body":"311."},{"startTime":3682.045,"endTime":3682.478,"body":"Here we are."},{"startTime":3682.679,"endTime":3683.146,"body":"Premutable prime."},{"startTime":3684.28,"endTime":3684.747,"body":"There you go."},{"startTime":3685.081,"endTime":3685.715,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":3685.715,"endTime":3686.215,"body":"That's cool."},{"startTime":3686.449,"endTime":3687.15,"body":"I think it's cool."},{"startTime":3687.15,"endTime":3687.35,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3689.285,"endTime":3689.986,"body":"I am Dr."},{"startTime":3689.986,"endTime":3690.286,"body":"Bret Weinstein."},{"startTime":3690.486,"endTime":3691.254,"body":"You are Dr."},{"startTime":3691.454,"endTime":3692.855,"body":"Heather Heying, if I remember correctly."},{"startTime":3693.056,"endTime":3693.256,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":3693.99,"endTime":3694.557,"body":"And, um,"},{"startTime":3696.693,"endTime":3698.828,"body":"you know, the thing is one has to have a"},{"startTime":3698.828,"endTime":3700.163,"body":"proper level of skepticism"},{"startTime":3700.163,"endTime":3701.664,"body":"about their own conclusions."},{"startTime":3701.664,"endTime":3702.632,"body":"Everything is provisional."},{"startTime":3703.066,"endTime":3703.866,"body":"It's including, for"},{"startTime":3703.866,"endTime":3705.401,"body":"instance, how many noses one has."},{"startTime":3706.235,"endTime":3706.602,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":3707.203,"endTime":3708.204,"body":"I mean, you're not in a"},{"startTime":3708.204,"endTime":3709.439,"body":"good position to know."},{"startTime":3709.439,"endTime":3711.374,"body":"It depends on a lot of assumptions about"},{"startTime":3711.374,"endTime":3713.376,"body":"the way mirrors work, how other people"},{"startTime":3713.376,"endTime":3714.544,"body":"react, that sort of thing."},{"startTime":3714.544,"endTime":3716.245,"body":"This just happens to be an issue that you"},{"startTime":3716.245,"endTime":3717.814,"body":"keep reminding our children of that when"},{"startTime":3717.814,"endTime":3719.348,"body":"they make new friends, they should make"},{"startTime":3719.348,"endTime":3721.484,"body":"sure that they, uh, the"},{"startTime":3721.484,"endTime":3722.618,"body":"usual number of noses."},{"startTime":3722.618,"endTime":3724.487,"body":"And if not, that's a suggestive of"},{"startTime":3724.487,"endTime":3725.922,"body":"something else bigger underneath."},{"startTime":3725.922,"endTime":3727.223,"body":"I don't suggest that they shouldn't"},{"startTime":3727.223,"endTime":3729.192,"body":"befriend people with an unusual number."},{"startTime":3729.625,"endTime":3731.027,"body":"It's that they should make note of the"},{"startTime":3731.027,"endTime":3732.495,"body":"fact that they have done so."},{"startTime":3733.129,"endTime":3733.329,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":3733.329,"endTime":3733.796,"body":"This is going to make"},{"startTime":3733.796,"endTime":3736.065,"body":"no sense to anyone else."},{"startTime":3736.065,"endTime":3738.334,"body":"It barely makes sense to us, but"},{"startTime":3738.334,"endTime":3743.106,"body":"nonetheless, it is a, a loose recap of"},{"startTime":3743.106,"endTime":3745.308,"body":"history that has sort of occurred."},{"startTime":3747.243,"endTime":3748.044,"body":"So hey, here we are."},{"startTime":3748.311,"endTime":3749.746,"body":"DarkHorse podcast, live stream, the"},{"startTime":3749.746,"endTime":3751.614,"body":"evolutionary lens, um,"},{"startTime":3752.115,"endTime":3754.05,"body":"here on Wednesday as usual."},{"startTime":3754.65,"endTime":3755.284,"body":"Uh, thank you to all of"},{"startTime":3755.284,"endTime":3756.586,"body":"our supporters on locals."},{"startTime":3756.586,"endTime":3757.353,"body":"Check out the watch party"},{"startTime":3757.353,"endTime":3758.788,"body":"there and all past Q and A's."},{"startTime":3759.122,"endTime":3759.322,"body":"Tuesday."},{"startTime":3759.956,"endTime":3760.69,"body":"Isn't it Tuesday?"},{"startTime":3761.424,"endTime":3762.759,"body":"Is it not Tuesday?"},{"startTime":3765.027,"endTime":3766.129,"body":"So why do you think I'm"},{"startTime":3766.129,"endTime":3767.163,"body":"giving you a hard time today?"},{"startTime":3767.463,"endTime":3769.031,"body":"Because you say things like that."},{"startTime":3769.665,"endTime":3770.333,"body":"Isn't it Tuesday?"},{"startTime":3770.533,"endTime":3771.033,"body":"I don't know."},{"startTime":3771.033,"endTime":3771.634,"body":"Jen, is it Tuesday?"},{"startTime":3772.502,"endTime":3773.269,"body":"It's really not Tuesday."},{"startTime":3773.636,"endTime":3775.371,"body":"I have been under the impression all day"},{"startTime":3775.371,"endTime":3777.507,"body":"that we were a day early because of"},{"startTime":3777.507,"endTime":3778.875,"body":"travel plans, but all"},{"startTime":3778.875,"endTime":3779.709,"body":"right, it's Wednesday."},{"startTime":3780.076,"endTime":3780.576,"body":"I love it."},{"startTime":3780.576,"endTime":3781.11,"body":"It sure is."},{"startTime":3783.246,"endTime":3784.947,"body":"It really, it really, really is."},{"startTime":3784.947,"endTime":3786.549,"body":"Well, maybe we should, um, before we lose"},{"startTime":3786.549,"endTime":3788.918,"body":"the capacity to do so, pay the rent right"},{"startTime":3788.918,"endTime":3790.887,"body":"up at the top and then get to some, uh,"},{"startTime":3791.354,"endTime":3793.156,"body":"some heady issues, um,"},{"startTime":3793.156,"endTime":3794.223,"body":"around current events."},{"startTime":3794.59,"endTime":3797.059,"body":"Uh, and I'm hoping to get to some, uh,"},{"startTime":3797.059,"endTime":3798.728,"body":"some smaller stories that you haven't"},{"startTime":3798.728,"endTime":3801.063,"body":"planned on, um, talking about as well."},{"startTime":3801.063,"endTime":3802.765,"body":"But you wanted to talk about Minnesota."},{"startTime":3803.399,"endTime":3804.567,"body":"I think we should talk about Minneapolis,"},{"startTime":3804.867,"endTime":3807.737,"body":"uh, with your lead in of, uh, lots of,"},{"startTime":3807.737,"endTime":3810.106,"body":"um, uh, intellectual"},{"startTime":3810.106,"endTime":3812.875,"body":"scaffolding useful to this."},{"startTime":3813.242,"endTime":3813.576,"body":"The paper."},{"startTime":3813.576,"endTime":3815.011,"body":"Oh, you want me to lead with the paper."},{"startTime":3815.478,"endTime":3816.379,"body":"I sure do."},{"startTime":3816.379,"endTime":3817.246,"body":"Oh, I did not expect that."},{"startTime":3817.446,"endTime":3817.813,"body":"Essential, essential"},{"startTime":3817.813,"endTime":3818.714,"body":"that you do that, I think."},{"startTime":3818.714,"endTime":3819.248,"body":"Oh, okay."},{"startTime":3819.649,"endTime":3819.849,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":3820.216,"endTime":3820.55,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":3820.817,"endTime":3822.885,"body":"First, first are, um, our three ads at"},{"startTime":3822.885,"endTime":3823.553,"body":"the top of the hour."},{"startTime":3823.82,"endTime":3826.389,"body":"None, none others from us throughout, uh,"},{"startTime":3826.822,"endTime":3828.791,"body":"throughout the podcast, as always"},{"startTime":3828.791,"endTime":3831.26,"body":"carefully chosen three awesome sponsors"},{"startTime":3831.26,"endTime":3832.929,"body":"making awesome products this week."},{"startTime":3832.929,"endTime":3834.163,"body":"And you are up first."},{"startTime":3834.43,"endTime":3834.63,"body":"I am."},{"startTime":3835.064,"endTime":3836.666,"body":"And our first sponsor, it turns out this"},{"startTime":3836.666,"endTime":3839.335,"body":"week is Xlear Xlear is a nasal spray that"},{"startTime":3839.335,"endTime":3840.703,"body":"supports respiratory health."},{"startTime":3841.003,"endTime":3843.072,"body":"It's widely available online and in"},{"startTime":3843.072,"endTime":3847.476,"body":"stores and both it and the company that"},{"startTime":3847.476,"endTime":3848.544,"body":"makes it are fantastic."},{"startTime":3848.911,"endTime":3849.378,"body":"Yeah, that's true."},{"startTime":3849.912,"endTime":3853.583,"body":"It's clear that Xlear, it's Xlear."},{"startTime":3854.183,"endTime":3856.485,"body":"That's Xlear pronounced clear."},{"startTime":3856.552,"endTime":3858.521,"body":"This is not clear based on the fact that"},{"startTime":3858.521,"endTime":3860.69,"body":"I'm seeing Xs where you might expect"},{"startTime":3860.69,"endTime":3862.091,"body":"Cs, but nonetheless,"},{"startTime":3862.091,"endTime":3863.593,"body":"the product is called Xlear."},{"startTime":3863.826,"endTime":3866.062,"body":"It's spelled X L E A R."},{"startTime":3866.062,"endTime":3867.396,"body":"And why is it spelled that way, because"},{"startTime":3867.396,"endTime":3872.168,"body":"it is a reference to the Xylitol on which"},{"startTime":3872.168,"endTime":3875.871,"body":"the product is based a five carbon sugar."},{"startTime":3876.305,"endTime":3877.54,"body":"Some of this is going to be recapped"},{"startTime":3877.54,"endTime":3879.775,"body":"here, a five carbon sugar that is at the"},{"startTime":3879.775,"endTime":3883.346,"body":"core of both DNA and RNA."},{"startTime":3884.413,"endTime":3885.948,"body":"Xylitol, which is also spelled with a C."},{"startTime":3888.251,"endTime":3889.452,"body":"Not by me, it isn't."},{"startTime":3889.752,"endTime":3890.72,"body":"And you know, I'm quite a"},{"startTime":3890.72,"endTime":3891.787,"body":"stickler for good spelling."},{"startTime":3892.788,"endTime":3894.123,"body":"But in any case,"},{"startTime":3894.724,"endTime":3895.858,"body":"the next, therefore Xlear with an"},{"startTime":3895.858,"endTime":3897.493,"body":"X, therefore Xlear with an X throughout"},{"startTime":3897.526,"endTime":3899.328,"body":"history improvements in sanitation and"},{"startTime":3899.328,"endTime":3901.364,"body":"hygiene have led to huge impacts on human"},{"startTime":3901.364,"endTime":3904.133,"body":"longevity and quality of life, more so"},{"startTime":3904.133,"endTime":3905.568,"body":"than traditional medical advances."},{"startTime":3906.035,"endTime":3907.403,"body":"For instance, when doctors started to"},{"startTime":3907.403,"endTime":3908.938,"body":"wash their hands between handling"},{"startTime":3908.938,"endTime":3910.506,"body":"cadavers and helping women give birth,"},{"startTime":3910.506,"endTime":3911.04,"body":"the rate of maternal"},{"startTime":3911.04,"endTime":3912.408,"body":"deaths went way down."},{"startTime":3913.376,"endTime":3914.977,"body":"Everything polluted air, drinking tainted"},{"startTime":3914.977,"endTime":3916.746,"body":"water have hugely negative effects on"},{"startTime":3916.746,"endTime":3918.381,"body":"human health, clean up the air and water"},{"startTime":3918.381,"endTime":3919.282,"body":"and people get healthier."},{"startTime":3920.449,"endTime":3921.25,"body":"Nasal hygiene often"},{"startTime":3921.25,"endTime":3922.451,"body":"gets overlooked, though."},{"startTime":3923.953,"endTime":3925.688,"body":"Consider that the majority of bacteria"},{"startTime":3925.688,"endTime":3927.657,"body":"and viruses that make us sick enter"},{"startTime":3927.657,"endTime":3928.524,"body":"through our mouse and"},{"startTime":3928.524,"endTime":3930.226,"body":"mouth and nose, not our mouth."},{"startTime":3931.027,"endTime":3933.262,"body":"It has become a cultural norm to wash our"},{"startTime":3933.262,"endTime":3934.697,"body":"hands in order to help stop the spread of"},{"startTime":3934.697,"endTime":3936.132,"body":"disease from person to person."},{"startTime":3936.432,"endTime":3937.133,"body":"But it's rare to get"},{"startTime":3937.133,"endTime":3938.0,"body":"sick through one's hands."},{"startTime":3938.434,"endTime":3939.135,"body":"Rather, we get sick"},{"startTime":3939.135,"endTime":3940.102,"body":"through our mouth and our nose."},{"startTime":3940.336,"endTime":3942.004,"body":"Thus, it makes sense that we should be"},{"startTime":3942.004,"endTime":3943.739,"body":"using something that we know blocks"},{"startTime":3943.739,"endTime":3946.008,"body":"bacterial and viral adhesion in the nose."},{"startTime":3947.009,"endTime":3947.476,"body":"Enter Xlear."},{"startTime":3948.21,"endTime":3949.412,"body":"Xlear is a nasal spray that contains"},{"startTime":3949.412,"endTime":3952.014,"body":"xylitol, a five carbon sugar alcohol that"},{"startTime":3952.014,"endTime":3953.816,"body":"our bodies naturally contain in the form"},{"startTime":3953.816,"endTime":3957.32,"body":"of five carbon sugars in ribose and"},{"startTime":3957.32,"endTime":3959.455,"body":"deoxyribose, which are the backbones of"},{"startTime":3959.455,"endTime":3961.023,"body":"RNA and DNA, respectively."},{"startTime":3961.724,"endTime":3963.859,"body":"While most of our dietary sugars have six"},{"startTime":3963.859,"endTime":3964.86,"body":"carbons, sugars like"},{"startTime":3964.86,"endTime":3966.028,"body":"glucose and fructose."},{"startTime":3967.33,"endTime":3968.731,"body":"I got all of the"},{"startTime":3968.731,"endTime":3970.366,"body":"emphasis wrong in that sentence."},{"startTime":3970.666,"endTime":3973.436,"body":"You know what I'm trying to tell you"},{"startTime":3973.436,"endTime":3974.537,"body":"because you've been paying attention."},{"startTime":3975.137,"endTime":3975.705,"body":"Enter Xlear."},{"startTime":3975.938,"endTime":3976.672,"body":"Xlear is a nasal spray"},{"startTime":3976.672,"endTime":3977.974,"body":"that contains xylitol."},{"startTime":3977.974,"endTime":3978.774,"body":"Did I just say that?"},{"startTime":3981.043,"endTime":3982.011,"body":"Xylitol is known to..."},{"startTime":3983.312,"endTime":3987.216,"body":"You know your mic is on as you're"},{"startTime":3987.216,"endTime":3988.718,"body":"laughing at me, your husband."},{"startTime":3990.119,"endTime":3992.021,"body":"Xylitol is known to reduce how sticky"},{"startTime":3992.021,"endTime":3994.056,"body":"bacteria and viruses are to our tissues"},{"startTime":3994.056,"endTime":3995.992,"body":"in the presence of xylitol, bacteria and"},{"startTime":3995.992,"endTime":3998.461,"body":"viruses, including strep, SARS-CoV-2 and"},{"startTime":3998.461,"endTime":4001.664,"body":"RSV, don't adhere to our airways as well,"},{"startTime":4002.331,"endTime":4003.899,"body":"which helps our bodies natural defense"},{"startTime":4003.899,"endTime":4005.901,"body":"mechanisms easily flush them away."},{"startTime":4006.569,"endTime":4008.104,"body":"Xlear is a simple nasal spray that you"},{"startTime":4008.104,"endTime":4009.138,"body":"use morning and evening."},{"startTime":4009.405,"endTime":4010.706,"body":"It takes just three seconds."},{"startTime":4010.706,"endTime":4011.173,"body":"It's fast."},{"startTime":4011.374,"endTime":4012.908,"body":"It's easy and decidedly healthy."},{"startTime":4013.809,"endTime":4015.745,"body":"If any of this sounds familiar, perhaps"},{"startTime":4015.745,"endTime":4017.279,"body":"you listened to my conversation with"},{"startTime":4017.279,"endTime":4019.348,"body":"Nathan Jones, founder of Xlear, on the"},{"startTime":4019.348,"endTime":4021.917,"body":"Inside Rail in November of 2024, or my"},{"startTime":4021.917,"endTime":4023.686,"body":"conversation with Nate's father, Lon"},{"startTime":4023.686,"endTime":4025.788,"body":"Jones, osteopath and inventor of Xlear,"},{"startTime":4026.188,"endTime":4028.19,"body":"on how xylitol interacts with respiratory"},{"startTime":4028.324,"endTime":4030.092,"body":"viruses in May of 2025."},{"startTime":4030.626,"endTime":4032.495,"body":"We recommend those conversations and we"},{"startTime":4032.495,"endTime":4034.897,"body":"highly recommend Xlear as a daily habit"},{"startTime":4034.897,"endTime":4035.865,"body":"and a prophylactic"},{"startTime":4035.865,"endTime":4037.166,"body":"against respiratory illnesses."},{"startTime":4037.4,"endTime":4039.502,"body":"That's Xlear with an X."},{"startTime":4039.835,"endTime":4041.537,"body":"X-L-E-A-R."},{"startTime":4041.837,"endTime":4044.206,"body":"Get Xlear online or at your pharmacy,"},{"startTime":4044.206,"endTime":4045.908,"body":"grocery store or natural products"},{"startTime":4045.908,"endTime":4048.444,"body":"retailer and start taking six seconds a"},{"startTime":4048.444,"endTime":4050.246,"body":"day to improve your nasal hygiene and"},{"startTime":4050.246,"endTime":4051.614,"body":"support your respiratory health."},{"startTime":4053.115,"endTime":4053.349,"body":"You're done."},{"startTime":4053.649,"endTime":4057.553,"body":"I am with that somewhat fraught ad read."},{"startTime":4058.754,"endTime":4059.488,"body":"I didn't find it fraught."},{"startTime":4059.889,"endTime":4061.023,"body":"I was enjoying it."},{"startTime":4061.323,"endTime":4062.691,"body":"My blood pressure is coming down though."},{"startTime":4062.691,"endTime":4063.125,"body":"I'm all right."},{"startTime":4064.794,"endTime":4066.429,"body":"Our second sponsor this week is Caraway,"},{"startTime":4066.829,"endTime":4068.531,"body":"which makes high quality, non-toxic"},{"startTime":4068.531,"endTime":4069.799,"body":"cookware and bakeware."},{"startTime":4070.466,"endTime":4071.734,"body":"Maybe you've made New Year's resolutions"},{"startTime":4071.734,"endTime":4073.135,"body":"to eat better or cook more,"},{"startTime":4073.135,"endTime":4074.403,"body":"decrease your exposure to toxins."},{"startTime":4074.87,"endTime":4075.738,"body":"You can do all three at"},{"startTime":4075.738,"endTime":4076.806,"body":"once by cooking with Caraway."},{"startTime":4077.373,"endTime":4078.874,"body":"We're in the cold season now, a time for"},{"startTime":4078.874,"endTime":4080.943,"body":"warming soups and stews, big braised,"},{"startTime":4080.943,"endTime":4082.111,"body":"slow-cooked cuts of meat"},{"startTime":4082.111,"endTime":4083.312,"body":"and roasted root vegetables."},{"startTime":4083.946,"endTime":4085.714,"body":"How about some nice and chewy almond"},{"startTime":4085.714,"endTime":4087.049,"body":"cranberry muffins as a treat?"},{"startTime":4087.483,"endTime":4089.051,"body":"With Caraway, all of this deliciousness"},{"startTime":4089.051,"endTime":4090.686,"body":"from roasting to baking from a quick"},{"startTime":4090.686,"endTime":4092.354,"body":"omelet cooked on the stovetop to a long"},{"startTime":4092.354,"endTime":4094.39,"body":"simmered soup is easy to accomplish."},{"startTime":4095.09,"endTime":4096.158,"body":"Caraway's cookware and bakeware is"},{"startTime":4096.158,"endTime":4096.959,"body":"functional, beautiful,"},{"startTime":4097.226,"endTime":4098.427,"body":"non-toxic and easy to clean."},{"startTime":4098.961,"endTime":4099.695,"body":"What more could you want?"},{"startTime":4100.563,"endTime":4102.631,"body":"Modern life is full of hazards, not least"},{"startTime":4102.631,"endTime":4103.666,"body":"the non-stick coatings"},{"startTime":4103.666,"endTime":4104.967,"body":"on cookware and bakeware."},{"startTime":4105.401,"endTime":4107.069,"body":"We threw out all of our Teflon cookware"},{"startTime":4107.069,"endTime":4109.305,"body":"decades ago because Teflon is toxic."},{"startTime":4109.371,"endTime":4111.54,"body":"Yet over 70% of cookware in the United"},{"startTime":4111.54,"endTime":4114.009,"body":"States is made with Teflon, and 97% of"},{"startTime":4114.009,"endTime":4115.811,"body":"Americans have toxic chemicals from"},{"startTime":4115.811,"endTime":4117.146,"body":"non-stick cookware in their blood."},{"startTime":4117.68,"endTime":4119.215,"body":"When you cook with Teflon, it only takes"},{"startTime":4119.215,"endTime":4120.583,"body":"two and a half minutes for a pan to get"},{"startTime":4120.583,"endTime":4123.052,"body":"hot enough to start releasing toxins."},{"startTime":4124.153,"endTime":4124.987,"body":"Enter Caraway."},{"startTime":4125.387,"endTime":4125.721,"body":"Caraway."},{"startTime":4128.491,"endTime":4129.692,"body":"I feel like you're sitting there waiting"},{"startTime":4129.692,"endTime":4130.993,"body":"for me to say something ridiculous."},{"startTime":4131.293,"endTime":4134.463,"body":"No, I am literally rooting for you."},{"startTime":4134.497,"endTime":4136.398,"body":"I know how difficult this reading stuff"},{"startTime":4136.398,"endTime":4138.834,"body":"can be, and I'm here for you."},{"startTime":4144.006,"endTime":4145.207,"body":"It's going to be a day, isn't it?"},{"startTime":4145.708,"endTime":4145.908,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":4146.075,"endTime":4147.643,"body":"Yes, Wednesday it turns out."},{"startTime":4147.643,"endTime":4148.711,"body":"Yeah, as it turns out, yes."},{"startTime":4149.378,"endTime":4150.112,"body":"Enter Caraway."},{"startTime":4150.379,"endTime":4153.015,"body":"Caraway kitchenware is crafted with"},{"startTime":4153.015,"endTime":4155.184,"body":"sustainable non-toxic materials like FSC"},{"startTime":4155.184,"endTime":4157.186,"body":"certified birchwood, premium stainless"},{"startTime":4157.186,"endTime":4159.388,"body":"steel, enamel cast iron, and naturally"},{"startTime":4159.388,"endTime":4160.589,"body":"slick ceramic to help you"},{"startTime":4160.589,"endTime":4162.324,"body":"create a safer, healthier home."},{"startTime":4163.392,"endTime":4164.827,"body":"Caraway makes several lines of non-toxic"},{"startTime":4164.827,"endTime":4166.662,"body":"cookware and bakeware, our favorites of"},{"startTime":4166.662,"endTime":4167.563,"body":"their stainless steel line"},{"startTime":4167.563,"endTime":4168.764,"body":"and their enamel cast iron."},{"startTime":4170.065,"endTime":4171.367,"body":"All of Caraway's products are free from"},{"startTime":4171.367,"endTime":4172.935,"body":"forever chemicals, and their enamel cast"},{"startTime":4172.935,"endTime":4173.836,"body":"iron is offered in six"},{"startTime":4173.836,"endTime":4175.07,"body":"stylish and beautiful colors."},{"startTime":4175.671,"endTime":4177.172,"body":"These pots are strong and highly scratch"},{"startTime":4177.172,"endTime":4178.941,"body":"resistant for the last generations."},{"startTime":4179.975,"endTime":4181.41,"body":"Caraway also offers butcher blocks to cut"},{"startTime":4181.41,"endTime":4183.379,"body":"on, glass lids for non-toxic cooking with"},{"startTime":4183.379,"endTime":4185.314,"body":"a view, and a new bar set, which is"},{"startTime":4185.314,"endTime":4185.948,"body":"crafted from rust"},{"startTime":4185.948,"endTime":4187.65,"body":"resistant 304 stainless steel."},{"startTime":4188.25,"endTime":4189.952,"body":"Working with Caraway, and now Zach, our"},{"startTime":4189.952,"endTime":4191.12,"body":"elder son, is two in his"},{"startTime":4191.12,"endTime":4191.954,"body":"first college apartment."},{"startTime":4192.421,"endTime":4193.856,"body":"He says it's amazing, which we know to be"},{"startTime":4193.856,"endTime":4195.424,"body":"true, and we know that he will be cooking"},{"startTime":4195.424,"endTime":4196.992,"body":"with it for a long time to come."},{"startTime":4197.793,"endTime":4198.627,"body":"Caraway's cookware set is"},{"startTime":4198.627,"endTime":4199.528,"body":"a favorite for a reason."},{"startTime":4199.929,"endTime":4202.164,"body":"It can save you up to $190 versus buying"},{"startTime":4202.164,"endTime":4203.165,"body":"the items individually."},{"startTime":4203.165,"endTime":4203.365,"body":"Plus,"},{"startTime":4204.433,"endTime":4207.703,"body":"if you visit carawayhome.com slash DH10,"},{"startTime":4208.237,"endTime":4209.138,"body":"you can take an additional"},{"startTime":4209.138,"endTime":4210.573,"body":"10% off your next purchase."},{"startTime":4211.106,"endTime":4212.708,"body":"This deal is exclusive for our listeners,"},{"startTime":4212.708,"endTime":4215.911,"body":"so visit carawayhome.com slash DH10 or"},{"startTime":4215.911,"endTime":4217.546,"body":"use code DH10 at checkout."},{"startTime":4218.113,"endTime":4218.347,"body":"Caraway."},{"startTime":4219.148,"endTime":4221.083,"body":"Non-toxic kitchenware made modern."},{"startTime":4223.319,"endTime":4225.321,"body":"Our final sponsor."},{"startTime":4225.788,"endTime":4225.988,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":4225.988,"endTime":4226.188,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":4226.455,"endTime":4226.956,"body":"Also excellent."},{"startTime":4227.256,"endTime":4228.557,"body":"But yes, the Caraway cookware."},{"startTime":4228.891,"endTime":4229.158,"body":"Caraway is excellent."},{"startTime":4229.758,"endTime":4232.728,"body":"I have not found a use, a way to combine"},{"startTime":4232.728,"endTime":4235.064,"body":"Masa Chips with Caraway,"},{"startTime":4235.364,"endTime":4236.732,"body":"but there's probably a way."},{"startTime":4237.166,"endTime":4237.866,"body":"Oh, there are ways."},{"startTime":4238.4,"endTime":4238.601,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4238.834,"endTime":4239.068,"body":"Oh, I guess."},{"startTime":4239.401,"endTime":4241.103,"body":"I mean, tortilla soup."},{"startTime":4241.503,"endTime":4241.804,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4242.071,"endTime":4242.538,"body":"Right there."},{"startTime":4242.838,"endTime":4243.038,"body":"Boom."},{"startTime":4243.272,"endTime":4243.672,"body":"Nailed it."},{"startTime":4243.872,"endTime":4246.475,"body":"But you don't use chips for that."},{"startTime":4248.51,"endTime":4249.378,"body":"You can use chips for that."},{"startTime":4251.614,"endTime":4252.715,"body":"I would never."},{"startTime":4252.948,"endTime":4254.65,"body":"We've added Masa Chips such as these."},{"startTime":4254.85,"endTime":4258.921,"body":"These are Cobaneros as a crunchy topping"},{"startTime":4258.921,"endTime":4261.59,"body":"on a Latin American inspired chicken"},{"startTime":4261.59,"endTime":4262.491,"body":"soup, but that's"},{"startTime":4262.491,"endTime":4263.525,"body":"separate from a tortilla soup."},{"startTime":4264.126,"endTime":4265.06,"body":"Anyway, Caraway's awesome."},{"startTime":4265.861,"endTime":4266.595,"body":"Masa Chips are awesome."},{"startTime":4266.795,"endTime":4267.73,"body":"And they are our final"},{"startTime":4267.73,"endTime":4269.331,"body":"sponsor for the week."},{"startTime":4270.266,"endTime":4271.333,"body":"Man, are these chips good."},{"startTime":4271.834,"endTime":4273.769,"body":"Masa makes ridiculously delicious chips"},{"startTime":4273.769,"endTime":4274.87,"body":"with only three simple,"},{"startTime":4274.87,"endTime":4275.738,"body":"real, whole ingredients."},{"startTime":4276.772,"endTime":4279.074,"body":"I say that for the simple ones."},{"startTime":4279.608,"endTime":4281.076,"body":"For these Cobanero, they"},{"startTime":4281.076,"endTime":4284.013,"body":"have some additional flavors."},{"startTime":4284.38,"endTime":4285.547,"body":"They have some additional ingredients."},{"startTime":4285.547,"endTime":4288.217,"body":"Onion, paprika, lime, tomato, garlic,"},{"startTime":4288.417,"endTime":4289.385,"body":"Chipotle, Cobanero,"},{"startTime":4289.585,"endTime":4290.586,"body":"Ancho, and Habanero chili."},{"startTime":4290.886,"endTime":4292.888,"body":"So they have a few additional real"},{"startTime":4292.888,"endTime":4294.623,"body":"ingredients in the super"},{"startTime":4294.623,"endTime":4295.824,"body":"fantastic flavored ones."},{"startTime":4295.824,"endTime":4297.393,"body":"But in the simple and the yellow, the"},{"startTime":4297.393,"endTime":4299.028,"body":"original and the white and the blue, it's"},{"startTime":4299.028,"endTime":4302.531,"body":"just organic nixtamalized corn, sea salt,"},{"startTime":4302.531,"endTime":4305.034,"body":"100% grass-fed beef tallow."},{"startTime":4305.834,"endTime":4308.037,"body":"No crazy industrial seed oils here."},{"startTime":4308.737,"endTime":4310.005,"body":"Masa Chips are made the way that all of"},{"startTime":4310.005,"endTime":4311.106,"body":"our food used to be made."},{"startTime":4311.106,"endTime":4312.241,"body":"They're fried in 100% beef"},{"startTime":4312.241,"endTime":4313.676,"body":"tallow, no seed oils ever."},{"startTime":4313.909,"endTime":4314.977,"body":"You can taste the difference and your"},{"startTime":4314.977,"endTime":4316.412,"body":"body can feel the difference."},{"startTime":4318.414,"endTime":4319.214,"body":"Where am I?"},{"startTime":4319.348,"endTime":4319.748,"body":"There we go."},{"startTime":4320.049,"endTime":4321.25,"body":"America's South is declining fast."},{"startTime":4321.75,"endTime":4323.152,"body":"Chronic illnesses, obesity, autoimmune"},{"startTime":4323.152,"endTime":4324.353,"body":"diseases have exploded."},{"startTime":4324.353,"endTime":4324.887,"body":"What changed?"},{"startTime":4325.554,"endTime":4327.69,"body":"One thing among many that changed is that"},{"startTime":4327.69,"endTime":4328.791,"body":"all chips and fries used"},{"startTime":4328.791,"endTime":4329.692,"body":"to be cooked in tallow."},{"startTime":4330.025,"endTime":4331.827,"body":"But in the 1990s, corporations switched"},{"startTime":4331.827,"endTime":4333.529,"body":"to cheaper seed oils, which include"},{"startTime":4333.529,"endTime":4335.464,"body":"soybean, canola, sunflower, and corn."},{"startTime":4336.065,"endTime":4337.232,"body":"Seed oils are often labeled vegetable"},{"startTime":4337.232,"endTime":4338.801,"body":"oils, as if that makes them healthy."},{"startTime":4339.201,"endTime":4340.469,"body":"While in fact, seed oils are linked to"},{"startTime":4340.469,"endTime":4341.87,"body":"metabolic health issues and inflammation."},{"startTime":4342.337,"endTime":4344.807,"body":"And today, seed oils make up 20% of the"},{"startTime":4344.807,"endTime":4346.275,"body":"average American's daily calories."},{"startTime":4346.909,"endTime":4348.811,"body":"Big food companies also use, of course,"},{"startTime":4348.811,"endTime":4349.545,"body":"artificial dyes,"},{"startTime":4349.845,"endTime":4351.046,"body":"stabilizers, and other toxins."},{"startTime":4351.847,"endTime":4352.448,"body":"Masa Chips though?"},{"startTime":4352.915,"endTime":4353.182,"body":"Never."},{"startTime":4353.582,"endTime":4354.717,"body":"No seed oils, artificial"},{"startTime":4354.717,"endTime":4355.984,"body":"dyes, or additives ever."},{"startTime":4356.885,"endTime":4358.854,"body":"Beef tallow is nutrient rich, nourishing,"},{"startTime":4358.854,"endTime":4360.189,"body":"and makes food taste incredible."},{"startTime":4360.989,"endTime":4362.358,"body":"Masa Chips are crunchy and delicious, and"},{"startTime":4362.358,"endTime":4363.692,"body":"after you eat them, you feel satisfied,"},{"startTime":4363.926,"endTime":4365.227,"body":"satiated, and energetic."},{"startTime":4365.961,"endTime":4367.596,"body":"Masa also supports American farms and"},{"startTime":4367.596,"endTime":4368.664,"body":"regenerative agriculture."},{"startTime":4369.732,"endTime":4371.633,"body":"Choosing real food heals us, and our"},{"startTime":4371.633,"endTime":4372.935,"body":"environment, which in turn"},{"startTime":4372.935,"endTime":4374.203,"body":"makes us even more healthy."},{"startTime":4374.97,"endTime":4376.572,"body":"Try Masa Chips with salsa, or goat"},{"startTime":4376.572,"endTime":4378.006,"body":"cheese, or a spicy pepper jam."},{"startTime":4378.707,"endTime":4380.142,"body":"Smother them in beans and cheese, or just"},{"startTime":4380.142,"endTime":4381.21,"body":"eat them straight out of the bag."},{"startTime":4381.21,"endTime":4381.844,"body":"They're all delicious."},{"startTime":4382.211,"endTime":4383.445,"body":"At the moment, my favorites are their"},{"startTime":4383.445,"endTime":4385.08,"body":"white chips, made from heirloom organic"},{"startTime":4385.08,"endTime":4386.915,"body":"white corn, which gives a particularly"},{"startTime":4386.915,"endTime":4388.083,"body":"light and flaky texture."},{"startTime":4388.65,"endTime":4390.319,"body":"I also love Masa's blue chips, which have"},{"startTime":4390.319,"endTime":4391.153,"body":"a deeper, nuttier"},{"startTime":4391.153,"endTime":4392.354,"body":"flavor and a serious crunch."},{"startTime":4392.955,"endTime":4394.723,"body":"You love lime, you said last time."},{"startTime":4395.124,"endTime":4395.591,"body":"So good."},{"startTime":4395.891,"endTime":4396.191,"body":"So good."},{"startTime":4396.759,"endTime":4398.026,"body":"Although, having heard the ingredient"},{"startTime":4398.026,"endTime":4400.028,"body":"list on this one, I'm inclined to, you"},{"startTime":4400.028,"endTime":4402.464,"body":"know, see how the other, not in the"},{"startTime":4402.464,"endTime":4404.266,"body":"crunching, be destructive."},{"startTime":4404.733,"endTime":4405.067,"body":"Yeah, and then we're going"},{"startTime":4405.067,"endTime":4406.535,"body":"to put corn in our teeth."},{"startTime":4406.869,"endTime":4407.369,"body":"No, no, no."},{"startTime":4407.369,"endTime":4408.203,"body":"It's a mistake."},{"startTime":4408.203,"endTime":4408.871,"body":"We can both see it."},{"startTime":4408.871,"endTime":4409.872,"body":"That's wisdom right there."},{"startTime":4410.773,"endTime":4411.473,"body":"Podcasting wisdom."},{"startTime":4411.74,"endTime":4412.374,"body":"Easy earned wisdom."},{"startTime":4413.709,"endTime":4413.776,"body":"Fair enough."},{"startTime":4414.309,"endTime":4416.178,"body":"And they've also got, in addition to"},{"startTime":4416.178,"endTime":4418.08,"body":"everything I just mentioned, Hatch Chili."},{"startTime":4420.516,"endTime":4421.85,"body":"I mentioned most of them already, and"},{"startTime":4421.85,"endTime":4423.085,"body":"Churro, which has cinnamon."},{"startTime":4424.052,"endTime":4425.487,"body":"Ready to give Masa a try?"},{"startTime":4425.487,"endTime":4428.023,"body":"Go to masachips.com slash DarkHorse and"},{"startTime":4428.023,"endTime":4429.124,"body":"use code DarkHorse for"},{"startTime":4429.124,"endTime":4430.526,"body":"20% off your first order."},{"startTime":4430.526,"endTime":4432.761,"body":"That's masachips.com slash DarkHorse and"},{"startTime":4432.761,"endTime":4433.762,"body":"code DarkHorse for"},{"startTime":4433.762,"endTime":4435.664,"body":"25% off your first order."},{"startTime":4436.231,"endTime":4437.132,"body":"And if you don't feel like ordering"},{"startTime":4437.132,"endTime":4439.468,"body":"online, Masa is now available at"},{"startTime":4439.468,"endTime":4441.336,"body":"nationwide at Sprout Supermarkets stop by"},{"startTime":4441.336,"endTime":4443.071,"body":"and pick up a bag before they're gone."},{"startTime":4444.173,"endTime":4444.606,"body":"They're so good."},{"startTime":4444.94,"endTime":4445.407,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":4445.407,"endTime":4446.775,"body":"Well, we know they won't be on"},{"startTime":4446.775,"endTime":4447.643,"body":"before the end of the podcast."},{"startTime":4447.843,"endTime":4449.011,"body":"It's not even opening them."},{"startTime":4450.646,"endTime":4450.946,"body":"I know."},{"startTime":4451.146,"endTime":4451.947,"body":"These aren't out Sprouts."},{"startTime":4452.347,"endTime":4452.648,"body":"Sprouts."},{"startTime":4452.648,"endTime":4453.248,"body":"These are here."},{"startTime":4453.248,"endTime":4453.449,"body":"Not anymore."},{"startTime":4453.549,"endTime":4453.749,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":4454.116,"endTime":4454.383,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":4455.317,"endTime":4460.622,"body":"So I am hoping that you will present the"},{"startTime":4460.622,"endTime":4464.893,"body":"work that you were telling me about as a"},{"startTime":4464.893,"endTime":4468.664,"body":"context for discussing what's going on in"},{"startTime":4468.664,"endTime":4471.867,"body":"Minnesota, which I take these to be two"},{"startTime":4471.867,"endTime":4473.402,"body":"sides of the same coin."},{"startTime":4474.002,"endTime":4474.203,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":4475.471,"endTime":4480.576,"body":"And sort of somewhat prompted by some of"},{"startTime":4480.576,"endTime":4483.312,"body":"what we were talking about last week when"},{"startTime":4483.312,"endTime":4485.848,"body":"I suggested that the neuroticism on full"},{"startTime":4485.848,"endTime":4488.684,"body":"display in the Atlantic's predictive"},{"startTime":4488.684,"endTime":4490.686,"body":"issue from two years ago about what would"},{"startTime":4490.686,"endTime":4493.589,"body":"happen if Trump won again was more"},{"startTime":4493.589,"endTime":4496.625,"body":"indicative of personality traits of the"},{"startTime":4496.625,"endTime":4498.927,"body":"people experiencing the neurosis than an"},{"startTime":4498.927,"endTime":4499.995,"body":"honest indicator of what was"},{"startTime":4499.995,"endTime":4501.129,"body":"going on in the outside world."},{"startTime":4503.632,"endTime":4507.035,"body":"I was fed by various algorithms because I"},{"startTime":4507.035,"endTime":4508.337,"body":"was talking about that last week, a"},{"startTime":4508.337,"endTime":4511.507,"body":"number of things related to sex"},{"startTime":4511.507,"endTime":4512.074,"body":"differences and"},{"startTime":4512.074,"endTime":4513.308,"body":"personality traits this week,"},{"startTime":4514.409,"endTime":4517.913,"body":"including from the hat tip goes to a guy"},{"startTime":4517.913,"endTime":4519.014,"body":"named Joaquin Marias."},{"startTime":4519.815,"endTime":4521.183,"body":"Apologies if I'm butchering your name."},{"startTime":4521.817,"endTime":4525.32,"body":"An ex who linked to a paper that came out"},{"startTime":4525.32,"endTime":4527.689,"body":"in 2006 in Nature, so this is not a new"},{"startTime":4527.689,"endTime":4529.124,"body":"paper, this is 20 years old, although"},{"startTime":4529.124,"endTime":4530.025,"body":"that still seems new,"},{"startTime":4531.293,"endTime":4535.13,"body":"by Singer et al. called \"Impathic neural"},{"startTime":4535.13,"endTime":4537.099,"body":"responses are modulated by the perceived"},{"startTime":4537.099,"endTime":4538.1,"body":"fairness of others.\""},{"startTime":4539.067,"endTime":4541.803,"body":"Now that title, to my mind, kind of"},{"startTime":4541.803,"endTime":4543.071,"body":"buries the lead because it doesn't"},{"startTime":4543.071,"endTime":4545.307,"body":"mention anything about sex differences in"},{"startTime":4545.307,"endTime":4549.177,"body":"empathy, and that is indeed what a large"},{"startTime":4549.177,"endTime":4550.946,"body":"part of the research finds."},{"startTime":4551.346,"endTime":4552.948,"body":"I'm just going to describe it and then"},{"startTime":4552.948,"endTime":4554.616,"body":"I'll share a little bit from the paper"},{"startTime":4554.616,"endTime":4556.351,"body":"and then we can talk about it."},{"startTime":4557.552,"endTime":4559.154,"body":"There's a small n in this paper, it's"},{"startTime":4559.154,"endTime":4563.458,"body":"only 16 people, so take that as it is and"},{"startTime":4563.458,"endTime":4565.093,"body":"know that it would be great to have this"},{"startTime":4565.093,"endTime":4566.028,"body":"research replicated."},{"startTime":4567.129,"endTime":4570.832,"body":"There is nothing that I find in the last"},{"startTime":4570.832,"endTime":4572.701,"body":"20 years that says, \"Eh, they"},{"startTime":4572.701,"endTime":4573.835,"body":"screwed it up, it's not right,"},{"startTime":4575.07,"endTime":4576.638,"body":"failed to replicate, none of that, I'd"},{"startTime":4576.638,"endTime":4577.406,"body":"like to see it replicated.\""},{"startTime":4577.906,"endTime":4582.21,"body":"But low end, and of 16, eight men, eight"},{"startTime":4582.21,"endTime":4585.113,"body":"women as in subjects, it's got a really"},{"startTime":4585.113,"endTime":4587.249,"body":"good experimental design in which the"},{"startTime":4587.249,"endTime":4589.785,"body":"researchers first established empathy"},{"startTime":4589.785,"endTime":4591.787,"body":"responses to people, that is the"},{"startTime":4591.787,"endTime":4594.79,"body":"Confederates in the research playing a"},{"startTime":4594.79,"endTime":4596.291,"body":"classic game, that is prisoner's dilemma,"},{"startTime":4596.992,"endTime":4597.859,"body":"in which they can either"},{"startTime":4597.859,"endTime":4599.461,"body":"be fair or unfair to others."},{"startTime":4601.029,"endTime":4604.633,"body":"And when the subjects, the eight men and"},{"startTime":4604.633,"endTime":4608.07,"body":"eight women, observed the Confederates,"},{"startTime":4608.07,"endTime":4609.738,"body":"who they did not know were Confederates,"},{"startTime":4609.738,"endTime":4611.473,"body":"playing a prisoner's dilemma game in"},{"startTime":4611.473,"endTime":4613.175,"body":"which the Confederates are either fair or"},{"startTime":4613.175,"endTime":4615.811,"body":"unfair to others, every one of the"},{"startTime":4615.811,"endTime":4618.347,"body":"subjects in the experiment agreed that"},{"startTime":4618.347,"endTime":4620.415,"body":"the fair player was more fair, the unfair"},{"startTime":4620.415,"endTime":4622.284,"body":"player was more unfair, and associated"},{"startTime":4622.284,"endTime":4624.286,"body":"with fairness they also attributed other"},{"startTime":4624.286,"endTime":4626.521,"body":"personality traits like agreeableness,"},{"startTime":4626.989,"endTime":4628.59,"body":"likability, and actually attractiveness."},{"startTime":4629.191,"endTime":4631.326,"body":"The subjects of the experiment attributed"},{"startTime":4631.326,"endTime":4634.596,"body":"these things as a result of the"},{"startTime":4634.596,"endTime":4635.964,"body":"experience of fairness or"},{"startTime":4635.964,"endTime":4636.965,"body":"unfairness, is that what you..."},{"startTime":4637.766,"endTime":4639.968,"body":"They are watching Confederates engage in"},{"startTime":4639.968,"endTime":4640.969,"body":"a prisoner's dilemma game."},{"startTime":4640.969,"endTime":4641.703,"body":"Ah, got it, got it."},{"startTime":4641.703,"endTime":4641.903,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":4642.571,"endTime":4644.673,"body":"And I was actually just trying to"},{"startTime":4644.673,"endTime":4646.241,"body":"describe this to Toby, our younger son,"},{"startTime":4646.241,"endTime":4647.743,"body":"when he called me a couple hours ago, and"},{"startTime":4647.743,"endTime":4649.845,"body":"it is a little bit difficult because"},{"startTime":4649.845,"endTime":4650.545,"body":"there are too many"},{"startTime":4650.545,"endTime":4652.114,"body":"things involved, right?"},{"startTime":4654.182,"endTime":4656.385,"body":"But the Confederates have been, are"},{"startTime":4656.385,"endTime":4658.487,"body":"actors who have been hired by the"},{"startTime":4658.487,"endTime":4661.189,"body":"researchers to act as if they are just"},{"startTime":4661.189,"endTime":4664.693,"body":"interacting in a game theoretic"},{"startTime":4664.693,"endTime":4666.995,"body":"situation, prisoner's dilemma, and they"},{"startTime":4666.995,"endTime":4667.996,"body":"either act fairly or"},{"startTime":4667.996,"endTime":4669.531,"body":"unfairly to other Confederates."},{"startTime":4670.465,"endTime":4672.234,"body":"The subjects of the experiment, who don't"},{"startTime":4672.234,"endTime":4673.869,"body":"know that they necessarily, they are"},{"startTime":4673.869,"endTime":4675.904,"body":"watching people who are acting,"},{"startTime":4677.406,"endTime":4677.873,"body":"accurately assess..."},{"startTime":4677.873,"endTime":4679.107,"body":"In fact, they specifically don't know."},{"startTime":4679.274,"endTime":4679.474,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":4680.575,"endTime":4682.11,"body":"They assess 100% of the time when"},{"startTime":4682.11,"endTime":4684.112,"body":"fairness has happened and when unfairness"},{"startTime":4684.112,"endTime":4686.715,"body":"has happened, and 100% of the time also"},{"startTime":4686.715,"endTime":4688.717,"body":"attribute to those who have behaved"},{"startTime":4688.717,"endTime":4691.153,"body":"fairly bigger psychological personality"},{"startTime":4691.153,"endTime":4693.789,"body":"traits like agreeableness,"},{"startTime":4694.189,"endTime":4695.357,"body":"likability, and attractiveness."},{"startTime":4696.024,"endTime":4696.191,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":4696.191,"endTime":4697.793,"body":"So that's sort of, that's the first thing"},{"startTime":4697.793,"endTime":4699.394,"body":"that these authors did, these researchers"},{"startTime":4699.594,"endTime":4700.429,"body":"did, Singer et al."},{"startTime":4700.929,"endTime":4701.963,"body":"published back in 2006."},{"startTime":4703.265,"endTime":4707.969,"body":"Then the experimenters expose everyone to"},{"startTime":4707.969,"endTime":4711.006,"body":"physical pain and monitor the responses"},{"startTime":4711.006,"endTime":4714.276,"body":"of the subjects, both men and women, to"},{"startTime":4714.276,"endTime":4715.644,"body":"seeing these people that they have"},{"startTime":4715.644,"endTime":4717.913,"body":"previously identified as fair versus"},{"startTime":4717.913,"endTime":4719.414,"body":"unfair to physical pain."},{"startTime":4720.849,"endTime":4723.452,"body":"And they do this not just by asking them,"},{"startTime":4723.452,"endTime":4724.319,"body":"you know, what do you think?"},{"startTime":4724.319,"endTime":4725.787,"body":"But they've got them, there's a bunch of"},{"startTime":4725.787,"endTime":4727.355,"body":"neurological stuff going on that I'm not"},{"startTime":4727.355,"endTime":4728.724,"body":"going to go into the details of because"},{"startTime":4728.724,"endTime":4730.625,"body":"for most people it's not going to, it's"},{"startTime":4730.625,"endTime":4732.294,"body":"not going to track particularly."},{"startTime":4733.895,"endTime":4735.063,"body":"And here's where I'm actually just going"},{"startTime":4735.063,"endTime":4737.532,"body":"to read from the paper what they find."},{"startTime":4738.533,"endTime":4739.801,"body":"Can you in fact see my screen still?"},{"startTime":4740.335,"endTime":4740.969,"body":"That's amazing."},{"startTime":4741.269,"endTime":4742.471,"body":"What a great day it's going to be."},{"startTime":4742.771,"endTime":4743.004,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":4743.004,"endTime":4745.24,"body":"So here's just the paper."},{"startTime":4745.807,"endTime":4747.442,"body":"Empathic neural responses are modulated"},{"startTime":4747.442,"endTime":4748.71,"body":"by the perceived fairness of others."},{"startTime":4749.411,"endTime":4751.313,"body":"I'm going to go down and"},{"startTime":4751.313,"endTime":4752.781,"body":"read just a bit from here."},{"startTime":4754.149,"endTime":4754.983,"body":"Middle of the paper."},{"startTime":4755.951,"endTime":4757.819,"body":"This analysis revealed that less empathic"},{"startTime":4757.819,"endTime":4759.254,"body":"activity was elicited."},{"startTime":4761.123,"endTime":4763.091,"body":"This analysis revealed that less empathic"},{"startTime":4763.091,"endTime":4764.893,"body":"activity was elicited by the knowledge"},{"startTime":4764.893,"endTime":4766.695,"body":"that an unfair player was in pain."},{"startTime":4767.629,"endTime":4769.331,"body":"However, there was also a marked"},{"startTime":4769.331,"endTime":4770.732,"body":"differences between the sexes."},{"startTime":4771.533,"endTime":4773.435,"body":"In women, this reduction in activity was"},{"startTime":4773.435,"endTime":4775.604,"body":"very small, whereas in men, the knowledge"},{"startTime":4775.604,"endTime":4777.472,"body":"that an unfair player was in receipt of"},{"startTime":4777.472,"endTime":4779.407,"body":"pain elicited no increase in empathic"},{"startTime":4779.407,"endTime":4781.643,"body":"activity in Fi, neurological thing."},{"startTime":4782.377,"endTime":4784.346,"body":"And indeed, formal analysis revealed no"},{"startTime":4784.346,"endTime":4786.047,"body":"significant difference for women when"},{"startTime":4786.047,"endTime":4788.116,"body":"comparing painful trials for fair versus"},{"startTime":4788.116,"endTime":4789.184,"body":"unfair players in"},{"startTime":4789.184,"endTime":4790.418,"body":"empathy-related pain regions."},{"startTime":4791.052,"endTime":4792.821,"body":"However, men showed significantly"},{"startTime":4792.821,"endTime":4795.524,"body":"enhanced activation in bilateral F1 when"},{"startTime":4795.524,"endTime":4796.625,"body":"observing fair compared"},{"startTime":4796.625,"endTime":4798.093,"body":"with unfair players in pain."},{"startTime":4798.76,"endTime":4799.995,"body":"Consistent with this finding,"},{"startTime":4799.995,"endTime":4801.63,"body":"supplementary analysis showed that women,"},{"startTime":4801.63,"endTime":4803.298,"body":"but not men, displayed significant"},{"startTime":4803.298,"endTime":4806.368,"body":"activation in bilateral AYF1 and ACC in"},{"startTime":4806.368,"endTime":4807.202,"body":"all three conditions."},{"startTime":4808.537,"endTime":4811.473,"body":"In common parlance without the acronyms"},{"startTime":4811.473,"endTime":4813.141,"body":"associated with neurological regions,"},{"startTime":4815.41,"endTime":4817.913,"body":"having previously assessed that some"},{"startTime":4817.913,"endTime":4819.815,"body":"people act fairly and some people act"},{"startTime":4819.815,"endTime":4823.084,"body":"unfairly, and having generalized those"},{"startTime":4823.084,"endTime":4825.287,"body":"observations of fair versus unfair"},{"startTime":4825.287,"endTime":4828.323,"body":"behavior to bigger personality traits"},{"startTime":4828.323,"endTime":4830.725,"body":"like agreeableness and likability and"},{"startTime":4830.725,"endTime":4831.66,"body":"even attractiveness."},{"startTime":4833.595,"endTime":4836.665,"body":"Men, when they see fair people experience"},{"startTime":4836.665,"endTime":4838.567,"body":"pain, have a rise in empathy."},{"startTime":4839.234,"endTime":4841.703,"body":"And when they see unfair people"},{"startTime":4841.703,"endTime":4843.805,"body":"experience pain, do not."},{"startTime":4845.24,"endTime":4847.609,"body":"Women, when they see fair people"},{"startTime":4847.609,"endTime":4849.811,"body":"experience pain, have a rise in empathy."},{"startTime":4850.512,"endTime":4852.714,"body":"And when they see unfair people"},{"startTime":4852.714,"endTime":4854.416,"body":"experience pain, they"},{"startTime":4854.416,"endTime":4855.817,"body":"also have a rise in empathy."},{"startTime":4856.651,"endTime":4858.954,"body":"So that's the big takeaway here, which is"},{"startTime":4858.954,"endTime":4863.191,"body":"that women respond to people experiencing"},{"startTime":4863.491,"endTime":4866.795,"body":"pain or punishment with an empathetic"},{"startTime":4866.795,"endTime":4870.365,"body":"response regardless of what else they"},{"startTime":4870.365,"endTime":4872.534,"body":"know about that person, regardless of,"},{"startTime":4872.534,"endTime":4874.202,"body":"for instance, whether"},{"startTime":4874.202,"endTime":4875.77,"body":"punishment is justified."},{"startTime":4876.371,"endTime":4878.306,"body":"Whereas men, and this is a small N and"},{"startTime":4878.306,"endTime":4879.507,"body":"there will be exceptions and these are"},{"startTime":4879.507,"endTime":4881.509,"body":"averages and all of the usual caveats"},{"startTime":4881.509,"endTime":4882.611,"body":"apply with regard to"},{"startTime":4882.611,"endTime":4883.812,"body":"population level truths."},{"startTime":4884.613,"endTime":4888.149,"body":"But men have what seems to be the normal"},{"startTime":4888.149,"endTime":4890.886,"body":"and expected response on average, which"},{"startTime":4890.886,"endTime":4893.054,"body":"is that when you see someone who has"},{"startTime":4893.054,"endTime":4897.692,"body":"previously indicated a tendency to cheat,"},{"startTime":4898.66,"endTime":4900.262,"body":"to be unfair, and you"},{"startTime":4900.295,"endTime":4901.93,"body":"see him experiencing pain,"},{"startTime":4903.098,"endTime":4905.5,"body":"you don't tend to have a sense of empathy"},{"startTime":4905.5,"endTime":4908.236,"body":"towards him because it feels justified."},{"startTime":4908.236,"endTime":4909.904,"body":"That last bit is my interpretation"},{"startTime":4909.904,"endTime":4911.473,"body":"because it feels justified."},{"startTime":4911.473,"endTime":4913.041,"body":"Now one thing that the authors say at the"},{"startTime":4913.041,"endTime":4913.908,"body":"very end of the paper,"},{"startTime":4915.877,"endTime":4918.179,"body":"which is just like a little bit of a"},{"startTime":4918.179,"endTime":4921.983,"body":"caveat for the results, is it is possible"},{"startTime":4921.983,"endTime":4923.818,"body":"that our experimental design favored men"},{"startTime":4923.818,"endTime":4925.954,"body":"because the modality of punishment was"},{"startTime":4925.954,"endTime":4928.223,"body":"related to physical threat as opposed to"},{"startTime":4928.223,"endTime":4929.624,"body":"psychological or financial threat."},{"startTime":4930.492,"endTime":4932.36,"body":"But then they also say, \" Alternatively,"},{"startTime":4932.827,"endTime":4934.229,"body":"these findings could indicate a"},{"startTime":4934.229,"endTime":4935.664,"body":"predominant role for males in the"},{"startTime":4935.664,"endTime":4937.432,"body":"maintenance of justice and punishment of"},{"startTime":4937.432,"endTime":4939.534,"body":"norm violation in human societies.\""},{"startTime":4940.368,"endTime":4942.57,"body":"Which is pretty frickin' bold and the"},{"startTime":4942.57,"endTime":4944.506,"body":"fact that they bury the lead in the title"},{"startTime":4944.506,"endTime":4945.907,"body":"of the paper, that you can't tell that"},{"startTime":4945.907,"endTime":4947.342,"body":"this is about sex-based differences at"},{"startTime":4947.342,"endTime":4949.044,"body":"all in the title of the paper, is part of"},{"startTime":4949.044,"endTime":4951.212,"body":"presumably, I'm guessing here, how it got"},{"startTime":4951.212,"endTime":4953.148,"body":"published in Nature at All back in 2006."},{"startTime":4954.215,"endTime":4957.485,"body":"And again, very small and a lot of"},{"startTime":4957.485,"endTime":4959.788,"body":"neurological stuff that I'm not qualified"},{"startTime":4959.788,"endTime":4962.624,"body":"to explicitly assess although they don't"},{"startTime":4962.624,"endTime":4964.426,"body":"get pushed back anywhere that I find in"},{"startTime":4964.426,"endTime":4965.894,"body":"terms of exactly what they're measuring."},{"startTime":4967.128,"endTime":4969.03,"body":"And the differences are stark."},{"startTime":4970.632,"endTime":4974.97,"body":"Men have their empathy evoked in a"},{"startTime":4974.97,"endTime":4977.572,"body":"context-specific way with regard to"},{"startTime":4977.572,"endTime":4979.774,"body":"whether or not the thing that a person is"},{"startTime":4979.774,"endTime":4980.875,"body":"experiencing is"},{"startTime":4980.875,"endTime":4982.243,"body":"warranted in their opinion."},{"startTime":4982.877,"endTime":4983.778,"body":"And women's empathy"},{"startTime":4983.778,"endTime":4985.213,"body":"tends to be more universal."},{"startTime":4986.314,"endTime":4989.217,"body":"That's a remarkable finding if it is true"},{"startTime":4989.217,"endTime":4991.987,"body":"across broader society which we have no"},{"startTime":4991.987,"endTime":4993.088,"body":"reason to think it is not."},{"startTime":4993.655,"endTime":4993.855,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":4994.055,"endTime":4996.424,"body":"Now the part of it that surprises me, as"},{"startTime":4996.424,"endTime":5000.929,"body":"you allude to, is the female side of it."},{"startTime":5001.329,"endTime":5002.564,"body":"It's shocking."},{"startTime":5002.831,"endTime":5004.566,"body":"It is not obvious to me why"},{"startTime":5004.566,"endTime":5005.767,"body":"this is not a human universal."},{"startTime":5006.901,"endTime":5011.106,"body":"I, in tolerating this paper, assumed that"},{"startTime":5011.106,"endTime":5015.643,"body":"responses to seeing people experiencing"},{"startTime":5015.643,"endTime":5018.513,"body":"pain would be context-specific."},{"startTime":5019.414,"endTime":5022.283,"body":"And indeed, when we were professors and I"},{"startTime":5022.283,"endTime":5026.755,"body":"taught animal behavior, I was excited to"},{"startTime":5026.755,"endTime":5030.992,"body":"find examples of chimps responding to"},{"startTime":5030.992,"endTime":5033.328,"body":"observing unfairness"},{"startTime":5033.328,"endTime":5035.563,"body":"and responding to it."},{"startTime":5035.83,"endTime":5037.265,"body":"And I'm trying to remember there's a"},{"startTime":5037.265,"endTime":5040.735,"body":"study in which actually there's Old World"},{"startTime":5040.735,"endTime":5042.303,"body":"monkeys as well, not just chimps."},{"startTime":5043.505,"endTime":5045.473,"body":"They prefer grapes and"},{"startTime":5045.473,"endTime":5046.341,"body":"there's also carrots."},{"startTime":5047.375,"endTime":5050.278,"body":"And if you have to do something to get a"},{"startTime":5050.278,"endTime":5052.614,"body":"treat and you do something and your"},{"startTime":5052.614,"endTime":5054.816,"body":"friend does something and it's the same"},{"startTime":5054.816,"endTime":5056.751,"body":"thing and your friend gets a carrot or"},{"startTime":5056.751,"endTime":5057.852,"body":"your friend gets a grape and"},{"startTime":5057.852,"endTime":5059.154,"body":"you get a carrot, you sulk."},{"startTime":5059.788,"endTime":5061.222,"body":"Even if you're not a human."},{"startTime":5061.689,"endTime":5062.624,"body":"You see this, you're like,"},{"startTime":5062.624,"endTime":5063.591,"body":"\"But I did the same thing."},{"startTime":5063.992,"endTime":5064.793,"body":"Give me what I deserve.\""},{"startTime":5065.293,"endTime":5066.194,"body":"I deserve a grape."},{"startTime":5066.728,"endTime":5066.795,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5067.328,"endTime":5069.13,"body":"And I may be butchering that research."},{"startTime":5069.13,"endTime":5069.664,"body":"I can do it later."},{"startTime":5069.664,"endTime":5069.998,"body":"No, no."},{"startTime":5070.065,"endTime":5070.999,"body":"That's very much how"},{"startTime":5070.999,"endTime":5071.833,"body":"I remember it as well."},{"startTime":5071.833,"endTime":5072.033,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5072.267,"endTime":5076.004,"body":"So there's tracking of history, of"},{"startTime":5076.004,"endTime":5080.208,"body":"context, and that's what justice is."},{"startTime":5081.109,"endTime":5083.011,"body":"That is what justice is."},{"startTime":5083.011,"endTime":5084.779,"body":"It is inherently a part of a narrative."},{"startTime":5085.213,"endTime":5086.748,"body":"You can't do justice as"},{"startTime":5086.748,"endTime":5087.849,"body":"an instantaneous read."},{"startTime":5088.45,"endTime":5088.95,"body":"You can't do it."},{"startTime":5089.184,"endTime":5089.517,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":5091.486,"endTime":5094.289,"body":"The female side of that result, if it is"},{"startTime":5094.289,"endTime":5098.159,"body":"accurate, is so surprising that I think"},{"startTime":5098.159,"endTime":5101.096,"body":"it necessitates an explanation."},{"startTime":5102.397,"endTime":5103.031,"body":"We don't have it."},{"startTime":5103.665,"endTime":5104.232,"body":"I'm going to put a"},{"startTime":5104.232,"endTime":5105.733,"body":"hypothesis on the table."},{"startTime":5107.068,"endTime":5107.635,"body":"Hopefully we can"},{"startTime":5107.635,"endTime":5108.77,"body":"figure out a way to test it."},{"startTime":5108.77,"endTime":5110.071,"body":"But nonetheless, I think we need a"},{"startTime":5110.071,"endTime":5111.806,"body":"proposal for something that would explain"},{"startTime":5111.806,"endTime":5114.476,"body":"why women don't have, apparently, the"},{"startTime":5114.476,"endTime":5116.711,"body":"natural reaction that you and I, or what"},{"startTime":5116.711,"endTime":5118.213,"body":"you and I both feel is the natural"},{"startTime":5118.213,"endTime":5119.881,"body":"reaction, which is to be"},{"startTime":5119.881,"endTime":5121.649,"body":"what I would call sympathetic."},{"startTime":5121.983,"endTime":5124.686,"body":"They're calling empathetic on the basis"},{"startTime":5124.686,"endTime":5126.955,"body":"of whether or not somebody deserved"},{"startTime":5126.955,"endTime":5128.823,"body":"fairness or had behaved in a way that"},{"startTime":5128.823,"endTime":5130.225,"body":"decreases how much they"},{"startTime":5130.225,"endTime":5131.993,"body":"deserve good treatment."},{"startTime":5134.729,"endTime":5139.501,"body":"Let's imagine what is true on the"},{"startTime":5139.501,"endTime":5141.436,"body":"playground with children."},{"startTime":5143.905,"endTime":5145.507,"body":"Somebody has been"},{"startTime":5145.507,"endTime":5149.777,"body":"harmed by somebody else,"},{"startTime":5150.845,"endTime":5156.584,"body":"and you're attempting to ascertain what"},{"startTime":5156.584,"endTime":5159.154,"body":"the right thing to do is."},{"startTime":5159.854,"endTime":5162.023,"body":"The problem is you don't know, and this"},{"startTime":5162.023,"endTime":5164.092,"body":"is going to be highly relevant to much of"},{"startTime":5164.092,"endTime":5165.96,"body":"our discussion today, but you don't know"},{"startTime":5165.96,"endTime":5167.795,"body":"what unfolded on the playground."},{"startTime":5167.795,"endTime":5170.365,"body":"In other words, there is, in general,"},{"startTime":5170.365,"endTime":5171.099,"body":"going to be a larger"},{"startTime":5171.099,"endTime":5173.401,"body":"context amongst children."},{"startTime":5173.434,"endTime":5174.669,"body":"There's a whole history that you won't"},{"startTime":5174.669,"endTime":5178.373,"body":"know or you do know, but it is not safe"},{"startTime":5178.373,"endTime":5181.743,"body":"to analyze within the context of a"},{"startTime":5181.743,"endTime":5184.312,"body":"particular seeming cause and effect"},{"startTime":5184.312,"endTime":5186.447,"body":"because the larger context is going to be"},{"startTime":5186.447,"endTime":5187.882,"body":"playing such a dominant role."},{"startTime":5190.451,"endTime":5197.892,"body":"It might make sense to deploy rules that"},{"startTime":5197.892,"endTime":5204.599,"body":"result in the punishment of escalation or"},{"startTime":5204.599,"endTime":5205.533,"body":"something like that."},{"startTime":5205.767,"endTime":5207.168,"body":"So anyway, I'm just wondering if there's"},{"startTime":5207.168,"endTime":5209.337,"body":"not in the context of children, if what"},{"startTime":5209.337,"endTime":5211.039,"body":"appears to be the female response here"},{"startTime":5211.039,"endTime":5212.64,"body":"makes sense that doesn't seem to make"},{"startTime":5212.64,"endTime":5213.908,"body":"sense in the wider world."},{"startTime":5216.611,"endTime":5216.945,"body":"It's not going to be,"},{"startTime":5218.179,"endTime":5223.851,"body":"but empathy for the helpless is obviously"},{"startTime":5223.851,"endTime":5227.388,"body":"going to be more important in traditional"},{"startTime":5227.388,"endTime":5228.523,"body":"maternal roles than"},{"startTime":5228.523,"endTime":5230.124,"body":"traditional paternal roles."},{"startTime":5231.492,"endTime":5235.93,"body":"But a standard good effective parenting"},{"startTime":5235.93,"endTime":5239.234,"body":"response when your two children are at"},{"startTime":5239.234,"endTime":5240.668,"body":"each other and one of them complains that"},{"startTime":5240.668,"endTime":5242.804,"body":"the other one hit him, and he said,"},{"startTime":5242.804,"endTime":5244.072,"body":"\"Well, what happened before that?\""},{"startTime":5244.839,"endTime":5245.573,"body":"\"What did you do?\""},{"startTime":5246.407,"endTime":5249.41,"body":"And that's not blaming the victim."},{"startTime":5249.777,"endTime":5251.913,"body":"That's establishing what is true, that is"},{"startTime":5251.913,"endTime":5254.015,"body":"establishing history and"},{"startTime":5254.015,"endTime":5257.085,"body":"establishing accountability."},{"startTime":5258.453,"endTime":5262.59,"body":"If any time the usual bully does"},{"startTime":5262.59,"endTime":5265.026,"body":"something and he can start screaming and"},{"startTime":5265.026,"endTime":5267.895,"body":"get the empathy of anyone he requests it"},{"startTime":5267.895,"endTime":5270.765,"body":"from, then he will win and we will end up"},{"startTime":5270.765,"endTime":5273.868,"body":"with a society or a playground of"},{"startTime":5273.868,"endTime":5279.407,"body":"weakling idiot bullies who are,"},{"startTime":5280.875,"endTime":5282.977,"body":"many of them will be men because they"},{"startTime":5282.977,"endTime":5283.845,"body":"were encouraged in"},{"startTime":5283.845,"endTime":5285.58,"body":"such behavior early on."},{"startTime":5285.847,"endTime":5289.083,"body":"Well, I do think this is the question"},{"startTime":5289.083,"endTime":5290.084,"body":"raised by this research."},{"startTime":5290.752,"endTime":5293.855,"body":"If you set up a system, which seems to"},{"startTime":5293.855,"endTime":5296.958,"body":"exist in women, where you just simply"},{"startTime":5296.958,"endTime":5299.227,"body":"sympathize, again, that's the way I would"},{"startTime":5299.227,"endTime":5301.329,"body":"use the term, but you sympathize with"},{"startTime":5301.329,"endTime":5304.499,"body":"victims, then you incentivize being"},{"startTime":5304.499,"endTime":5307.635,"body":"victimized and- And the"},{"startTime":5307.635,"endTime":5308.436,"body":"game theory is obvious."},{"startTime":5308.636,"endTime":5308.803,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5309.103,"endTime":5310.805,"body":"And then lo and behold, what do you get?"},{"startTime":5311.139,"endTime":5316.411,"body":"Well, you get the BLM riots, you get a"},{"startTime":5316.411,"endTime":5319.48,"body":"feminization of civilization where"},{"startTime":5319.48,"endTime":5320.548,"body":"everybody is competing."},{"startTime":5320.815,"endTime":5322.183,"body":"What we used to describe as the"},{"startTime":5322.183,"endTime":5323.017,"body":"oppression Olympics."},{"startTime":5324.285,"endTime":5325.787,"body":"Everybody is competing for the claim of"},{"startTime":5325.787,"endTime":5327.388,"body":"most victimized because that"},{"startTime":5327.388,"endTime":5330.124,"body":"brings about the most power."},{"startTime":5332.026,"endTime":5334.696,"body":"And I think this thing I said a couple of"},{"startTime":5334.696,"endTime":5335.163,"body":"minutes ago, I think"},{"startTime":5335.163,"endTime":5336.664,"body":"actually might be important."},{"startTime":5336.664,"endTime":5337.665,"body":"It's not justice."},{"startTime":5338.833,"endTime":5340.034,"body":"It's quite the opposite of justice."},{"startTime":5340.234,"endTime":5342.904,"body":"And yet the sort of oppression Olympics,"},{"startTime":5343.137,"endTime":5345.907,"body":"the progressive stack, the DEI, the woke"},{"startTime":5345.907,"endTime":5347.542,"body":"culture, all of these names for the"},{"startTime":5347.542,"endTime":5349.51,"body":"things that have been grabbing hold of"},{"startTime":5349.51,"endTime":5351.145,"body":"society for well over"},{"startTime":5351.145,"endTime":5352.447,"body":"a decade at this point,"},{"startTime":5354.782,"endTime":5356.818,"body":"sound like they're coming from and"},{"startTime":5356.818,"endTime":5358.886,"body":"explicitly are claimed to be coming from"},{"startTime":5358.886,"endTime":5360.455,"body":"a desire for what they"},{"startTime":5360.455,"endTime":5361.589,"body":"have coined social justice."},{"startTime":5362.156,"endTime":5364.325,"body":"And it would appear to be sort of the"},{"startTime":5364.325,"endTime":5366.594,"body":"people who prioritize justice over the"},{"startTime":5366.594,"endTime":5367.895,"body":"people who prioritize freedom."},{"startTime":5368.296,"endTime":5370.231,"body":"There's the freedom first people and the"},{"startTime":5370.231,"endTime":5371.632,"body":"justice first people."},{"startTime":5372.033,"endTime":5374.869,"body":"But I have felt forever that that was an"},{"startTime":5374.869,"endTime":5376.904,"body":"unfair categorization."},{"startTime":5376.904,"endTime":5378.373,"body":"That was a cheat by the"},{"startTime":5378.373,"endTime":5379.707,"body":"so-called social justice people."},{"startTime":5380.274,"endTime":5382.21,"body":"And I think this is exactly why they're"},{"startTime":5382.21,"endTime":5385.146,"body":"doing instantaneous reads in which their"},{"startTime":5385.146,"endTime":5387.014,"body":"assessment of whether or not they or"},{"startTime":5387.014,"endTime":5389.484,"body":"someone else has been victimized is not"},{"startTime":5389.484,"endTime":5392.053,"body":"just done instantaneously, but at the"},{"startTime":5392.053,"endTime":5393.087,"body":"point they've come to a conclusion."},{"startTime":5393.087,"endTime":5393.488,"body":"That's it."},{"startTime":5393.488,"endTime":5393.721,"body":"We're done."},{"startTime":5394.489,"endTime":5394.655,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":5394.655,"endTime":5395.923,"body":"You know, George Floyd was murdered."},{"startTime":5397.558,"endTime":5398.559,"body":"Probably not."},{"startTime":5398.559,"endTime":5399.327,"body":"Yeah, actually."},{"startTime":5399.327,"endTime":5399.66,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5399.66,"endTime":5401.062,"body":"But like, that's the only conclusion"},{"startTime":5401.062,"endTime":5402.23,"body":"you're allowed to come to."},{"startTime":5403.064,"endTime":5405.967,"body":"And if you don't agree,"},{"startTime":5406.267,"endTime":5407.435,"body":"then you're against justice."},{"startTime":5407.535,"endTime":5409.771,"body":"Like, no, I'm against instantaneous reads"},{"startTime":5409.771,"endTime":5412.607,"body":"and blanket empathy"},{"startTime":5412.607,"endTime":5413.674,"body":"where it should not apply."},{"startTime":5414.075,"endTime":5414.275,"body":"Perfect."},{"startTime":5414.909,"endTime":5415.543,"body":"Now I want to go back"},{"startTime":5415.543,"endTime":5416.677,"body":"and rescue my hypothesis."},{"startTime":5417.245,"endTime":5417.512,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":5417.979,"endTime":5420.715,"body":"Because I think the distinction is, are"},{"startTime":5420.715,"endTime":5425.319,"body":"you in a training environment or are you"},{"startTime":5425.319,"endTime":5426.387,"body":"in the adult environment?"},{"startTime":5427.522,"endTime":5429.624,"body":"In the training environment, you may very"},{"startTime":5429.624,"endTime":5431.392,"body":"well want to punish"},{"startTime":5431.392,"endTime":5433.094,"body":"anybody who escalates."},{"startTime":5433.694,"endTime":5433.895,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5434.529,"endTime":5436.664,"body":"So if the point is, hey, if you victimize"},{"startTime":5436.664,"endTime":5438.366,"body":"somebody, you're about to get punished."},{"startTime":5438.366,"endTime":5440.902,"body":"Then the point is that tends to frustrate"},{"startTime":5440.902,"endTime":5445.139,"body":"an entire line of gamesmanship in the"},{"startTime":5445.139,"endTime":5447.108,"body":"direction of a more peaceful playground."},{"startTime":5448.443,"endTime":5451.445,"body":"But if you apply that in the adult world,"},{"startTime":5451.913,"endTime":5454.582,"body":"perfectly gameable and you have everybody"},{"startTime":5455.016,"endTime":5459.22,"body":"not only pretending to be victims,"},{"startTime":5459.687,"endTime":5461.489,"body":"exaggerating the extent to which they are"},{"startTime":5461.489,"endTime":5464.358,"body":"victims, creating false flags in order to"},{"startTime":5464.358,"endTime":5466.127,"body":"victimize themselves so that they are"},{"startTime":5466.127,"endTime":5468.262,"body":"justified in going after their aggressor."},{"startTime":5469.13,"endTime":5471.532,"body":"So the point is the gameable nature of"},{"startTime":5471.532,"endTime":5474.969,"body":"the adult world requires a different set"},{"startTime":5474.969,"endTime":5477.004,"body":"of rules than the playground does."},{"startTime":5477.438,"endTime":5478.806,"body":"And they're naturally different."},{"startTime":5478.806,"endTime":5479.774,"body":"But the problem is,"},{"startTime":5480.007,"endTime":5481.843,"body":"oh boy, this is rough."},{"startTime":5482.91,"endTime":5485.146,"body":"But you and I have talked many times"},{"startTime":5485.146,"endTime":5487.715,"body":"about the fact that it's great that women"},{"startTime":5487.715,"endTime":5489.484,"body":"have achieved parity in science."},{"startTime":5490.084,"endTime":5492.253,"body":"But what's not great is that the rules of"},{"startTime":5492.253,"endTime":5494.288,"body":"science have been feminized and the right"},{"startTime":5494.355,"endTime":5496.09,"body":"rules under which to do science were the"},{"startTime":5496.09,"endTime":5498.759,"body":"ones that are more natively male, the"},{"startTime":5498.759,"endTime":5500.795,"body":"competitive rules in which you hold each"},{"startTime":5500.795,"endTime":5501.729,"body":"other's feet to the fire."},{"startTime":5502.029,"endTime":5504.465,"body":"And that having been feminized science."},{"startTime":5504.465,"endTime":5508.102,"body":"You push on ideas, good and bad, to"},{"startTime":5508.102,"endTime":5509.27,"body":"pressure test them"},{"startTime":5509.27,"endTime":5511.272,"body":"and to not push on them."},{"startTime":5511.272,"endTime":5512.84,"body":"To start with like, oh, that's fantastic."},{"startTime":5513.274,"endTime":5515.743,"body":"But I have this one little question is to"},{"startTime":5515.743,"endTime":5517.778,"body":"weaken everything about the endeavor."},{"startTime":5518.079,"endTime":5522.516,"body":"So the point is, if what has happened is"},{"startTime":5522.516,"endTime":5523.885,"body":"men and women had very"},{"startTime":5523.885,"endTime":5525.586,"body":"different roles in society."},{"startTime":5526.02,"endTime":5528.89,"body":"Women were more natively pointed towards"},{"startTime":5528.89,"endTime":5531.425,"body":"the raising of children and even the"},{"startTime":5531.425,"endTime":5532.493,"body":"educating of children."},{"startTime":5532.894,"endTime":5535.029,"body":"And that now you have parity across"},{"startTime":5535.029,"endTime":5537.031,"body":"civilization and civilization is going"},{"startTime":5537.031,"endTime":5539.267,"body":"mad in part because the rules that make"},{"startTime":5539.267,"endTime":5541.269,"body":"civilization work in which you punish"},{"startTime":5541.269,"endTime":5544.505,"body":"people for bad behavior are now"},{"startTime":5544.739,"endTime":5548.843,"body":"challenged by sympathy with victims that"},{"startTime":5548.843,"endTime":5551.612,"body":"is reflexive, which is imparted from the"},{"startTime":5551.612,"endTime":5552.413,"body":"playground and doesn't"},{"startTime":5552.413,"endTime":5553.848,"body":"belong out here in civilization."},{"startTime":5554.949,"endTime":5558.953,"body":"You know, there's for a long time, like"},{"startTime":5558.953,"endTime":5561.556,"body":"90s and the aughts and into the teens,"},{"startTime":5561.556,"endTime":5562.99,"body":"and I don't really hear it anymore, but"},{"startTime":5562.99,"endTime":5564.225,"body":"that may just be because we're not in the"},{"startTime":5564.225,"endTime":5565.493,"body":"classroom and we're not hanging out in"},{"startTime":5565.493,"endTime":5566.627,"body":"academic circles anymore."},{"startTime":5567.461,"endTime":5569.33,"body":"But since we were undergraduates,"},{"startTime":5569.33,"endTime":5571.832,"body":"honestly, late 80s through very recently,"},{"startTime":5572.733,"endTime":5574.235,"body":"something I would often hear, and I know"},{"startTime":5574.235,"endTime":5575.77,"body":"you will remember this as well, and"},{"startTime":5575.77,"endTime":5578.172,"body":"anyone who's been in an academic setting,"},{"startTime":5578.506,"endTime":5580.474,"body":"except maybe just as an undergrad in, you"},{"startTime":5580.474,"endTime":5583.01,"body":"know, giant lecture classes, will have"},{"startTime":5583.01,"endTime":5585.88,"body":"heard something like, you know, we need"},{"startTime":5585.88,"endTime":5589.25,"body":"more of the feminine in power."},{"startTime":5589.583,"endTime":5592.353,"body":"We know we need the toxic masculine to go"},{"startTime":5592.353,"endTime":5594.956,"body":"away and we need, I'm forgetting, like"},{"startTime":5594.956,"endTime":5596.924,"body":"there's a framing, there's a number of"},{"startTime":5596.924,"endTime":5598.893,"body":"stock phrases that people used to use,"},{"startTime":5598.893,"endTime":5599.627,"body":"and I can't remember"},{"startTime":5599.627,"endTime":5600.528,"body":"any of them right now."},{"startTime":5600.561,"endTime":5603.03,"body":"But I've heard them actually as recently"},{"startTime":5603.03,"endTime":5605.566,"body":"as I want to say 2018 when I was giving a"},{"startTime":5605.566,"endTime":5607.034,"body":"talk at a conference that I thought would"},{"startTime":5607.034,"endTime":5609.003,"body":"have been, you know, awake to this stuff."},{"startTime":5609.003,"endTime":5611.472,"body":"And some guy, some, you know, aging"},{"startTime":5611.472,"endTime":5612.873,"body":"hippie guy stood up and said, you know,"},{"startTime":5612.873,"endTime":5613.975,"body":"we really need fewer men"},{"startTime":5613.975,"endTime":5615.276,"body":"in power and more women."},{"startTime":5615.843,"endTime":5616.911,"body":"And I shocked him by"},{"startTime":5616.911,"endTime":5618.913,"body":"saying, no, we do not."},{"startTime":5619.513,"endTime":5620.848,"body":"Like absolutely we do not."},{"startTime":5620.848,"endTime":5624.485,"body":"What we need is to encourage the good"},{"startTime":5624.485,"endTime":5626.854,"body":"forms of both, to recognize that we're"},{"startTime":5626.854,"endTime":5628.689,"body":"talking about populations that we're"},{"startTime":5628.689,"endTime":5631.325,"body":"talking about, averages and proclivities"},{"startTime":5631.325,"endTime":5633.361,"body":"and that there are, you know, masculine"},{"startTime":5633.361,"endTime":5635.73,"body":"acting women and feminine acting men and"},{"startTime":5635.73,"endTime":5637.365,"body":"those aren't inherently bad things."},{"startTime":5637.632,"endTime":5639.033,"body":"But the toxic forms of"},{"startTime":5639.033,"endTime":5641.135,"body":"both are, in fact, toxic."},{"startTime":5641.335,"endTime":5642.67,"body":"They are, you know, accurately named."},{"startTime":5643.27,"endTime":5645.306,"body":"Toxic masculinity is easier to get rid"},{"startTime":5645.306,"endTime":5646.774,"body":"of, though, because it tends to go"},{"startTime":5646.774,"endTime":5648.209,"body":"physical and public"},{"startTime":5648.209,"endTime":5649.944,"body":"and overt and obvious."},{"startTime":5650.244,"endTime":5651.445,"body":"And we have laws against it."},{"startTime":5651.512,"endTime":5654.548,"body":"And the toxic feminine is covert and"},{"startTime":5654.548,"endTime":5656.751,"body":"cryptic and socially manipulative."},{"startTime":5657.551,"endTime":5659.52,"body":"And everyone can adopt toxic femininity,"},{"startTime":5659.787,"endTime":5660.521,"body":"men and women alike."},{"startTime":5660.955,"endTime":5662.323,"body":"And there are no laws against it."},{"startTime":5662.59,"endTime":5664.058,"body":"And it's taking over."},{"startTime":5664.925,"endTime":5665.493,"body":"And frankly,"},{"startTime":5666.527,"endTime":5668.496,"body":"the response to that is good, strong"},{"startTime":5668.496,"endTime":5672.033,"body":"women, but also especially good, strong"},{"startTime":5672.033,"endTime":5674.535,"body":"men who are empowered, who know that they"},{"startTime":5674.535,"endTime":5676.337,"body":"are empowered to say, no, not that."},{"startTime":5676.637,"endTime":5677.138,"body":"Not now."},{"startTime":5677.138,"endTime":5678.372,"body":"This is not the time for empathy."},{"startTime":5678.773,"endTime":5679.974,"body":"It's like the authors of this paper"},{"startTime":5679.974,"endTime":5681.742,"body":"actually end their paper with by saying,"},{"startTime":5681.742,"endTime":5684.211,"body":"you know, maybe this suggests that in"},{"startTime":5684.211,"endTime":5686.147,"body":"places of things like, you know, law"},{"startTime":5686.147,"endTime":5688.149,"body":"enforcement and injustice,"},{"startTime":5689.75,"endTime":5691.886,"body":"men are the better people to be doing it."},{"startTime":5691.886,"endTime":5693.921,"body":"And I'm sorry if I butchered what their"},{"startTime":5693.921,"endTime":5694.855,"body":"what their message was."},{"startTime":5694.855,"endTime":5696.891,"body":"What they say is these findings could"},{"startTime":5696.891,"endTime":5698.759,"body":"indicate a predominant role for males in"},{"startTime":5698.759,"endTime":5700.594,"body":"the maintenance of justice and punishment"},{"startTime":5700.594,"endTime":5702.83,"body":"for of norm violation in human societies."},{"startTime":5703.33,"endTime":5703.531,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":5704.799,"endTime":5707.668,"body":"Well, I feel pretty good that we've"},{"startTime":5707.668,"endTime":5710.938,"body":"arrived to kind of a rough model of what"},{"startTime":5710.938,"endTime":5713.04,"body":"might be going on and why it's driving us"},{"startTime":5713.04,"endTime":5715.376,"body":"crazy in the present, that what we have"},{"startTime":5715.376,"endTime":5720.047,"body":"is an undeclared shift in the way we"},{"startTime":5720.047,"endTime":5724.085,"body":"evaluate aggressors and victims and what"},{"startTime":5724.085,"endTime":5726.287,"body":"we do about it and that that undeclared"},{"startTime":5726.287,"endTime":5730.691,"body":"shift, whether it's a male version to a"},{"startTime":5730.691,"endTime":5732.493,"body":"female version or something else, just"},{"startTime":5732.56,"endTime":5734.929,"body":"simply a reflexive embrace of victims"},{"startTime":5734.929,"endTime":5736.831,"body":"creates a gameable"},{"startTime":5736.831,"endTime":5738.999,"body":"landscape which will be gamed."},{"startTime":5739.233,"endTime":5741.469,"body":"And what you will end up seeing are the"},{"startTime":5741.469,"endTime":5744.238,"body":"cryptic bullies disguised"},{"startTime":5744.238,"endTime":5745.739,"body":"as, you know, cry bullies."},{"startTime":5746.173,"endTime":5747.141,"body":"That's cry bullies."},{"startTime":5747.374,"endTime":5747.675,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5747.675,"endTime":5747.908,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5747.908,"endTime":5751.812,"body":"We know we we've got it all figured out"},{"startTime":5751.812,"endTime":5754.949,"body":"with regard to the people who are"},{"startTime":5754.949,"endTime":5756.15,"body":"aggressively pushing"},{"startTime":5756.15,"endTime":5757.351,"body":"people on the playground."},{"startTime":5757.351,"endTime":5758.252,"body":"And, you know, there will be people who"},{"startTime":5758.252,"endTime":5759.453,"body":"argue that what's going on in Minnesota"},{"startTime":5759.453,"endTime":5760.921,"body":"is exactly, exactly that."},{"startTime":5761.689,"endTime":5763.524,"body":"And, you know, maybe it is."},{"startTime":5763.524,"endTime":5764.959,"body":"I actually before before you embark on"},{"startTime":5764.959,"endTime":5767.194,"body":"this section, I will say I do not know."},{"startTime":5767.528,"endTime":5768.929,"body":"I have not been paying a lot of attention"},{"startTime":5768.929,"endTime":5771.532,"body":"in part because I know that I do not know"},{"startTime":5771.532,"endTime":5775.169,"body":"and I cannot trust what we are being told"},{"startTime":5775.169,"endTime":5778.973,"body":"because everything that we can see after"},{"startTime":5778.973,"endTime":5781.175,"body":"the fact having not been there is through"},{"startTime":5781.175,"endTime":5783.144,"body":"someone else's lens quite literally."},{"startTime":5783.811,"endTime":5785.813,"body":"And so everyone has a take."},{"startTime":5786.347,"endTime":5787.448,"body":"Everyone has an ideology,"},{"startTime":5787.448,"endTime":5789.884,"body":"even if they were trying not to."},{"startTime":5790.384,"endTime":5792.019,"body":"And so, you know, the best approach, if"},{"startTime":5792.019,"endTime":5793.254,"body":"you're trying to understand it, will be"},{"startTime":5793.254,"endTime":5795.689,"body":"to hear from from people with different"},{"startTime":5795.689,"endTime":5797.124,"body":"ideologies, with different takes."},{"startTime":5797.892,"endTime":5798.092,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":5798.993,"endTime":5799.26,"body":"Now,"},{"startTime":5800.294,"endTime":5804.798,"body":"I will say I've been struggling with"},{"startTime":5804.798,"endTime":5807.434,"body":"what's going on in Minnesota."},{"startTime":5808.335,"endTime":5810.504,"body":"I've been struggling with it not so much"},{"startTime":5810.504,"endTime":5811.705,"body":"because I think the"},{"startTime":5811.705,"endTime":5814.575,"body":"event itself is so difficult,"},{"startTime":5815.743,"endTime":5817.811,"body":"but because the effect that it is having"},{"startTime":5817.811,"endTime":5820.347,"body":"on people is so deranging."},{"startTime":5820.881,"endTime":5824.418,"body":"And I am watching people that I know and"},{"startTime":5824.418,"endTime":5829.39,"body":"trust unable to discuss this event in a"},{"startTime":5829.39,"endTime":5834.028,"body":"what I would call a purely rational way,"},{"startTime":5834.028,"endTime":5838.199,"body":"because in some sense, it seems callous."},{"startTime":5838.933,"endTime":5839.133,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5839.633,"endTime":5843.37,"body":"And so anyway, I wanted to try to zoom"},{"startTime":5843.37,"endTime":5845.172,"body":"out and figure out how to stand in a"},{"startTime":5845.172,"endTime":5848.275,"body":"different place on the event."},{"startTime":5848.976,"endTime":5850.978,"body":"And I wanted to show what's taking place"},{"startTime":5850.978,"endTime":5853.28,"body":"in the discussion of the event, which I"},{"startTime":5853.28,"endTime":5854.381,"body":"think bears out exactly"},{"startTime":5854.381,"endTime":5855.649,"body":"what you are describing."},{"startTime":5855.883,"endTime":5857.585,"body":"So it seems to me there have been many"},{"startTime":5857.585,"endTime":5861.388,"body":"events, at least two of similar tenor."},{"startTime":5861.388,"endTime":5862.189,"body":"You're talking about the"},{"startTime":5862.189,"endTime":5863.891,"body":"more recent shooting of Preti."},{"startTime":5864.124,"endTime":5864.425,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":5864.425,"endTime":5864.925,"body":"Is that the event that"},{"startTime":5864.925,"endTime":5865.726,"body":"you were referring to?"},{"startTime":5865.726,"endTime":5865.926,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":5866.06,"endTime":5866.86,"body":"Alex Preti."},{"startTime":5866.86,"endTime":5869.463,"body":"So I think everybody will know the story,"},{"startTime":5869.463,"endTime":5871.131,"body":"but just so that we all have the same"},{"startTime":5871.131,"endTime":5873.267,"body":"priors walking into the discussion."},{"startTime":5874.101,"endTime":5880.708,"body":"Alex Preti was an ICU nurse male in"},{"startTime":5880.708,"endTime":5882.376,"body":"Minneapolis, Minnesota."},{"startTime":5883.143,"endTime":5884.511,"body":"We do not know the"},{"startTime":5884.511,"endTime":5886.747,"body":"particular details as far as I know."},{"startTime":5886.747,"endTime":5888.515,"body":"We do not know the particular details of"},{"startTime":5888.515,"endTime":5894.855,"body":"why he was in the midst of an ICE raid"},{"startTime":5894.855,"endTime":5897.825,"body":"that was being protested by many on the"},{"startTime":5897.825,"endTime":5899.793,"body":"ground to oppose this ICE"},{"startTime":5899.793,"endTime":5901.495,"body":"enforcement in one way or another."},{"startTime":5903.43,"endTime":5904.865,"body":"He was present."},{"startTime":5905.532,"endTime":5907.334,"body":"We see video of him present."},{"startTime":5908.002,"endTime":5909.737,"body":"No one contests the fact"},{"startTime":5909.737,"endTime":5913.173,"body":"that he was legally armed."},{"startTime":5913.474,"endTime":5915.576,"body":"He was he had a concealed carry permit"},{"startTime":5915.576,"endTime":5919.747,"body":"and he was carrying a pistol."},{"startTime":5920.047,"endTime":5922.549,"body":"It happens to have been a six hour 320,"},{"startTime":5922.983,"endTime":5926.186,"body":"which is unfortunately in the story, a"},{"startTime":5926.186,"endTime":5928.889,"body":"gun that is famous for malfunctions."},{"startTime":5930.291,"endTime":5931.725,"body":"He never brandished the weapon."},{"startTime":5932.226,"endTime":5935.863,"body":"There were claims from the Trump"},{"startTime":5935.863,"endTime":5937.631,"body":"administration that made it sound."},{"startTime":5937.998,"endTime":5940.501,"body":"You know, if you say that, you know, he"},{"startTime":5940.501,"endTime":5942.169,"body":"approached officers with the weapon, it"},{"startTime":5942.169,"endTime":5942.803,"body":"sounds like he was"},{"startTime":5942.803,"endTime":5943.604,"body":"brandishing the weapon."},{"startTime":5943.604,"endTime":5944.772,"body":"He never brandished the weapon."},{"startTime":5944.772,"endTime":5946.373,"body":"He was holding a phone, but he had a"},{"startTime":5946.373,"endTime":5949.41,"body":"concealed weapon and he"},{"startTime":5949.41,"endTime":5950.511,"body":"got into an altercation."},{"startTime":5950.911,"endTime":5953.147,"body":"The altercation appears to have started"},{"startTime":5953.147,"endTime":5960.554,"body":"when an ICE officer pushed a woman and he"},{"startTime":5960.554,"endTime":5965.726,"body":"seemingly attempts to intercede and he"},{"startTime":5965.726,"endTime":5966.327,"body":"gets into an"},{"startTime":5966.327,"endTime":5967.628,"body":"altercation with the officer."},{"startTime":5968.262,"endTime":5970.297,"body":"Several officers step in."},{"startTime":5970.297,"endTime":5971.532,"body":"He's wrestled to the ground."},{"startTime":5972.032,"endTime":5977.071,"body":"It then seems clear that his weapon is as"},{"startTime":5977.071,"endTime":5979.106,"body":"he is on the ground being held and"},{"startTime":5979.106,"endTime":5980.274,"body":"wrestled, but he is not under"},{"startTime":5980.274,"endTime":5981.809,"body":"the control of these officers."},{"startTime":5982.109,"endTime":5983.177,"body":"They are wrestling him."},{"startTime":5983.41,"endTime":5983.811,"body":"He's resisting."},{"startTime":5984.578,"endTime":5985.045,"body":"He's resisting."},{"startTime":5985.579,"endTime":5988.082,"body":"He is not lying flat on the ground and"},{"startTime":5988.082,"endTime":5990.551,"body":"his weapon is removed from his holster."},{"startTime":5991.318,"endTime":5992.219,"body":"It is carried away."},{"startTime":5993.253,"endTime":5994.855,"body":"Something happens and then"},{"startTime":5994.855,"endTime":5997.491,"body":"he is shot at least 10 times."},{"startTime":6000.494,"endTime":6003.13,"body":"Now after being disarmed."},{"startTime":6004.298,"endTime":6006.266,"body":"Well, this is one of the points of"},{"startTime":6006.266,"endTime":6007.134,"body":"contention and one of"},{"startTime":6007.134,"endTime":6008.836,"body":"the things that I think is."},{"startTime":6011.472,"endTime":6013.874,"body":"Story you just told us that his weapon is"},{"startTime":6013.874,"endTime":6014.441,"body":"removed from his"},{"startTime":6014.441,"endTime":6015.209,"body":"holster and carried away."},{"startTime":6015.209,"endTime":6016.043,"body":"Let's put it this way."},{"startTime":6016.243,"endTime":6019.012,"body":"In retrospect, we know that he was"},{"startTime":6019.012,"endTime":6020.214,"body":"disarmed at that moment."},{"startTime":6021.315,"endTime":6022.95,"body":"The question of the shooting."},{"startTime":6023.45,"endTime":6024.451,"body":"What did the people who"},{"startTime":6024.451,"endTime":6025.352,"body":"were shooting him know?"},{"startTime":6025.753,"endTime":6025.986,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6025.986,"endTime":6026.854,"body":"What did they have in their heads?"},{"startTime":6027.087,"endTime":6028.589,"body":"Did they all know that his weapon had"},{"startTime":6028.589,"endTime":6030.657,"body":"been removed and did any of them have"},{"startTime":6030.657,"endTime":6032.593,"body":"certainty he didn't have another weapon,"},{"startTime":6032.593,"endTime":6034.428,"body":"which is something people sometimes do."},{"startTime":6034.428,"endTime":6035.195,"body":"They carry a backup."},{"startTime":6035.729,"endTime":6035.929,"body":"So."},{"startTime":6036.23,"endTime":6036.43,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":6036.964,"endTime":6039.333,"body":"And so, excuse me, this is important."},{"startTime":6041.001,"endTime":6043.537,"body":"It is true with regard to the facts and"},{"startTime":6043.537,"endTime":6045.773,"body":"what people can know and what people"},{"startTime":6045.773,"endTime":6047.674,"body":"believed in their heads are obviously"},{"startTime":6047.674,"endTime":6050.577,"body":"points of legal contention in such cases."},{"startTime":6051.211,"endTime":6053.981,"body":"And they are also exactly the subject of"},{"startTime":6053.981,"endTime":6055.816,"body":"again, just to take it out of human space"},{"startTime":6055.816,"endTime":6057.051,"body":"for a moment to imagine."},{"startTime":6058.685,"endTime":6060.02,"body":"Don't imagine that this is an entirely"},{"startTime":6060.02,"endTime":6062.489,"body":"human kind of experience."},{"startTime":6062.489,"endTime":6064.525,"body":"Obviously the very particulars are, but"},{"startTime":6064.525,"endTime":6066.126,"body":"you know, knowing what is in someone"},{"startTime":6066.126,"endTime":6068.162,"body":"else's head and acting according to what"},{"startTime":6068.162,"endTime":6069.93,"body":"you believe they know, as opposed to what"},{"startTime":6069.93,"endTime":6071.365,"body":"you know to be true which might be"},{"startTime":6071.365,"endTime":6072.866,"body":"something different than what they know"},{"startTime":6072.866,"endTime":6074.601,"body":"is something that has been greatly"},{"startTime":6074.635,"endTime":6077.104,"body":"studied in organisms like baboons."},{"startTime":6078.338,"endTime":6080.307,"body":"So this is it's"},{"startTime":6080.307,"endTime":6082.176,"body":"utterly and highly relevant."},{"startTime":6083.811,"endTime":6087.648,"body":"Even even if the man in question was"},{"startTime":6087.648,"endTime":6090.184,"body":"actually fully disarmed and he knew that."},{"startTime":6090.384,"endTime":6090.584,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6090.884,"endTime":6091.752,"body":"He may not have known."},{"startTime":6092.786,"endTime":6093.587,"body":"They may not have known."},{"startTime":6093.921,"endTime":6095.055,"body":"Some of them may not have known."},{"startTime":6095.589,"endTime":6098.659,"body":"But the question, unfortunately, the"},{"startTime":6098.659,"endTime":6102.096,"body":"legal question rests on each of the"},{"startTime":6102.096,"endTime":6104.865,"body":"shooters and whether they had at the"},{"startTime":6104.865,"endTime":6107.468,"body":"moment that they decided to shoot a"},{"startTime":6107.468,"endTime":6110.771,"body":"reasonable threat, a reasonable belief"},{"startTime":6110.771,"endTime":6112.606,"body":"that they were under imminent threat."},{"startTime":6113.407,"endTime":6116.31,"body":"Now let me just paint you a scenario."},{"startTime":6117.311,"endTime":6118.212,"body":"This did not happen."},{"startTime":6119.146,"endTime":6123.25,"body":"But let's say that some other person had"},{"startTime":6123.25,"endTime":6125.953,"body":"fired a gun into the air with the express"},{"startTime":6125.953,"endTime":6128.956,"body":"purpose of triggering these ice officers"},{"startTime":6128.956,"endTime":6130.624,"body":"to shoot an unarmed man."},{"startTime":6131.191,"endTime":6131.391,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":6132.426,"endTime":6133.494,"body":"The person who did that"},{"startTime":6133.494,"endTime":6136.196,"body":"shooting would be guilty."},{"startTime":6137.865,"endTime":6140.334,"body":"The person the shooting into the air, the"},{"startTime":6140.334,"endTime":6142.636,"body":"person who shot Alex Pretti might well"},{"startTime":6142.636,"endTime":6144.671,"body":"not be based on the fact, even though"},{"startTime":6144.671,"endTime":6147.074,"body":"their belief was mistaken, that they were"},{"startTime":6147.074,"endTime":6148.075,"body":"under imminent threat."},{"startTime":6148.709,"endTime":6150.511,"body":"So the law, if it works properly, is"},{"startTime":6150.511,"endTime":6151.678,"body":"going to ask is in the"},{"startTime":6151.678,"endTime":6152.679,"body":"case of each shooter."},{"startTime":6152.679,"endTime":6154.081,"body":"And in fact, each shot,"},{"startTime":6154.515,"endTime":6155.516,"body":"how many shooters were there?"},{"startTime":6156.683,"endTime":6157.217,"body":"I don't know."},{"startTime":6157.484,"endTime":6160.42,"body":"But it was like there, I think there were"},{"startTime":6160.42,"endTime":6162.189,"body":"at least six officers there."},{"startTime":6162.189,"endTime":6163.524,"body":"I don't know how many of them shot and"},{"startTime":6163.524,"endTime":6164.791,"body":"how many shot multiple times."},{"startTime":6165.225,"endTime":6167.194,"body":"It does certainly look to me like there"},{"startTime":6167.194,"endTime":6169.863,"body":"are shots fired after he's already"},{"startTime":6169.863,"endTime":6170.831,"body":"limping on the ground."},{"startTime":6172.533,"endTime":6173.267,"body":"But again, these are all"},{"startTime":6173.267,"endTime":6174.468,"body":"split second decisions."},{"startTime":6174.835,"endTime":6177.07,"body":"But there's a lot of other context here."},{"startTime":6178.172,"endTime":6178.338,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6178.605,"endTime":6181.141,"body":"And so one of the points I want to make"},{"startTime":6181.141,"endTime":6185.546,"body":"is that you can't apply"},{"startTime":6185.546,"endTime":6187.347,"body":"the school ground logic."},{"startTime":6187.614,"endTime":6189.316,"body":"You can't zoom in on the"},{"startTime":6189.316,"endTime":6191.051,"body":"event and say, who is the victim?"},{"startTime":6191.285,"endTime":6192.719,"body":"We actually know who the victim is."},{"startTime":6192.92,"endTime":6193.587,"body":"It's Alex Pretti."},{"startTime":6194.288,"endTime":6197.024,"body":"Did he do anything for which"},{"startTime":6197.024,"endTime":6199.426,"body":"death is the right sentence?"},{"startTime":6199.66,"endTime":6201.328,"body":"No, he hadn't been convicted of anything."},{"startTime":6201.328,"endTime":6202.763,"body":"He wasn't brandishing a weapon."},{"startTime":6203.997,"endTime":6204.631,"body":"You know, he was allowed"},{"startTime":6204.631,"endTime":6205.966,"body":"to carry the weapon he had."},{"startTime":6206.567,"endTime":6207.434,"body":"On the other hand,"},{"startTime":6210.137,"endTime":6212.973,"body":"the context, the fact that you have"},{"startTime":6212.973,"endTime":6218.045,"body":"officers engaged in an operation,"},{"startTime":6219.112,"endTime":6222.516,"body":"we can argue about whether those officers"},{"startTime":6222.516,"endTime":6224.451,"body":"are well trained, whether the Trump"},{"startTime":6224.451,"endTime":6227.254,"body":"administration is acting intentionally in"},{"startTime":6227.254,"endTime":6231.124,"body":"a belligerent fashion because for"},{"startTime":6231.124,"endTime":6232.559,"body":"whatever reason, because it's one of the"},{"startTime":6232.559,"endTime":6233.427,"body":"things that it does."},{"startTime":6234.995,"endTime":6236.997,"body":"But we also have to look at the fact that"},{"startTime":6236.997,"endTime":6239.099,"body":"you've got an organized group of"},{"startTime":6239.099,"endTime":6241.602,"body":"protesters who are actually engaged in"},{"startTime":6241.602,"endTime":6244.705,"body":"things that amp up the likelihood, that"},{"startTime":6244.705,"endTime":6248.041,"body":"create the likelihood of a tragedy."},{"startTime":6248.675,"endTime":6248.875,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6249.376,"endTime":6252.813,"body":"That and you and I watched this up close."},{"startTime":6253.013,"endTime":6254.548,"body":"We actually went to the BLM"},{"startTime":6254.548,"endTime":6257.451,"body":"protests in Portland in 2020."},{"startTime":6258.118,"endTime":6262.089,"body":"And it is very clear that there is a game"},{"startTime":6262.089,"endTime":6263.991,"body":"and I will describe it for you."},{"startTime":6264.691,"endTime":6266.393,"body":"People might differ with aspects of it."},{"startTime":6266.593,"endTime":6268.729,"body":"But before you do, it is very clear that"},{"startTime":6268.729,"endTime":6269.73,"body":"there is a game that you can"},{"startTime":6269.73,"endTime":6271.231,"body":"see playing out on the ground."},{"startTime":6271.732,"endTime":6273.3,"body":"And then when you watch the media"},{"startTime":6273.3,"endTime":6275.435,"body":"portrayal of what is happening, it bears"},{"startTime":6275.435,"endTime":6277.437,"body":"so little resemblance to what is actually"},{"startTime":6277.437,"endTime":6278.639,"body":"happening on the ground."},{"startTime":6278.639,"endTime":6282.409,"body":"This is part of why I say I do not know"},{"startTime":6282.409,"endTime":6284.478,"body":"what is happening in Minneapolis now,"},{"startTime":6285.145,"endTime":6287.347,"body":"just as I did not know what was happening"},{"startTime":6287.347,"endTime":6289.349,"body":"in the end of May of 2020 in Minneapolis."},{"startTime":6290.217,"endTime":6294.087,"body":"But I saw we both saw with our own eyes"},{"startTime":6294.087,"endTime":6296.49,"body":"what was happening in Portland on several"},{"startTime":6296.49,"endTime":6299.993,"body":"nights during the kind of were 100"},{"startTime":6299.993,"endTime":6302.029,"body":"consecutive days of protests that turned"},{"startTime":6302.029,"endTime":6305.365,"body":"into 100 consecutive days of riots in the"},{"startTime":6305.365,"endTime":6308.468,"body":"city of Portland following the death of"},{"startTime":6308.468,"endTime":6310.037,"body":"George Floyd in Minneapolis in the end of"},{"startTime":6310.037,"endTime":6312.472,"body":"May, which of course was prompted in part"},{"startTime":6312.472,"endTime":6314.708,"body":"by the lockdowns and people just, you"},{"startTime":6314.708,"endTime":6315.876,"body":"know, feeling you need to get out on the"},{"startTime":6315.876,"endTime":6316.91,"body":"streets and all of this."},{"startTime":6316.91,"endTime":6318.578,"body":"But none of that is an excuse."},{"startTime":6318.612,"endTime":6320.847,"body":"The fact is the media representation and"},{"startTime":6320.847,"endTime":6322.315,"body":"what was happening on the ground for so"},{"startTime":6322.315,"endTime":6324.251,"body":"little resemblance to one another that"},{"startTime":6324.251,"endTime":6326.62,"body":"why anyone trusts that what they were"},{"startTime":6326.62,"endTime":6328.722,"body":"seeing through their screens is true."},{"startTime":6328.722,"endTime":6329.556,"body":"I do not know."},{"startTime":6331.491,"endTime":6335.829,"body":"So and I think the key thing is phones"},{"startTime":6335.829,"endTime":6339.399,"body":"and then screens capture certain things"},{"startTime":6339.399,"endTime":6341.034,"body":"and they fail to capture other things."},{"startTime":6341.935,"endTime":6343.303,"body":"And you know, in Portland,"},{"startTime":6344.337,"endTime":6345.806,"body":"I'll just tell you my honest impression"},{"startTime":6345.806,"endTime":6348.975,"body":"of what was taking place is that you had"},{"startTime":6348.975,"endTime":6352.779,"body":"a highly organized resistance force"},{"startTime":6352.779,"endTime":6354.414,"body":"calling itself Antifa."},{"startTime":6355.882,"endTime":6358.218,"body":"Antifa was doing everything in its power"},{"startTime":6358.218,"endTime":6363.323,"body":"to antagonize the law enforcement, all of"},{"startTime":6363.323,"endTime":6365.058,"body":"it, whether it was beds"},{"startTime":6365.058,"endTime":6366.593,"body":"who showed up local cops."},{"startTime":6367.16,"endTime":6369.329,"body":"They were demonizing those people in the"},{"startTime":6369.329,"endTime":6370.964,"body":"most disgusting terms."},{"startTime":6370.997,"endTime":6372.833,"body":"They literally I remember one night there"},{"startTime":6372.833,"endTime":6378.372,"body":"was a a pig's head burned in front of the"},{"startTime":6378.372,"endTime":6379.272,"body":"courthouse where the"},{"startTime":6379.272,"endTime":6380.774,"body":"riots occurred every night."},{"startTime":6381.208,"endTime":6384.211,"body":"There were certainly threats of death"},{"startTime":6384.211,"endTime":6385.412,"body":"against the police"},{"startTime":6385.412,"endTime":6387.748,"body":"scrawled on walls commonly."},{"startTime":6389.282,"endTime":6393.754,"body":"There were people launching babies at the"},{"startTime":6393.754,"endTime":6397.657,"body":"federal officers with slingshots."},{"startTime":6398.091,"endTime":6399.226,"body":"That's a that's"},{"startTime":6399.226,"endTime":6400.227,"body":"assault with a deadly weapon."},{"startTime":6401.194,"endTime":6403.13,"body":"It doesn't look like a gun."},{"startTime":6403.13,"endTime":6405.031,"body":"You don't you know, to the extent that"},{"startTime":6405.031,"endTime":6406.333,"body":"you may capture somebody with a"},{"startTime":6406.333,"endTime":6407.367,"body":"slingshot, you don't see"},{"startTime":6407.367,"endTime":6408.268,"body":"who they've launched it at."},{"startTime":6408.268,"endTime":6410.37,"body":"It doesn't read the same way somebody"},{"startTime":6410.37,"endTime":6411.772,"body":"pulling a gun on somebody does."},{"startTime":6412.906,"endTime":6419.079,"body":"And the idea, I think, is what we need is"},{"startTime":6419.079,"endTime":6423.15,"body":"an undeniable abuse of"},{"startTime":6423.15,"endTime":6425.285,"body":"power captured on film."},{"startTime":6426.052,"endTime":6427.287,"body":"We need you to see"},{"startTime":6427.287,"endTime":6429.623,"body":"somebody brutalized by a cop and."},{"startTime":6430.423,"endTime":6430.69,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":6431.258,"endTime":6434.427,"body":"Antifa wants a cop to brutalize somebody"},{"startTime":6434.427,"endTime":6436.263,"body":"on camera and to capture it"},{"startTime":6436.263,"endTime":6437.731,"body":"and say, see, told you fascism."},{"startTime":6438.131,"endTime":6438.331,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6439.533,"endTime":6442.669,"body":"The part that was most surprising was"},{"startTime":6442.669,"endTime":6444.771,"body":"that the city government in Portland"},{"startTime":6444.771,"endTime":6447.908,"body":"appeared to be on the side of Antifa"},{"startTime":6447.908,"endTime":6451.978,"body":"hobbling the police so that they were in"},{"startTime":6451.978,"endTime":6454.548,"body":"a disadvantaged, dangerous position,"},{"startTime":6455.649,"endTime":6457.517,"body":"were reacting out of their emigulas"},{"startTime":6457.517,"endTime":6458.885,"body":"rather than being backed"},{"startTime":6458.885,"endTime":6461.321,"body":"by, you know, city government."},{"startTime":6462.989,"endTime":6464.758,"body":"They knew they were in legal jeopardy."},{"startTime":6465.392,"endTime":6468.261,"body":"So their ability, their their desire to"},{"startTime":6468.261,"endTime":6471.398,"body":"enforce the law is reduced because, you"},{"startTime":6471.398,"endTime":6472.632,"body":"know, it's harder to sue somebody who"},{"startTime":6472.632,"endTime":6474.601,"body":"doesn't show up and step in than somebody"},{"startTime":6474.601,"endTime":6477.237,"body":"who steps in and something goes wrong."},{"startTime":6477.504,"endTime":6478.839,"body":"So anyway, you had the police stepping"},{"startTime":6478.839,"endTime":6480.34,"body":"back, you had the federal forces."},{"startTime":6480.607,"endTime":6482.309,"body":"I mean, yeah."},{"startTime":6483.343,"endTime":6486.713,"body":"Like the police were literally defunded."},{"startTime":6487.614,"endTime":6489.015,"body":"People took early retirements."},{"startTime":6489.549,"endTime":6491.852,"body":"They saw a huge decrease in"},{"startTime":6491.852,"endTime":6493.553,"body":"applications to join the force."},{"startTime":6494.554,"endTime":6495.589,"body":"Ted Wheeler, then the mayor,"},{"startTime":6496.623,"endTime":6499.392,"body":"was, you know, he was just one in a long"},{"startTime":6499.392,"endTime":6501.428,"body":"list of hapless boobs leading various"},{"startTime":6501.428,"endTime":6503.129,"body":"West Coast jurisdictions and, you know,"},{"startTime":6503.129,"endTime":6504.197,"body":"all across the country."},{"startTime":6504.197,"endTime":6504.865,"body":"But, you know, we happen to"},{"startTime":6504.865,"endTime":6505.699,"body":"know the West Coast better."},{"startTime":6506.533,"endTime":6508.301,"body":"And, you know, he literally apologized"},{"startTime":6508.301,"endTime":6512.172,"body":"when Antifa broke into the condo building"},{"startTime":6512.172,"endTime":6513.673,"body":"that he lived in, set it on fire."},{"startTime":6513.974,"endTime":6514.374,"body":"And he moved."},{"startTime":6514.875,"endTime":6516.91,"body":"He apologized to them."},{"startTime":6517.911,"endTime":6519.279,"body":"I don't know if he even apologized to his"},{"startTime":6519.279,"endTime":6520.213,"body":"neighbors and he moved."},{"startTime":6520.614,"endTime":6520.747,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6520.914,"endTime":6522.916,"body":"That's the kind of spineless idiots we"},{"startTime":6522.916,"endTime":6524.251,"body":"have in so-called leadership."},{"startTime":6524.584,"endTime":6526.386,"body":"Well, speaking of spineless idiots,"},{"startTime":6527.954,"endTime":6529.289,"body":"and mind you, I'm trying to do"},{"startTime":6529.289,"endTime":6530.557,"body":"this in a non-prejudiced way."},{"startTime":6530.991,"endTime":6531.324,"body":"Sorry."},{"startTime":6532.125,"endTime":6532.626,"body":"It should be quite."},{"startTime":6532.626,"endTime":6536.329,"body":"Tim Walz is beyond my limit."},{"startTime":6536.329,"endTime":6539.399,"body":"I cannot stomach this guy because he is"},{"startTime":6539.399,"endTime":6543.97,"body":"so clearly playing the cry bully role."},{"startTime":6544.204,"endTime":6545.972,"body":"So we have Ted Wheeler in Portland, who,"},{"startTime":6545.972,"endTime":6548.575,"body":"you know, you and I watched set the"},{"startTime":6548.575,"endTime":6549.643,"body":"community up, you know,"},{"startTime":6549.643,"endTime":6551.311,"body":"basically poured gasoline on a fire."},{"startTime":6552.245,"endTime":6555.248,"body":"And here we have Tim Walz, who I'm"},{"startTime":6555.248,"endTime":6557.45,"body":"alerted to from Tucker, who showed this"},{"startTime":6557.45,"endTime":6560.353,"body":"clip on his most recent broadcast."},{"startTime":6560.587,"endTime":6562.722,"body":"Take a listen to Tim Walz talking about"},{"startTime":6562.722,"endTime":6564.524,"body":"the situation unfolding in Minneapolis."},{"startTime":6564.524,"endTime":6565.292,"body":"So this is now."},{"startTime":6565.292,"endTime":6566.192,"body":"Yeah. In the last couple of days."},{"startTime":6566.393,"endTime":6566.593,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":6567.027,"endTime":6570.263,"body":"This is a guy who is in the middle of the"},{"startTime":6570.263,"endTime":6571.531,"body":"biggest political"},{"startTime":6571.531,"endTime":6573.166,"body":"scandal in the state's history."},{"startTime":6574.0,"endTime":6575.835,"body":"It's the Somali welfare scam"},{"startTime":6575.835,"endTime":6578.872,"body":"that has just been exposed."},{"startTime":6580.807,"endTime":6582.475,"body":"That you've been watching on Instagram."},{"startTime":6583.009,"endTime":6585.078,"body":"Here's one example, Tim Walz."},{"startTime":6585.879,"endTime":6589.382,"body":"We have got children in Minnesota hiding"},{"startTime":6589.382,"endTime":6591.851,"body":"in their houses afraid to go outside."},{"startTime":6592.852,"endTime":6594.254,"body":"Many of us grew up reading"},{"startTime":6594.254,"endTime":6595.422,"body":"that story of Anne Frank."},{"startTime":6597.39,"endTime":6598.792,"body":"Somebody's going to write that children's"},{"startTime":6598.792,"endTime":6599.693,"body":"story about Minnesota."},{"startTime":6601.194,"endTime":6602.395,"body":"And there's one person"},{"startTime":6602.395,"endTime":6604.798,"body":"who can end this now."},{"startTime":6605.732,"endTime":6607.2,"body":"Someone's going to write"},{"startTime":6607.2,"endTime":6608.835,"body":"that story about Minnesota."},{"startTime":6609.135,"endTime":6610.37,"body":"Now he's referring to"},{"startTime":6610.37,"endTime":6611.805,"body":"Anne Frank, of course,"},{"startTime":6612.906,"endTime":6615.041,"body":"the little Jewish girl who was killed in"},{"startTime":6615.041,"endTime":6616.91,"body":"a Nazi concentration camp after hiding"},{"startTime":6616.91,"endTime":6618.845,"body":"for more than a year with her family in"},{"startTime":6618.845,"endTime":6621.247,"body":"the secret alcove from the Nazis."},{"startTime":6622.615,"endTime":6624.751,"body":"It's a story that most American children"},{"startTime":6624.751,"endTime":6626.619,"body":"are very familiar with."},{"startTime":6627.487,"endTime":6629.823,"body":"And it's the most terrifying possible"},{"startTime":6629.823,"endTime":6631.925,"body":"thing you could ever say to a population"},{"startTime":6632.525,"endTime":6634.127,"body":"that the president of the United States"},{"startTime":6634.127,"endTime":6636.663,"body":"and his armed agents are going to kill"},{"startTime":6636.663,"endTime":6639.232,"body":"you like they did Anne Frank."},{"startTime":6640.433,"endTime":6643.069,"body":"So the people I'm opposed to are not"},{"startTime":6643.069,"endTime":6645.872,"body":"simply Nazis in some theoretical sense."},{"startTime":6646.506,"endTime":6649.309,"body":"They're coming here to round you and your"},{"startTime":6649.309,"endTime":6651.111,"body":"children up and take"},{"startTime":6651.111,"endTime":6652.545,"body":"them to a death camp."},{"startTime":6653.713,"endTime":6659.152,"body":"Okay, so put aside what Tucker has to say"},{"startTime":6659.152,"endTime":6660.453,"body":"here, which I agree with."},{"startTime":6661.254,"endTime":6662.989,"body":"You can clearly see that"},{"startTime":6664.124,"endTime":6668.461,"body":"Tim Walz is attempting to put his own"},{"startTime":6668.461,"endTime":6671.731,"body":"population in a mindset where that thing"},{"startTime":6671.731,"endTime":6675.402,"body":"that you feared since you were a child is"},{"startTime":6675.402,"endTime":6677.37,"body":"actually unfolding on your own streets."},{"startTime":6677.971,"endTime":6680.607,"body":"You therefore know who the bad guys are,"},{"startTime":6680.607,"endTime":6682.142,"body":"what they're capable of."},{"startTime":6682.776,"endTime":6684.911,"body":"The fact that children are hiding in"},{"startTime":6684.911,"endTime":6686.846,"body":"their homes already tells"},{"startTime":6686.846,"endTime":6688.782,"body":"you where we are in the story."},{"startTime":6689.349,"endTime":6694.087,"body":"I mean, this is, it's Ted Wheeler pouring"},{"startTime":6694.087,"endTime":6697.29,"body":"gasoline on Portland, is Tim Walz pouring"},{"startTime":6697.29,"endTime":6699.459,"body":"gasoline on Minneapolis."},{"startTime":6699.926,"endTime":6701.294,"body":"It's the same play."},{"startTime":6701.761,"endTime":6703.93,"body":"It's, it is the same play, but I mean, in"},{"startTime":6703.93,"endTime":6705.398,"body":"some ways it's even, it's"},{"startTime":6705.398,"endTime":6707.233,"body":"additional plays as well."},{"startTime":6708.702,"endTime":6711.738,"body":"All you have to do to prove that you're"},{"startTime":6711.738,"endTime":6714.407,"body":"in mortal danger is act as"},{"startTime":6714.407,"endTime":6715.575,"body":"if you're in mortal danger."},{"startTime":6716.443,"endTime":6718.511,"body":"That's the standard of evidence."},{"startTime":6718.511,"endTime":6719.112,"body":"Or believe it."},{"startTime":6719.345,"endTime":6720.213,"body":"So parents,"},{"startTime":6721.247,"endTime":6725.385,"body":"fucking psychopathic parents are going to"},{"startTime":6725.385,"endTime":6729.489,"body":"impose trauma and fear on their children"},{"startTime":6729.489,"endTime":6731.324,"body":"and tell them they can't leave the house."},{"startTime":6731.324,"endTime":6732.425,"body":"And that's going to spread."},{"startTime":6733.026,"endTime":6733.893,"body":"And Tim Walz is going"},{"startTime":6733.893,"endTime":6736.262,"body":"to use that as proof,"},{"startTime":6737.33,"endTime":6740.433,"body":"not that there are really bad parents out"},{"startTime":6740.433,"endTime":6741.935,"body":"there who are abusing their children"},{"startTime":6742.135,"endTime":6744.404,"body":"psychologically with fear and trauma that"},{"startTime":6744.404,"endTime":6747.273,"body":"is imposed by in part them,"},{"startTime":6748.374,"endTime":6749.576,"body":"but proof of"},{"startTime":6751.311,"endTime":6754.748,"body":"a Hitlerian level invasion in their city."},{"startTime":6755.815,"endTime":6756.583,"body":"How is that proof?"},{"startTime":6757.083,"endTime":6757.383,"body":"Like what,"},{"startTime":6759.018,"endTime":6763.923,"body":"how did we get to a place where not just,"},{"startTime":6765.592,"endTime":6768.628,"body":"not only is empathy invoked"},{"startTime":6768.628,"endTime":6771.297,"body":"inappropriately at every level, but"},{"startTime":6771.297,"endTime":6773.133,"body":"analysis does not exist."},{"startTime":6773.7,"endTime":6774.968,"body":"There's no logic here."},{"startTime":6775.635,"endTime":6777.837,"body":"If all you have to do to prove that"},{"startTime":6777.837,"endTime":6780.173,"body":"Hitler's back is there are children"},{"startTime":6780.173,"endTime":6783.51,"body":"hiding in their homes, then all you have"},{"startTime":6783.51,"endTime":6784.144,"body":"to do is get children"},{"startTime":6784.144,"endTime":6785.211,"body":"to hide in their homes."},{"startTime":6785.211,"endTime":6788.448,"body":"And, and I don't even know,"},{"startTime":6788.448,"endTime":6789.849,"body":"Abra Kadabra, you've proven it."},{"startTime":6789.849,"endTime":6790.35,"body":"A hundred percent."},{"startTime":6790.884,"endTime":6792.418,"body":"Now let me give you another example."},{"startTime":6792.619,"endTime":6793.82,"body":"And mind you, I'm not"},{"startTime":6793.82,"endTime":6795.755,"body":"going to come out in,"},{"startTime":6797.59,"endTime":6799.259,"body":"this is a clear story."},{"startTime":6799.492,"endTime":6801.06,"body":"I don't think this is a clear story, but"},{"startTime":6801.06,"endTime":6802.896,"body":"I think certain elements of it are clear."},{"startTime":6803.229,"endTime":6804.164,"body":"Here's another one."},{"startTime":6805.131,"endTime":6808.701,"body":"You have ICE agents, again, I'm not"},{"startTime":6808.701,"endTime":6810.003,"body":"saying these are the right people."},{"startTime":6810.003,"endTime":6811.271,"body":"I'm not saying they're well-trained."},{"startTime":6811.504,"endTime":6813.506,"body":"I'm not saying that the Trump"},{"startTime":6813.506,"endTime":6814.874,"body":"administration is not acting"},{"startTime":6814.874,"endTime":6816.843,"body":"intentionally in a belligerent way for a"},{"startTime":6816.843,"endTime":6818.411,"body":"reason, for its own political reasons."},{"startTime":6818.411,"endTime":6819.012,"body":"You're not saying the"},{"startTime":6819.012,"endTime":6819.913,"body":"opposite of those things."},{"startTime":6819.913,"endTime":6820.547,"body":"I'm not saying it."},{"startTime":6820.747,"endTime":6821.047,"body":"Just make a note."},{"startTime":6821.114,"endTime":6822.182,"body":"I'm saying one way or the other."},{"startTime":6822.715,"endTime":6826.753,"body":"But I am saying the optics of these guys"},{"startTime":6826.753,"endTime":6830.089,"body":"masked with their sunglasses descending"},{"startTime":6830.089,"endTime":6834.494,"body":"on American cities is appalling."},{"startTime":6835.862,"endTime":6836.729,"body":"It's just gross."},{"startTime":6837.063,"endTime":6839.599,"body":"These people are obviously embarrassed at"},{"startTime":6839.599,"endTime":6841.267,"body":"what they're doing, except"},{"startTime":6841.267,"endTime":6842.969,"body":"they're also being doxed."},{"startTime":6843.937,"endTime":6847.106,"body":"I don't know what the right response is."},{"startTime":6847.106,"endTime":6848.308,"body":"If you're a federal officer"},{"startTime":6848.308,"endTime":6850.743,"body":"being accused of being a Nazi"},{"startTime":6851.945,"endTime":6854.48,"body":"and you're being doxed, you're having"},{"startTime":6854.48,"endTime":6858.785,"body":"your actual identity exposed, you're"},{"startTime":6858.785,"endTime":6861.955,"body":"being, it's being said online that you"},{"startTime":6861.955,"endTime":6866.426,"body":"are justifying, being shot, whatever."},{"startTime":6866.759,"endTime":6867.794,"body":"These things are all happening."},{"startTime":6869.095,"endTime":6871.831,"body":"Concealing your identity is not an"},{"startTime":6871.831,"endTime":6872.899,"body":"unreasonable thing to do."},{"startTime":6872.899,"endTime":6874.567,"body":"I don't know what the solution is."},{"startTime":6874.567,"endTime":6877.103,"body":"If people are allowed to dox you de facto"},{"startTime":6877.103,"endTime":6881.207,"body":"or actually by law, then disguising"},{"startTime":6881.207,"endTime":6883.076,"body":"yourself makes sense, which then makes"},{"startTime":6883.076,"endTime":6885.411,"body":"you look like a shameful Nazi hiding your"},{"startTime":6885.411,"endTime":6887.747,"body":"identity because of what you're doing."},{"startTime":6889.749,"endTime":6892.752,"body":"Again, Paul, I don't know the images"},{"startTime":6892.752,"endTime":6893.419,"body":"you're referring to."},{"startTime":6893.419,"endTime":6894.387,"body":"I have not been paying attention."},{"startTime":6895.255,"endTime":6896.789,"body":"But what you just described doesn't"},{"startTime":6896.789,"endTime":6899.392,"body":"sound, frankly, any different from what"},{"startTime":6899.392,"endTime":6901.294,"body":"we saw with regard to ICE and protesters"},{"startTime":6901.294,"endTime":6902.395,"body":"in Portland in 2020."},{"startTime":6903.029,"endTime":6904.964,"body":"It's the same playbook."},{"startTime":6905.131,"endTime":6906.532,"body":"It's the same fricking playbook."},{"startTime":6907.333,"endTime":6910.27,"body":"Do they look powerful"},{"startTime":6910.27,"endTime":6911.604,"body":"and their wielding weapons?"},{"startTime":6911.604,"endTime":6913.506,"body":"Well, yes, that is their job."},{"startTime":6913.84,"endTime":6915.208,"body":"That is what they're there for."},{"startTime":6916.276,"endTime":6920.847,"body":"Are you inherently scared and going to"},{"startTime":6920.847,"endTime":6923.049,"body":"fight back against anyone who shows up"},{"startTime":6923.049,"endTime":6924.651,"body":"looking powerful and wielding weapons?"},{"startTime":6925.184,"endTime":6928.454,"body":"Well, then it's a stand up."},{"startTime":6929.489,"endTime":6932.825,"body":"If there is literally nothing that could"},{"startTime":6932.825,"endTime":6935.862,"body":"happen that would warrant force,"},{"startTime":6937.53,"endTime":6939.699,"body":"then you are asking for anarchy."},{"startTime":6940.3,"endTime":6941.534,"body":"And of course, we know that some people"},{"startTime":6941.534,"endTime":6942.568,"body":"are asking for anarchy,"},{"startTime":6942.568,"endTime":6943.569,"body":"but most people aren't."},{"startTime":6944.37,"endTime":6946.439,"body":"Most people just haven't followed through"},{"startTime":6946.439,"endTime":6948.942,"body":"their own arguments about what it is that"},{"startTime":6948.942,"endTime":6951.044,"body":"they would like to happen and what would"},{"startTime":6951.044,"endTime":6952.445,"body":"happen if the things that they are asking"},{"startTime":6952.445,"endTime":6954.714,"body":"for were to come true."},{"startTime":6955.715,"endTime":6960.086,"body":"And in many cases among those on the"},{"startTime":6960.086,"endTime":6961.754,"body":"liberal left, it's chaos."},{"startTime":6962.088,"endTime":6962.789,"body":"It's complete chaos."},{"startTime":6963.656,"endTime":6967.727,"body":"I think it's also proceeding because"},{"startTime":6967.727,"endTime":6973.066,"body":"people do not understand the novelty of"},{"startTime":6973.066,"endTime":6974.233,"body":"the environment in which"},{"startTime":6974.233,"endTime":6975.335,"body":"they are trying to make sense."},{"startTime":6975.835,"endTime":6976.469,"body":"And on the one hand,"},{"startTime":6976.469,"endTime":6977.67,"body":"it's completely obvious."},{"startTime":6977.67,"endTime":6978.271,"body":"It will be even more"},{"startTime":6978.271,"endTime":6979.272,"body":"obvious to you and me."},{"startTime":6979.939,"endTime":6984.51,"body":"But a human being is evolved to"},{"startTime":6986.446,"endTime":6987.914,"body":"look at a situation,"},{"startTime":6989.315,"endTime":6992.051,"body":"having incomplete information, to render"},{"startTime":6992.051,"endTime":6993.686,"body":"a judgment, to understand"},{"startTime":6993.686,"endTime":6995.588,"body":"what its likely implications are."},{"startTime":6995.955,"endTime":6997.89,"body":"If they didn't see the event,"},{"startTime":6997.89,"endTime":6999.993,"body":"particularly they hear the reports, they"},{"startTime":6999.993,"endTime":7001.594,"body":"likely know the people from whom they"},{"startTime":7001.594,"endTime":7003.596,"body":"hear the reports and can detect whether"},{"startTime":7003.596,"endTime":7005.031,"body":"or not these people are reliable"},{"startTime":7005.031,"endTime":7006.499,"body":"witnesses, whether they have known"},{"startTime":7006.499,"endTime":7007.633,"body":"biases, all of these things."},{"startTime":7007.934,"endTime":7009.836,"body":"We are denied all of those tools."},{"startTime":7009.836,"endTime":7013.006,"body":"We are looking through a keyhole at an"},{"startTime":7013.006,"endTime":7015.041,"body":"event and don't know what"},{"startTime":7015.041,"endTime":7016.609,"body":"the context of the event is."},{"startTime":7016.609,"endTime":7020.046,"body":"And we don't know what players have a"},{"startTime":7020.046,"endTime":7022.849,"body":"stake in what conclusion we reach about"},{"startTime":7022.849,"endTime":7026.753,"body":"it, which is it ought to cause us to be"},{"startTime":7026.753,"endTime":7029.789,"body":"incredibly skeptical of what we think we"},{"startTime":7029.789,"endTime":7030.857,"body":"know about these events."},{"startTime":7031.891,"endTime":7034.093,"body":"And maybe the next thing to do is just to"},{"startTime":7034.093,"endTime":7037.73,"body":"take a look at two reports."},{"startTime":7038.364,"endTime":7039.432,"body":"You basically have two"},{"startTime":7039.432,"endTime":7040.933,"body":"sides that have developed here."},{"startTime":7041.901,"endTime":7044.103,"body":"Instead of there being a sort of, \"Oh"},{"startTime":7044.103,"endTime":7045.405,"body":"gosh, this is not good."},{"startTime":7045.405,"endTime":7046.406,"body":"It's bad for America."},{"startTime":7046.406,"endTime":7047.34,"body":"What do we do about it?\""},{"startTime":7047.34,"endTime":7048.307,"body":"There are two sides."},{"startTime":7048.574,"endTime":7050.209,"body":"In what way is this bad for America?"},{"startTime":7050.209,"endTime":7051.544,"body":"Which thing is bad for America?"},{"startTime":7051.744,"endTime":7053.813,"body":"Is it the ICE enforcement?"},{"startTime":7054.313,"endTime":7057.717,"body":"And you have protesters who are rightly"},{"startTime":7057.717,"endTime":7059.152,"body":"standing in the way of"},{"startTime":7059.152,"endTime":7061.821,"body":"an un-American operation?"},{"startTime":7062.688,"endTime":7065.491,"body":"Or is it that we have a terrible problem"},{"startTime":7065.491,"endTime":7068.628,"body":"with immigration and the fact that our"},{"startTime":7068.628,"endTime":7070.129,"body":"border was open and we don't know who"},{"startTime":7070.129,"endTime":7071.564,"body":"came into the country, there's lots of"},{"startTime":7071.564,"endTime":7074.133,"body":"crime being committed, and we have to"},{"startTime":7074.133,"endTime":7075.668,"body":"address it and it's going to be ugly."},{"startTime":7075.668,"endTime":7078.171,"body":"But that's the price of"},{"startTime":7078.171,"endTime":7079.372,"body":"administering the nation."},{"startTime":7079.872,"endTime":7082.909,"body":"These two unreconcilable world views are"},{"startTime":7082.909,"endTime":7085.778,"body":"being deployed in real time, mostly to"},{"startTime":7085.778,"endTime":7086.546,"body":"their own audiences."},{"startTime":7086.979,"endTime":7088.347,"body":"Instead of compelling anybody on the"},{"startTime":7088.347,"endTime":7089.148,"body":"other side, they're"},{"startTime":7089.148,"endTime":7090.583,"body":"preaching to their own choir."},{"startTime":7090.583,"endTime":7092.251,"body":"So let's look at two."},{"startTime":7092.251,"endTime":7093.152,"body":"You want to start with,"},{"startTime":7093.953,"endTime":7095.087,"body":"I don't know, Fox News?"},{"startTime":7097.19,"endTime":7099.425,"body":"ICE was zeroing in on a foreign fugitive"},{"startTime":7099.425,"endTime":7101.694,"body":"from Ecuador, wanted for domestic"},{"startTime":7101.727,"endTime":7104.564,"body":"assault, when anti-ICE agitators pinned"},{"startTime":7104.564,"endTime":7106.299,"body":"agents down in a narrow street."},{"startTime":7107.2,"endTime":7108.968,"body":"Border Patrol was attempting to remove"},{"startTime":7108.968,"endTime":7112.004,"body":"the mob when a guy with a concealed gun"},{"startTime":7112.004,"endTime":7113.806,"body":"physically confronted Border"},{"startTime":7113.806,"endTime":7115.575,"body":"Patrol and resisted arrest."},{"startTime":7116.409,"endTime":7118.044,"body":"Viewer warning, this is graphic."},{"startTime":7138.297,"endTime":7144.103,"body":"(Beep) (Screaming)"},{"startTime":7153.646,"endTime":7155.448,"body":"The shooting is now under investigation"},{"startTime":7155.448,"endTime":7157.783,"body":"and body cameras are being reviewed."},{"startTime":7158.484,"endTime":7160.953,"body":"When Alex Prettie approached the agents,"},{"startTime":7161.187,"endTime":7163.523,"body":"he was packing a fully loaded six-hour,"},{"startTime":7163.523,"endTime":7164.09,"body":"nine-millimeter"},{"startTime":7164.09,"endTime":7166.392,"body":"handgun with two full mags."},{"startTime":7166.792,"endTime":7168.594,"body":"He did have a concealed carry permit."},{"startTime":7169.495,"endTime":7171.597,"body":"Reports say he did not have an ID on him,"},{"startTime":7171.998,"endTime":7173.599,"body":"and we don't know whether he alerted"},{"startTime":7173.599,"endTime":7176.269,"body":"officers that he was carrying, which is"},{"startTime":7176.269,"endTime":7177.803,"body":"what everybody with a concealed carry"},{"startTime":7177.803,"endTime":7179.472,"body":"permit is instructed to do when"},{"startTime":7179.472,"endTime":7180.973,"body":"encountered by law enforcement."},{"startTime":7181.874,"endTime":7183.843,"body":"Resisting arrest with a loaded gun is"},{"startTime":7183.843,"endTime":7185.578,"body":"incredibly dangerous."},{"startTime":7186.345,"endTime":7188.214,"body":"Video of the shooting shows agents"},{"startTime":7188.214,"endTime":7190.349,"body":"yelling \"gun, gun, during the struggle.\""},{"startTime":7190.983,"endTime":7192.985,"body":"One video is believed to show an agent"},{"startTime":7192.985,"endTime":7196.189,"body":"removing Alex Prettie's weapon before the"},{"startTime":7196.189,"endTime":7198.124,"body":"shooting, but it's still unclear."},{"startTime":7198.925,"endTime":7201.294,"body":"DHS is investigating whether Alex"},{"startTime":7201.294,"endTime":7202.361,"body":"Prettie's gun may have"},{"startTime":7202.361,"endTime":7203.696,"body":"accidentally discharged."},{"startTime":7204.43,"endTime":7206.432,"body":"This particular pistol has a history of"},{"startTime":7206.432,"endTime":7208.534,"body":"accidental misfires that may have"},{"startTime":7208.534,"endTime":7209.969,"body":"triggered Border Patrol to defend"},{"startTime":7209.969,"endTime":7211.504,"body":"themselves with deadly force."},{"startTime":7212.171,"endTime":7213.472,"body":"It's a very loud,"},{"startTime":7213.472,"endTime":7214.941,"body":"violent, and chaotic scene."},{"startTime":7215.708,"endTime":7217.009,"body":"And these are the types of things that"},{"startTime":7217.009,"endTime":7220.212,"body":"happen, unfortunately and sadly, when you"},{"startTime":7220.212,"endTime":7221.647,"body":"bring a loaded gun to a dangerous"},{"startTime":7221.647,"endTime":7223.282,"body":"immigration raid, confront"},{"startTime":7223.282,"endTime":7224.984,"body":"agents, and resist arrest."},{"startTime":7226.519,"endTime":7232.792,"body":"Let us now, just without comment, go to"},{"startTime":7232.792,"endTime":7234.994,"body":"the alternative view of events."},{"startTime":7234.994,"endTime":7235.628,"body":"This is CNN."},{"startTime":7236.862,"endTime":7237.93,"body":"Let's look at what they have to say."},{"startTime":7237.964,"endTime":7243.502,"body":"We have a new analysis on some of the"},{"startTime":7243.502,"endTime":7244.904,"body":"video that we've been showing you."},{"startTime":7245.571,"endTime":7247.84,"body":"CNN's Josh Campbell joins us now."},{"startTime":7247.84,"endTime":7249.141,"body":"Josh, tell us more."},{"startTime":7250.476,"endTime":7251.944,"body":"Well, Jake, this is critical new"},{"startTime":7251.944,"endTime":7253.512,"body":"information coming from our CNN"},{"startTime":7253.512,"endTime":7256.649,"body":"Investigates analysis of different angles"},{"startTime":7256.649,"endTime":7258.551,"body":"of this incident that we've seen, where"},{"startTime":7258.551,"endTime":7261.153,"body":"you actually see the fatal shooting of"},{"startTime":7261.153,"endTime":7262.655,"body":"this Minneapolis man."},{"startTime":7262.655,"endTime":7264.19,"body":"What we're learning from looking at these"},{"startTime":7264.19,"endTime":7266.659,"body":"different angles, it appears at one"},{"startTime":7266.659,"endTime":7269.328,"body":"point, as Alex Prettie is being held down"},{"startTime":7269.328,"endTime":7271.063,"body":"on the ground, officers are trying to"},{"startTime":7271.063,"endTime":7271.964,"body":"take him into custody."},{"startTime":7272.298,"endTime":7273.666,"body":"He does appear to be resisting."},{"startTime":7274.033,"endTime":7275.935,"body":"But at one point, it appears that a"},{"startTime":7275.968,"endTime":7278.07,"body":"federal immigration agent actually steps"},{"startTime":7278.07,"endTime":7281.14,"body":"forward into that scrum, reaches towards"},{"startTime":7281.14,"endTime":7284.31,"body":"his waistband, and appears to disarm him,"},{"startTime":7284.31,"endTime":7286.212,"body":"appears to pull a firearm away."},{"startTime":7286.712,"endTime":7288.848,"body":"So there hasn't been a dispute, I don't"},{"startTime":7288.848,"endTime":7290.216,"body":"think by anyone, that he"},{"startTime":7290.216,"endTime":7291.45,"body":"actually had a firearm."},{"startTime":7291.45,"endTime":7293.286,"body":"The Minneapolis police chief said that he"},{"startTime":7293.286,"endTime":7294.82,"body":"was a licensed gun owner."},{"startTime":7295.554,"endTime":7297.523,"body":"But it appears that that agent then pulls"},{"startTime":7297.523,"endTime":7300.359,"body":"the weapon, he steps away, just about one"},{"startTime":7300.359,"endTime":7301.927,"body":"second after that agent steps"},{"startTime":7301.927,"endTime":7303.896,"body":"away, then you hear gunfire."},{"startTime":7304.43,"endTime":7306.866,"body":"And it's unclear which agent actually"},{"startTime":7306.866,"endTime":7308.834,"body":"fired the first shot there."},{"startTime":7309.135,"endTime":7310.903,"body":"It's also unclear whether that agent who"},{"startTime":7310.903,"endTime":7313.139,"body":"appeared to remove his firearm from his"},{"startTime":7313.139,"endTime":7315.141,"body":"waistband actually signaled to others"},{"startTime":7315.141,"endTime":7317.943,"body":"around that he was removing the gun."},{"startTime":7317.943,"endTime":7319.679,"body":"But that is critical information, because"},{"startTime":7319.679,"endTime":7321.881,"body":"there is this question about what type of"},{"startTime":7321.881,"endTime":7323.449,"body":"threat did the agent who"},{"startTime":7323.449,"endTime":7325.651,"body":"fired first actually perceive."},{"startTime":7325.985,"endTime":7327.586,"body":"You could hear audio from agents saying"},{"startTime":7327.586,"endTime":7329.355,"body":"he's got a gun, he's got a gun, but"},{"startTime":7329.355,"endTime":7330.89,"body":"there's no indication in any video that"},{"startTime":7330.89,"endTime":7332.625,"body":"we've seen today that he was brandishing"},{"startTime":7332.625,"endTime":7334.493,"body":"the weapon, that he was pointing it at"},{"startTime":7334.493,"endTime":7336.095,"body":"any of the officers."},{"startTime":7336.595,"endTime":7337.83,"body":"And I can tell you, you know, as a former"},{"startTime":7337.83,"endTime":7339.865,"body":"law enforcement officer, by policy agents"},{"startTime":7339.865,"endTime":7342.268,"body":"are trained that you can only use deadly"},{"startTime":7342.368,"endTime":7344.136,"body":"force when there was an imminent threat"},{"startTime":7344.136,"endTime":7346.472,"body":"of death or serious physical injury to"},{"startTime":7346.472,"endTime":7348.441,"body":"yourself, the agent, or someone else."},{"startTime":7348.808,"endTime":7351.344,"body":"Nearly someone having a firearm on them"},{"startTime":7351.344,"endTime":7352.745,"body":"does not in and of itself"},{"startTime":7353.012,"endTime":7355.147,"body":"justify the use of deadly force."},{"startTime":7355.147,"endTime":7355.848,"body":"That person has to"},{"startTime":7355.848,"endTime":7357.049,"body":"pose some type of threat."},{"startTime":7359.018,"endTime":7360.82,"body":"Okay, so you have two"},{"startTime":7360.82,"endTime":7362.121,"body":"different portrayals."},{"startTime":7362.121,"endTime":7365.391,"body":"In one, you have Fox News pointing out"},{"startTime":7365.391,"endTime":7371.163,"body":"that Alex Preti was armed and involved"},{"startTime":7371.163,"endTime":7373.432,"body":"himself in a conflict and that that is"},{"startTime":7373.432,"endTime":7376.669,"body":"known to be a dangerous thing, the advice"},{"startTime":7376.669,"endTime":7381.574,"body":"given to people who are going to carry a"},{"startTime":7381.574,"endTime":7384.844,"body":"weapon is that they now have an extra"},{"startTime":7384.844,"endTime":7387.747,"body":"onus to avoid conflict because now any"},{"startTime":7387.747,"endTime":7389.515,"body":"conflict that they are involved in is a"},{"startTime":7389.515,"endTime":7390.583,"body":"conflict with a gun in it."},{"startTime":7390.783,"endTime":7392.151,"body":"Just to be clear, though, as far as you"},{"startTime":7392.151,"endTime":7395.054,"body":"know, in Minnesota, anyway, it may be"},{"startTime":7395.054,"endTime":7397.289,"body":"just different across states, a concealed"},{"startTime":7397.289,"endTime":7398.924,"body":"carry permit does not come with it the"},{"startTime":7398.924,"endTime":7400.526,"body":"onus, the obligation, the legal"},{"startTime":7400.626,"endTime":7403.529,"body":"obligation to inform officers whom you"},{"startTime":7403.529,"endTime":7404.663,"body":"approach that you are carrying."},{"startTime":7405.03,"endTime":7406.399,"body":"It comes with it a"},{"startTime":7406.599,"endTime":7408.4,"body":"recommendation, but not an obligation."},{"startTime":7408.834,"endTime":7409.034,"body":"Agreed."},{"startTime":7409.268,"endTime":7409.468,"body":"Agreed."},{"startTime":7409.702,"endTime":7410.636,"body":"He said, I'm asking."},{"startTime":7410.87,"endTime":7411.404,"body":"That's true."},{"startTime":7411.404,"endTime":7412.905,"body":"He loses no rights."},{"startTime":7413.105,"endTime":7414.84,"body":"He's entitled to carry this"},{"startTime":7414.84,"endTime":7416.742,"body":"gun to say nothing about it."},{"startTime":7416.742,"endTime":7418.511,"body":"But at the point he's involving himself"},{"startTime":7418.511,"endTime":7420.646,"body":"in an altercation, the chances that"},{"startTime":7420.646,"endTime":7422.047,"body":"something goes wrong are way up."},{"startTime":7422.648,"endTime":7424.75,"body":"Now I want to point out that there are a"},{"startTime":7424.75,"endTime":7427.186,"body":"couple of things that I think we truly do"},{"startTime":7427.186,"endTime":7429.755,"body":"not know that radically change the"},{"startTime":7429.755,"endTime":7431.09,"body":"question of what unfolded."},{"startTime":7431.791,"endTime":7433.559,"body":"You can see in those videos, though,"},{"startTime":7434.226,"endTime":7437.563,"body":"you've got protesters blowing whistle,"},{"startTime":7437.563,"endTime":7439.298,"body":"sharp noises right in"},{"startTime":7439.298,"endTime":7440.432,"body":"the midst of a scuffle."},{"startTime":7440.766,"endTime":7441.066,"body":"Air horns."},{"startTime":7441.934,"endTime":7442.201,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7442.468,"endTime":7444.57,"body":"And the point is this is designed to make"},{"startTime":7444.57,"endTime":7446.739,"body":"bad judgment happen."},{"startTime":7447.106,"endTime":7447.406,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":7447.74,"endTime":7447.94,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7448.174,"endTime":7449.742,"body":"They they want."},{"startTime":7449.742,"endTime":7451.01,"body":"I'm not saying that they wanted somebody"},{"startTime":7451.01,"endTime":7452.945,"body":"to get shot, but what they want are"},{"startTime":7452.945,"endTime":7456.682,"body":"examples that clearly on film look like"},{"startTime":7456.682,"endTime":7458.184,"body":"government overreach,"},{"startTime":7458.184,"endTime":7460.519,"body":"abuse, authoritarianism."},{"startTime":7461.02,"endTime":7463.022,"body":"And, you know, they're also going to the"},{"startTime":7463.022,"endTime":7464.824,"body":"hotels of ICE agents and keeping them"},{"startTime":7464.824,"endTime":7467.092,"body":"awake all night, making the hotels want"},{"startTime":7467.092,"endTime":7467.86,"body":"not to have them"},{"startTime":7467.86,"endTime":7469.462,"body":"around because it's chaos."},{"startTime":7470.229,"endTime":7471.997,"body":"So there's all sorts of stuff loaded in"},{"startTime":7471.997,"endTime":7474.433,"body":"here that you don't even see on these"},{"startTime":7474.433,"endTime":7476.802,"body":"films that has an implication for the"},{"startTime":7476.802,"endTime":7478.137,"body":"state of mind of the officers."},{"startTime":7478.537,"endTime":7479.738,"body":"And we really don't know the state of"},{"startTime":7479.738,"endTime":7480.94,"body":"mind of Alex Prettie."},{"startTime":7481.273,"endTime":7482.675,"body":"Again, he could have just been happening"},{"startTime":7482.675,"endTime":7484.343,"body":"by doesn't seem like it."},{"startTime":7484.376,"endTime":7486.212,"body":"There's some circumstantial evidence that"},{"startTime":7486.212,"endTime":7487.346,"body":"this is not his first"},{"startTime":7487.346,"endTime":7492.084,"body":"interaction with federal officers."},{"startTime":7492.084,"endTime":7493.552,"body":"In fact, he may have had his rib broken"},{"startTime":7493.552,"endTime":7495.855,"body":"in a recent one like a week before."},{"startTime":7497.723,"endTime":7499.692,"body":"And we don't know why he's carrying the"},{"startTime":7499.692,"endTime":7501.794,"body":"gun, what he intends to do."},{"startTime":7503.162,"endTime":7506.765,"body":"But can you show the video of the office?"},{"startTime":7506.765,"endTime":7510.069,"body":"It's unfortunately very grainy, but"},{"startTime":7510.069,"endTime":7513.105,"body":"there's video of the officer removing the"},{"startTime":7513.105,"endTime":7515.107,"body":"weapon, having just taken it out of Alex"},{"startTime":7515.107,"endTime":7517.309,"body":"Prettie's holster, which is behind him"},{"startTime":7517.309,"endTime":7518.744,"body":"and attempting to"},{"startTime":7518.744,"endTime":7520.212,"body":"remove it from the scene."},{"startTime":7520.212,"endTime":7522.014,"body":"And the question that many have is"},{"startTime":7522.014,"endTime":7523.616,"body":"whether or not the gun"},{"startTime":7523.616,"endTime":7526.385,"body":"goes off as he is leaving."},{"startTime":7526.619,"endTime":7528.754,"body":"And we'll come back to why the gun might"},{"startTime":7528.754,"endTime":7530.389,"body":"have gone off and what it means."},{"startTime":7530.589,"endTime":7531.69,"body":"And at least one question"},{"startTime":7531.69,"endTime":7532.892,"body":"that I haven't heard asked yet."},{"startTime":7544.203,"endTime":7548.073,"body":"(Music)"},{"startTime":7548.908,"endTime":7551.71,"body":"Uh, they can see the"},{"startTime":7551.71,"endTime":7552.912,"body":"bullet hit the ground."},{"startTime":7554.146,"endTime":7557.182,"body":"I'm an inconclusive as to what I've seen."},{"startTime":7557.182,"endTime":7558.617,"body":"It's possible that gun goes off."},{"startTime":7558.617,"endTime":7560.352,"body":"It's possible it didn't go off."},{"startTime":7561.253,"endTime":7563.656,"body":"But here's the reason"},{"startTime":7563.656,"endTime":7564.723,"body":"that this is important."},{"startTime":7565.257,"endTime":7567.226,"body":"There's two reasons, in my opinion, one"},{"startTime":7567.226,"endTime":7568.794,"body":"of which has been widely talked about,"},{"startTime":7568.794,"endTime":7571.196,"body":"which is they are wrestling"},{"startTime":7571.196,"endTime":7572.765,"body":"Alex Prettie to the ground."},{"startTime":7573.933,"endTime":7575.668,"body":"His gun is removed from him."},{"startTime":7575.668,"endTime":7576.635,"body":"We don't know who knows"},{"startTime":7576.635,"endTime":7577.469,"body":"that that has happened."},{"startTime":7577.77,"endTime":7578.47,"body":"We don't know."},{"startTime":7579.305,"endTime":7580.706,"body":"They don't know, presumably that he"},{"startTime":7580.706,"endTime":7581.707,"body":"doesn't have a second one."},{"startTime":7582.641,"endTime":7585.311,"body":"And if a gun went off in the midst of"},{"startTime":7585.311,"endTime":7587.179,"body":"that struggle, it is quite conceivable,"},{"startTime":7587.179,"endTime":7589.582,"body":"though not certain, that the officers"},{"startTime":7589.582,"endTime":7592.751,"body":"would have understood themselves to be an"},{"startTime":7592.751,"endTime":7594.086,"body":"immediate threat and that they would have"},{"startTime":7594.086,"endTime":7595.688,"body":"understood Alex Prettie to be the source"},{"startTime":7595.688,"endTime":7596.722,"body":"of that threat and"},{"startTime":7596.722,"endTime":7597.823,"body":"they might have shot him."},{"startTime":7597.823,"endTime":7598.524,"body":"Is it a tragedy?"},{"startTime":7599.191,"endTime":7600.426,"body":"I will argue that it is"},{"startTime":7600.426,"endTime":7601.727,"body":"for the following reason."},{"startTime":7603.262,"endTime":7604.229,"body":"He has family."},{"startTime":7605.064,"endTime":7606.231,"body":"They've lost him."},{"startTime":7606.565,"endTime":7607.633,"body":"But I would argue"},{"startTime":7608.667,"endTime":7615.107,"body":"there are hundreds, maybe thousands of"},{"startTime":7615.107,"endTime":7617.343,"body":"tragedies a day as a"},{"startTime":7617.343,"endTime":7618.911,"body":"result of federal policy."},{"startTime":7619.244,"endTime":7620.412,"body":"Stuff that we never see."},{"startTime":7620.779,"endTime":7623.549,"body":"Decisions about what pesticide gets"},{"startTime":7623.549,"endTime":7625.484,"body":"sprayed on the stuff that you eat, what"},{"startTime":7625.484,"endTime":7627.386,"body":"stuff we're going to inject your kids"},{"startTime":7627.386,"endTime":7630.589,"body":"with, what compounds are going to be"},{"startTime":7630.589,"endTime":7632.224,"body":"sprayed on your sofa so it doesn't catch"},{"startTime":7632.224,"endTime":7633.892,"body":"fire that will then off gas into your"},{"startTime":7633.892,"endTime":7636.929,"body":"house that result in people dying in ways"},{"startTime":7636.929,"endTime":7638.964,"body":"that we never understand are the result"},{"startTime":7638.964,"endTime":7640.199,"body":"of government policy."},{"startTime":7640.199,"endTime":7641.8,"body":"But nonetheless, every time a family"},{"startTime":7641.8,"endTime":7643.068,"body":"loses somebody, it's a tragedy."},{"startTime":7643.268,"endTime":7644.803,"body":"So we're zoomed in on this one for a"},{"startTime":7644.803,"endTime":7647.506,"body":"reason, but it's not independently one."},{"startTime":7648.04,"endTime":7650.442,"body":"Diffuse risk does not produce empathy."},{"startTime":7651.31,"endTime":7651.51,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7651.977,"endTime":7654.279,"body":"Acute risk produces empathy, apparently"},{"startTime":7654.279,"endTime":7659.351,"body":"in an unspecific way in many women."},{"startTime":7659.885,"endTime":7661.687,"body":"But diffuse risk does not."},{"startTime":7662.087,"endTime":7663.922,"body":"It takes work to get the attention of"},{"startTime":7663.922,"endTime":7666.225,"body":"people with regard to diffuse risks like"},{"startTime":7666.225,"endTime":7669.595,"body":"pesticides on your food, food dyes,"},{"startTime":7670.663,"endTime":7673.065,"body":"adjuvants, excipients, all of the things."},{"startTime":7673.632,"endTime":7673.832,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7674.366,"endTime":7679.605,"body":"And not only do we have a bias towards"},{"startTime":7679.972,"endTime":7681.874,"body":"understanding the tragedy that has"},{"startTime":7681.874,"endTime":7684.476,"body":"resulted so that we can see it, but we"},{"startTime":7684.476,"endTime":7686.745,"body":"have a total misunderstanding of what it"},{"startTime":7686.745,"endTime":7689.181,"body":"means for somebody to get shot in front"},{"startTime":7689.181,"endTime":7692.685,"body":"of a video camera in Minneapolis and for"},{"startTime":7692.685,"endTime":7694.787,"body":"us to see this limited"},{"startTime":7694.787,"endTime":7697.289,"body":"subset of the total context."},{"startTime":7697.556,"endTime":7699.158,"body":"We think we can interpret it like we're"},{"startTime":7699.158,"endTime":7700.893,"body":"eyewitnesses, but we are not eyewitnesses"},{"startTime":7700.893,"endTime":7701.927,"body":"in the same sense that"},{"startTime":7701.927,"endTime":7703.695,"body":"we would typically be."},{"startTime":7703.729,"endTime":7704.93,"body":"We're not at all."},{"startTime":7704.93,"endTime":7706.198,"body":"And I mean, you made this point already,"},{"startTime":7706.198,"endTime":7711.603,"body":"but our ancient brains fool us because we"},{"startTime":7711.603,"endTime":7714.973,"body":"cannot have possibly as we argue over and"},{"startTime":7714.973,"endTime":7716.775,"body":"over and over again in hunter gatherers"},{"startTime":7716.775,"endTime":7720.245,"body":"guide to the first to the 21st century,"},{"startTime":7720.245,"endTime":7722.281,"body":"it was easier back then to the 21st"},{"startTime":7722.281,"endTime":7725.117,"body":"century that the hyper novelty that we"},{"startTime":7725.117,"endTime":7727.419,"body":"are niche, humans niche is niche"},{"startTime":7727.419,"endTime":7731.19,"body":"switching and we are so fast at adapting."},{"startTime":7731.19,"endTime":7733.459,"body":"And even we have created conditions that"},{"startTime":7733.459,"endTime":7734.827,"body":"are changing so fast"},{"startTime":7734.827,"endTime":7736.295,"body":"that we cannot keep up."},{"startTime":7736.729,"endTime":7738.964,"body":"And so our brains still think when we're"},{"startTime":7738.964,"endTime":7740.866,"body":"looking at screens at some level, even if"},{"startTime":7740.866,"endTime":7743.135,"body":"consciously we know very, very well, this"},{"startTime":7743.135,"endTime":7745.704,"body":"is not us perceiving reality in real"},{"startTime":7745.704,"endTime":7748.907,"body":"time, uninterpreted by screens and"},{"startTime":7748.907,"endTime":7749.875,"body":"someone else's perspective."},{"startTime":7749.875,"endTime":7752.01,"body":"It still feels like we became"},{"startTime":7752.01,"endTime":7753.712,"body":"eyewitnesses and we did not."},{"startTime":7753.712,"endTime":7754.146,"body":"We did not."},{"startTime":7754.413,"endTime":7755.948,"body":"There were very few people who are"},{"startTime":7755.948,"endTime":7756.915,"body":"eyewitnesses to what"},{"startTime":7756.915,"endTime":7758.417,"body":"everyone is now talking about."},{"startTime":7758.684,"endTime":7760.385,"body":"And the more we talk about it, the more"},{"startTime":7760.385,"endTime":7763.889,"body":"we replace our initial viewing with the"},{"startTime":7763.889,"endTime":7765.624,"body":"discussion of what is happening."},{"startTime":7765.924,"endTime":7767.559,"body":"And that replaces our interpretation."},{"startTime":7768.06,"endTime":7769.194,"body":"And suddenly we're memory"},{"startTime":7769.194,"endTime":7770.496,"body":"upon memory upon memory."},{"startTime":7770.696,"endTime":7773.065,"body":"We're so many levels deep that what is"},{"startTime":7773.065,"endTime":7774.566,"body":"actually true becomes"},{"startTime":7774.566,"endTime":7776.535,"body":"almost indecipherable."},{"startTime":7777.102,"endTime":7777.336,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":7777.569,"endTime":7779.304,"body":"And it becomes indecipherable and also"},{"startTime":7779.304,"endTime":7781.974,"body":"gameable by people who have an interest"},{"startTime":7781.974,"endTime":7783.876,"body":"in persuading us one way or the other."},{"startTime":7784.076,"endTime":7784.843,"body":"And in fact, this is,"},{"startTime":7786.111,"endTime":7789.047,"body":"you know, a court is a"},{"startTime":7789.047,"endTime":7791.65,"body":"construction that generates justice."},{"startTime":7792.518,"endTime":7794.386,"body":"A lawyer is not right."},{"startTime":7794.686,"endTime":7798.757,"body":"A lawyer skews the evidence as far as"},{"startTime":7798.757,"endTime":7800.926,"body":"they can within the bounds of the law to"},{"startTime":7800.926,"endTime":7803.962,"body":"portray a particular interpretation."},{"startTime":7804.296,"endTime":7806.064,"body":"And then an opposite lawyer does the"},{"startTime":7806.064,"endTime":7807.566,"body":"inverse and a judge makes sure they"},{"startTime":7807.566,"endTime":7808.367,"body":"adhere to the rules."},{"startTime":7808.567,"endTime":7810.369,"body":"And hopefully the sum total of all that"},{"startTime":7810.369,"endTime":7813.772,"body":"mess is a reasonable interpretation of"},{"startTime":7813.772,"endTime":7815.24,"body":"what happened in light of the law."},{"startTime":7816.375,"endTime":7818.544,"body":"But what we are seeing, there's no judge."},{"startTime":7819.278,"endTime":7820.546,"body":"So we're all, you know,"},{"startTime":7820.546,"endTime":7821.547,"body":"which lawyer do we like better?"},{"startTime":7822.281,"endTime":7822.981,"body":"Well, that one's more"},{"startTime":7822.981,"endTime":7823.815,"body":"handsome than this one."},{"startTime":7823.982,"endTime":7824.883,"body":"So he's probably right."},{"startTime":7825.117,"endTime":7826.485,"body":"The CNN lawyer or the Fox lawyer?"},{"startTime":7826.752,"endTime":7826.919,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7826.919,"endTime":7828.287,"body":"Although I will say that those two clips"},{"startTime":7828.287,"endTime":7830.622,"body":"that you showed, uh, didn't vary nearly"},{"startTime":7830.622,"endTime":7831.757,"body":"as much as I was expecting."},{"startTime":7832.624,"endTime":7837.696,"body":"They were not as polarized or clearly"},{"startTime":7837.696,"endTime":7840.866,"body":"ideological as I would have expected"},{"startTime":7840.866,"endTime":7842.868,"body":"either source to be."},{"startTime":7843.168,"endTime":7846.271,"body":"Well, I made a deliberate choice based on"},{"startTime":7846.271,"endTime":7848.874,"body":"your request when we talked about"},{"startTime":7848.874,"endTime":7851.41,"body":"discussing this today to"},{"startTime":7851.41,"endTime":7853.078,"body":"use a mainstream source."},{"startTime":7853.078,"endTime":7854.246,"body":"If you want to see the polarization."},{"startTime":7854.546,"endTime":7856.481,"body":"Well, I asked what I said was if you want"},{"startTime":7856.481,"endTime":7858.383,"body":"to talk about this, I would like us to"},{"startTime":7858.383,"endTime":7861.653,"body":"show a couple of mainstream clips from,"},{"startTime":7861.653,"endTime":7862.588,"body":"you know, the opposite"},{"startTime":7862.588,"endTime":7864.256,"body":"sides of the ideological divide."},{"startTime":7864.656,"endTime":7864.856,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7864.923,"endTime":7867.125,"body":"But I was expecting, I was expecting the"},{"startTime":7867.125,"endTime":7868.894,"body":"mainstream and, you know, I figured Fox"},{"startTime":7868.894,"endTime":7870.629,"body":"because there's not a whole lot else out"},{"startTime":7870.629,"endTime":7872.03,"body":"there on the, on the right."},{"startTime":7872.464,"endTime":7874.166,"body":"And then, you know, I said like CNN,"},{"startTime":7874.166,"endTime":7877.369,"body":"MSNBC, you know, something over on the,"},{"startTime":7877.669,"endTime":7880.339,"body":"over on the left and that, you know, he"},{"startTime":7880.339,"endTime":7882.474,"body":"said he was a former law officer himself,"},{"startTime":7882.674,"endTime":7883.742,"body":"law enforcement officer himself."},{"startTime":7884.409,"endTime":7885.01,"body":"Uh, so it just, it"},{"startTime":7885.01,"endTime":7886.945,"body":"seemed, it seemed measured."},{"startTime":7887.512,"endTime":7889.314,"body":"Both of those, both of those clips that"},{"startTime":7889.314,"endTime":7891.049,"body":"you showed, uh, from the two mainstream"},{"startTime":7891.049,"endTime":7893.986,"body":"media sources seemed measured to me."},{"startTime":7893.986,"endTime":7895.787,"body":"They were, in fact, they're more measured"},{"startTime":7895.787,"endTime":7897.589,"body":"than, uh, you know, the Trump"},{"startTime":7897.589,"endTime":7901.493,"body":"administration, which has portrayed, the"},{"startTime":7901.493,"endTime":7903.795,"body":"language that they have used makes it"},{"startTime":7903.795,"endTime":7906.198,"body":"seem like a couple of things."},{"startTime":7906.198,"endTime":7908.7,"body":"One, Freddie was brandishing a weapon"},{"startTime":7908.7,"endTime":7909.835,"body":"rather than just armed."},{"startTime":7910.769,"endTime":7914.673,"body":"Um, two, that he had a clear intent to"},{"startTime":7914.673,"endTime":7917.709,"body":"inflict damage that, you know, these, uh,"},{"startTime":7917.709,"endTime":7920.045,"body":"two loaded magazines are taken as"},{"startTime":7920.045,"endTime":7922.414,"body":"evidence that he was out to create a, you"},{"startTime":7922.414,"endTime":7923.849,"body":"know, a mass casualty event."},{"startTime":7923.849,"endTime":7925.717,"body":"There's no evidence of this whatsoever."},{"startTime":7926.518,"endTime":7926.852,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":7928.153,"endTime":7930.289,"body":"but in any case, there's"},{"startTime":7930.289,"endTime":7933.191,"body":"no shortage of highly, uh,"},{"startTime":7934.226,"endTime":7936.395,"body":"partisan skewed bias."},{"startTime":7936.895,"endTime":7937.095,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":7937.396,"endTime":7938.964,"body":"I mean, everything from people saying"},{"startTime":7938.964,"endTime":7940.565,"body":"this was an execution, that they're"},{"startTime":7940.565,"endTime":7942.701,"body":"gunning us down in the streets, which is"},{"startTime":7942.701,"endTime":7943.669,"body":"obviously not what"},{"startTime":7943.669,"endTime":7944.97,"body":"happened based on what we saw."},{"startTime":7944.97,"endTime":7946.371,"body":"You know, there could be conversations"},{"startTime":7946.371,"endTime":7948.974,"body":"that took place if they, and there is"},{"startTime":7948.974,"endTime":7951.109,"body":"some evidence they may have known who"},{"startTime":7951.109,"endTime":7952.744,"body":"Alex Pready was based on"},{"startTime":7952.744,"endTime":7953.812,"body":"their past altercation."},{"startTime":7953.879,"endTime":7955.647,"body":"So it's possible he was targeted."},{"startTime":7955.647,"endTime":7957.249,"body":"It's possible that there was a discussion"},{"startTime":7957.249,"endTime":7959.384,"body":"in which somebody said, uh, that they"},{"startTime":7959.384,"endTime":7960.852,"body":"were gonna, you know, they were out to"},{"startTime":7960.852,"endTime":7962.22,"body":"look for an excuse to kill him."},{"startTime":7962.22,"endTime":7963.221,"body":"There's no evidence of these"},{"startTime":7963.221,"endTime":7964.89,"body":"conversations, but all I'm saying is the"},{"startTime":7964.89,"endTime":7966.958,"body":"range of possibilities of things that are"},{"startTime":7966.958,"endTime":7969.394,"body":"outside of our view is huge."},{"startTime":7969.995,"endTime":7973.065,"body":"One of them that is vitally important for"},{"startTime":7973.065,"endTime":7975.834,"body":"us to understand, I think, is the"},{"startTime":7975.834,"endTime":7978.303,"body":"question of whether or not that gun went"},{"startTime":7978.303,"endTime":7980.872,"body":"off as it was being carried away, because"},{"startTime":7981.573,"endTime":7983.275,"body":"if it did, that, and"},{"startTime":7983.275,"endTime":7985.744,"body":"that's, that should be knowable at the"},{"startTime":7985.744,"endTime":7986.645,"body":"very least by the guy"},{"startTime":7986.645,"endTime":7987.446,"body":"who was carrying it."},{"startTime":7987.746,"endTime":7988.447,"body":"He, he will know."},{"startTime":7988.914,"endTime":7989.414,"body":"He should know."},{"startTime":7989.815,"endTime":7990.349,"body":"He should know."},{"startTime":7990.349,"endTime":7991.249,"body":"He will have felt it."},{"startTime":7991.249,"endTime":7992.117,"body":"Went off in his hand."},{"startTime":7992.117,"endTime":7992.918,"body":"He will have felt it."},{"startTime":7992.918,"endTime":7994.152,"body":"Even if he couldn't hear it over all the"},{"startTime":7994.152,"endTime":7994.853,"body":"chaos, he will have felt it."},{"startTime":7994.853,"endTime":7996.054,"body":"He will absolutely know."},{"startTime":7996.288,"endTime":7998.59,"body":"Now, do we ever get access to his"},{"startTime":7998.59,"endTime":8000.125,"body":"statement, especially a"},{"startTime":8000.125,"endTime":8001.293,"body":"statement made immediately."},{"startTime":8001.927,"endTime":8003.829,"body":"Um, the pavement"},{"startTime":8003.829,"endTime":8005.53,"body":"presumably tells the story."},{"startTime":8005.53,"endTime":8006.665,"body":"The gun is aimed down."},{"startTime":8006.665,"endTime":8009.601,"body":"There will be, just, just in terms of the"},{"startTime":8009.601,"endTime":8010.969,"body":"visceral, the tactile"},{"startTime":8010.969,"endTime":8012.671,"body":"experience of holding a weapon."},{"startTime":8012.904,"endTime":8013.705,"body":"Let's put it this."},{"startTime":8013.972,"endTime":8014.072,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8014.573,"endTime":8014.973,"body":"No."},{"startTime":8016.174,"endTime":8016.375,"body":"100%."},{"startTime":8016.775,"endTime":8018.243,"body":"He should, he should know"},{"startTime":8018.243,"endTime":8019.444,"body":"whether the gun went off."},{"startTime":8020.178,"endTime":8020.379,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":8022.414,"endTime":8023.749,"body":"there are lots of ways that you could"},{"startTime":8023.749,"endTime":8026.184,"body":"know, including the gun itself should"},{"startTime":8026.184,"endTime":8027.552,"body":"likely tell that tale."},{"startTime":8027.552,"endTime":8028.553,"body":"Obviously it could have been fired"},{"startTime":8028.553,"endTime":8032.391,"body":"before, but the state, well, here's,"},{"startTime":8032.391,"endTime":8033.325,"body":"here's the other thing though."},{"startTime":8033.325,"endTime":8035.327,"body":"You've got this video, you've seen it."},{"startTime":8035.327,"endTime":8036.495,"body":"There's some reason to"},{"startTime":8036.495,"endTime":8037.829,"body":"think the gun may have gone off."},{"startTime":8038.263,"endTime":8039.798,"body":"There is reason to worry"},{"startTime":8039.798,"endTime":8041.4,"body":"about this particular gun."},{"startTime":8041.4,"endTime":8042.234,"body":"And I hate to get into"},{"startTime":8042.234,"endTime":8043.135,"body":"one of these discussions."},{"startTime":8043.702,"endTime":8044.403,"body":"And the, and the Fox"},{"startTime":8044.403,"endTime":8045.904,"body":"commentary mentions this as well."},{"startTime":8046.104,"endTime":8046.405,"body":"He does."},{"startTime":8046.638,"endTime":8048.373,"body":"So this is a famous gun."},{"startTime":8049.875,"endTime":8051.276,"body":"This is a six hour."},{"startTime":8051.276,"endTime":8053.245,"body":"Make and model, not this individual gun."},{"startTime":8053.245,"endTime":8053.545,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":8053.545,"endTime":8055.347,"body":"Not this individual gun and not the"},{"startTime":8055.347,"endTime":8057.416,"body":"particular version that he was carrying,"},{"startTime":8057.416,"endTime":8059.284,"body":"but I truly think it doesn't matter."},{"startTime":8059.284,"endTime":8060.752,"body":"There's something like sub to model."},{"startTime":8060.752,"endTime":8063.755,"body":"It's like, yeah, he was carrying a fancy"},{"startTime":8063.755,"endTime":8066.491,"body":"version of a famous gun."},{"startTime":8067.459,"endTime":8068.994,"body":"The gun is actually not famous."},{"startTime":8069.194,"endTime":8069.828,"body":"It's infamous."},{"startTime":8070.896,"endTime":8072.13,"body":"The gun is infamous"},{"startTime":8072.13,"endTime":8075.333,"body":"for not being drop safe."},{"startTime":8075.867,"endTime":8078.17,"body":"In other words, there are many instances"},{"startTime":8078.17,"endTime":8081.073,"body":"in which people claim that they have"},{"startTime":8081.073,"endTime":8082.707,"body":"dropped the weapon and it has fired,"},{"startTime":8082.707,"endTime":8083.875,"body":"which it is not supposed to do."},{"startTime":8084.009,"endTime":8084.209,"body":"Sure."},{"startTime":8085.11,"endTime":8087.045,"body":"I have seen very compelling"},{"startTime":8087.045,"endTime":8090.482,"body":"demonstrations in which people have, uh,"},{"startTime":8090.482,"endTime":8092.484,"body":"loaded the weapon with a primer."},{"startTime":8092.684,"endTime":8095.087,"body":"So not, there's no bullet, but the gun is"},{"startTime":8095.087,"endTime":8096.555,"body":"capable of firing and"},{"startTime":8096.555,"endTime":8098.19,"body":"they've dropped it in various ways."},{"startTime":8099.124,"endTime":8101.259,"body":"And it appears that if you drop this gun"},{"startTime":8101.259,"endTime":8104.096,"body":"on the tail, that it"},{"startTime":8104.096,"endTime":8107.666,"body":"fires, uh, almost reliably."},{"startTime":8107.666,"endTime":8111.002,"body":"If there is a, uh, around in the chamber"},{"startTime":8111.002,"endTime":8114.506,"body":"as a result of the very light trigger"},{"startTime":8114.506,"endTime":8117.576,"body":"being carried back by momentum and firing"},{"startTime":8117.576,"endTime":8118.877,"body":"the gun inadvertently."},{"startTime":8119.144,"endTime":8122.848,"body":"So, but that, that is not relevant to it"},{"startTime":8122.848,"endTime":8124.349,"body":"having been carried away"},{"startTime":8124.349,"endTime":8125.851,"body":"by the man who disarmed him."},{"startTime":8125.851,"endTime":8126.918,"body":"Is it, are you saying that might be"},{"startTime":8126.918,"endTime":8127.986,"body":"relevant to him being"},{"startTime":8127.986,"endTime":8128.887,"body":"knocked onto the ground?"},{"startTime":8129.154,"endTime":8129.354,"body":"Nope."},{"startTime":8129.855,"endTime":8133.024,"body":"I'm saying the drop safeness is not"},{"startTime":8133.024,"endTime":8137.095,"body":"relevant except in that it tells us that"},{"startTime":8137.095,"endTime":8138.263,"body":"this gun is very"},{"startTime":8138.263,"endTime":8140.232,"body":"easily accidentally fired."},{"startTime":8140.899,"endTime":8141.9,"body":"So you can imagine."},{"startTime":8141.9,"endTime":8143.468,"body":"So the point is that very light trigger"},{"startTime":8143.468,"endTime":8145.937,"body":"that fires easily if you drop it is also"},{"startTime":8145.971,"endTime":8147.539,"body":"a light trigger if you bump it."},{"startTime":8148.507,"endTime":8151.042,"body":"So there's that possibility that this gun"},{"startTime":8151.042,"endTime":8152.844,"body":"being carried away, you can imagine"},{"startTime":8152.844,"endTime":8154.212,"body":"you're, you know, you've got a gun,"},{"startTime":8154.212,"endTime":8155.647,"body":"you're trying to remove it from the"},{"startTime":8155.647,"endTime":8158.517,"body":"person that you fear it being used by."},{"startTime":8159.017,"endTime":8161.52,"body":"You're not, it's not the circumstance in"},{"startTime":8161.52,"endTime":8162.888,"body":"which you're holding it ideally."},{"startTime":8162.888,"endTime":8164.756,"body":"You're taking the time to handle it the"},{"startTime":8164.756,"endTime":8165.39,"body":"way you know, a"},{"startTime":8165.39,"endTime":8166.424,"body":"firearm should be handled."},{"startTime":8166.424,"endTime":8167.993,"body":"You're not checking it to see whether"},{"startTime":8167.993,"endTime":8168.693,"body":"there's one in the"},{"startTime":8168.693,"endTime":8170.128,"body":"chamber or any of these things."},{"startTime":8170.128,"endTime":8170.595,"body":"You're just trying to"},{"startTime":8170.595,"endTime":8171.396,"body":"get it out of there."},{"startTime":8171.396,"endTime":8174.065,"body":"It's quite conceivable that even if it"},{"startTime":8174.065,"endTime":8176.368,"body":"was the result of an error on that"},{"startTime":8176.368,"endTime":8178.336,"body":"officer's part, that he hit"},{"startTime":8178.336,"endTime":8179.771,"body":"the trigger and it went off."},{"startTime":8181.306,"endTime":8183.542,"body":"But more to the point, and oddly I have"},{"startTime":8183.542,"endTime":8185.81,"body":"not heard this discussed anywhere, so I'm"},{"startTime":8185.81,"endTime":8188.413,"body":"checking my own model to make sure I"},{"startTime":8188.413,"endTime":8189.548,"body":"haven't misunderstood something."},{"startTime":8189.814,"endTime":8192.984,"body":"But here's the question as I see it."},{"startTime":8194.519,"endTime":8197.389,"body":"If the gun went off as it was being"},{"startTime":8197.389,"endTime":8200.692,"body":"removed, that says that"},{"startTime":8200.692,"endTime":8202.027,"body":"there was a round in the chamber."},{"startTime":8203.295,"endTime":8204.896,"body":"You can't have fired if there wasn't a"},{"startTime":8204.996,"endTime":8206.698,"body":"round in the chamber unless somebody"},{"startTime":8206.698,"endTime":8208.533,"body":"racked the slide and there is no reason"},{"startTime":8208.533,"endTime":8210.168,"body":"that an officer trying to get that gun"},{"startTime":8210.168,"endTime":8212.103,"body":"out of there would have racked the slide."},{"startTime":8212.671,"endTime":8215.607,"body":"So it is logical if the gun went off to"},{"startTime":8215.607,"endTime":8217.075,"body":"surmise that he put a"},{"startTime":8217.075,"endTime":8217.809,"body":"round in the chamber."},{"startTime":8218.843,"endTime":8221.346,"body":"Now legally, did he have"},{"startTime":8221.346,"endTime":8222.247,"body":"a right to carry the gun?"},{"startTime":8222.614,"endTime":8222.847,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8223.048,"endTime":8224.216,"body":"Did he have a right to carry that gun?"},{"startTime":8224.549,"endTime":8224.749,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8226.251,"endTime":8226.918,"body":"Did he have a right to"},{"startTime":8226.918,"endTime":8227.752,"body":"put a round in the chamber?"},{"startTime":8228.386,"endTime":8228.587,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8228.887,"endTime":8229.354,"body":"Is that true?"},{"startTime":8229.988,"endTime":8230.188,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":8230.689,"endTime":8232.924,"body":"But wow, would you have to be"},{"startTime":8232.924,"endTime":8234.492,"body":"crazy to do it with that gun."},{"startTime":8234.926,"endTime":8237.762,"body":"There are guns in which it is around as"},{"startTime":8237.762,"endTime":8238.763,"body":"carried in the chamber."},{"startTime":8238.763,"endTime":8240.198,"body":"I would never think to do it."},{"startTime":8240.198,"endTime":8241.933,"body":"It seems reckless to me, but those guns"},{"startTime":8241.933,"endTime":8242.901,"body":"are guns that have"},{"startTime":8242.901,"endTime":8246.171,"body":"redundant safety mechanisms."},{"startTime":8246.605,"endTime":8248.373,"body":"This gun does not, and it is known to be"},{"startTime":8248.373,"endTime":8249.474,"body":"unsafe because of"},{"startTime":8249.474,"endTime":8251.209,"body":"that very light trigger."},{"startTime":8252.143,"endTime":8254.512,"body":"So in my opinion, much rests."},{"startTime":8254.813,"endTime":8257.515,"body":"I can't even evaluate whether or not, I"},{"startTime":8257.515,"endTime":8259.15,"body":"mean, you know, it's quite possible that"},{"startTime":8259.15,"endTime":8262.587,"body":"the initial shot was justified and that"},{"startTime":8262.587,"endTime":8264.289,"body":"there are then a bunch of shots in which"},{"startTime":8264.289,"endTime":8266.024,"body":"they, you know, emptied a bunch of rounds"},{"startTime":8266.024,"endTime":8267.492,"body":"into him that aren't justified."},{"startTime":8267.826,"endTime":8270.762,"body":"You mean the initial shot at Pretti?"},{"startTime":8271.029,"endTime":8271.329,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8271.329,"endTime":8272.297,"body":"The initial shot at Pretti,"},{"startTime":8272.297,"endTime":8273.531,"body":"the one where certain happened."},{"startTime":8273.798,"endTime":8273.999,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8274.199,"endTime":8275.867,"body":"Quite possible that somebody got spooked"},{"startTime":8275.867,"endTime":8279.337,"body":"and that that set off a chain of shots,"},{"startTime":8279.604,"endTime":8280.972,"body":"some of which weren't justified."},{"startTime":8281.506,"endTime":8282.907,"body":"And then, you know, it gets"},{"startTime":8282.907,"endTime":8284.109,"body":"into very messy questions."},{"startTime":8284.342,"endTime":8289.381,"body":"But to me, if Pretti's gun didn't go off,"},{"startTime":8289.748,"endTime":8291.95,"body":"that changes the balance of"},{"startTime":8291.95,"endTime":8293.852,"body":"the analysis in one direction."},{"startTime":8293.852,"endTime":8295.387,"body":"This is not there, you know, it could be"},{"startTime":8295.387,"endTime":8297.422,"body":"that they had a sudden sense, you know,"},{"startTime":8297.422,"endTime":8298.556,"body":"could be a firecracker went off"},{"startTime":8298.556,"endTime":8301.526,"body":"somewhere, could be, you know, you don't"},{"startTime":8301.526,"endTime":8302.827,"body":"know what it could be that somebody"},{"startTime":8302.827,"endTime":8304.462,"body":"shouted gun and then the court has to"},{"startTime":8304.462,"endTime":8307.532,"body":"figure out whether or not shouting gun is"},{"startTime":8307.532,"endTime":8310.402,"body":"sufficient to suggest an imminent threat."},{"startTime":8310.735,"endTime":8312.137,"body":"Probably it's not because for one thing,"},{"startTime":8312.137,"endTime":8314.205,"body":"these officers are trained to say gun so"},{"startTime":8314.205,"endTime":8314.739,"body":"that people know that"},{"startTime":8314.773,"endTime":8315.64,"body":"there's one present."},{"startTime":8316.641,"endTime":8320.111,"body":"So anyway, much hinges on this, but at"},{"startTime":8320.111,"endTime":8324.716,"body":"one level, I don't know that Pretti knew"},{"startTime":8324.716,"endTime":8327.585,"body":"he had bought a infamous"},{"startTime":8327.585,"endTime":8330.355,"body":"gun, one prone to go off."},{"startTime":8330.355,"endTime":8332.724,"body":"That's certainly so widely described in"},{"startTime":8332.724,"endTime":8335.56,"body":"gun circles that I knew it right away."},{"startTime":8336.127,"endTime":8337.929,"body":"It's widely described,"},{"startTime":8338.363,"endTime":8339.331,"body":"discussed everywhere."},{"startTime":8340.198,"endTime":8340.999,"body":"But he might not have known."},{"startTime":8341.232,"endTime":8342.901,"body":"Maybe he walked into a gun store."},{"startTime":8342.934,"endTime":8343.601,"body":"Still in the market?"},{"startTime":8343.968,"endTime":8345.57,"body":"Yep, weirdly."},{"startTime":8345.837,"endTime":8347.505,"body":"Weird, well, Sig Sauer"},{"startTime":8347.505,"endTime":8349.074,"body":"claims to have solved the problem."},{"startTime":8349.507,"endTime":8350.709,"body":"I think there's a fair amount of evidence"},{"startTime":8350.709,"endTime":8351.843,"body":"that the problem remains."},{"startTime":8353.144,"endTime":8354.612,"body":"And there's always the question of a"},{"startTime":8354.612,"endTime":8358.149,"body":"manufacturer of anything is reluctant to"},{"startTime":8358.149,"endTime":8359.951,"body":"pull things off the market because it"},{"startTime":8359.951,"endTime":8361.753,"body":"effectively puts blood in the water with"},{"startTime":8361.753,"endTime":8364.122,"body":"respect to lawsuits and things."},{"startTime":8365.757,"endTime":8367.559,"body":"But it's quite possible that the fancy"},{"startTime":8367.559,"endTime":8370.328,"body":"gun he had, and he had a very fancy"},{"startTime":8370.328,"endTime":8372.363,"body":"version of it, was"},{"startTime":8372.363,"endTime":8374.632,"body":"discounted because nobody wants one."},{"startTime":8375.166,"endTime":8377.035,"body":"And he looked to him like a good gun."},{"startTime":8377.035,"endTime":8378.77,"body":"Maybe some gun store didn't tell him,"},{"startTime":8378.77,"endTime":8380.071,"body":"hey, there's something you should know."},{"startTime":8380.839,"endTime":8382.407,"body":"And so he could have walked in unwitting."},{"startTime":8383.007,"endTime":8385.51,"body":"But do we know anything about his history"},{"startTime":8385.51,"endTime":8387.779,"body":"as a gun owner, gun user?"},{"startTime":8388.78,"endTime":8389.147,"body":"A little."},{"startTime":8390.782,"endTime":8393.651,"body":"And I think this comes from his ex-wife"},{"startTime":8393.752,"endTime":8396.254,"body":"and maybe his parents."},{"startTime":8396.955,"endTime":8398.323,"body":"They understood that he had a gun."},{"startTime":8398.323,"endTime":8400.425,"body":"They knew that that was the case and that"},{"startTime":8400.425,"endTime":8402.227,"body":"he was not generally known to carry."},{"startTime":8403.094,"endTime":8405.764,"body":"So in my opinion, much rests"},{"startTime":8405.764,"endTime":8408.133,"body":"on whether he chose that day."},{"startTime":8408.133,"endTime":8412.303,"body":"I guess I meant, was he a sportsman?"},{"startTime":8412.771,"endTime":8413.405,"body":"Did he go?"},{"startTime":8413.405,"endTime":8414.439,"body":"Did he do target practice?"},{"startTime":8414.873,"endTime":8415.907,"body":"Did he have experience?"},{"startTime":8416.207,"endTime":8418.076,"body":"Did he sort of barely know how to use it?"},{"startTime":8419.144,"endTime":8421.98,"body":"You know, there's a lot of range of, it's"},{"startTime":8421.98,"endTime":8423.415,"body":"easy to get a concealed carry permit."},{"startTime":8424.282,"endTime":8428.853,"body":"And the range of people with such is"},{"startTime":8428.853,"endTime":8431.589,"body":"presumably almost as wide as the range of"},{"startTime":8431.589,"endTime":8433.324,"body":"people in terms of"},{"startTime":8433.324,"endTime":8434.893,"body":"what they know how to do."},{"startTime":8434.893,"endTime":8437.295,"body":"And I don't know that"},{"startTime":8437.295,"endTime":8438.696,"body":"anything else hinges on this."},{"startTime":8438.696,"endTime":8443.468,"body":"I'm just curious about what an ICU nurse"},{"startTime":8443.468,"endTime":8447.405,"body":"who has already had interactions with law"},{"startTime":8447.405,"endTime":8450.041,"body":"enforcement in the current environment,"},{"startTime":8450.708,"endTime":8454.145,"body":"walks into a known chaotic"},{"startTime":8454.145,"endTime":8457.449,"body":"environment legally armed."},{"startTime":8458.917,"endTime":8464.155,"body":"Legally armed and being in full awareness"},{"startTime":8464.155,"endTime":8468.927,"body":"and capacity with regard to how to use"},{"startTime":8468.927,"endTime":8471.462,"body":"your weapon is different from legally"},{"startTime":8471.462,"endTime":8473.498,"body":"armed with a weapon that"},{"startTime":8473.498,"endTime":8477.235,"body":"you have shot a few times."},{"startTime":8477.702,"endTime":8477.902,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8478.136,"endTime":8480.071,"body":"Now, this is kind of what I'm getting at."},{"startTime":8480.305,"endTime":8482.574,"body":"And I want people not to focus so much on"},{"startTime":8482.574,"endTime":8485.243,"body":"the details of the firearm as the"},{"startTime":8485.243,"endTime":8488.379,"body":"analysis from the perspective of somebody"},{"startTime":8488.379,"endTime":8489.547,"body":"who has been involved in these"},{"startTime":8489.547,"endTime":8491.983,"body":"discussions about how to think about"},{"startTime":8491.983,"endTime":8493.985,"body":"firearms and behave in a safe way."},{"startTime":8494.953,"endTime":8498.323,"body":"There are numerous things here, which I"},{"startTime":8498.323,"endTime":8500.725,"body":"would say he is legally entitled to do,"},{"startTime":8500.725,"endTime":8502.794,"body":"but I would regard as reckless."},{"startTime":8502.794,"endTime":8504.395,"body":"And I don't mean legally reckless."},{"startTime":8504.796,"endTime":8505.096,"body":"I mean,"},{"startTime":8506.164,"endTime":8507.165,"body":"reckless in the common"},{"startTime":8507.165,"endTime":8508.366,"body":"parlance sense of the term."},{"startTime":8509.467,"endTime":8513.471,"body":"He's carrying a loaded firearm into a"},{"startTime":8513.471,"endTime":8515.406,"body":"zone of conflict with"},{"startTime":8515.406,"endTime":8516.975,"body":"armed federal officers."},{"startTime":8517.809,"endTime":8520.445,"body":"I wouldn't do that."},{"startTime":8520.945,"endTime":8523.114,"body":"If I was, let's say"},{"startTime":8523.114,"endTime":8524.782,"body":"that's not a decision he made."},{"startTime":8524.782,"endTime":8527.752,"body":"Maybe he happened there by accident and"},{"startTime":8527.752,"endTime":8530.522,"body":"somehow was not focused on the fact that,"},{"startTime":8530.522,"endTime":8532.156,"body":"hey, I need to be extra careful and not"},{"startTime":8532.156,"endTime":8533.491,"body":"go this direction because"},{"startTime":8533.491,"endTime":8535.193,"body":"I'm armed and it could get bad."},{"startTime":8535.193,"endTime":8539.664,"body":"But then he steps in as the officer is"},{"startTime":8539.664,"endTime":8540.832,"body":"behaving, I think in an"},{"startTime":8540.832,"endTime":8542.6,"body":"illegitimate way towards this woman."},{"startTime":8543.067,"endTime":8545.403,"body":"Right. This officer shoves this woman to the"},{"startTime":8545.403,"endTime":8547.038,"body":"ground and Pretti steps in."},{"startTime":8548.406,"endTime":8549.941,"body":"I would argue that's reckless if you're"},{"startTime":8549.941,"endTime":8551.943,"body":"armed the way he is because of exactly"},{"startTime":8551.943,"endTime":8553.711,"body":"the sort of thing that unfolds."},{"startTime":8555.246,"endTime":8557.782,"body":"I don't know that he had one in the"},{"startTime":8557.782,"endTime":8559.183,"body":"chamber because I don't know that his gun"},{"startTime":8559.183,"endTime":8561.152,"body":"went off, but if the gun went off, it"},{"startTime":8561.152,"endTime":8562.287,"body":"says he had one in the chamber."},{"startTime":8562.687,"endTime":8563.788,"body":"And I would say, wow,"},{"startTime":8565.557,"endTime":8566.524,"body":"that's really reckless,"},{"startTime":8566.791,"endTime":8567.892,"body":"especially with that gun."},{"startTime":8568.793,"endTime":8570.361,"body":"That's the kind of thing where you shoot"},{"startTime":8570.361,"endTime":8570.895,"body":"your own leg, just taking it out of your"},{"startTime":8570.895,"endTime":8571.596,"body":"heart and you're going to shoot your leg,"},{"startTime":8571.963,"endTime":8573.565,"body":"just taking it out of your holster"},{"startTime":8573.565,"endTime":8576.334,"body":"because that gun doesn't have a safety."},{"startTime":8576.668,"endTime":8578.77,"body":"The only safety you have is"},{"startTime":8578.77,"endTime":8580.204,"body":"not having one in the chamber."},{"startTime":8580.905,"endTime":8585.777,"body":"So the number of things that suggest that"},{"startTime":8585.777,"endTime":8589.113,"body":"this was not a sophisticated gun"},{"startTime":8589.113,"endTime":8591.149,"body":"aficionado, but that this was somebody"},{"startTime":8591.149,"endTime":8593.117,"body":"wielding a deadly, not wielding,"},{"startTime":8594.118,"endTime":8597.488,"body":"carrying a deadly weapon in a way that"},{"startTime":8597.488,"endTime":8600.825,"body":"made the situation worse and not better."},{"startTime":8601.192,"endTime":8602.393,"body":"The number of things that point in that"},{"startTime":8602.393,"endTime":8604.462,"body":"direction is substantial and some of them"},{"startTime":8604.462,"endTime":8605.863,"body":"are ambiguous, like did he"},{"startTime":8605.863,"endTime":8607.165,"body":"have around in the chamber?"},{"startTime":8607.732,"endTime":8609.434,"body":"But we ought to be focused on that"},{"startTime":8609.434,"endTime":8611.202,"body":"question because it does say something"},{"startTime":8611.235,"endTime":8613.471,"body":"about what likely unfolded."},{"startTime":8614.238,"endTime":8614.439,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8614.872,"endTime":8615.84,"body":"And was it a tragedy?"},{"startTime":8616.107,"endTime":8616.307,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8616.808,"endTime":8618.343,"body":"A family lost a son."},{"startTime":8619.077,"endTime":8623.815,"body":"But it doesn't mean that it"},{"startTime":8623.815,"endTime":8625.183,"body":"wasn't a justified shooting."},{"startTime":8625.183,"endTime":8626.451,"body":"It doesn't mean that it wasn't mixed."},{"startTime":8626.784,"endTime":8628.119,"body":"The first person to shoot may have been"},{"startTime":8628.119,"endTime":8630.388,"body":"justified and the rest may not have been."},{"startTime":8630.388,"endTime":8631.055,"body":"These are all things"},{"startTime":8631.055,"endTime":8631.823,"body":"we would want to know."},{"startTime":8631.823,"endTime":8635.126,"body":"But if we can now zoom out for a second,"},{"startTime":8635.126,"endTime":8636.394,"body":"because here's my real point."},{"startTime":8639.197,"endTime":8644.435,"body":"The events in Minneapolis look a lot like"},{"startTime":8644.435,"endTime":8645.703,"body":"the events in Portland, to the extent"},{"startTime":8645.703,"endTime":8648.906,"body":"that one has to step back and say, wait a"},{"startTime":8648.906,"endTime":8651.809,"body":"minute, what is the chance that some, you"},{"startTime":8651.809,"endTime":8655.413,"body":"know, doughy politician is amping the"},{"startTime":8655.413,"endTime":8661.152,"body":"danger by portraying things in a"},{"startTime":8661.152,"endTime":8664.656,"body":"deceptive way in order to embolden people"},{"startTime":8664.656,"endTime":8666.391,"body":"to challenge officers?"},{"startTime":8666.891,"endTime":8668.393,"body":"Like what are the chances that that's the"},{"startTime":8668.393,"endTime":8669.894,"body":"same in both of these things?"},{"startTime":8670.428,"endTime":8674.232,"body":"The type of organization that Antifa has"},{"startTime":8674.232,"endTime":8675.933,"body":"and that the protesters in Minneapolis"},{"startTime":8675.933,"endTime":8678.202,"body":"have is also similar, right?"},{"startTime":8678.202,"endTime":8679.771,"body":"You get these highly organized,"},{"startTime":8680.171,"endTime":8682.84,"body":"effectively paramilitary efforts based on"},{"startTime":8682.84,"endTime":8684.776,"body":"the fact that we are in the right that"},{"startTime":8684.776,"endTime":8686.01,"body":"what is taking place is"},{"startTime":8686.01,"endTime":8687.211,"body":"the federal overreach."},{"startTime":8687.211,"endTime":8689.247,"body":"This is the thing that we told you was"},{"startTime":8689.247,"endTime":8691.449,"body":"going to happen if Trump was elected."},{"startTime":8692.216,"endTime":8693.785,"body":"So the point is, it's a playbook."},{"startTime":8695.019,"endTime":8695.653,"body":"What's it for?"},{"startTime":8697.321,"endTime":8699.19,"body":"Well, I think what it's bound to be for"},{"startTime":8699.19,"endTime":8702.927,"body":"is to make sure that we Americans never"},{"startTime":8702.927,"endTime":8705.663,"body":"get to the place where we recognize that"},{"startTime":8705.663,"endTime":8709.0,"body":"we are actually being parasitized, that"},{"startTime":8709.0,"endTime":8713.004,"body":"our entire political structure is hostile"},{"startTime":8713.004,"endTime":8715.707,"body":"to our interests almost all the time."},{"startTime":8716.274,"endTime":8718.776,"body":"And the fear that that political"},{"startTime":8718.776,"endTime":8720.511,"body":"structure has is that we're going to"},{"startTime":8720.511,"endTime":8722.28,"body":"notice that and stop hating each other"},{"startTime":8722.28,"endTime":8724.549,"body":"and actually get together in some"},{"startTime":8724.549,"endTime":8726.784,"body":"coordinated way and throw the bums out."},{"startTime":8727.452,"endTime":8729.787,"body":"And so when we are divided over something"},{"startTime":8729.787,"endTime":8732.49,"body":"like this, where we are zoomed in on an"},{"startTime":8732.49,"endTime":8735.693,"body":"event that looks like an execution to"},{"startTime":8735.693,"endTime":8737.895,"body":"some and a justified shooting to others,"},{"startTime":8737.895,"endTime":8740.998,"body":"that is so useful to those who want us"},{"startTime":8740.998,"endTime":8743.468,"body":"never to understand each other as fellow"},{"startTime":8743.468,"endTime":8744.635,"body":"countrymen and honorable"},{"startTime":8744.635,"endTime":8745.803,"body":"people and all of that."},{"startTime":8746.504,"endTime":8749.107,"body":"So I guess that's where we are."},{"startTime":8749.307,"endTime":8753.311,"body":"And there's a cartoon, almost everybody"},{"startTime":8753.311,"endTime":8754.746,"body":"who watches our show will"},{"startTime":8754.746,"endTime":8756.414,"body":"probably have seen it somewhere."},{"startTime":8757.215,"endTime":8758.583,"body":"But there's a cartoon that"},{"startTime":8758.583,"endTime":8761.052,"body":"sort of captures this idea."},{"startTime":8761.819,"endTime":8762.553,"body":"It's iconic."},{"startTime":8762.553,"endTime":8763.888,"body":"People will post it every time one of"},{"startTime":8763.888,"endTime":8765.123,"body":"these scenarios happens."},{"startTime":8766.19,"endTime":8768.526,"body":"So for those who are just listening, what"},{"startTime":8768.526,"endTime":8772.83,"body":"it depicts is a guy with some kind of a"},{"startTime":8772.83,"endTime":8777.235,"body":"blade facing another guy down the street."},{"startTime":8777.802,"endTime":8781.372,"body":"And there's a television camera being"},{"startTime":8781.372,"endTime":8784.842,"body":"used to film the event and it captures an"},{"startTime":8784.842,"endTime":8787.445,"body":"exact edit of the event that makes the"},{"startTime":8787.445,"endTime":8790.414,"body":"person fleeing the actual victim look"},{"startTime":8790.414,"endTime":8792.75,"body":"like the aggressor against the actual"},{"startTime":8792.75,"endTime":8794.352,"body":"aggressor who looks like the victim."},{"startTime":8795.853,"endTime":8801.192,"body":"And it's a really good way of remembering"},{"startTime":8801.192,"endTime":8803.327,"body":"that the novel that you think you're an"},{"startTime":8803.327,"endTime":8804.662,"body":"eyewitness to something that you're"},{"startTime":8804.662,"endTime":8806.664,"body":"definitely not an eyewitness to and that"},{"startTime":8806.664,"endTime":8807.732,"body":"you're being manipulated"},{"startTime":8807.965,"endTime":8809.433,"body":"into seeing it one way."},{"startTime":8809.433,"endTime":8810.768,"body":"And if you were standing somewhere else,"},{"startTime":8810.768,"endTime":8813.07,"body":"you might see it in exactly the inverse"},{"startTime":8813.07,"endTime":8815.807,"body":"fashion and that at the very least we"},{"startTime":8815.807,"endTime":8819.11,"body":"need to walk around with the awareness"},{"startTime":8819.11,"endTime":8821.813,"body":"that our perspective may have been"},{"startTime":8821.813,"endTime":8824.148,"body":"cultivated by somebody for a purpose."},{"startTime":8824.515,"endTime":8825.817,"body":"Now they may have just taken advantage of"},{"startTime":8825.817,"endTime":8826.484,"body":"something that happens."},{"startTime":8826.851,"endTime":8829.554,"body":"In this case, they may have increased the"},{"startTime":8829.554,"endTime":8831.489,"body":"likelihood that something would happen,"},{"startTime":8831.489,"endTime":8834.992,"body":"then standing ready to edit what we would"},{"startTime":8834.992,"endTime":8837.495,"body":"see so that we would come to a conclusion"},{"startTime":8837.495,"endTime":8838.729,"body":"that naturally matched"},{"startTime":8838.729,"endTime":8840.865,"body":"our biases walking in."},{"startTime":8840.865,"endTime":8844.168,"body":"But we need a level of skepticism that"},{"startTime":8844.168,"endTime":8846.704,"body":"we're not good at, especially when we"},{"startTime":8846.704,"endTime":8848.039,"body":"think we're eyewitnesses to something."},{"startTime":8848.372,"endTime":8849.073,"body":"Every eyewitness thinks"},{"startTime":8849.073,"endTime":8850.007,"body":"it knows what happened."},{"startTime":8850.608,"endTime":8850.808,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":8851.375,"endTime":8854.745,"body":"And I mean, this point used to be simpler"},{"startTime":8854.745,"endTime":8857.148,"body":"and it still seemed incredibly complex."},{"startTime":8857.849,"endTime":8858.749,"body":"The point was"},{"startTime":8858.749,"endTime":8860.985,"body":"eyewitnesses aren't reliable."},{"startTime":8862.453,"endTime":8865.923,"body":"And if you can bring in other senses to"},{"startTime":8865.923,"endTime":8867.592,"body":"have been in a moment, if you have a"},{"startTime":8867.592,"endTime":8869.827,"body":"smell witness and a taste witness, if"},{"startTime":8869.827,"endTime":8871.429,"body":"it's relevant in a touch witness,"},{"startTime":8872.763,"endTime":8875.566,"body":"then you have more ability to actually"},{"startTime":8875.566,"endTime":8878.302,"body":"assess what it is, but still, and this is"},{"startTime":8878.302,"endTime":8880.571,"body":"the lesson of anamorphic art, if you are"},{"startTime":8880.571,"endTime":8881.906,"body":"standing here and someone else is"},{"startTime":8881.906,"endTime":8884.342,"body":"standing there, how you perceive reality"},{"startTime":8884.342,"endTime":8886.51,"body":"may be totally different regardless of"},{"startTime":8886.51,"endTime":8887.545,"body":"which sense you're using."},{"startTime":8888.246,"endTime":8890.848,"body":"And you know, there are tools, there are"},{"startTime":8890.848,"endTime":8893.517,"body":"things that we used to do that I used to"},{"startTime":8893.517,"endTime":8895.453,"body":"do with my students in the field and you"},{"startTime":8895.453,"endTime":8896.487,"body":"know, tell them to go out and just like"},{"startTime":8896.487,"endTime":8898.256,"body":"the same place week after week after"},{"startTime":8898.256,"endTime":8899.523,"body":"week, it changes, doesn't it?"},{"startTime":8899.79,"endTime":8901.592,"body":"Go to a different place within hours of"},{"startTime":8901.592,"endTime":8902.994,"body":"one another, they're totally different."},{"startTime":8903.227,"endTime":8904.829,"body":"Okay, you can modify space, you can"},{"startTime":8904.829,"endTime":8906.898,"body":"modify time and know that things are"},{"startTime":8906.898,"endTime":8908.799,"body":"different, but what about the fact that"},{"startTime":8908.799,"endTime":8910.868,"body":"you and your friend are standing right"},{"startTime":8910.868,"endTime":8912.77,"body":"next to one another, supposedly seeing"},{"startTime":8912.77,"endTime":8914.505,"body":"exactly the same thing in exactly the"},{"startTime":8914.505,"endTime":8916.374,"body":"same way, exactly the same time, and you"},{"startTime":8916.374,"endTime":8918.342,"body":"come away with different interpretations."},{"startTime":8919.143,"endTime":8922.847,"body":"So all of that is both true and child's"},{"startTime":8922.847,"endTime":8924.715,"body":"play compared to where we are right now,"},{"startTime":8924.949,"endTime":8928.185,"body":"because A, we are not eyewitnesses, but"},{"startTime":8928.185,"endTime":8930.021,"body":"are being tricked by our technology into"},{"startTime":8930.021,"endTime":8932.39,"body":"believing that we are, and B,"},{"startTime":8932.823,"endTime":8935.293,"body":"your point, we are being gamed."},{"startTime":8935.826,"endTime":8938.629,"body":"There are forces out there that not only"},{"startTime":8938.629,"endTime":8940.531,"body":"are doing the interpreting, doing the"},{"startTime":8940.531,"endTime":8942.266,"body":"newscasting, you know, telling us what to"},{"startTime":8942.266,"endTime":8945.436,"body":"think, but in the moment about particular"},{"startTime":8945.436,"endTime":8948.139,"body":"stories, but there is very likely to be"},{"startTime":8948.139,"endTime":8952.943,"body":"larger structures that are steering the"},{"startTime":8952.943,"endTime":8955.813,"body":"narrative more broadly, and those larger"},{"startTime":8955.813,"endTime":8957.315,"body":"structures almost certainly do not have"},{"startTime":8957.315,"endTime":8958.316,"body":"our best interests at heart."},{"startTime":8958.883,"endTime":8960.685,"body":"And so the idea that we are actually"},{"startTime":8960.685,"endTime":8963.754,"body":"witnessing anything and coming to our own"},{"startTime":8963.754,"endTime":8966.19,"body":"conclusions when it's coming through a"},{"startTime":8966.19,"endTime":8969.427,"body":"stream is something that we should"},{"startTime":8969.427,"endTime":8971.295,"body":"actually be deeply suspect of."},{"startTime":8972.33,"endTime":8976.033,"body":"Imagine as your default that you don't"},{"startTime":8976.033,"endTime":8977.435,"body":"know what you think you know, that you"},{"startTime":8977.435,"endTime":8978.969,"body":"haven't seen what you think you've seen,"},{"startTime":8979.17,"endTime":8981.706,"body":"and that the story you're being told is a"},{"startTime":8981.706,"endTime":8985.309,"body":"story created either to sell things at"},{"startTime":8985.309,"endTime":8988.813,"body":"best at this point, or to keep you at"},{"startTime":8988.813,"endTime":8990.948,"body":"your neighbors, or your loved ones, or"},{"startTime":8990.948,"endTime":8991.882,"body":"your supposed enemies"},{"startTime":8991.882,"endTime":8995.553,"body":"throats at worst, and to what end?"},{"startTime":8995.753,"endTime":8997.388,"body":"You know, why is it important"},{"startTime":8997.388,"endTime":8999.39,"body":"that we be a country divided?"},{"startTime":8999.39,"endTime":9001.826,"body":"Why do we need to be a populace divided?"},{"startTime":9002.259,"endTime":9004.161,"body":"We will always have disagreements, none"},{"startTime":9004.161,"endTime":9006.33,"body":"of us, no two of us, not you and me"},{"startTime":9006.33,"endTime":9008.065,"body":"sitting right here having been together"},{"startTime":9008.065,"endTime":9010.668,"body":"for decades and agreeing on so much,"},{"startTime":9010.668,"endTime":9012.87,"body":"we'll ever agree on everything that won't"},{"startTime":9012.87,"endTime":9014.305,"body":"happen, nor should it happen, nor should"},{"startTime":9014.305,"endTime":9015.172,"body":"we want it to happen."},{"startTime":9015.506,"endTime":9017.108,"body":"You will always have disagreements, and"},{"startTime":9017.108,"endTime":9019.11,"body":"some of them will be big, and some people"},{"startTime":9019.11,"endTime":9020.745,"body":"you will not want to be friends with."},{"startTime":9021.946,"endTime":9022.613,"body":"But that doesn't mean"},{"startTime":9022.613,"endTime":9023.748,"body":"that you have to hate them."},{"startTime":9024.181,"endTime":9026.283,"body":"And that doesn't mean that you have to"},{"startTime":9026.283,"endTime":9029.053,"body":"put up banners that indicate your pure"},{"startTime":9029.053,"endTime":9031.989,"body":"allegiance to something that is probably"},{"startTime":9031.989,"endTime":9033.29,"body":"a creation of a force"},{"startTime":9033.324,"endTime":9034.658,"body":"that is not on your team."},{"startTime":9036.594,"endTime":9039.03,"body":"You also need to be aware that"},{"startTime":9040.998,"endTime":9042.833,"body":"in addition to you not being able to"},{"startTime":9042.833,"endTime":9044.602,"body":"interpret what you think you saw because"},{"startTime":9044.602,"endTime":9046.47,"body":"you didn't really see it, you've seen"},{"startTime":9046.47,"endTime":9048.672,"body":"that fraction that made it through the"},{"startTime":9048.672,"endTime":9052.443,"body":"wires to your machine, you also have to"},{"startTime":9052.443,"endTime":9055.646,"body":"be aware that the experience of who the"},{"startTime":9055.646,"endTime":9059.417,"body":"other person is is distorted too, right?"},{"startTime":9060.117,"endTime":9062.553,"body":"In general, two people who were standing"},{"startTime":9062.553,"endTime":9065.022,"body":"in the same location who watched an event"},{"startTime":9065.022,"endTime":9067.024,"body":"will likely have seen something similar."},{"startTime":9067.691,"endTime":9070.227,"body":"But if you and I are triggering the"},{"startTime":9070.227,"endTime":9071.829,"body":"algorithm differently, and it's feeding"},{"startTime":9071.829,"endTime":9073.731,"body":"us different stuff, we may have seen"},{"startTime":9073.731,"endTime":9075.366,"body":"wildly different things."},{"startTime":9075.699,"endTime":9077.435,"body":"And one thing I see people do again and"},{"startTime":9077.435,"endTime":9080.971,"body":"again is assume that I'm watching the"},{"startTime":9080.971,"endTime":9083.04,"body":"same stuff that they're seeing and"},{"startTime":9083.04,"endTime":9086.043,"body":"ignoring the obvious conclusion, right?"},{"startTime":9086.61,"endTime":9089.28,"body":"Like, how could you feel that way?"},{"startTime":9089.28,"endTime":9089.814,"body":"And the answer is, well,"},{"startTime":9089.814,"endTime":9091.048,"body":"I didn't see what you saw."},{"startTime":9091.248,"endTime":9092.95,"body":"I saw what I saw, which you didn't see."},{"startTime":9093.484,"endTime":9094.618,"body":"And so the point is, if you want to set"},{"startTime":9094.618,"endTime":9097.254,"body":"people up, that's the way to do it."},{"startTime":9097.254,"endTime":9098.489,"body":"Well, and this is another way that"},{"startTime":9098.489,"endTime":9100.191,"body":"modernity confuses us, right?"},{"startTime":9100.825,"endTime":9103.094,"body":"It used to be if you were sitting right"},{"startTime":9103.094,"endTime":9106.33,"body":"next to someone and something happened,"},{"startTime":9107.264,"endTime":9109.567,"body":"you might come to different conclusions."},{"startTime":9109.567,"endTime":9110.534,"body":"You might think, oh, I"},{"startTime":9110.534,"endTime":9111.469,"body":"thought it came from over there."},{"startTime":9111.469,"endTime":9112.703,"body":"And you thought it came from over there."},{"startTime":9112.703,"endTime":9113.904,"body":"And you might like run in different"},{"startTime":9113.904,"endTime":9115.039,"body":"directions to figure out"},{"startTime":9115.039,"endTime":9116.207,"body":"what the noise was or whatever."},{"startTime":9116.841,"endTime":9118.409,"body":"But now if you're sitting right next to"},{"startTime":9118.409,"endTime":9119.643,"body":"someone, if you're doing what so many"},{"startTime":9119.643,"endTime":9122.213,"body":"people do, you know, if you're on your"},{"startTime":9122.213,"endTime":9123.547,"body":"own devices, instead of"},{"startTime":9123.547,"endTime":9124.982,"body":"either having a conversation,"},{"startTime":9126.016,"endTime":9127.685,"body":"playing a game, having drinks, having a"},{"startTime":9127.685,"endTime":9130.054,"body":"meal, even watching the same thing on a"},{"startTime":9130.054,"endTime":9131.755,"body":"screen in front of you, if you're both on"},{"startTime":9131.755,"endTime":9134.391,"body":"your own individual screens, but you're"},{"startTime":9134.391,"endTime":9135.726,"body":"sitting right next to one another,"},{"startTime":9136.727,"endTime":9137.595,"body":"history says you're"},{"startTime":9137.595,"endTime":9138.729,"body":"having a shared experience."},{"startTime":9139.296,"endTime":9140.798,"body":"But modernity says you're not."},{"startTime":9141.465,"endTime":9144.001,"body":"And your modern brain hasn't caught up to"},{"startTime":9144.001,"endTime":9145.236,"body":"the fact that you're actually having"},{"startTime":9145.236,"endTime":9147.071,"body":"wildly different experiences, even if you"},{"startTime":9147.071,"endTime":9148.372,"body":"could reach out and touch the person."},{"startTime":9149.34,"endTime":9153.144,"body":"So back in the early days of cell phones,"},{"startTime":9153.911,"endTime":9155.613,"body":"not the really early days, not the brick"},{"startTime":9155.613,"endTime":9157.648,"body":"phones, but the early days of people"},{"startTime":9157.648,"endTime":9159.016,"body":"commonly having them,"},{"startTime":9161.485,"endTime":9163.954,"body":"there was this result that became very"},{"startTime":9163.954,"endTime":9166.123,"body":"clear very quickly, which was"},{"startTime":9167.958,"endTime":9171.195,"body":"driving while talking on your phone was"},{"startTime":9171.195,"endTime":9173.664,"body":"radically elevating of your"},{"startTime":9173.664,"endTime":9175.332,"body":"likelihood of having an accident."},{"startTime":9176.133,"endTime":9176.967,"body":"And that makes sense."},{"startTime":9176.967,"endTime":9178.335,"body":"Okay, you're having a conversation,"},{"startTime":9178.335,"endTime":9179.87,"body":"you're distracted, except listening to"},{"startTime":9179.87,"endTime":9181.472,"body":"the radio doesn't do it and talking to"},{"startTime":9181.472,"endTime":9182.406,"body":"the person next to you."},{"startTime":9182.406,"endTime":9184.475,"body":"And you're not talking about these were"},{"startTime":9184.475,"endTime":9185.342,"body":"hands free experiences."},{"startTime":9185.776,"endTime":9187.945,"body":"This wasn't a, you're distracted"},{"startTime":9187.945,"endTime":9189.313,"body":"physically with your body."},{"startTime":9189.313,"endTime":9189.58,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":9189.58,"endTime":9190.214,"body":"It didn't matter."},{"startTime":9190.214,"endTime":9191.815,"body":"But the point is the control for the"},{"startTime":9191.815,"endTime":9193.817,"body":"experiment is you could perfectly well be"},{"startTime":9193.817,"endTime":9196.186,"body":"talking to that person"},{"startTime":9196.186,"endTime":9197.655,"body":"in the seat next to you."},{"startTime":9197.655,"endTime":9198.822,"body":"And it didn't have the effect."},{"startTime":9199.123,"endTime":9201.392,"body":"It's not that having a conversation is so"},{"startTime":9201.392,"endTime":9202.393,"body":"distracting, you can't"},{"startTime":9202.393,"endTime":9203.36,"body":"handle it while you're driving."},{"startTime":9203.594,"endTime":9205.696,"body":"It's that having a conversation with"},{"startTime":9205.696,"endTime":9207.665,"body":"somebody in another location, maybe it"},{"startTime":9207.665,"endTime":9208.732,"body":"puts your mind in"},{"startTime":9208.732,"endTime":9210.034,"body":"that location with them."},{"startTime":9210.034,"endTime":9212.002,"body":"And so it's not really here, contributing"},{"startTime":9212.002,"endTime":9213.337,"body":"to your ability to drive."},{"startTime":9213.971,"endTime":9216.24,"body":"So that thing has now been augmented to"},{"startTime":9216.24,"endTime":9217.608,"body":"all sorts of things that aren't phone"},{"startTime":9217.608,"endTime":9222.713,"body":"calls, where you are being transported to"},{"startTime":9222.713,"endTime":9225.883,"body":"the eyes of a drone going around"},{"startTime":9225.883,"endTime":9227.384,"body":"Minneapolis, showing you particular"},{"startTime":9227.384,"endTime":9228.752,"body":"things and not other things."},{"startTime":9228.752,"endTime":9231.088,"body":"And it is distorting of your"},{"startTime":9231.088,"endTime":9232.59,"body":"ability to evaluate anything."},{"startTime":9233.29,"endTime":9237.161,"body":"But back to the point about the two"},{"startTime":9237.161,"endTime":9239.029,"body":"narratives that are"},{"startTime":9239.63,"endTime":9241.665,"body":"unreconcilable at this point,"},{"startTime":9242.8,"endTime":9244.401,"body":"I want to use a term."},{"startTime":9246.07,"endTime":9249.073,"body":"The dreams being execution justified."},{"startTime":9249.506,"endTime":9255.946,"body":"Let's say jaw dropping murder of unarmed"},{"startTime":9255.946,"endTime":9259.683,"body":"civilian and justifiable homicide."},{"startTime":9261.652,"endTime":9264.922,"body":"I would call this a Rorschach trap trap."},{"startTime":9265.222,"endTime":9265.689,"body":"OK."},{"startTime":9265.923,"endTime":9267.891,"body":"Rorschach test is one in which they show"},{"startTime":9267.891,"endTime":9271.028,"body":"you abstract inkblots and ask you what"},{"startTime":9271.028,"endTime":9271.996,"body":"you see in order to figure"},{"startTime":9271.996,"endTime":9273.163,"body":"out what your state of mind is."},{"startTime":9273.163,"endTime":9276.467,"body":"A Rorschach trap is going to be an event"},{"startTime":9276.467,"endTime":9279.703,"body":"that divides a"},{"startTime":9279.703,"endTime":9283.04,"body":"population based on its priors."},{"startTime":9283.374,"endTime":9287.344,"body":"And this goes to your point about the"},{"startTime":9287.344,"endTime":9289.513,"body":"research that you described in which"},{"startTime":9289.513,"endTime":9294.151,"body":"whether or not somebody has behaved badly"},{"startTime":9294.151,"endTime":9297.354,"body":"causes you to withdraw your sympathy from"},{"startTime":9297.354,"endTime":9298.188,"body":"them in the case that"},{"startTime":9298.188,"endTime":9299.223,"body":"they're a victim or not."},{"startTime":9300.124,"endTime":9302.693,"body":"But the point is, and especially in the"},{"startTime":9302.693,"endTime":9305.429,"body":"context of these places where, you know,"},{"startTime":9305.429,"endTime":9306.163,"body":"if I'm wrong about"},{"startTime":9306.163,"endTime":9307.164,"body":"this, I'm wrong about it."},{"startTime":9307.164,"endTime":9310.834,"body":"But it sure looks like the intent is to"},{"startTime":9310.834,"endTime":9314.438,"body":"cause egregious behavior in front of a"},{"startTime":9314.438,"endTime":9316.674,"body":"camera so that it can be portrayed to the"},{"startTime":9316.674,"endTime":9318.042,"body":"country and the country's"},{"startTime":9318.042,"endTime":9319.309,"body":"sympathies can be swayed."},{"startTime":9319.51,"endTime":9320.144,"body":"That's the game."},{"startTime":9320.577,"endTime":9320.778,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":9320.911,"endTime":9321.945,"body":"I want to create a victim."},{"startTime":9322.346,"endTime":9323.847,"body":"And in fact, I will go one step further."},{"startTime":9325.215,"endTime":9327.651,"body":"I can't be certain of this, but I believe"},{"startTime":9327.651,"endTime":9330.888,"body":"the game theory in these scenarios in"},{"startTime":9330.988,"endTime":9333.857,"body":"Portland during BLM in Minneapolis here"},{"startTime":9333.857,"endTime":9342.032,"body":"is I, we all will take a tiny risk of"},{"startTime":9342.032,"endTime":9345.302,"body":"being the victim, the unfortunate unlucky"},{"startTime":9345.302,"endTime":9347.371,"body":"person who doesn't walk away from the"},{"startTime":9347.371,"endTime":9350.841,"body":"scene in order to contribute my part to"},{"startTime":9350.841,"endTime":9352.543,"body":"creating a victim that we"},{"startTime":9352.543,"endTime":9354.311,"body":"can all use to turn the tide."},{"startTime":9355.012,"endTime":9355.212,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":9355.345,"endTime":9356.18,"body":"Everybody takes a little"},{"startTime":9356.213,"endTime":9357.448,"body":"risk that it's going to be them."},{"startTime":9358.482,"endTime":9360.184,"body":"And the point is the objective of the"},{"startTime":9360.184,"endTime":9361.885,"body":"exercise for which everybody is taking"},{"startTime":9361.885,"endTime":9364.955,"body":"the small risk is to get something that"},{"startTime":9364.955,"endTime":9366.356,"body":"we can finally use to"},{"startTime":9366.356,"endTime":9367.591,"body":"shut down the other side."},{"startTime":9368.826,"endTime":9370.694,"body":"And it's cynical and I'm"},{"startTime":9370.694,"endTime":9372.83,"body":"sure it's not explicit, right?"},{"startTime":9372.83,"endTime":9374.832,"body":"There are those who are aware, but that's"},{"startTime":9374.832,"endTime":9376.967,"body":"the de facto rule set."},{"startTime":9377.468,"endTime":9380.971,"body":"And we all in public who, you know, if"},{"startTime":9380.971,"endTime":9383.407,"body":"the game is actually to persuade us so"},{"startTime":9383.407,"endTime":9384.975,"body":"that we will finally switch sides and,"},{"startTime":9384.975,"endTime":9387.845,"body":"you know, abandon whoever it is that"},{"startTime":9387.845,"endTime":9390.447,"body":"we've been making common cause with, then"},{"startTime":9390.447,"endTime":9393.484,"body":"the point is, oh, well, if you're trying"},{"startTime":9393.484,"endTime":9394.952,"body":"to game me by doing this, I"},{"startTime":9394.952,"endTime":9396.62,"body":"need to shut down that channel."},{"startTime":9397.154,"endTime":9397.454,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":9397.454,"endTime":9399.123,"body":"That's the one thing I'm not going to do."},{"startTime":9399.389,"endTime":9400.624,"body":"I do want to know what happened in"},{"startTime":9400.624,"endTime":9402.259,"body":"Minneapolis and I want to know all sorts"},{"startTime":9402.259,"endTime":9403.727,"body":"of things that we don't know yet."},{"startTime":9403.727,"endTime":9405.829,"body":"And so I feel it's premature for us to be"},{"startTime":9405.829,"endTime":9408.565,"body":"judging what we think happened because it"},{"startTime":9408.565,"endTime":9410.567,"body":"hinges on questions like did he have one"},{"startTime":9410.567,"endTime":9412.202,"body":"in the chamber and did his gun go off as"},{"startTime":9412.202,"endTime":9413.17,"body":"it was being removed?"},{"startTime":9413.17,"endTime":9414.505,"body":"How could this not"},{"startTime":9414.505,"endTime":9415.472,"body":"hinge on that question?"},{"startTime":9417.374,"endTime":9420.244,"body":"But in any case, knowing that those traps"},{"startTime":9420.244,"endTime":9423.313,"body":"exist and that somebody sophisticated is"},{"startTime":9423.313,"endTime":9426.35,"body":"likely to game us in this way so that"},{"startTime":9426.35,"endTime":9428.652,"body":"whatever our priors are, they cause us to"},{"startTime":9428.652,"endTime":9429.553,"body":"reach a snap judgment"},{"startTime":9429.553,"endTime":9430.754,"body":"that's useful to them."},{"startTime":9430.754,"endTime":9434.358,"body":"That's by definition not useful to us."},{"startTime":9434.358,"endTime":9436.693,"body":"We have a capacity to reason and somebody"},{"startTime":9436.693,"endTime":9438.729,"body":"is trying to use it against us as they're"},{"startTime":9438.729,"endTime":9440.197,"body":"weaponizing our sympathy"},{"startTime":9440.197,"endTime":9441.865,"body":"and our empathy against us."},{"startTime":9441.865,"endTime":9441.965,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":9441.965,"endTime":9443.834,"body":"That's the game is to get our own"},{"startTime":9443.834,"endTime":9445.869,"body":"circuitry to cause us to do their bidding"},{"startTime":9445.869,"endTime":9447.004,"body":"rather than our own."},{"startTime":9448.572,"endTime":9449.373,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":9450.674,"endTime":9454.845,"body":"I'm prompted to think something that may"},{"startTime":9454.845,"endTime":9457.147,"body":"seem like a non sequitur here, but I'm"},{"startTime":9457.147,"endTime":9461.051,"body":"reminded of your take, which I have never"},{"startTime":9461.051,"endTime":9463.253,"body":"been able to resonate with."},{"startTime":9464.822,"endTime":9469.693,"body":"That you don't want to read a lot of"},{"startTime":9469.693,"endTime":9471.762,"body":"analyses of things and put"},{"startTime":9471.762,"endTime":9473.163,"body":"bad ideas into your own head."},{"startTime":9474.665,"endTime":9475.365,"body":"And this is exactly"},{"startTime":9475.365,"endTime":9476.934,"body":"how I feel about videos."},{"startTime":9477.701,"endTime":9480.037,"body":"That I read and I read and I read."},{"startTime":9480.704,"endTime":9485.409,"body":"And I think that I have a capacity to"},{"startTime":9485.409,"endTime":9486.61,"body":"sort wheat from chaff and"},{"startTime":9486.61,"endTime":9487.911,"body":"I'll be fooled sometimes."},{"startTime":9487.911,"endTime":9489.313,"body":"But you know, that's how I"},{"startTime":9489.413,"endTime":9491.081,"body":"accumulate a knowledge base."},{"startTime":9491.081,"endTime":9494.985,"body":"And that's the basis on which I then go"},{"startTime":9494.985,"endTime":9496.386,"body":"out into the world and I'm informed."},{"startTime":9497.788,"endTime":9500.924,"body":"And I know that when I start looking at"},{"startTime":9500.924,"endTime":9502.493,"body":"videos, I just feel"},{"startTime":9502.493,"endTime":9506.23,"body":"overwhelmed and know that I cannot know."},{"startTime":9506.763,"endTime":9508.665,"body":"Know that I am not myself the eyewitness."},{"startTime":9510.133,"endTime":9513.403,"body":"Know enough consciously, but can also"},{"startTime":9513.637,"endTime":9515.239,"body":"feel the emotional pull, the"},{"startTime":9515.239,"endTime":9517.407,"body":"psychological pull, all of the polls that"},{"startTime":9517.407,"endTime":9522.079,"body":"inexorably happen with video that I"},{"startTime":9522.079,"endTime":9524.815,"body":"think, you know, it may just be a me"},{"startTime":9524.815,"endTime":9526.95,"body":"versus you thing in terms of our"},{"startTime":9526.95,"endTime":9529.086,"body":"different personalities and what kinds of"},{"startTime":9529.086,"endTime":9531.255,"body":"modalities we tend to take in information"},{"startTime":9531.255,"endTime":9534.324,"body":"best and can detect falsehoods best on."},{"startTime":9536.093,"endTime":9539.029,"body":"But my, you know, my bias is it seems"},{"startTime":9539.029,"endTime":9542.366,"body":"that most people will be easily fooled by"},{"startTime":9542.366,"endTime":9545.035,"body":"video because it mimics the eyewitness"},{"startTime":9545.035,"endTime":9548.405,"body":"experience and that books don't."},{"startTime":9548.605,"endTime":9550.107,"body":"That, you know, part of, for me, part of"},{"startTime":9550.107,"endTime":9552.476,"body":"the wonder of reading in general, but"},{"startTime":9552.476,"endTime":9554.444,"body":"especially not reading on screens and"},{"startTime":9554.444,"endTime":9557.214,"body":"especially reading non-form works on"},{"startTime":9557.214,"endTime":9560.15,"body":"paper is that it is so"},{"startTime":9560.15,"endTime":9561.551,"body":"depoporate at some level."},{"startTime":9561.551,"endTime":9563.787,"body":"It is so bereft of so many of the usual"},{"startTime":9563.787,"endTime":9565.389,"body":"signals so that you experience real life"},{"startTime":9565.389,"endTime":9566.99,"body":"that you cannot be mistaken."},{"startTime":9567.724,"endTime":9570.627,"body":"Like you cannot be confused into"},{"startTime":9570.627,"endTime":9572.262,"body":"imagining that it is reality."},{"startTime":9572.596,"endTime":9575.666,"body":"And, you know, we talk about joining the"},{"startTime":9575.666,"endTime":9577.334,"body":"worlds and like, you know, imagining"},{"startTime":9577.334,"endTime":9579.036,"body":"ourselves in the land of Harry Potter or"},{"startTime":9579.036,"endTime":9581.505,"body":"Jane Austen or Solzhenitsyn or whoever it"},{"startTime":9581.505,"endTime":9583.874,"body":"is, but we know that that is our"},{"startTime":9583.874,"endTime":9587.878,"body":"imagination, imposing itself and"},{"startTime":9587.878,"endTime":9589.947,"body":"imagining us into those worlds."},{"startTime":9589.947,"endTime":9591.548,"body":"We know that there is that disconnect."},{"startTime":9592.249,"endTime":9592.983,"body":"And when it's videos,"},{"startTime":9593.784,"endTime":9595.185,"body":"we can too easily forget."},{"startTime":9595.552,"endTime":9599.79,"body":"We can too easily be fooled by our"},{"startTime":9599.79,"endTime":9602.826,"body":"ancient architecture into presuming that"},{"startTime":9602.826,"endTime":9605.462,"body":"we saw the thing live, even as we"},{"startTime":9605.462,"endTime":9606.73,"body":"consciously know that we did not."},{"startTime":9606.73,"endTime":9607.464,"body":"Yeah, I agree."},{"startTime":9607.464,"endTime":9611.468,"body":"It's both more prone to error and also a"},{"startTime":9611.468,"endTime":9612.302,"body":"better channel for"},{"startTime":9612.302,"endTime":9614.304,"body":"manipulation precisely because of that."},{"startTime":9614.504,"endTime":9614.705,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":9615.505,"endTime":9616.106,"body":"So I would like to"},{"startTime":9616.106,"endTime":9617.574,"body":"actually close out this segment."},{"startTime":9618.408,"endTime":9619.977,"body":"I want to show what Ron Johnson had to"},{"startTime":9619.977,"endTime":9622.112,"body":"say because it makes a point that I've"},{"startTime":9622.112,"endTime":9624.581,"body":"been struggling to make privately about"},{"startTime":9624.581,"endTime":9628.685,"body":"the context that set this event in"},{"startTime":9628.685,"endTime":9630.554,"body":"motion, whatever its nature was."},{"startTime":9630.554,"endTime":9631.989,"body":"Let's say it was a, you"},{"startTime":9631.989,"endTime":9633.724,"body":"know, a murder in cold blood."},{"startTime":9635.459,"endTime":9638.795,"body":"It still happened in a context that is"},{"startTime":9638.795,"endTime":9641.832,"body":"vital to understand and that causes you"},{"startTime":9641.832,"endTime":9644.067,"body":"to reject formulations"},{"startTime":9644.067,"endTime":9647.304,"body":"like, oh, yep, it's the Nazis."},{"startTime":9647.304,"endTime":9648.438,"body":"They're doing it."},{"startTime":9648.438,"endTime":9648.972,"body":"Look at them."},{"startTime":9648.972,"endTime":9649.306,"body":"It's right there in the"},{"startTime":9649.406,"endTime":9650.107,"body":"streets of Minneapolis."},{"startTime":9650.774,"endTime":9652.609,"body":"So, all right, let's look at Ron"},{"startTime":9652.609,"endTime":9653.91,"body":"Johnson's tweet here."},{"startTime":9655.112,"endTime":9657.347,"body":"He says, \"The deaths of Renee Good and"},{"startTime":9657.347,"endTime":9658.815,"body":"Alex Prettie are tragedies"},{"startTime":9658.815,"endTime":9660.183,"body":"that did not have to happen."},{"startTime":9660.617,"endTime":9662.919,"body":"So were the deaths of Lakin Riley,"},{"startTime":9663.487,"endTime":9666.99,"body":"Jocelyn Nungare, Brianna Kelson, Rachel"},{"startTime":9666.99,"endTime":9668.825,"body":"Morin, and many, many other"},{"startTime":9668.825,"endTime":9670.36,"body":"victims of illegal immigrants."},{"startTime":9670.827,"endTime":9671.828,"body":"All of these deaths are"},{"startTime":9671.828,"endTime":9673.03,"body":"the result of Democrats'"},{"startTime":9674.131,"endTime":9676.767,"body":"open border policy and now the incitement"},{"startTime":9676.767,"endTime":9678.168,"body":"of violence and obstruction against"},{"startTime":9678.168,"endTime":9679.302,"body":"federal law enforcement."},{"startTime":9680.17,"endTime":9681.872,"body":"Based on Mayor Fry's statement, it"},{"startTime":9681.872,"endTime":9683.807,"body":"doesn't appear the Democrat elected"},{"startTime":9683.807,"endTime":9686.043,"body":"officials will admit that the public is"},{"startTime":9686.043,"endTime":9688.245,"body":"safer if they cooperate with rather than"},{"startTime":9688.245,"endTime":9690.08,"body":"obstruct federal officials trying to"},{"startTime":9690.08,"endTime":9693.35,"body":"clean up a Democrat created messes.\""},{"startTime":9695.652,"endTime":9696.086,"body":"Okay, so-"},{"startTime":9696.386,"endTime":9699.256,"body":"Well, and that's exactly in keeping with"},{"startTime":9699.256,"endTime":9700.957,"body":"my objection to Waltz's"},{"startTime":9700.957,"endTime":9702.559,"body":"invocation of Anne Frank."},{"startTime":9703.36,"endTime":9705.328,"body":"If all you have to do is lock your"},{"startTime":9705.328,"endTime":9707.097,"body":"children inside and claim that you've"},{"startTime":9707.097,"endTime":9709.199,"body":"done that because they are in fear for"},{"startTime":9709.199,"endTime":9710.734,"body":"their lives and because they're in fear"},{"startTime":9710.734,"endTime":9713.07,"body":"for their lives, they must actually be in"},{"startTime":9713.07,"endTime":9714.704,"body":"danger of losing their lives,"},{"startTime":9714.704,"endTime":9716.039,"body":"then you've gamed the system."},{"startTime":9716.273,"endTime":9720.71,"body":"And so, if we won't hear from Mayor Fry,"},{"startTime":9720.71,"endTime":9723.847,"body":"I guess it is in Minneapolis, that it's"},{"startTime":9723.847,"endTime":9727.184,"body":"just better for you to to not obstruct"},{"startTime":9727.184,"endTime":9729.953,"body":"the law enforcement officers than of"},{"startTime":9729.953,"endTime":9732.789,"body":"course many people are not going to stop."},{"startTime":9733.523,"endTime":9734.124,"body":"Right, and in fact"},{"startTime":9734.124,"endTime":9735.258,"body":"they're being egged on."},{"startTime":9736.226,"endTime":9738.995,"body":"Waltz from, I saw behind the wall of his"},{"startTime":9738.995,"endTime":9741.131,"body":"mansion, was egging people on with a"},{"startTime":9741.131,"endTime":9743.033,"body":"bullhorn telling them they"},{"startTime":9743.033,"endTime":9743.9,"body":"were doing the right thing."},{"startTime":9744.134,"endTime":9744.768,"body":"No, he wasn't."},{"startTime":9744.768,"endTime":9745.569,"body":"Yes, he was."},{"startTime":9746.002,"endTime":9746.636,"body":"Well, I don't know."},{"startTime":9746.636,"endTime":9747.504,"body":"I think I saw that."},{"startTime":9747.504,"endTime":9748.004,"body":"Who's to say?"},{"startTime":9748.004,"endTime":9749.506,"body":"Maybe it's AI Video, but it sure looked"},{"startTime":9749.506,"endTime":9750.607,"body":"like Tim Walz to me."},{"startTime":9750.974,"endTime":9752.776,"body":"It sounded like him, which doesn't really"},{"startTime":9752.776,"endTime":9753.577,"body":"say anything these days."},{"startTime":9753.81,"endTime":9757.481,"body":"But, oh, I believe they've also been"},{"startTime":9757.481,"endTime":9759.983,"body":"handing out, I don't know,"},{"startTime":9759.983,"endTime":9761.885,"body":"is it cookies, something to..."},{"startTime":9762.452,"endTime":9762.986,"body":"For what?"},{"startTime":9764.154,"endTime":9767.257,"body":"For the brave protesters who are"},{"startTime":9767.257,"endTime":9769.392,"body":"interfering with ice."},{"startTime":9769.826,"endTime":9770.961,"body":"Well, I do like cookies."},{"startTime":9771.428,"endTime":9773.597,"body":"Yeah, you know, this is one of"},{"startTime":9773.597,"endTime":9774.898,"body":"the things you and I agree on."},{"startTime":9775.532,"endTime":9775.832,"body":"Cookies good."},{"startTime":9776.9,"endTime":9776.933,"body":"But"},{"startTime":9778.802,"endTime":9780.003,"body":"let's just put it this way."},{"startTime":9780.971,"endTime":9781.338,"body":"Do you remember,"},{"startTime":9781.671,"endTime":9784.174,"body":"sorry, but apropos cookies."},{"startTime":9784.774,"endTime":9789.713,"body":"Do you remember when Toby was in 10th"},{"startTime":9789.713,"endTime":9791.348,"body":"grade and we were living in Portland and"},{"startTime":9791.348,"endTime":9793.884,"body":"he came home and said, \"Today,"},{"startTime":9794.918,"endTime":9796.186,"body":"they were offering that if we went around"},{"startTime":9796.186,"endTime":9798.121,"body":"behind the back of the school where the"},{"startTime":9798.121,"endTime":9799.956,"body":"cars can't go and so parents couldn't"},{"startTime":9799.956,"endTime":9802.225,"body":"see, if we got our COVID"},{"startTime":9802.225,"endTime":9803.727,"body":"shots, they'd give us cookies.\""},{"startTime":9804.461,"endTime":9806.196,"body":"Yep, I do remember that."},{"startTime":9807.664,"endTime":9810.233,"body":"Hard to believe such things happened, but"},{"startTime":9810.233,"endTime":9811.902,"body":"that's the way things were."},{"startTime":9812.269,"endTime":9815.405,"body":"He was a smart 10th grader as he is now a"},{"startTime":9815.405,"endTime":9816.306,"body":"smart college student."},{"startTime":9816.506,"endTime":9818.608,"body":"And I said, \"You know, that's not legal."},{"startTime":9819.176,"endTime":9820.544,"body":"They need our permission"},{"startTime":9820.544,"endTime":9822.312,"body":"for you to get those shots.\""},{"startTime":9822.312,"endTime":9823.146,"body":"He said, \"Oh, I know.\""},{"startTime":9823.48,"endTime":9824.414,"body":"He said, \"Did you get cookies?\""},{"startTime":9824.414,"endTime":9824.915,"body":"He said, \"No.\""},{"startTime":9826.216,"endTime":9828.485,"body":"We should immediately"},{"startTime":9828.485,"endTime":9829.519,"body":"have given him cookies."},{"startTime":9829.853,"endTime":9831.121,"body":"I probably did."},{"startTime":9831.121,"endTime":9831.688,"body":"Yeah, probably."},{"startTime":9831.721,"endTime":9833.056,"body":"I probably made some awesome cookies."},{"startTime":9833.356,"endTime":9833.99,"body":"Yeah, I bet you did."},{"startTime":9834.724,"endTime":9838.862,"body":"Okay, so I just wanted to point out, at"},{"startTime":9838.862,"endTime":9840.03,"body":"the very least, we are"},{"startTime":9840.03,"endTime":9841.932,"body":"zoomed too far in here."},{"startTime":9843.033,"endTime":9846.369,"body":"This story goes back to the Biden"},{"startTime":9846.369,"endTime":9848.371,"body":"administration opening the border,"},{"startTime":9848.572,"endTime":9851.575,"body":"creating a completely unsolvable problem."},{"startTime":9851.842,"endTime":9853.043,"body":"There is going to be no way"},{"startTime":9853.043,"endTime":9854.277,"body":"we let in a lot of people."},{"startTime":9854.511,"endTime":9855.445,"body":"We don't know who they are."},{"startTime":9855.946,"endTime":9857.214,"body":"There's a lot of crime being committed."},{"startTime":9857.247,"endTime":9860.45,"body":"We voted to reverse it."},{"startTime":9860.45,"endTime":9862.552,"body":"The country voted to reverse it."},{"startTime":9863.119,"endTime":9863.954,"body":"And there is going to be no"},{"startTime":9863.954,"endTime":9865.755,"body":"way that that can be done well."},{"startTime":9866.456,"endTime":9868.391,"body":"It's going to be messy at best."},{"startTime":9868.892,"endTime":9870.994,"body":"Now, I think the Trump administration can"},{"startTime":9870.994,"endTime":9873.43,"body":"be counted on to screw it up worse than"},{"startTime":9873.43,"endTime":9874.364,"body":"it needs to be screwed up."},{"startTime":9874.998,"endTime":9877.067,"body":"And in fact, they've got people who are"},{"startTime":9877.067,"endTime":9880.303,"body":"not well enough trained doing this job,"},{"startTime":9880.537,"endTime":9881.304,"body":"who knows what their"},{"startTime":9881.304,"endTime":9882.872,"body":"borders actually look like."},{"startTime":9883.807,"endTime":9885.809,"body":"But the point is, there's a context."},{"startTime":9886.176,"endTime":9888.211,"body":"We had an open border that is unforeseen"},{"startTime":9888.211,"endTime":9889.646,"body":"by the American founders."},{"startTime":9889.646,"endTime":9891.348,"body":"They did not tell us what to do in such a"},{"startTime":9891.348,"endTime":9893.283,"body":"circumstance because under what"},{"startTime":9893.283,"endTime":9894.417,"body":"circumstance would the"},{"startTime":9894.417,"endTime":9895.952,"body":"executive open the freaking border."},{"startTime":9896.219,"endTime":9897.954,"body":"It's inconceivable and yet it happened."},{"startTime":9899.389,"endTime":9901.524,"body":"But it doesn't even start there."},{"startTime":9902.492,"endTime":9904.628,"body":"I can't remember the first time I heard"},{"startTime":9904.628,"endTime":9906.029,"body":"the word sanctuary city."},{"startTime":9906.93,"endTime":9908.531,"body":"I remember my reaction to it."},{"startTime":9908.999,"endTime":9910.233,"body":"It was back when we were still professors"},{"startTime":9910.233,"endTime":9911.568,"body":"because Olympia was one."},{"startTime":9911.968,"endTime":9913.67,"body":"Yeah, Olympia was one."},{"startTime":9913.67,"endTime":9916.74,"body":"And my thought was, wait a minute,"},{"startTime":9917.841,"endTime":9920.81,"body":"you're telling me that the city is"},{"startTime":9920.81,"endTime":9923.68,"body":"deciding that it's going to harbor people"},{"startTime":9923.68,"endTime":9926.783,"body":"who violated federal law?"},{"startTime":9926.783,"endTime":9927.684,"body":"Over that dumb?"},{"startTime":9928.018,"endTime":9928.218,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":9928.685,"endTime":9930.654,"body":"Well, but I mean, that's like, okay, you"},{"startTime":9930.654,"endTime":9932.722,"body":"might as well just put constitutional"},{"startTime":9932.722,"endTime":9935.258,"body":"crisis on the freaking sign because"},{"startTime":9935.258,"endTime":9936.993,"body":"that's what you've declared, right?"},{"startTime":9938.128,"endTime":9940.63,"body":"You've declared a sanctuary city."},{"startTime":9940.63,"endTime":9942.165,"body":"What does that even mean"},{"startTime":9942.165,"endTime":9942.966,"body":"and what does it look like?"},{"startTime":9942.966,"endTime":9943.767,"body":"Well, you know what it looks like?"},{"startTime":9943.767,"endTime":9946.169,"body":"It looks like Minneapolis right now."},{"startTime":9946.169,"endTime":9947.304,"body":"That's what it looks like."},{"startTime":9947.304,"endTime":9947.504,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":9947.871,"endTime":9951.207,"body":"And my feeling is, okay, what you are"},{"startTime":9951.207,"endTime":9954.21,"body":"telling us is that at the moment that"},{"startTime":9954.21,"endTime":9958.114,"body":"term showed up, that was the moment to"},{"startTime":9958.114,"endTime":9960.05,"body":"have this discussion and say, no, you"},{"startTime":9960.05,"endTime":9960.884,"body":"don't get to do that."},{"startTime":9960.917,"endTime":9965.388,"body":"You know, I'm not going to quote George"},{"startTime":9965.388,"endTime":9966.957,"body":"Costanza, but he's right."},{"startTime":9967.29,"endTime":9968.024,"body":"No, I am not."},{"startTime":9968.391,"endTime":9968.992,"body":"I will not."},{"startTime":9969.192,"endTime":9969.426,"body":"What's he right about?"},{"startTime":9970.026,"endTime":9971.528,"body":"Nothing, as far as I know."},{"startTime":9972.629,"endTime":9973.53,"body":"But the point is,"},{"startTime":9974.831,"endTime":9976.599,"body":"at the point people are saying sanctuary"},{"startTime":9976.599,"endTime":9979.469,"body":"city, they are telling you where we're"},{"startTime":9979.469,"endTime":9981.871,"body":"headed and we are headed to this and how"},{"startTime":9981.871,"endTime":9982.272,"body":"they're going to"},{"startTime":9982.272,"endTime":9983.673,"body":"portray it when you get there."},{"startTime":9983.673,"endTime":9984.507,"body":"That's known."},{"startTime":9984.908,"endTime":9987.944,"body":"So anyway, that is participating in the"},{"startTime":9987.944,"endTime":9990.647,"body":"Rorschach trap that has us divided"},{"startTime":9990.647,"endTime":9992.148,"body":"against each other to the benefit of"},{"startTime":9992.148,"endTime":9993.316,"body":"others, not us certainly."},{"startTime":9994.184,"endTime":9994.351,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":9994.351,"endTime":9995.752,"body":"We would be much better to figure out how"},{"startTime":9995.752,"endTime":9996.453,"body":"to talk to each other."},{"startTime":9997.287,"endTime":10000.49,"body":"And anyway, my final point would be, if"},{"startTime":10000.49,"endTime":10001.992,"body":"you think you know what happened to Alex"},{"startTime":10001.992,"endTime":10007.43,"body":"Paredy, you're way ahead of the evidence"},{"startTime":10007.43,"endTime":10010.033,"body":"because we don't yet have enough evidence"},{"startTime":10010.033,"endTime":10011.634,"body":"to know what happened to Alex Paredy,"},{"startTime":10011.634,"endTime":10012.635,"body":"other than to say it's a"},{"startTime":10012.635,"endTime":10014.804,"body":"tragedy that a family lost a son."},{"startTime":10015.405,"endTime":10015.705,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":10015.972,"endTime":10020.41,"body":"Your certainty is an indication that you"},{"startTime":10020.41,"endTime":10024.547,"body":"don't know yet what is true."},{"startTime":10024.814,"endTime":10024.948,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":10024.948,"endTime":10026.716,"body":"That you're leaving to a conclusion"},{"startTime":10026.85,"endTime":10027.917,"body":"probably because somebody"},{"startTime":10027.917,"endTime":10029.052,"body":"wants you to do exactly that."},{"startTime":10029.386,"endTime":10029.586,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":10031.054,"endTime":10033.289,"body":"Well, I'm going to save a couple of these"},{"startTime":10033.289,"endTime":10034.891,"body":"other stories, but I do want to do one"},{"startTime":10034.891,"endTime":10036.893,"body":"more thing before we go, which is that"},{"startTime":10036.893,"endTime":10038.461,"body":"this week on Natural Selections, my"},{"startTime":10038.461,"endTime":10041.264,"body":"sub-stack, I introduced a new project."},{"startTime":10041.264,"endTime":10041.965,"body":"I want to share that."},{"startTime":10042.198,"endTime":10042.732,"body":"I'm just going"},{"startTime":10044.067,"endTime":10046.636,"body":"to read the short post that I made about"},{"startTime":10046.636,"endTime":10051.741,"body":"it and invite people to come along."},{"startTime":10052.709,"endTime":10055.412,"body":"So it's called COVID era stories,"},{"startTime":10055.412,"endTime":10056.579,"body":"invitation to submit your tales."},{"startTime":10058.381,"endTime":10060.784,"body":"Turbo cancers, jobs taken away, people"},{"startTime":10060.784,"endTime":10062.185,"body":"forced to die alone, loved"},{"startTime":10062.185,"endTime":10063.42,"body":"ones never to be seen again."},{"startTime":10064.487,"endTime":10065.688,"body":"Children dismissed as unimportant."},{"startTime":10065.989,"endTime":10066.89,"body":"They don't need people."},{"startTime":10066.89,"endTime":10067.924,"body":"They don't need to see faces."},{"startTime":10068.158,"endTime":10068.925,"body":"They don't need to play."},{"startTime":10070.193,"endTime":10071.461,"body":"Fear shall be all encompassing."},{"startTime":10071.494,"endTime":10072.762,"body":"All of us locked down."},{"startTime":10072.762,"endTime":10073.63,"body":"Some of us locked in."},{"startTime":10073.93,"endTime":10076.166,"body":"People sequestered, no recourse, all in"},{"startTime":10076.166,"endTime":10077.067,"body":"the name of public health."},{"startTime":10077.967,"endTime":10078.501,"body":"Years lost,"},{"startTime":10079.235,"endTime":10081.104,"body":"opportunities lost, lives lost."},{"startTime":10082.172,"endTime":10083.84,"body":"One mother's tragedy, another mother's"},{"startTime":10083.84,"endTime":10085.408,"body":"choice, request for exemption from"},{"startTime":10085.408,"endTime":10087.143,"body":"medical mandates on the basis of medicine"},{"startTime":10087.143,"endTime":10089.579,"body":"or religion or science, requests denied."},{"startTime":10090.48,"endTime":10091.881,"body":"Individual autonomy revealed to be a"},{"startTime":10091.881,"endTime":10093.349,"body":"surface value, context dependent."},{"startTime":10093.983,"endTime":10095.351,"body":"When it's my body, I get to choose."},{"startTime":10095.752,"endTime":10096.386,"body":"When it's your body,"},{"startTime":10096.386,"endTime":10097.42,"body":"I also get to choose."},{"startTime":10098.087,"endTime":10099.489,"body":"Those who had long questioned corporate"},{"startTime":10099.489,"endTime":10101.491,"body":"power over individuals now embracing it,"},{"startTime":10101.724,"endTime":10102.892,"body":"embracing the conclusions that came"},{"startTime":10102.892,"endTime":10103.827,"body":"wrapped in lab coats and"},{"startTime":10103.827,"endTime":10106.029,"body":"jargon fueled by corporate profits."},{"startTime":10107.397,"endTime":10110.133,"body":"March 2020, mask up, don't go outside,"},{"startTime":10110.567,"endTime":10111.634,"body":"distance yourself from others."},{"startTime":10111.634,"endTime":10112.969,"body":"It is other humans that have the problem"},{"startTime":10112.969,"endTime":10114.304,"body":"of whom you must be afraid."},{"startTime":10114.304,"endTime":10116.806,"body":"Shut down, wash your mail, doom scroll."},{"startTime":10118.608,"endTime":10120.643,"body":"April 2020, beaches, parks"},{"startTime":10120.643,"endTime":10122.011,"body":"and festivals closed, ended."},{"startTime":10122.345,"endTime":10124.113,"body":"How dare some people come together and be"},{"startTime":10124.113,"endTime":10124.848,"body":"in each other's presence."},{"startTime":10125.315,"endTime":10126.049,"body":"Don't they know there"},{"startTime":10126.049,"endTime":10126.983,"body":"is a pandemic afoot?"},{"startTime":10127.584,"endTime":10129.219,"body":"A virus has been unleashed on humanity"},{"startTime":10129.219,"endTime":10130.153,"body":"created in pursuit of"},{"startTime":10130.153,"endTime":10131.488,"body":"goals we do not yet know."},{"startTime":10131.955,"endTime":10133.79,"body":"Its origin is murky, the product of"},{"startTime":10133.79,"endTime":10135.692,"body":"collaboration between powerful labs in"},{"startTime":10135.692,"endTime":10136.693,"body":"the United States and China."},{"startTime":10137.427,"endTime":10139.429,"body":"Speaking of this will not be tolerated."},{"startTime":10140.997,"endTime":10143.433,"body":"Summer 2020, daily protests become"},{"startTime":10143.433,"endTime":10145.168,"body":"nightly riots in some American cities."},{"startTime":10145.635,"endTime":10146.97,"body":"How brave of these people to come"},{"startTime":10146.97,"endTime":10148.371,"body":"together and be in each other's presence."},{"startTime":10148.805,"endTime":10149.606,"body":"They have seen the true"},{"startTime":10149.606,"endTime":10151.474,"body":"pandemic and it is called racism."},{"startTime":10151.975,"endTime":10155.812,"body":"Fall 2020, a promised vaccine is on the"},{"startTime":10155.812,"endTime":10157.18,"body":"horizon and it shall save us."},{"startTime":10157.18,"endTime":10158.481,"body":"First, we shall give it to all the"},{"startTime":10158.481,"endTime":10159.816,"body":"healthcare providers, all of them."},{"startTime":10160.149,"endTime":10161.584,"body":"For even though this is new technology,"},{"startTime":10161.584,"endTime":10162.485,"body":"we already know that it"},{"startTime":10162.485,"endTime":10163.386,"body":"is safe and effective."},{"startTime":10163.386,"endTime":10164.02,"body":"We just know."},{"startTime":10164.554,"endTime":10165.188,"body":"Trust the experts."},{"startTime":10165.889,"endTime":10166.523,"body":"Follow the science."},{"startTime":10168.324,"endTime":10170.627,"body":"Winter 2021, people rushed to get the"},{"startTime":10170.627,"endTime":10171.995,"body":"shot, coming up with ways to jump the"},{"startTime":10171.995,"endTime":10172.996,"body":"line and get early access."},{"startTime":10174.03,"endTime":10175.398,"body":"Magical thinking abounds and hope for a"},{"startTime":10175.398,"endTime":10176.132,"body":"return to the good old"},{"startTime":10176.132,"endTime":10176.266,"body":"days when life was simpler."},{"startTime":10176.299,"endTime":10178.701,"body":"Other people waited"},{"startTime":10178.701,"endTime":10180.87,"body":"out, skeptical, concerned."},{"startTime":10182.739,"endTime":10184.974,"body":"Summer 2021, those who evaded the shot"},{"startTime":10184.974,"endTime":10186.91,"body":"are derided, excluded, demonized."},{"startTime":10187.11,"endTime":10187.877,"body":"We are killing grandma."},{"startTime":10188.311,"endTime":10188.878,"body":"We are science"},{"startTime":10188.878,"endTime":10190.446,"body":"deniers, conspiracy theorists."},{"startTime":10190.88,"endTime":10192.282,"body":"Now is not the time to ask questions."},{"startTime":10192.715,"endTime":10194.517,"body":"Now is not the time to invoke our rights."},{"startTime":10194.517,"endTime":10196.119,"body":"Now is the time to comply."},{"startTime":10197.22,"endTime":10198.788,"body":"Family and friends denied entrance to"},{"startTime":10198.788,"endTime":10200.156,"body":"celebrations and holiday meals."},{"startTime":10200.757,"endTime":10202.292,"body":"Papers required to dine out, to go to a"},{"startTime":10202.292,"endTime":10203.293,"body":"show, to buy groceries."},{"startTime":10203.293,"endTime":10204.427,"body":"Those without papers are not worthy of respect. Those without papers"},{"startTime":10204.427,"endTime":10205.528,"body":"are not worthy of respect."},{"startTime":10206.396,"endTime":10206.996,"body":"Those without papers"},{"startTime":10206.996,"endTime":10207.797,"body":"are beneath contempt."},{"startTime":10208.464,"endTime":10209.265,"body":"Those without papers"},{"startTime":10209.265,"endTime":10210.533,"body":"might not be fully human."},{"startTime":10212.468,"endTime":10214.47,"body":"January 2022, many in"},{"startTime":10214.47,"endTime":10216.573,"body":"Canada stand up and say no more."},{"startTime":10217.173,"endTime":10218.575,"body":"Truckers form a freedom convoy that"},{"startTime":10218.575,"endTime":10220.21,"body":"stretches across Canada, people lining"},{"startTime":10220.21,"endTime":10222.111,"body":"highways and frigid January weather to"},{"startTime":10222.111,"endTime":10223.813,"body":"show their support, to insist on their"},{"startTime":10223.813,"endTime":10225.848,"body":"liberty, to remember the joy of being in"},{"startTime":10225.848,"endTime":10226.583,"body":"the presence of others."},{"startTime":10227.483,"endTime":10228.284,"body":"We all lived it."},{"startTime":10228.851,"endTime":10231.054,"body":"We all made choices, but memory is"},{"startTime":10231.054,"endTime":10231.988,"body":"fragile and fleeting."},{"startTime":10232.589,"endTime":10233.089,"body":"We are forgetting."},{"startTime":10233.856,"endTime":10234.724,"body":"Some of us want to forget."},{"startTime":10235.558,"endTime":10236.459,"body":"Others know that we cannot"},{"startTime":10236.459,"endTime":10238.228,"body":"stop the loss, even though we try."},{"startTime":10239.195,"endTime":10241.731,"body":"And so I invite stories, individual"},{"startTime":10241.731,"endTime":10243.733,"body":"personal stories of some aspect of what"},{"startTime":10243.733,"endTime":10245.301,"body":"you yourself were loved when experienced"},{"startTime":10245.301,"endTime":10246.236,"body":"during the COVID era."},{"startTime":10246.836,"endTime":10248.371,"body":"These will not be complete stories and it"},{"startTime":10248.371,"endTime":10249.939,"body":"may be hard to choose what to include."},{"startTime":10250.54,"endTime":10251.908,"body":"Admitting details that are true can be"},{"startTime":10251.908,"endTime":10253.176,"body":"excruciating, feel like a"},{"startTime":10253.176,"endTime":10254.344,"body":"betrayal of your own history."},{"startTime":10254.978,"endTime":10256.98,"body":"As Blaise Pascal, great 17th century"},{"startTime":10256.98,"endTime":10258.648,"body":"mathematician, inventor and philosopher,"},{"startTime":10258.648,"endTime":10260.283,"body":"once wrote to a friend, \"I would have"},{"startTime":10260.283,"endTime":10261.05,"body":"written a shorter letter,"},{"startTime":10261.484,"endTime":10262.585,"body":"but I did not have the time.\""},{"startTime":10264.02,"endTime":10264.787,"body":"Brevity is often more"},{"startTime":10264.787,"endTime":10265.788,"body":"difficult than verbosity."},{"startTime":10266.389,"endTime":10267.59,"body":"It can also be more powerful."},{"startTime":10268.791,"endTime":10270.226,"body":"The project is COVID era stories."},{"startTime":10270.96,"endTime":10272.996,"body":"Please submit pieces of up to 2500 words"},{"startTime":10272.996,"endTime":10275.064,"body":"to assistant at smilodonventures.org"},{"startTime":10275.064,"endTime":10276.466,"body":"along with contact information."},{"startTime":10276.466,"endTime":10277.734,"body":"Depending on the amount of response, we"},{"startTime":10277.734,"endTime":10278.968,"body":"will likely have to pick and choose."},{"startTime":10279.869,"endTime":10281.838,"body":"Those chosen initially would be asked to"},{"startTime":10281.838,"endTime":10283.539,"body":"supply contact info for two people who"},{"startTime":10283.539,"endTime":10284.707,"body":"can vouch for what they say."},{"startTime":10285.775,"endTime":10287.71,"body":"Fiction is powerful, but we want real"},{"startTime":10287.744,"endTime":10289.646,"body":"history, actual lived experience."},{"startTime":10290.513,"endTime":10291.814,"body":"I have help in this endeavor and the"},{"startTime":10291.814,"endTime":10293.149,"body":"wonderful woman with whom I am"},{"startTime":10293.149,"endTime":10294.584,"body":"collaborating will be working with you to"},{"startTime":10294.584,"endTime":10296.119,"body":"help you pull your story into focus if"},{"startTime":10296.119,"endTime":10297.787,"body":"that is warranted and to do light editing"},{"startTime":10297.787,"endTime":10299.088,"body":"and make contact with your references."},{"startTime":10299.922,"endTime":10301.724,"body":"I will also edit before publication, but"},{"startTime":10301.724,"endTime":10303.393,"body":"you, the author, will have"},{"startTime":10303.393,"endTime":10304.56,"body":"final say on what is published."},{"startTime":10305.128,"endTime":10306.562,"body":"You may use a pseudonym for publication"},{"startTime":10306.562,"endTime":10308.231,"body":"if you like, but behind the scenes we"},{"startTime":10308.231,"endTime":10309.666,"body":"must know your real name and identity."},{"startTime":10310.433,"endTime":10312.268,"body":"We will appreciate photos too of people"},{"startTime":10312.268,"endTime":10313.936,"body":"or places or scenes so long as you have"},{"startTime":10313.936,"endTime":10315.038,"body":"full rights to use the images."},{"startTime":10315.805,"endTime":10317.307,"body":"For published vignettes of less than a"},{"startTime":10317.307,"endTime":10318.875,"body":"thousand words, I'll pay a hundred dollar"},{"startTime":10318.875,"endTime":10320.743,"body":"on ararium and for longer pieces, 200."},{"startTime":10321.344,"endTime":10322.945,"body":"All will be posted with free access here"},{"startTime":10322.945,"endTime":10324.814,"body":"on natural selections and comments as"},{"startTime":10324.814,"endTime":10325.848,"body":"usual will be restricted"},{"startTime":10325.848,"endTime":10327.25,"body":"for paying subscribers only."},{"startTime":10328.251,"endTime":10330.286,"body":"And this is just an amalgam of some of"},{"startTime":10330.286,"endTime":10333.389,"body":"the amazing Dan Aponte's photographs that"},{"startTime":10333.389,"endTime":10335.925,"body":"he shared with me during the truckers"},{"startTime":10335.925,"endTime":10338.127,"body":"convoy in Ottawa in 2022."},{"startTime":10338.995,"endTime":10342.832,"body":"And I have listed his website and where I"},{"startTime":10342.832,"endTime":10344.434,"body":"posted the full photographs here and I"},{"startTime":10344.434,"endTime":10346.335,"body":"wanted to just say as well and I won't"},{"startTime":10346.335,"endTime":10348.171,"body":"click through any of these, but in real"},{"startTime":10348.171,"endTime":10350.006,"body":"time as we were living it, I published"},{"startTime":10350.006,"endTime":10351.474,"body":"several people's COVID era"},{"startTime":10351.474,"endTime":10353.209,"body":"stories on natural selections."},{"startTime":10354.344,"endTime":10358.381,"body":"There are a few more, but Mila's story is"},{"startTime":10358.381,"endTime":10361.484,"body":"particularly excruciating and beautiful"},{"startTime":10361.484,"endTime":10364.187,"body":"and tragic, but there are several others"},{"startTime":10364.187,"endTime":10365.688,"body":"here that I have linked."},{"startTime":10366.723,"endTime":10368.591,"body":"And I don't know where this will go if"},{"startTime":10368.591,"endTime":10372.228,"body":"it'll be small or it'll be big, but I was"},{"startTime":10372.228,"endTime":10374.997,"body":"approached by someone in the last month"},{"startTime":10374.997,"endTime":10378.034,"body":"with a story and she said sort of"},{"startTime":10378.034,"endTime":10380.203,"body":"offhandedly, someone should compile a"},{"startTime":10380.203,"endTime":10381.537,"body":"book and I know that people have been"},{"startTime":10381.537,"endTime":10382.472,"body":"compiling it, but this"},{"startTime":10382.472,"endTime":10384.34,"body":"seems like a place to do it."},{"startTime":10384.474,"endTime":10386.676,"body":"So I encourage stories."},{"startTime":10387.343,"endTime":10388.411,"body":"Love this project."},{"startTime":10390.012,"endTime":10391.28,"body":"I think it's going to be great."},{"startTime":10392.048,"endTime":10392.982,"body":"Looking forward to it."},{"startTime":10393.316,"endTime":10394.717,"body":"Yeah, me too."},{"startTime":10395.551,"endTime":10396.652,"body":"I guess I will also say, and I said in a"},{"startTime":10396.652,"endTime":10398.788,"body":"comment to someone else's comment here,"},{"startTime":10399.889,"endTime":10402.125,"body":"is that while I hope that it becomes a"},{"startTime":10402.125,"endTime":10405.595,"body":"repository for some stories that act as a"},{"startTime":10405.595,"endTime":10407.43,"body":"kind of history because it's already in"},{"startTime":10407.43,"endTime":10409.132,"body":"the past, so we're already forgetting,"},{"startTime":10409.132,"endTime":10409.532,"body":"we're already"},{"startTime":10409.532,"endTime":10410.933,"body":"revisioning our own history,"},{"startTime":10412.034,"endTime":10414.771,"body":"but the act of writing itself is also"},{"startTime":10414.771,"endTime":10418.074,"body":"healing and cathartic."},{"startTime":10418.708,"endTime":10421.077,"body":"And it might not be for some, but that"},{"startTime":10421.077,"endTime":10423.713,"body":"even if you don't have any intention of"},{"startTime":10423.713,"endTime":10428.05,"body":"sharing what you write, using this as an"},{"startTime":10428.05,"endTime":10430.586,"body":"opportunity, as a prompt to write"},{"startTime":10430.586,"endTime":10432.622,"body":"something that you know to be true that"},{"startTime":10432.622,"endTime":10436.526,"body":"you think is likely to be lost, could be"},{"startTime":10436.526,"endTime":10438.461,"body":"useful for you even if you don't choose"},{"startTime":10438.461,"endTime":10440.53,"body":"to share it with me or with others or"},{"startTime":10440.53,"endTime":10442.365,"body":"with anyone, just having"},{"startTime":10442.365,"endTime":10445.368,"body":"written it can be healing."},{"startTime":10445.935,"endTime":10446.369,"body":"I agree."},{"startTime":10446.969,"endTime":10449.939,"body":"It's amazing how often one regrets having failed to write something."},{"startTime":10449.939,"endTime":10453.776,"body":"I can't remember the instance in which I"},{"startTime":10453.776,"endTime":10455.244,"body":"regret having written it."},{"startTime":10455.978,"endTime":10456.179,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":10456.445,"endTime":10457.447,"body":"If you write it and you"},{"startTime":10457.447,"endTime":10458.915,"body":"don't have to look at it."},{"startTime":10459.048,"endTime":10459.849,"body":"Actually, and I'll just"},{"startTime":10459.849,"endTime":10460.683,"body":"say this one more thing."},{"startTime":10460.683,"endTime":10461.884,"body":"I've already told you this, but I was"},{"startTime":10464.587,"endTime":10465.021,"body":"recently,"},{"startTime":10466.189,"endTime":10468.825,"body":"my mother had spine surgery and I was in"},{"startTime":10468.825,"endTime":10469.759,"body":"the hospital while it was"},{"startTime":10469.759,"endTime":10470.993,"body":"happening and there was no wifi."},{"startTime":10471.227,"endTime":10473.729,"body":"And there were a lot of things I can do"},{"startTime":10473.729,"endTime":10475.231,"body":"on my computer with no access to the"},{"startTime":10475.231,"endTime":10476.232,"body":"internet, of course."},{"startTime":10477.066,"endTime":10478.901,"body":"But the thing that I chose to do is a"},{"startTime":10478.901,"endTime":10481.103,"body":"sort of a regular prompt to just update a"},{"startTime":10481.103,"endTime":10482.305,"body":"bunch of file formats so"},{"startTime":10482.305,"endTime":10483.206,"body":"that I don't lose access."},{"startTime":10483.906,"endTime":10484.474,"body":"And so I was going"},{"startTime":10484.474,"endTime":10485.475,"body":"back through old journals."},{"startTime":10486.175,"endTime":10487.51,"body":"I've been writing journals."},{"startTime":10488.311,"endTime":10489.512,"body":"I've been typing journals into"},{"startTime":10489.512,"endTime":10491.514,"body":"computers since the late 80s."},{"startTime":10492.348,"endTime":10495.918,"body":"And I hit some particular, some moments"},{"startTime":10495.918,"endTime":10498.788,"body":"in RCS shared history that I knew to be"},{"startTime":10498.788,"endTime":10499.922,"body":"momentous and important."},{"startTime":10500.423,"endTime":10502.892,"body":"And I read some of what I'd written then,"},{"startTime":10503.125,"endTime":10506.128,"body":"then, when my memory of events is likely"},{"startTime":10506.128,"endTime":10507.396,"body":"to have been very much more"},{"startTime":10507.396,"endTime":10508.898,"body":"accurate than what I know now."},{"startTime":10509.232,"endTime":10511.434,"body":"And I was surprised at how often I"},{"startTime":10511.434,"endTime":10513.703,"body":"thought, oh, I don't"},{"startTime":10513.703,"endTime":10514.67,"body":"remember it that way."},{"startTime":10515.071,"endTime":10515.905,"body":"Well, who do I trust?"},{"startTime":10516.405,"endTime":10517.473,"body":"Me then as I lived it,"},{"startTime":10517.473,"endTime":10519.475,"body":"or me now decades later?"},{"startTime":10519.842,"endTime":10521.544,"body":"I trust me then as I lived it, not"},{"startTime":10521.544,"endTime":10523.646,"body":"necessarily what I made of it, but like"},{"startTime":10523.646,"endTime":10524.914,"body":"in terms of just trying"},{"startTime":10524.914,"endTime":10526.415,"body":"to describe what you see."},{"startTime":10526.415,"endTime":10527.984,"body":"And this is, this is of course also one"},{"startTime":10527.984,"endTime":10529.685,"body":"of the lessons of animal behavior, right?"},{"startTime":10529.685,"endTime":10532.488,"body":"That one of the things that we try to do"},{"startTime":10532.488,"endTime":10534.624,"body":"in ourselves and when I was trying to"},{"startTime":10534.624,"endTime":10536.425,"body":"teach students how to do animal behavior"},{"startTime":10536.425,"endTime":10539.095,"body":"is that the act of observation, and this,"},{"startTime":10539.095,"endTime":10540.696,"body":"you know, this is to the point of much of"},{"startTime":10540.696,"endTime":10541.964,"body":"what we've talked about today, actually."},{"startTime":10542.164,"endTime":10545.401,"body":"But like, you know, eyewitness is a real"},{"startTime":10545.401,"endTime":10548.504,"body":"thing, but very few of us actually"},{"startTime":10548.504,"endTime":10550.773,"body":"witness things without immediately"},{"startTime":10550.84,"endTime":10552.341,"body":"overlaying what we think it means."},{"startTime":10553.309,"endTime":10555.978,"body":"And so when I go back into my field notes"},{"startTime":10555.978,"endTime":10556.913,"body":"for my dissertation,"},{"startTime":10558.581,"endTime":10560.683,"body":"about, you know, parental care and"},{"startTime":10560.683,"endTime":10562.051,"body":"territoriality and poison frogs in"},{"startTime":10562.051,"endTime":10565.421,"body":"Madagascar, what I find mostly, I find"},{"startTime":10565.421,"endTime":10567.49,"body":"always the attempt and mostly I think a"},{"startTime":10567.49,"endTime":10571.827,"body":"success in actually writing literally"},{"startTime":10571.827,"endTime":10573.462,"body":"what I saw happening."},{"startTime":10574.03,"endTime":10575.698,"body":"And only later did I come back in a"},{"startTime":10575.698,"endTime":10577.433,"body":"different colored pen and say, okay, that"},{"startTime":10577.433,"endTime":10579.068,"body":"when when it's that series of events, I'm"},{"startTime":10579.068,"endTime":10579.769,"body":"going to call that a fight."},{"startTime":10580.236,"endTime":10581.304,"body":"When it's that series of events, I'm"},{"startTime":10581.304,"endTime":10582.038,"body":"going to call it a courtship."},{"startTime":10582.038,"endTime":10583.673,"body":"And then I can come back and label them"},{"startTime":10583.673,"endTime":10584.74,"body":"and number them afterwards."},{"startTime":10584.974,"endTime":10586.876,"body":"But in the moment, even if I see two"},{"startTime":10586.876,"endTime":10589.645,"body":"males belly to belly sumo like,"},{"startTime":10590.846,"endTime":10592.915,"body":"and then chasing one another up bamboo"},{"startTime":10592.915,"endTime":10594.75,"body":"and then falling and, you know, I don't"},{"startTime":10594.75,"endTime":10595.885,"body":"call it a fight at first,"},{"startTime":10595.885,"endTime":10597.987,"body":"and that seems so precious."},{"startTime":10598.821,"endTime":10602.491,"body":"But it's not if you realize that we all"},{"startTime":10602.491,"endTime":10605.227,"body":"assume that we know what's happening all"},{"startTime":10605.227,"endTime":10607.163,"body":"the time, and we don't."},{"startTime":10607.83,"endTime":10609.632,"body":"And so trying to back off and go like,"},{"startTime":10609.632,"endTime":10611.2,"body":"what did you actually just see?"},{"startTime":10611.567,"endTime":10612.635,"body":"What did you actually just experience?"},{"startTime":10612.868,"endTime":10613.803,"body":"What actually happened?"},{"startTime":10614.57,"endTime":10617.373,"body":"Write that down and then"},{"startTime":10617.473,"endTime":10618.908,"body":"separate out the interpretation."},{"startTime":10619.508,"endTime":10621.31,"body":"And that, you know, that is how we"},{"startTime":10621.31,"endTime":10623.412,"body":"discern, we begin to discern truth."},{"startTime":10623.779,"endTime":10625.448,"body":"Yeah, it's a kind of cultivated"},{"startTime":10625.448,"endTime":10628.951,"body":"agnosticism that one needs in order to"},{"startTime":10628.951,"endTime":10630.82,"body":"arrive at a correct conclusion."},{"startTime":10631.187,"endTime":10631.654,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":10631.654,"endTime":10634.19,"body":"You know, one thing when an event is, you"},{"startTime":10634.19,"endTime":10636.092,"body":"know, straightforward, you know, I"},{"startTime":10636.092,"endTime":10639.061,"body":"dropped the glass, but lots of events are"},{"startTime":10639.061,"endTime":10639.662,"body":"not straightforward."},{"startTime":10640.396,"endTime":10642.965,"body":"And the temptation, it goes back to what"},{"startTime":10642.965,"endTime":10644.433,"body":"you said at the very top of the podcast"},{"startTime":10644.433,"endTime":10646.068,"body":"about the instantaneous, the"},{"startTime":10646.068,"endTime":10647.269,"body":"danger of the instantaneous."},{"startTime":10647.503,"endTime":10647.703,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":10648.07,"endTime":10648.537,"body":"The instantaneous"},{"startTime":10648.537,"endTime":10651.007,"body":"assessment is not a good thing."},{"startTime":10651.307,"endTime":10652.308,"body":"It can be right, maybe"},{"startTime":10652.308,"endTime":10653.442,"body":"it's almost always right."},{"startTime":10653.442,"endTime":10654.877,"body":"But in those cases where it's wrong, if"},{"startTime":10654.877,"endTime":10656.712,"body":"it's one in 100 times that it's wrong,"},{"startTime":10656.712,"endTime":10658.614,"body":"and you make 100 instantaneous judgments"},{"startTime":10658.614,"endTime":10660.883,"body":"in the, you know, space of an hour, yeah."},{"startTime":10661.45,"endTime":10663.419,"body":"The point is, oh, you just introduced an"},{"startTime":10663.419,"endTime":10665.388,"body":"error into your model and you don't know"},{"startTime":10665.388,"endTime":10666.989,"body":"how big an effect it's going to have."},{"startTime":10667.356,"endTime":10667.623,"body":"That's right."},{"startTime":10668.858,"endTime":10669.492,"body":"That's right."},{"startTime":10670.292,"endTime":10670.793,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":10671.127,"endTime":10672.128,"body":"Well, we will be back"},{"startTime":10672.128,"endTime":10673.429,"body":"next week, Wednesday."},{"startTime":10673.763,"endTime":10674.196,"body":"Wednesday."},{"startTime":10675.031,"endTime":10676.165,"body":"That's a week and a day."},{"startTime":10676.999,"endTime":10678.401,"body":"It's still Wednesday."},{"startTime":10679.935,"endTime":10681.971,"body":"And check out our sponsors this week,"},{"startTime":10682.271,"endTime":10684.173,"body":"which were, let's see, you started us out"},{"startTime":10684.173,"endTime":10686.575,"body":"with Xlear, we've got Caraway and Massa"},{"startTime":10686.575,"endTime":10688.01,"body":"Chips, three awesome sponsors."},{"startTime":10689.111,"endTime":10691.681,"body":"And until you see us next time, you go to"},{"startTime":10691.681,"endTime":10692.815,"body":"the ones you love, eat"},{"startTime":10692.815,"endTime":10694.483,"body":"good food, and get outside."},{"startTime":10694.884,"endTime":10695.418,"body":"Be well, everyone."}]}