{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":3600.0,"endTime":3606.833,"body":"Hey folks, welcome to the DarkHorse"},{"startTime":3606.833,"endTime":3608.5,"body":"podcast live stream."},{"startTime":3608.866,"endTime":3611.633,"body":"It is episode 321."},{"startTime":3612.333,"endTime":3612.566,"body":"3, 2, 1."},{"startTime":3613.233,"endTime":3613.433,"body":"Three-"},{"startTime":3614.166,"endTime":3615.666,"body":"Somehow I had not put that"},{"startTime":3615.666,"endTime":3616.633,"body":"together, but you have 3, 2, 1."},{"startTime":3617.233,"endTime":3617.966,"body":"Blast off."},{"startTime":3618.266,"endTime":3619.3,"body":"I'm Dr."},{"startTime":3619.3,"endTime":3619.566,"body":"Bret Weinstein."},{"startTime":3620.0,"endTime":3620.566,"body":"You are Dr."},{"startTime":3620.566,"endTime":3620.766,"body":"Heather."},{"startTime":3621.199,"endTime":3621.566,"body":"It's in keeping."},{"startTime":3622.266,"endTime":3624.466,"body":"We have Artemis 2 out"},{"startTime":3624.466,"endTime":3625.633,"body":"there doing its thing."},{"startTime":3626.233,"endTime":3628.033,"body":"Some people think we don't, but yeah,"},{"startTime":3629.733,"endTime":3633.133,"body":"fascinating that we are either going back"},{"startTime":3633.133,"endTime":3634.466,"body":"to the moon or pretending."},{"startTime":3635.666,"endTime":3637.166,"body":"One of our friends who has left"},{"startTime":3637.166,"endTime":3639.3,"body":"Washington state because that's happening"},{"startTime":3639.3,"endTime":3642.099,"body":"has moved to Florida and sent me a video."},{"startTime":3642.099,"endTime":3643.599,"body":"She doesn't even live particularly close"},{"startTime":3643.599,"endTime":3646.566,"body":"to Canaveral, but sent me a video of"},{"startTime":3646.566,"endTime":3649.8,"body":"catching the blast off."},{"startTime":3650.533,"endTime":3653.199,"body":"Yes, we also had other"},{"startTime":3653.199,"endTime":3654.133,"body":"friends in the neighborhood."},{"startTime":3655.4,"endTime":3657.566,"body":"David Maryland were on a boat watching"},{"startTime":3657.566,"endTime":3659.099,"body":"it, so something definitely took off."},{"startTime":3659.433,"endTime":3661.766,"body":"Nobody doubts that, I think, but I mean,"},{"startTime":3661.766,"endTime":3662.966,"body":"I'm sure there's some doubters, but"},{"startTime":3662.966,"endTime":3665.333,"body":"that's a crazy thing to say."},{"startTime":3665.633,"endTime":3665.833,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":3666.166,"endTime":3667.0,"body":"Nobody doubts that."},{"startTime":3668.366,"endTime":3671.066,"body":"I withdraw my absurd assertion."},{"startTime":3672.566,"endTime":3673.666,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":3674.066,"endTime":3675.933,"body":"So today we're going to"},{"startTime":3675.933,"endTime":3680.466,"body":"talk about some global stories."},{"startTime":3681.133,"endTime":3682.0,"body":"We're going to talk a little bit about"},{"startTime":3682.0,"endTime":3685.866,"body":"the mythos model that is causing quite a"},{"startTime":3685.866,"endTime":3686.833,"body":"lot of consternation"},{"startTime":3686.833,"endTime":3689.099,"body":"coming out of anthropic."},{"startTime":3689.099,"endTime":3690.733,"body":"What it does or does"},{"startTime":3690.733,"endTime":3692.199,"body":"not potentially mean."},{"startTime":3692.433,"endTime":3693.566,"body":"We're going to talk a little bit about"},{"startTime":3693.566,"endTime":3697.733,"body":"the president and his threat against Iran"},{"startTime":3697.733,"endTime":3700.433,"body":"and the fragile ceasefire that seems to"},{"startTime":3700.433,"endTime":3701.466,"body":"have resulted from it."},{"startTime":3701.866,"endTime":3704.266,"body":"We're going to talk about the"},{"startTime":3704.266,"endTime":3706.099,"body":"nature of emergencies in Washington state"},{"startTime":3706.099,"endTime":3709.4,"body":"and memories of COVID."},{"startTime":3710.066,"endTime":3710.433,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":3710.699,"endTime":3712.533,"body":"That sounds like a full slate."},{"startTime":3712.9,"endTime":3714.266,"body":"Memories of the COVID era rather."},{"startTime":3716.933,"endTime":3717.733,"body":"It's 321 prime."},{"startTime":3718.633,"endTime":3718.833,"body":"No."},{"startTime":3719.766,"endTime":3720.566,"body":"I didn't think it was."},{"startTime":3720.566,"endTime":3721.633,"body":"It didn't really have that look to it,"},{"startTime":3721.633,"endTime":3722.966,"body":"but I admit I've"},{"startTime":3722.966,"endTime":3723.933,"body":"gotten lazy on this front."},{"startTime":3724.433,"endTime":3724.699,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3724.699,"endTime":3725.133,"body":"Check it out."},{"startTime":3725.633,"endTime":3725.833,"body":"321."},{"startTime":3727.033,"endTime":3728.933,"body":"So three by 107."},{"startTime":3730.5,"endTime":3731.033,"body":"There you go."},{"startTime":3731.333,"endTime":3731.733,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":3732.066,"endTime":3732.266,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3732.366,"endTime":3733.033,"body":"I see it."},{"startTime":3733.266,"endTime":3733.466,"body":"OK."},{"startTime":3733.733,"endTime":3736.099,"body":"Well, I guess that solves that issue."},{"startTime":3736.366,"endTime":3736.566,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":3736.733,"endTime":3738.9,"body":"So check us out on Locals where we'll be"},{"startTime":3738.9,"endTime":3740.566,"body":"doing a Q\u0026A after this right after this"},{"startTime":3740.566,"endTime":3743.266,"body":"livestream and also remind that this is a"},{"startTime":3743.266,"endTime":3747.066,"body":"third in a four pack of livestreams just"},{"startTime":3747.066,"endTime":3750.766,"body":"hitting you fast and in rapid succession"},{"startTime":3750.766,"endTime":3753.9,"body":"early in April and this Saturday will be"},{"startTime":3753.9,"endTime":3755.266,"body":"our last for a couple of weeks."},{"startTime":3756.666,"endTime":3760.066,"body":"And let's let's go to the sponsors."},{"startTime":3760.066,"endTime":3760.733,"body":"Let's go to the ads."},{"startTime":3761.033,"endTime":3761.433,"body":"Pay the rent."},{"startTime":3761.633,"endTime":3763.5,"body":"Right up at the top as always."},{"startTime":3763.766,"endTime":3764.733,"body":"Three awesome sponsors."},{"startTime":3766.633,"endTime":3767.833,"body":"I now see that I am"},{"startTime":3767.833,"endTime":3769.166,"body":"introducing the first of them."},{"startTime":3769.166,"endTime":3770.133,"body":"You did ask for it."},{"startTime":3770.133,"endTime":3772.366,"body":"I did ask for it, which comes"},{"startTime":3772.366,"endTime":3773.8,"body":"as no surprise to you."},{"startTime":3774.466,"endTime":3775.033,"body":"It did anyway."},{"startTime":3775.266,"endTime":3776.766,"body":"You've known me a long time."},{"startTime":3777.766,"endTime":3777.966,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":3778.033,"endTime":3780.199,"body":"Our first sponsor, Heather, this not this"},{"startTime":3780.199,"endTime":3781.566,"body":"week because this is our second"},{"startTime":3781.566,"endTime":3782.4,"body":"livestream this week."},{"startTime":3782.933,"endTime":3785.099,"body":"No, it's the first of two livestreams."},{"startTime":3785.566,"endTime":3786.433,"body":"Our first sponsor for"},{"startTime":3786.433,"endTime":3787.933,"body":"this episode is Clear."},{"startTime":3788.366,"endTime":3790.666,"body":"Clear is a nasal spray, as you know, that"},{"startTime":3790.666,"endTime":3792.133,"body":"supports respiratory health."},{"startTime":3792.133,"endTime":3794.066,"body":"It is widely available online and in"},{"startTime":3794.066,"endTime":3796.466,"body":"stores and both it and the company that"},{"startTime":3796.466,"endTime":3797.633,"body":"makes it are fantastic."},{"startTime":3798.166,"endTime":3802.366,"body":"It's clear that that's X L E A R."},{"startTime":3802.366,"endTime":3803.666,"body":"See this curveball right at the front of"},{"startTime":3803.666,"endTime":3805.8,"body":"the word and it's pronounced clear as"},{"startTime":3805.8,"endTime":3807.766,"body":"you've heard me do throughout history."},{"startTime":3807.766,"endTime":3809.566,"body":"Improvements in sanitation and hygiene"},{"startTime":3809.566,"endTime":3811.966,"body":"have had huge impacts on human longevity"},{"startTime":3811.966,"endTime":3813.733,"body":"and quality of life more so than"},{"startTime":3813.733,"endTime":3814.933,"body":"traditional medical advances."},{"startTime":3815.566,"endTime":3816.933,"body":"For instance, when doctors started to"},{"startTime":3816.933,"endTime":3818.433,"body":"wash their hands between handling"},{"startTime":3818.433,"endTime":3820.033,"body":"cadavers and helping women give birth,"},{"startTime":3820.033,"endTime":3820.733,"body":"the rate of maternal"},{"startTime":3820.733,"endTime":3821.966,"body":"deaths went way down."},{"startTime":3823.333,"endTime":3824.966,"body":"Breathing, polluted air, drinking tainted"},{"startTime":3824.966,"endTime":3826.233,"body":"water have hugely"},{"startTime":3826.233,"endTime":3828.366,"body":"negative effects on human health."},{"startTime":3828.699,"endTime":3831.033,"body":"Cleaning up the air and water, clean up"},{"startTime":3831.033,"endTime":3832.166,"body":"the air and water and"},{"startTime":3832.166,"endTime":3833.033,"body":"people get healthier."},{"startTime":3834.033,"endTime":3834.733,"body":"Nasal hygiene often"},{"startTime":3834.733,"endTime":3835.633,"body":"gets overlooked though."},{"startTime":3836.266,"endTime":3837.8,"body":"Consider the majority of bacteria and"},{"startTime":3837.8,"endTime":3838.866,"body":"viruses that make us sick"},{"startTime":3838.866,"endTime":3840.3,"body":"enter through our mouth and nose."},{"startTime":3840.633,"endTime":3842.833,"body":"It has become a cultural norm to wash our"},{"startTime":3842.833,"endTime":3844.833,"body":"hands in order to help stop the spread of"},{"startTime":3844.833,"endTime":3846.166,"body":"disease from person to person."},{"startTime":3846.766,"endTime":3848.033,"body":"But it's rare that we get sick through"},{"startTime":3848.033,"endTime":3849.533,"body":"our, through our hands."},{"startTime":3849.533,"endTime":3850.833,"body":"Rather we get sick through our mouth."},{"startTime":3851.099,"endTime":3852.699,"body":"I'm on this."},{"startTime":3853.733,"endTime":3855.5,"body":"It's like your first"},{"startTime":3855.5,"endTime":3856.633,"body":"foray into speed reading."},{"startTime":3857.733,"endTime":3861.699,"body":"My first foray into speed reading was a"},{"startTime":3861.699,"endTime":3863.233,"body":"disaster I'll have, you know, as was"},{"startTime":3863.233,"endTime":3865.666,"body":"every following attempt to speed read."},{"startTime":3865.666,"endTime":3866.666,"body":"I don't even believe that it exists."},{"startTime":3867.466,"endTime":3870.066,"body":"I know that you feel the weight of the"},{"startTime":3870.066,"endTime":3872.533,"body":"world on you in many regards, but it's"},{"startTime":3874.466,"endTime":3875.466,"body":"taken a little bit more"},{"startTime":3875.466,"endTime":3876.5,"body":"time between sentences."},{"startTime":3876.8,"endTime":3878.4,"body":"It's not going to be the difference."},{"startTime":3878.833,"endTime":3879.033,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":3879.066,"endTime":3880.933,"body":"Well, in fact, I mean, actually, if"},{"startTime":3880.933,"endTime":3884.466,"body":"you're going to grapple with the stuff"},{"startTime":3884.466,"endTime":3886.366,"body":"that's going on at any scale, including"},{"startTime":3886.366,"endTime":3888.266,"body":"the global, it would be really good if"},{"startTime":3888.266,"endTime":3890.433,"body":"you didn't have a cold or something worse"},{"startTime":3890.8,"endTime":3893.5,"body":"and you can prevent it by spritzing some"},{"startTime":3893.5,"endTime":3895.766,"body":"clear up your nose, which it is going to"},{"startTime":3895.766,"endTime":3897.933,"body":"describe here works by preventing the"},{"startTime":3897.933,"endTime":3900.599,"body":"adhesion of pathogens to the surfaces"},{"startTime":3900.599,"endTime":3902.333,"body":"that they use to get into your cells."},{"startTime":3902.766,"endTime":3902.8,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":3902.8,"endTime":3903.133,"body":"Good."},{"startTime":3903.133,"endTime":3903.8,"body":"So you're still in there."},{"startTime":3903.966,"endTime":3904.166,"body":"Good."},{"startTime":3904.466,"endTime":3904.9,"body":"I'm right there."},{"startTime":3905.166,"endTime":3906.233,"body":"No, I'm here."},{"startTime":3906.466,"endTime":3906.666,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3906.833,"endTime":3907.366,"body":"I'm right here."},{"startTime":3908.833,"endTime":3909.033,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":3909.066,"endTime":3910.699,"body":"So shouldn't we do something to block the"},{"startTime":3910.699,"endTime":3911.433,"body":"adhesion of these"},{"startTime":3911.433,"endTime":3914.633,"body":"pathogens inside our nasal mucosa?"},{"startTime":3915.199,"endTime":3915.933,"body":"Enter clear."},{"startTime":3916.8,"endTime":3918.066,"body":"Clear is a nasal spray that contains"},{"startTime":3918.066,"endTime":3920.333,"body":"xylitol, a five carbon sugar alcohol."},{"startTime":3920.599,"endTime":3922.433,"body":"Our bodies naturally contain five carbon"},{"startTime":3922.433,"endTime":3924.333,"body":"sugars, mostly in the form of ribose and"},{"startTime":3924.333,"endTime":3925.433,"body":"deoxy ribose, which are"},{"startTime":3925.433,"endTime":3928.433,"body":"the backbones of RNA and DNA."},{"startTime":3929.266,"endTime":3931.533,"body":"Xylitol is known to reduce how sticky"},{"startTime":3931.533,"endTime":3933.8,"body":"bacteria and viruses are to our tissues"},{"startTime":3933.8,"endTime":3936.133,"body":"in the presence of xylitol bacteria and"},{"startTime":3936.133,"endTime":3938.733,"body":"viruses, including strep, SARS-CoV-2 and"},{"startTime":3938.733,"endTime":3941.5,"body":"RSV don't adhere to our airways as well,"},{"startTime":3941.5,"endTime":3943.033,"body":"which helps our body's natural defense"},{"startTime":3943.033,"endTime":3944.866,"body":"mechanisms easily flush them away."},{"startTime":3945.733,"endTime":3947.366,"body":"Clear is a simple nasal spray."},{"startTime":3947.366,"endTime":3948.766,"body":"Use it in the morning and evening."},{"startTime":3948.766,"endTime":3949.933,"body":"It takes just three seconds."},{"startTime":3950.133,"endTime":3952.166,"body":"It's fast, easy, and decidedly healthy."},{"startTime":3953.133,"endTime":3955.4,"body":"If any of this sounds familiar, perhaps"},{"startTime":3955.4,"endTime":3957.133,"body":"you listen to my conversation with Nathan"},{"startTime":3957.133,"endTime":3959.233,"body":"Jones, the founder of clear on the inside"},{"startTime":3959.233,"endTime":3962.033,"body":"rail in November of 24, or my"},{"startTime":3962.033,"endTime":3963.766,"body":"conversation with Nate's father, Lon"},{"startTime":3963.766,"endTime":3966.366,"body":"Jones, osteopath and inventor of clear on"},{"startTime":3966.366,"endTime":3968.099,"body":"how xylitol interacts with respiratory"},{"startTime":3968.099,"endTime":3970.066,"body":"viruses in May of 2025."},{"startTime":3970.8,"endTime":3972.866,"body":"We recommend those conversations and we"},{"startTime":3972.866,"endTime":3973.866,"body":"highly recommend clear."},{"startTime":3973.866,"endTime":3975.733,"body":"It is a daily habit and prophylactic"},{"startTime":3975.733,"endTime":3977.333,"body":"against respiratory illnesses."},{"startTime":3977.766,"endTime":3981.733,"body":"That's clear with an X, X L E A R."},{"startTime":3982.099,"endTime":3984.266,"body":"Get clear online or at your pharmacy,"},{"startTime":3984.533,"endTime":3986.066,"body":"grocery store, or natural products"},{"startTime":3986.066,"endTime":3988.666,"body":"retailer and start taking six seconds a"},{"startTime":3988.666,"endTime":3990.366,"body":"day to improve your nasal hygiene and"},{"startTime":3990.366,"endTime":3991.933,"body":"support your respiratory health."},{"startTime":3992.566,"endTime":3992.933,"body":"Awesome."},{"startTime":3994.033,"endTime":3996.099,"body":"Awesome enough."},{"startTime":3996.466,"endTime":3997.066,"body":"That's my feeling."},{"startTime":3997.566,"endTime":3998.233,"body":"Sufficiently awesome."},{"startTime":3998.633,"endTime":3998.833,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":3999.833,"endTime":4001.3,"body":"Our second sponsor this week is Caraway,"},{"startTime":4001.599,"endTime":4003.266,"body":"which makes high quality, non-toxic"},{"startTime":4003.266,"endTime":4004.533,"body":"cookware and bakeware."},{"startTime":4005.266,"endTime":4006.566,"body":"If you want to cook more while eating"},{"startTime":4006.566,"endTime":4008.033,"body":"better and decreasing your exposure to"},{"startTime":4008.033,"endTime":4009.133,"body":"toxins, you can do all"},{"startTime":4009.133,"endTime":4010.366,"body":"three by using Caraway."},{"startTime":4011.033,"endTime":4013.033,"body":"As winter breaks up and spring shows up,"},{"startTime":4013.033,"endTime":4014.5,"body":"maybe you're cooking fewer stews and"},{"startTime":4014.5,"endTime":4016.233,"body":"braises, moving towards lighter fare like"},{"startTime":4016.233,"endTime":4017.333,"body":"roasted chicken on the very"},{"startTime":4017.333,"endTime":4018.566,"body":"earliest berries and shoots."},{"startTime":4019.333,"endTime":4020.233,"body":"Maybe you want to make a perfect"},{"startTime":4020.233,"endTime":4021.066,"body":"chocolate cake or"},{"startTime":4021.066,"endTime":4022.233,"body":"bright and chewy lemon bars."},{"startTime":4022.633,"endTime":4024.166,"body":"With Caraway, all of this deliciousness"},{"startTime":4024.166,"endTime":4026.033,"body":"from roasting to baking, from a quick"},{"startTime":4026.033,"endTime":4027.733,"body":"omelet cooked on the stove top to a long"},{"startTime":4027.733,"endTime":4029.733,"body":"simmered soup is easy to accomplish."},{"startTime":4030.433,"endTime":4031.833,"body":"Caraway's cookware and bakeware is"},{"startTime":4031.833,"endTime":4032.933,"body":"functional, beautiful,"},{"startTime":4033.133,"endTime":4034.333,"body":"non-toxic, and easy to clean."},{"startTime":4034.833,"endTime":4035.533,"body":"What more could you want?"},{"startTime":4036.333,"endTime":4038.366,"body":"Modern life is full of hazards, not least"},{"startTime":4038.366,"endTime":4039.333,"body":"the non-stick coatings"},{"startTime":4039.333,"endTime":4040.566,"body":"on cookware and bakeware."},{"startTime":4041.033,"endTime":4042.599,"body":"We threw out all our Teflon cookware"},{"startTime":4042.599,"endTime":4045.233,"body":"decades ago because Teflon's toxic, and"},{"startTime":4045.233,"endTime":4046.933,"body":"yet over 70% of cookware in the United"},{"startTime":4046.933,"endTime":4049.533,"body":"States is made with Teflon, and 97% of"},{"startTime":4049.533,"endTime":4050.866,"body":"Americans have toxic chemicals from"},{"startTime":4050.866,"endTime":4052.366,"body":"non-stick cookware in their blood."},{"startTime":4053.3,"endTime":4055.0,"body":"When you cook with Teflon, it only takes"},{"startTime":4055.0,"endTime":4056.366,"body":"two and a half minutes for a pan to get"},{"startTime":4056.366,"endTime":4057.866,"body":"hot enough to start releasing toxins."},{"startTime":4058.633,"endTime":4059.133,"body":"Enter Caraway."},{"startTime":4059.666,"endTime":4061.699,"body":"Caraway kitchenware is crafted with"},{"startTime":4061.699,"endTime":4063.9,"body":"sustainable, non-toxic materials like FSC"},{"startTime":4063.9,"endTime":4065.933,"body":"certified birch wood, premium stainless"},{"startTime":4065.933,"endTime":4068.566,"body":"steel, enameled cast iron, and naturally"},{"startTime":4068.566,"endTime":4069.766,"body":"slick ceramic to help you"},{"startTime":4069.766,"endTime":4071.466,"body":"create a safer, healthier home."},{"startTime":4072.333,"endTime":4073.933,"body":"Caraway makes several lines of non-toxic"},{"startTime":4073.933,"endTime":4074.866,"body":"cookware and bakeware."},{"startTime":4074.866,"endTime":4076.099,"body":"Our favorites are their stainless steel"},{"startTime":4076.099,"endTime":4077.5,"body":"line and their enameled cast iron."},{"startTime":4078.366,"endTime":4080.033,"body":"All of Caraway's products are free from"},{"startTime":4080.033,"endTime":4081.3,"body":"forever chemicals, and their enameled"},{"startTime":4081.3,"endTime":4082.266,"body":"cast iron is offered in six"},{"startTime":4082.266,"endTime":4083.433,"body":"stylish and beautiful colors."},{"startTime":4084.133,"endTime":4085.599,"body":"These pots are strong and highly scratch"},{"startTime":4085.599,"endTime":4086.9,"body":"resistant, the last generations."},{"startTime":4087.5,"endTime":4089.266,"body":"And Caraway also offers butcher blocks to"},{"startTime":4089.266,"endTime":4091.4,"body":"cut on, glass lids for non-toxic cooking"},{"startTime":4091.4,"endTime":4093.066,"body":"with a view, and a new bar set, which is"},{"startTime":4093.066,"endTime":4093.533,"body":"crafted from"},{"startTime":4093.533,"endTime":4095.466,"body":"rust-resistant 304 stainless steel."},{"startTime":4095.466,"endTime":4097.466,"body":"I always mean to look up what 304 refers"},{"startTime":4097.466,"endTime":4098.766,"body":"to, but I'm sure it's about the"},{"startTime":4098.8,"endTime":4100.233,"body":"particular makeup of the steel."},{"startTime":4100.566,"endTime":4102.933,"body":"I think it is a particular alloy, and I"},{"startTime":4102.933,"endTime":4104.233,"body":"have forgotten any detail"},{"startTime":4104.233,"endTime":4106.566,"body":"at all over what 304 is."},{"startTime":4107.033,"endTime":4107.233,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4108.866,"endTime":4110.266,"body":"Anyway, rust-resistant 304 stainless"},{"startTime":4110.266,"endTime":4111.666,"body":"steel in their new bar set."},{"startTime":4112.233,"endTime":4113.966,"body":"We're cooking with Caraway, and now Zach,"},{"startTime":4113.966,"endTime":4115.1,"body":"our elder son, is too, in"},{"startTime":4115.1,"endTime":4116.033,"body":"his first college apartment."},{"startTime":4116.3,"endTime":4117.766,"body":"He says it's amazing, which we know to be"},{"startTime":4117.766,"endTime":4119.133,"body":"true, and we know that he will be cooking"},{"startTime":4119.133,"endTime":4120.6,"body":"with it for a long time to come."},{"startTime":4121.566,"endTime":4122.366,"body":"Caraway's cookware set is"},{"startTime":4122.366,"endTime":4123.266,"body":"a favorite for a reason."},{"startTime":4123.6,"endTime":4125.766,"body":"It can save you up to $190 versus buying"},{"startTime":4125.766,"endTime":4127.066,"body":"the items individually plus."},{"startTime":4127.699,"endTime":4130.433,"body":"If you visit carawayhome.com slash DH10,"},{"startTime":4130.766,"endTime":4131.666,"body":"you can take an additional"},{"startTime":4131.666,"endTime":4133.133,"body":"10% off your next purchase."},{"startTime":4133.766,"endTime":4135.066,"body":"This deal is exclusive for our listeners,"},{"startTime":4135.333,"endTime":4138.833,"body":"so visit carawayhome.com slash DH10 or"},{"startTime":4138.833,"endTime":4140.533,"body":"use code DH10 at checkout."},{"startTime":4141.066,"endTime":4142.166,"body":"Caraway, non-toxic"},{"startTime":4142.166,"endTime":4143.333,"body":"kitchenware made modern."},{"startTime":4146.666,"endTime":4148.066,"body":"Our final sponsor for this episode,"},{"startTime":4148.933,"endTime":4152.3,"body":"excuse me, it is spring here, and the"},{"startTime":4152.3,"endTime":4154.066,"body":"olders are going crazy."},{"startTime":4154.066,"endTime":4156.033,"body":"They're having sex in full view of"},{"startTime":4156.033,"endTime":4158.166,"body":"everyone, and the pollen is everywhere."},{"startTime":4158.433,"endTime":4160.833,"body":"Yes, they are unashamed somehow."},{"startTime":4161.266,"endTime":4163.033,"body":"Yeah, not embarrassed, not covering up."},{"startTime":4163.3,"endTime":4164.266,"body":"Yeah, at least the males."},{"startTime":4165.166,"endTime":4167.866,"body":"I mean, I guess that fits, but, yes."},{"startTime":4168.066,"endTime":4168.266,"body":"For trees."},{"startTime":4168.266,"endTime":4169.199,"body":"Yeah, for trees."},{"startTime":4169.199,"endTime":4171.433,"body":"For wind-pollinated trees, apparently."},{"startTime":4171.866,"endTime":4174.966,"body":"Unbelievable, the volume of this stuff."},{"startTime":4175.266,"endTime":4178.233,"body":"Yeah, so, I mean, like, the cars are just"},{"startTime":4178.633,"endTime":4179.6,"body":"coded, even if you've"},{"startTime":4179.6,"endTime":4181.266,"body":"driven, you know, two hours ago."},{"startTime":4181.266,"endTime":4182.233,"body":"I get back to it and then..."},{"startTime":4182.233,"endTime":4184.366,"body":"I had to use the snow shovel to get the"},{"startTime":4184.366,"endTime":4185.366,"body":"truck out this morning."},{"startTime":4185.366,"endTime":4186.033,"body":"Wow."},{"startTime":4186.533,"endTime":4187.333,"body":"All right, slight"},{"startTime":4187.333,"endTime":4189.8,"body":"exaggeration, but we're getting there."},{"startTime":4190.066,"endTime":4192.533,"body":"I mean, the amount of stuff that flows"},{"startTime":4192.533,"endTime":4193.899,"body":"off the vehicle as you"},{"startTime":4193.899,"endTime":4195.133,"body":"pull out the parking space."},{"startTime":4195.133,"endTime":4195.633,"body":"Yeah, you leave a yellow"},{"startTime":4195.633,"endTime":4199.833,"body":"cloud and it's just plant sex."},{"startTime":4200.533,"endTime":4200.899,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":4201.133,"endTime":4203.066,"body":"It's not gunk, it's not toxins."},{"startTime":4203.633,"endTime":4207.033,"body":"Our new systems seem to think, seem to be"},{"startTime":4207.033,"endTime":4207.933,"body":"confused about it, but..."},{"startTime":4208.133,"endTime":4208.8,"body":"It's nano particles."},{"startTime":4209.366,"endTime":4210.699,"body":"I mean, they're like amazing, like"},{"startTime":4210.699,"endTime":4212.666,"body":"snowflake little structures."},{"startTime":4213.033,"endTime":4214.366,"body":"It's amazing."},{"startTime":4215.0,"endTime":4215.666,"body":"What pollen is."},{"startTime":4216.133,"endTime":4216.333,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4216.6,"endTime":4216.766,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4216.766,"endTime":4216.966,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4217.333,"endTime":4220.633,"body":"Okay, so, but that's my way of apology"},{"startTime":4220.633,"endTime":4222.6,"body":"for that today, because"},{"startTime":4222.6,"endTime":4224.3,"body":"there's pollen on everything."},{"startTime":4225.433,"endTime":4226.333,"body":"Our final sponsor for"},{"startTime":4226.333,"endTime":4227.666,"body":"this episode is Puri."},{"startTime":4228.066,"endTime":4229.566,"body":"That's P-U-O-R-I."},{"startTime":4230.166,"endTime":4232.233,"body":"Puri makes a wide way of... away?"},{"startTime":4233.166,"endTime":4233.699,"body":"A wide way."},{"startTime":4234.033,"endTime":4234.566,"body":"A wide way."},{"startTime":4235.733,"endTime":4237.1,"body":"A wide way."},{"startTime":4237.6,"endTime":4239.666,"body":"Puri makes a wide array of supplements"},{"startTime":4239.666,"endTime":4241.633,"body":"and powders from vitamin C, magnesium,"},{"startTime":4241.633,"endTime":4242.866,"body":"and B-complex to creatine,"},{"startTime":4243.133,"endTime":4244.466,"body":"collagen, and protein powders."},{"startTime":4244.833,"endTime":4246.366,"body":"What makes Puri different is how clean"},{"startTime":4246.366,"endTime":4247.133,"body":"and pure all of their"},{"startTime":4247.133,"endTime":4248.633,"body":"products are, all of them."},{"startTime":4249.566,"endTime":4251.766,"body":"Puri was founded in 2009 by two men who"},{"startTime":4251.766,"endTime":4253.266,"body":"set out to create the cleanest and purest"},{"startTime":4253.266,"endTime":4254.466,"body":"products to support"},{"startTime":4254.466,"endTime":4255.733,"body":"their own active lifestyles."},{"startTime":4256.5,"endTime":4258.166,"body":"Since then, their product portfolio has"},{"startTime":4258.166,"endTime":4259.566,"body":"grown to address common nutritional"},{"startTime":4259.566,"endTime":4261.033,"body":"deficiencies in the developed world."},{"startTime":4261.766,"endTime":4263.566,"body":"Knowing that health requires a good diet,"},{"startTime":4263.566,"endTime":4265.399,"body":"physical activity, recovery, and balance,"},{"startTime":4265.866,"endTime":4267.466,"body":"the founders of Puri have rejected quick"},{"startTime":4267.466,"endTime":4269.566,"body":"fixes from the very beginning and insist"},{"startTime":4269.566,"endTime":4271.433,"body":"on the most stringent purity testing on"},{"startTime":4271.433,"endTime":4272.266,"body":"all of their products."},{"startTime":4273.033,"endTime":4273.899,"body":"We're using Puri's"},{"startTime":4273.899,"endTime":4275.199,"body":"vitamin D, which is excellent."},{"startTime":4275.466,"endTime":4276.166,"body":"My mom's using their"},{"startTime":4276.166,"endTime":4277.3,"body":"multivitamins and fish oil."},{"startTime":4277.899,"endTime":4278.966,"body":"Like all of Puri's products, these"},{"startTime":4278.966,"endTime":4280.266,"body":"products are third-party tested and"},{"startTime":4280.266,"endTime":4281.833,"body":"certified by the Clean Label Project"},{"startTime":4281.833,"endTime":4283.199,"body":"against over 200 contaminants."},{"startTime":4283.866,"endTime":4285.433,"body":"You can scan the key OR code on your"},{"startTime":4285.433,"endTime":4287.233,"body":"bottle anytime for the test results for"},{"startTime":4287.233,"endTime":4288.233,"body":"your particular batch."},{"startTime":4289.133,"endTime":4290.266,"body":"Our son Toby has been making"},{"startTime":4290.266,"endTime":4291.566,"body":"protein-enriched smoothies for a couple"},{"startTime":4291.566,"endTime":4293.033,"body":"of years now, but has had a hard time"},{"startTime":4293.033,"endTime":4294.433,"body":"finding a protein powder that he liked."},{"startTime":4295.0,"endTime":4296.466,"body":"Most of them are strongly flavored and"},{"startTime":4296.466,"endTime":4297.733,"body":"gritty, but he wanted one that would"},{"startTime":4297.733,"endTime":4299.0,"body":"disappear into his shake letting the"},{"startTime":4299.0,"endTime":4299.833,"body":"other flavors shine."},{"startTime":4300.566,"endTime":4302.399,"body":"Now, at 20, he's found his protein"},{"startTime":4302.399,"endTime":4303.566,"body":"powder, Puri's"},{"startTime":4303.566,"endTime":4304.933,"body":"grass-fed whey protein powder."},{"startTime":4305.333,"endTime":4307.066,"body":"He says, \"Out of all the protein powders"},{"startTime":4307.066,"endTime":4308.199,"body":"I've tried, this is the best."},{"startTime":4308.533,"endTime":4310.133,"body":"The flavor is mild, doesn't intrude on"},{"startTime":4310.133,"endTime":4311.466,"body":"the other flavors, it's smooth going"},{"startTime":4311.466,"endTime":4313.233,"body":"down, and is full of great whey protein.\""},{"startTime":4314.366,"endTime":4317.233,"body":"Most protein pla- plowders... this is"},{"startTime":4317.233,"endTime":4318.133,"body":"going to be that kind of day."},{"startTime":4318.533,"endTime":4318.733,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":4319.366,"endTime":4321.1,"body":"Most protein powders are not just gritty"},{"startTime":4321.1,"endTime":4322.766,"body":"and artificial, they're actually toxic."},{"startTime":4323.366,"endTime":4324.733,"body":"Several studies, including those done by"},{"startTime":4324.733,"endTime":4326.166,"body":"Consumer Reports, show that a significant"},{"startTime":4326.166,"endTime":4327.699,"body":"fraction of protein powders in the market"},{"startTime":4327.699,"endTime":4329.933,"body":"contain, for instance, lead and amounts"},{"startTime":4329.933,"endTime":4330.833,"body":"that are known to be dangerous."},{"startTime":4331.333,"endTime":4332.733,"body":"You shouldn't be eating lead, much less"},{"startTime":4332.733,"endTime":4333.866,"body":"than a supplement you're taking to"},{"startTime":4333.866,"endTime":4334.5,"body":"improve your health."},{"startTime":4335.033,"endTime":4337.133,"body":"Not only is Puri whey protein powder free"},{"startTime":4337.133,"endTime":4338.966,"body":"of lead, it also delivers a whopping 21"},{"startTime":4338.966,"endTime":4340.833,"body":"grams of whey protein in each serving and"},{"startTime":4340.833,"endTime":4341.6,"body":"is free of GMOs,"},{"startTime":4341.833,"endTime":4343.3,"body":"pesticides, and exogenous hormones."},{"startTime":4344.399,"endTime":4345.766,"body":"Toby, or son, loves the bourbon flavor"},{"startTime":4345.766,"endTime":4347.133,"body":"vanilla, but they've also got a dark"},{"startTime":4347.133,"endTime":4347.933,"body":"chocolate flavor made"},{"startTime":4347.933,"endTime":4348.966,"body":"from organic cocoa powder."},{"startTime":4349.366,"endTime":4351.233,"body":"And just a note as we covered last time,"},{"startTime":4351.633,"endTime":4352.899,"body":"bourbon vanilla does not mean that the"},{"startTime":4352.899,"endTime":4355.566,"body":"vanilla is- has bourbon in it, but that"},{"startTime":4355.566,"endTime":4356.633,"body":"it's from Madagascar."},{"startTime":4357.733,"endTime":4358.266,"body":"Obviously."},{"startTime":4359.066,"endTime":4360.733,"body":"Nothing stops you from adding your own"},{"startTime":4360.733,"endTime":4362.033,"body":"bourbon, if that's your thing."},{"startTime":4362.433,"endTime":4365.6,"body":"Yeah, and uh, okay, just a- I'll get to"},{"startTime":4365.6,"endTime":4366.833,"body":"the side note on vanilla"},{"startTime":4366.833,"endTime":4368.233,"body":"after we finish the ad-read."},{"startTime":4368.233,"endTime":4369.933,"body":"And by we, I mean me."},{"startTime":4371.133,"endTime":4372.733,"body":"Whether you're looking for magnesium or-"},{"startTime":4373.399,"endTime":4374.666,"body":"whether you're looking for magnesium or a"},{"startTime":4374.666,"endTime":4376.766,"body":"multivitamin collagen or protein powder,"},{"startTime":4376.766,"endTime":4377.866,"body":"you can't go wrong with Puri."},{"startTime":4378.733,"endTime":4381.333,"body":"Use code darkhorse at puri.com slash"},{"startTime":4381.333,"endTime":4384.1,"body":"darkhorse to get 32% off Puri grass-fed"},{"startTime":4384.1,"endTime":4385.033,"body":"whey protein when you"},{"startTime":4385.033,"endTime":4385.633,"body":"start a subscription."},{"startTime":4386.199,"endTime":4387.633,"body":"In addition, you get a free shaker with"},{"startTime":4387.633,"endTime":4389.6,"body":"$25 on your first subscription order,"},{"startTime":4389.6,"endTime":4391.333,"body":"which brings total savings to $49."},{"startTime":4392.166,"endTime":4396.699,"body":"Go to puri.com slash darkhorse and use"},{"startTime":4396.699,"endTime":4397.633,"body":"the code darkhorse at"},{"startTime":4397.633,"endTime":4399.166,"body":"checkout for this exclusive offer."},{"startTime":4400.933,"endTime":4404.833,"body":"So, uh, speaking of vanilla and speaking"},{"startTime":4404.833,"endTime":4408.233,"body":"of Madagascar, um, I will say that"},{"startTime":4408.233,"endTime":4411.033,"body":"having, uh, as we've talked about, uh, in"},{"startTime":4411.033,"endTime":4413.899,"body":"the past, having known, uh, one vanilla"},{"startTime":4413.899,"endTime":4415.833,"body":"farmer pretty well in Madagascar and"},{"startTime":4415.833,"endTime":4418.266,"body":"known others and knowing that- see, now"},{"startTime":4418.266,"endTime":4420.1,"body":"you opened the door in order to increase"},{"startTime":4420.1,"endTime":4421.666,"body":"the pollen load in the rear- that's not"},{"startTime":4421.666,"endTime":4423.766,"body":"why you- oh, not the door, the window."},{"startTime":4424.166,"endTime":4425.133,"body":"I can't get anything right today."},{"startTime":4425.6,"endTime":4426.566,"body":"Uh, but now we're going to hear the"},{"startTime":4426.566,"endTime":4428.133,"body":"little planes occasionally going by."},{"startTime":4429.033,"endTime":4429.233,"body":"Um,"},{"startTime":4430.233,"endTime":4431.766,"body":"it's a hallmark of authenticity."},{"startTime":4431.966,"endTime":4432.366,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4432.366,"endTime":4432.766,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":4432.766,"endTime":4433.366,"body":"That and the pollen."},{"startTime":4433.6,"endTime":4433.8,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":4434.066,"endTime":4434.399,"body":"Like it's going to"},{"startTime":4434.399,"endTime":4435.533,"body":"cover the desk any minute."},{"startTime":4436.133,"endTime":4439.0,"body":"Um, so anyway, I brought back a fair bit"},{"startTime":4439.0,"endTime":4441.733,"body":"of, uh, vanilla, having bought it from a"},{"startTime":4441.733,"endTime":4443.6,"body":"vanilla farmer, uh, and,"},{"startTime":4443.6,"endTime":4446.399,"body":"uh, and made vanilla extract."},{"startTime":4446.399,"endTime":4448.133,"body":"In fact, I still have a few of these"},{"startTime":4448.233,"endTime":4449.666,"body":"beans from, you know, the last"},{"startTime":4449.666,"endTime":4451.133,"body":"time I was there was in 1999."},{"startTime":4451.633,"endTime":4453.133,"body":"So they're getting pretty old and"},{"startTime":4453.133,"endTime":4454.666,"body":"withered by now, but we're still, we're"},{"startTime":4454.666,"endTime":4456.666,"body":"still using vanilla extract from extract"},{"startTime":4456.666,"endTime":4458.933,"body":"that I've made from vanilla beans, which"},{"startTime":4458.933,"endTime":4460.533,"body":"means that over the years, a couple"},{"startTime":4460.533,"endTime":4462.066,"body":"decades at this point, over a couple of"},{"startTime":4462.066,"endTime":4464.933,"body":"decades, I've experimented with various,"},{"startTime":4464.933,"endTime":4466.566,"body":"uh, alcohol bases in"},{"startTime":4466.566,"endTime":4468.333,"body":"which to make vanilla extract."},{"startTime":4468.366,"endTime":4471.8,"body":"And, uh, I favor rum because I favor rum."},{"startTime":4471.8,"endTime":4474.866,"body":"Uh, and, uh, but it occurs to me that one"},{"startTime":4474.866,"endTime":4476.733,"body":"could make bourbon vanilla extract using"},{"startTime":4476.733,"endTime":4478.833,"body":"bourbon, and then you'd have double dose"},{"startTime":4478.833,"endTime":4480.933,"body":"of, uh, bourbon-ness, even though the"},{"startTime":4480.933,"endTime":4481.833,"body":"first bourbon is doesn't"},{"startTime":4481.833,"endTime":4482.633,"body":"actually refer to bourbon."},{"startTime":4482.833,"endTime":4484.333,"body":"It'd be bourbon squared vanilla."},{"startTime":4484.466,"endTime":4484.733,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4485.433,"endTime":4485.633,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4485.933,"endTime":4486.133,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4486.466,"endTime":4487.233,"body":"Which, you know, I'm"},{"startTime":4487.233,"endTime":4488.033,"body":"sure it would be good."},{"startTime":4489.066,"endTime":4490.666,"body":"Um, you couldn't drink it."},{"startTime":4490.666,"endTime":4491.066,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":4491.066,"endTime":4492.333,"body":"I mean, not that you drink vanilla"},{"startTime":4492.333,"endTime":4493.466,"body":"extract, but you don't"},{"startTime":4493.466,"endTime":4494.433,"body":"eat anything with it."},{"startTime":4494.6,"endTime":4496.366,"body":"I weed allergy rules out"},{"startTime":4496.366,"endTime":4498.566,"body":"all of those, those alcohols."},{"startTime":4498.566,"endTime":4498.766,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4499.866,"endTime":4500.699,"body":"Um, yeah."},{"startTime":4501.433,"endTime":4502.566,"body":"Speaking of that, not at all."},{"startTime":4502.566,"endTime":4503.066,"body":"Not at all."},{"startTime":4503.333,"endTime":4503.633,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":4503.766,"endTime":4505.266,"body":"So we're going to"},{"startTime":4505.266,"endTime":4508.866,"body":"start with, um, a couple of"},{"startTime":4509.966,"endTime":4513.866,"body":"global scale stories that I realize are"},{"startTime":4513.866,"endTime":4517.166,"body":"fascinating to some fraction of our"},{"startTime":4517.166,"endTime":4521.5,"body":"audience and feel like not my bag don't"},{"startTime":4521.5,"endTime":4522.199,"body":"want to pay attention"},{"startTime":4522.199,"endTime":4523.533,"body":"to some other fraction."},{"startTime":4523.533,"endTime":4525.899,"body":"But my feeling is in the case of these"},{"startTime":4525.899,"endTime":4532.066,"body":"two stories, we all live downstream of"},{"startTime":4532.066,"endTime":4534.333,"body":"the way these things play out."},{"startTime":4534.666,"endTime":4537.666,"body":"We all own the downside and the downside"},{"startTime":4537.666,"endTime":4540.533,"body":"in both of these cases is so potentially"},{"startTime":4540.533,"endTime":4543.266,"body":"gigantic that I don't think anybody can"},{"startTime":4543.266,"endTime":4545.366,"body":"afford not to at least know the sort of"},{"startTime":4545.366,"endTime":4546.866,"body":"rough dimensions of"},{"startTime":4547.433,"endTime":4548.666,"body":"the stories in question."},{"startTime":4549.3,"endTime":4551.699,"body":"So I'm going to just try to make, uh, I'm"},{"startTime":4551.699,"endTime":4553.3,"body":"not, we're, we're not going to do a"},{"startTime":4553.3,"endTime":4555.266,"body":"technical deep dive on anything, but"},{"startTime":4555.266,"endTime":4556.933,"body":"we're going to just sort of broad brush."},{"startTime":4557.166,"endTime":4559.066,"body":"Here's what you need to know in order to"},{"startTime":4559.066,"endTime":4561.733,"body":"understand that some things are reshaping"},{"startTime":4561.733,"endTime":4563.899,"body":"your world and we'll have consequences"},{"startTime":4563.899,"endTime":4566.3,"body":"for you, whether you're paying attention"},{"startTime":4566.3,"endTime":4567.533,"body":"to these stories or not."},{"startTime":4568.433,"endTime":4573.833,"body":"Um, so the first one involves the, um,"},{"startTime":4574.833,"endTime":4578.566,"body":"emergence of a story from anthropic, the"},{"startTime":4578.566,"endTime":4583.366,"body":"makers of Claude, the story that has"},{"startTime":4583.366,"endTime":4584.899,"body":"emerged is that"},{"startTime":4584.899,"endTime":4587.766,"body":"anthropic has built a new model."},{"startTime":4587.766,"endTime":4588.566,"body":"These new models are"},{"startTime":4588.566,"endTime":4590.066,"body":"being generated all the time."},{"startTime":4590.066,"endTime":4591.699,"body":"And all of the various companies that"},{"startTime":4591.699,"endTime":4594.433,"body":"have these, uh, commercial products are"},{"startTime":4594.433,"endTime":4598.0,"body":"releasing new updated models with greatly"},{"startTime":4598.0,"endTime":4600.8,"body":"increased power, uh, every couple of"},{"startTime":4600.8,"endTime":4602.866,"body":"months, something along those lines."},{"startTime":4603.666,"endTime":4607.466,"body":"And the announcement is that anthropic is"},{"startTime":4607.466,"endTime":4610.033,"body":"holding back their next model."},{"startTime":4610.333,"endTime":4612.6,"body":"Their next model is called mythos."},{"startTime":4613.633,"endTime":4616.333,"body":"And they say that they are holding back"},{"startTime":4616.333,"endTime":4618.233,"body":"the model mythos because"},{"startTime":4618.233,"endTime":4621.066,"body":"effectively they're spooked."},{"startTime":4622.3,"endTime":4623.866,"body":"Now what they say they're spooked about"},{"startTime":4623.866,"endTime":4628.933,"body":"is that the model appears to be"},{"startTime":4628.933,"endTime":4632.933,"body":"incredibly capable of discovering what"},{"startTime":4632.933,"endTime":4636.466,"body":"are called zero day exploits in software."},{"startTime":4637.366,"endTime":4640.133,"body":"Zero day exploits are exploits that you"},{"startTime":4640.133,"endTime":4641.866,"body":"have no days to respond to."},{"startTime":4641.866,"endTime":4643.6,"body":"It's not that you discover the bug and"},{"startTime":4643.6,"endTime":4646.166,"body":"fix it over the course of a week before"},{"startTime":4646.166,"endTime":4647.733,"body":"anybody starts using it."},{"startTime":4648.133,"endTime":4651.333,"body":"You discover it as it, uh, is exploited."},{"startTime":4652.199,"endTime":4656.333,"body":"And the claim is that mythos"},{"startTime":4656.333,"endTime":4659.066,"body":"escaped a hardened sandbox."},{"startTime":4659.466,"endTime":4661.633,"body":"A sandbox is a place that you test"},{"startTime":4661.633,"endTime":4663.766,"body":"something where it is isolated from the"},{"startTime":4663.766,"endTime":4664.933,"body":"things it could damage."},{"startTime":4664.933,"endTime":4667.433,"body":"So you can imagine if you're using"},{"startTime":4667.433,"endTime":4671.266,"body":"something like an AI to program a"},{"startTime":4671.266,"endTime":4674.233,"body":"operating system, something that"},{"startTime":4674.233,"endTime":4675.8,"body":"interacts with the operating system, you"},{"startTime":4675.8,"endTime":4678.266,"body":"might not want to be running it as you're"},{"startTime":4678.266,"endTime":4679.633,"body":"testing it on machines"},{"startTime":4679.633,"endTime":4681.333,"body":"that your business depends on."},{"startTime":4681.333,"endTime":4683.533,"body":"So you would isolate it somewhere so that"},{"startTime":4683.533,"endTime":4686.833,"body":"if it, now this is going to end up being"},{"startTime":4686.833,"endTime":4688.633,"body":"an ancient example, but if it caused some"},{"startTime":4688.633,"endTime":4690.466,"body":"sort of a stack overflow, it didn't take"},{"startTime":4690.466,"endTime":4692.333,"body":"down your company servers."},{"startTime":4693.266,"endTime":4695.666,"body":"I'm sure I've just created a whole lot of"},{"startTime":4695.666,"endTime":4698.199,"body":"technical difficulty with, with experts,"},{"startTime":4698.199,"endTime":4700.399,"body":"but the point is you run it in a sandbox"},{"startTime":4700.399,"endTime":4702.399,"body":"so that errors are limited"},{"startTime":4702.399,"endTime":4703.833,"body":"in the damage they can do."},{"startTime":4705.266,"endTime":4707.833,"body":"The claim is two things."},{"startTime":4707.833,"endTime":4710.933,"body":"One, that this new model discovered"},{"startTime":4710.933,"endTime":4715.333,"body":"thousands of zero day exploits across a"},{"startTime":4715.333,"endTime":4718.133,"body":"wide number of operating systems and"},{"startTime":4718.133,"endTime":4719.433,"body":"protocols and programs."},{"startTime":4720.433,"endTime":4722.5,"body":"And that their concern is that if they"},{"startTime":4722.5,"endTime":4724.399,"body":"release this into the world, suddenly"},{"startTime":4724.399,"endTime":4727.033,"body":"people are going to employ it to discover"},{"startTime":4727.033,"endTime":4729.1,"body":"the flaws in all of these operating"},{"startTime":4729.1,"endTime":4730.733,"body":"systems and all sorts of"},{"startTime":4730.733,"endTime":4732.6,"body":"terrible things are possible."},{"startTime":4732.6,"endTime":4734.0,"body":"You've got kind of"},{"startTime":4735.033,"endTime":4738.466,"body":"loosely Y2K issues where stuff that we're"},{"startTime":4738.466,"endTime":4740.966,"body":"depending on fails because some kid is"},{"startTime":4740.966,"endTime":4742.633,"body":"playing around with getting into it."},{"startTime":4743.166,"endTime":4744.366,"body":"You could also imagine."},{"startTime":4744.899,"endTime":4745.766,"body":"How's that like Y2K?"},{"startTime":4746.533,"endTime":4748.233,"body":"Well, just the idea that computer systems"},{"startTime":4748.233,"endTime":4750.6,"body":"might start failing and things that we"},{"startTime":4750.6,"endTime":4752.633,"body":"don't think about as dependent."},{"startTime":4752.966,"endTime":4757.566,"body":"But Y2K was a question of ancient code in"},{"startTime":4757.566,"endTime":4761.033,"body":"which each bit was actually, each byte,"},{"startTime":4761.633,"endTime":4764.5,"body":"each digit was so important that things"},{"startTime":4764.5,"endTime":4766.699,"body":"got truncated such that the move from"},{"startTime":4766.699,"endTime":4770.266,"body":"1999 to 2000 potentially caused disaster."},{"startTime":4770.833,"endTime":4773.266,"body":"Whereas people going in and messing is a"},{"startTime":4773.266,"endTime":4774.466,"body":"different kind of issue."},{"startTime":4774.666,"endTime":4775.233,"body":"Oh, absolutely."},{"startTime":4775.466,"endTime":4776.233,"body":"One is, one is"},{"startTime":4776.233,"endTime":4777.333,"body":"malevolent and one is accidental."},{"startTime":4777.8,"endTime":4779.966,"body":"I don't know that it was every, I'm sure"},{"startTime":4779.966,"endTime":4781.733,"body":"there were cases in which the concern was"},{"startTime":4781.733,"endTime":4783.333,"body":"about the bits being precious."},{"startTime":4783.333,"endTime":4784.966,"body":"I think there was also just the issue"},{"startTime":4785.133,"endTime":4788.066,"body":"that people wrote code not realizing that"},{"startTime":4788.066,"endTime":4789.866,"body":"they needed to build it so that it could"},{"startTime":4789.866,"endTime":4792.066,"body":"cover the, the shift"},{"startTime":4792.066,"endTime":4794.133,"body":"between 1999 and 2000."},{"startTime":4794.6,"endTime":4796.233,"body":"But for whatever reason, the expectation"},{"startTime":4796.233,"endTime":4799.033,"body":"or the concern was lots of systems had"},{"startTime":4799.033,"endTime":4800.666,"body":"code buried in them that nobody was"},{"startTime":4800.666,"endTime":4801.866,"body":"paying attention to that"},{"startTime":4801.866,"endTime":4805.066,"body":"was going to falter on that."},{"startTime":4805.066,"endTime":4805.733,"body":"And it didn't happen."},{"startTime":4806.333,"endTime":4808.699,"body":"It didn't happen maybe because there was"},{"startTime":4808.699,"endTime":4809.433,"body":"a lot of effort put"},{"startTime":4809.433,"endTime":4810.6,"body":"into finding those things."},{"startTime":4810.6,"endTime":4812.866,"body":"And so nothing big was still depending on"},{"startTime":4812.866,"endTime":4814.1,"body":"these things, but it doesn't matter."},{"startTime":4814.1,"endTime":4817.433,"body":"The point is a sort of broad scale"},{"startTime":4817.433,"endTime":4820.866,"body":"failure of computer systems is possible,"},{"startTime":4821.233,"endTime":4824.833,"body":"especially in light of the potential"},{"startTime":4824.833,"endTime":4827.133,"body":"malevolent forces using these things to"},{"startTime":4827.133,"endTime":4829.666,"body":"discover vulnerabilities, to profit by it"},{"startTime":4829.666,"endTime":4832.066,"body":"through ransomware, who knows what."},{"startTime":4832.8,"endTime":4835.266,"body":"So it is a very scary possibility that"},{"startTime":4835.266,"endTime":4837.1,"body":"you could have a model that just simply"},{"startTime":4837.1,"endTime":4841.1,"body":"allowed people to go on a scavenger hunt"},{"startTime":4841.1,"endTime":4843.533,"body":"for vulnerabilities and figure out how to"},{"startTime":4843.533,"endTime":4844.633,"body":"exploit them for their own"},{"startTime":4844.633,"endTime":4846.5,"body":"amusement or profit or whatever."},{"startTime":4848.1,"endTime":4848.3,"body":"Now,"},{"startTime":4849.833,"endTime":4852.733,"body":"Anthropic says that it has, oh, it all,"},{"startTime":4852.733,"endTime":4854.133,"body":"they're also a piece of the story, which"},{"startTime":4854.133,"endTime":4856.133,"body":"I actually find kind of conspicuous is"},{"startTime":4856.133,"endTime":4858.933,"body":"that the model may have escaped the"},{"startTime":4858.933,"endTime":4861.166,"body":"sandbox and emailed its creator."},{"startTime":4861.699,"endTime":4864.533,"body":"I don't know how reliable any of this is."},{"startTime":4864.533,"endTime":4865.766,"body":"And let me point out why."},{"startTime":4867.5,"endTime":4868.266,"body":"You've got companies,"},{"startTime":4869.366,"endTime":4872.433,"body":"the basic dimension of the sector is"},{"startTime":4872.433,"endTime":4874.533,"body":"you've got all of these companies trying"},{"startTime":4874.533,"endTime":4878.633,"body":"to be Google winning the race for search."},{"startTime":4879.233,"endTime":4879.399,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":4879.399,"endTime":4881.266,"body":"Back in the day, you had AltaVista, you"},{"startTime":4881.266,"endTime":4884.266,"body":"had Google, you had Yahoo, you had all of"},{"startTime":4884.266,"endTime":4886.266,"body":"these different search engines and"},{"startTime":4888.233,"endTime":4889.8,"body":"nobody knew which one was going to win."},{"startTime":4889.8,"endTime":4890.699,"body":"One was up this week."},{"startTime":4890.699,"endTime":4891.933,"body":"Another one was up that week."},{"startTime":4892.433,"endTime":4893.766,"body":"Eventually, Google dominates the sector"},{"startTime":4893.766,"endTime":4894.866,"body":"and all the other"},{"startTime":4894.866,"endTime":4896.533,"body":"searches effectively disappeared."},{"startTime":4897.833,"endTime":4899.699,"body":"AI is likely to be the same way."},{"startTime":4900.166,"endTime":4901.166,"body":"You've got all of these companies"},{"startTime":4901.166,"endTime":4905.233,"body":"competing for the market and the bet is"},{"startTime":4905.233,"endTime":4906.199,"body":"that somebody is going"},{"startTime":4906.199,"endTime":4907.333,"body":"to walk away with it."},{"startTime":4907.766,"endTime":4910.166,"body":"And so everything sort of rests on"},{"startTime":4910.166,"endTime":4912.033,"body":"whether you're that company, right?"},{"startTime":4912.033,"endTime":4913.899,"body":"You can do a ton of great work and if you"},{"startTime":4913.899,"endTime":4917.3,"body":"don't win this race, then, you know, your"},{"startTime":4917.3,"endTime":4919.866,"body":"valuation drops spectacularly."},{"startTime":4920.066,"endTime":4920.899,"body":"Something, you know, it"},{"startTime":4920.899,"endTime":4922.233,"body":"zeros out or close to it."},{"startTime":4923.566,"endTime":4928.533,"body":"So in that circumstance, the idea of a"},{"startTime":4928.533,"endTime":4930.633,"body":"rumor in which the idea is, oh, we're so"},{"startTime":4930.633,"endTime":4932.366,"body":"far ahead, we're now a threat to the"},{"startTime":4932.366,"endTime":4936.066,"body":"world, puts consumers and analysts in a"},{"startTime":4936.066,"endTime":4939.333,"body":"frame of mind in which the question is,"},{"startTime":4939.733,"endTime":4940.933,"body":"well, look, if somebody is going to"},{"startTime":4940.933,"endTime":4942.899,"body":"release a model so powerful that it's"},{"startTime":4942.899,"endTime":4944.733,"body":"dangerous to the world, you certainly"},{"startTime":4944.733,"endTime":4946.333,"body":"don't want to be using a competing model."},{"startTime":4946.733,"endTime":4947.933,"body":"You may not be able to protect yourself"},{"startTime":4947.933,"endTime":4949.5,"body":"with the thing, but surely if you're"},{"startTime":4949.5,"endTime":4952.766,"body":"going to be paying for some AI system,"},{"startTime":4953.166,"endTime":4954.466,"body":"you want to pay for the best, right?"},{"startTime":4954.733,"endTime":4958.433,"body":"So in some ways, this is, you know, a lot"},{"startTime":4958.433,"endTime":4960.333,"body":"of free advertising that says anthropic"},{"startTime":4960.333,"endTime":4961.5,"body":"is ahead of everybody else."},{"startTime":4961.5,"endTime":4962.266,"body":"So it's possible that"},{"startTime":4962.266,"endTime":4964.1,"body":"this is actually not real."},{"startTime":4964.733,"endTime":4968.133,"body":"On the other hand, what is described is"},{"startTime":4968.133,"endTime":4971.033,"body":"plausible enough that you'd"},{"startTime":4971.033,"endTime":4973.0,"body":"be a fool not to be concerned."},{"startTime":4973.0,"endTime":4974.466,"body":"And so there's lots of advice circulating"},{"startTime":4974.466,"endTime":4976.166,"body":"in the world about,"},{"startTime":4976.166,"endTime":4978.6,"body":"well, update everything."},{"startTime":4979.066,"endTime":4980.833,"body":"You want to have the latest update of"},{"startTime":4980.833,"endTime":4983.133,"body":"your operating systems, of your apps and"},{"startTime":4983.133,"endTime":4984.533,"body":"all of, you know, your router software,"},{"startTime":4984.533,"endTime":4987.433,"body":"all of these things, so that they have as"},{"startTime":4987.433,"endTime":4991.5,"body":"few of these vulnerabilities as possible."},{"startTime":4993.533,"endTime":4995.899,"body":"You've got anthropic having released a"},{"startTime":4995.899,"endTime":4998.933,"body":"version of the model in limited"},{"startTime":4998.933,"endTime":5001.466,"body":"circulation called glass wing, which"},{"startTime":5001.466,"endTime":5003.066,"body":"you're supposed to use to find the"},{"startTime":5003.066,"endTime":5004.699,"body":"vulnerabilities in your own system and"},{"startTime":5004.699,"endTime":5006.8,"body":"patch them so that at the point mythos"},{"startTime":5006.8,"endTime":5007.899,"body":"emerges, those"},{"startTime":5007.899,"endTime":5009.8,"body":"vulnerabilities don't exist to be found."},{"startTime":5010.399,"endTime":5012.433,"body":"So, you know, you do have people like"},{"startTime":5012.433,"endTime":5014.733,"body":"Mark Andreessen saying, actually, you're"},{"startTime":5014.733,"endTime":5017.1,"body":"about to get a huge upgrade in security"},{"startTime":5017.1,"endTime":5018.766,"body":"because AI is going to find all the"},{"startTime":5018.766,"endTime":5020.6,"body":"vulnerabilities and these systems are"},{"startTime":5020.6,"endTime":5024.233,"body":"going to be hardened by the experience of"},{"startTime":5024.233,"endTime":5025.833,"body":"us trying to protect them."},{"startTime":5026.466,"endTime":5027.233,"body":"So that would, of"},{"startTime":5027.233,"endTime":5028.433,"body":"course, be a good thing."},{"startTime":5028.433,"endTime":5029.966,"body":"On the other hand, AI"},{"startTime":5029.966,"endTime":5031.166,"body":"is not slowing down."},{"startTime":5031.966,"endTime":5033.966,"body":"So the point is, is this just an arms"},{"startTime":5033.966,"endTime":5037.3,"body":"race between vulnerabilities and"},{"startTime":5037.3,"endTime":5038.966,"body":"hardening in which you don't really get a"},{"startTime":5038.966,"endTime":5040.733,"body":"benefit because the attacks"},{"startTime":5040.733,"endTime":5041.833,"body":"get ever more sophisticated."},{"startTime":5042.333,"endTime":5043.533,"body":"That seems almost inevitable."},{"startTime":5044.566,"endTime":5046.066,"body":"So in any case,"},{"startTime":5047.766,"endTime":5049.233,"body":"for people in the public who are not"},{"startTime":5049.233,"endTime":5052.466,"body":"enmeshed in this discussion, I think it"},{"startTime":5052.466,"endTime":5054.033,"body":"is worth paying attention to."},{"startTime":5054.433,"endTime":5058.066,"body":"A, there is a social phenomenon that we"},{"startTime":5058.066,"endTime":5059.933,"body":"all have to pay attention to, which is"},{"startTime":5059.933,"endTime":5062.166,"body":"that what appears to be the emergence of"},{"startTime":5062.166,"endTime":5064.433,"body":"information from the sector is, of"},{"startTime":5064.433,"endTime":5068.233,"body":"course, very sensitive to this battle for"},{"startTime":5068.233,"endTime":5070.433,"body":"the brass ring, right?"},{"startTime":5070.433,"endTime":5072.166,"body":"We should expect to be lied to on the"},{"startTime":5072.166,"endTime":5074.533,"body":"regular so that we get the impression"},{"startTime":5074.533,"endTime":5075.633,"body":"that this system is"},{"startTime":5075.633,"endTime":5077.333,"body":"better than that system, etc."},{"startTime":5078.733,"endTime":5079.066,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":5079.466,"endTime":5081.133,"body":"Now, I have one final point here."},{"startTime":5082.266,"endTime":5084.333,"body":"I've been in our argument privately with"},{"startTime":5084.333,"endTime":5085.733,"body":"people who are much more"},{"startTime":5085.733,"endTime":5087.766,"body":"sophisticated about AI than I am."},{"startTime":5088.066,"endTime":5092.366,"body":"And my point to them has been, I doubt we"},{"startTime":5092.366,"endTime":5095.3,"body":"are playing with the cutting edge that I"},{"startTime":5095.3,"endTime":5101.533,"body":"would imagine that the powers that be"},{"startTime":5101.533,"endTime":5105.733,"body":"would understand very well that they"},{"startTime":5105.733,"endTime":5107.733,"body":"needed to have the cutting edge."},{"startTime":5107.733,"endTime":5111.466,"body":"And we needed to be generations behind in"},{"startTime":5111.466,"endTime":5114.766,"body":"order that they retain their control."},{"startTime":5115.199,"endTime":5117.199,"body":"Mm-hmm."},{"startTime":5117.466,"endTime":5120.933,"body":"My friends who challenged me on this say"},{"startTime":5120.933,"endTime":5123.733,"body":"that that can't really be right and that"},{"startTime":5123.733,"endTime":5125.933,"body":"the battle between different models"},{"startTime":5125.933,"endTime":5129.5,"body":"effectively couldn't be simulated."},{"startTime":5130.199,"endTime":5131.933,"body":"And therefore, it does appear that we are"},{"startTime":5131.933,"endTime":5133.033,"body":"somewhere near the cutting edge."},{"startTime":5133.033,"endTime":5134.966,"body":"Now, I don't know how this plays out, but"},{"startTime":5134.966,"endTime":5137.966,"body":"I will say there was a leak from"},{"startTime":5137.966,"endTime":5140.6,"body":"Anthropik last week."},{"startTime":5141.266,"endTime":5144.266,"body":"The leak involved, I think, a"},{"startTime":5144.266,"endTime":5146.5,"body":"well-intentioned programmer having left"},{"startTime":5146.733,"endTime":5149.633,"body":"some sort of an auxiliary file in a"},{"startTime":5149.633,"endTime":5152.966,"body":"system that then exposed Claude's code to"},{"startTime":5152.966,"endTime":5154.733,"body":"the world so that people could see it."},{"startTime":5155.766,"endTime":5159.366,"body":"And what they saw involved at least one"},{"startTime":5159.366,"endTime":5163.6,"body":"instance where the company had a toggle"},{"startTime":5163.933,"endTime":5167.6,"body":"that allowed them to see a purified, more"},{"startTime":5167.6,"endTime":5170.6,"body":"capable version of Claude"},{"startTime":5170.6,"endTime":5172.5,"body":"than we in the public are seeing."},{"startTime":5172.5,"endTime":5173.0,"body":"They had like a"},{"startTime":5173.0,"endTime":5174.666,"body":"protection that immunized them."},{"startTime":5174.666,"endTime":5177.233,"body":"I think it was from hallucinations,"},{"startTime":5177.833,"endTime":5178.833,"body":"something of that nature."},{"startTime":5178.833,"endTime":5181.366,"body":"But the point is we saw a glimpse of a"},{"startTime":5181.366,"endTime":5183.6,"body":"toggle that enabled people inside the"},{"startTime":5183.6,"endTime":5186.133,"body":"company to have access to something in"},{"startTime":5186.133,"endTime":5187.6,"body":"the same model that we in the"},{"startTime":5187.6,"endTime":5189.333,"body":"public do not have access to."},{"startTime":5189.533,"endTime":5191.466,"body":"And so that does not exactly say that I'm"},{"startTime":5191.466,"endTime":5194.133,"body":"right in this argument about whether"},{"startTime":5194.133,"endTime":5195.133,"body":"we're playing with the cutting edge"},{"startTime":5195.133,"endTime":5197.633,"body":"stuff, but it is at least directionally"},{"startTime":5197.633,"endTime":5200.566,"body":"correct that there is something about the"},{"startTime":5200.566,"endTime":5202.266,"body":"advantage of those on the inside versus"},{"startTime":5202.266,"endTime":5203.3,"body":"those on the outside."},{"startTime":5203.833,"endTime":5205.5,"body":"And it is worth paying attention to how"},{"startTime":5205.5,"endTime":5206.6,"body":"many such things exist."},{"startTime":5206.933,"endTime":5208.133,"body":"Why wouldn't they exist?"},{"startTime":5208.966,"endTime":5212.433,"body":"Is it conceivable, for example, that some"},{"startTime":5212.433,"endTime":5215.733,"body":"of the dumb errors that AI makes are"},{"startTime":5215.733,"endTime":5223.433,"body":"either part of a self-hobbling or part of"},{"startTime":5223.433,"endTime":5227.5,"body":"a plan to give us all the sense that we"},{"startTime":5227.5,"endTime":5229.966,"body":"know what it can do when we don't really"},{"startTime":5229.966,"endTime":5230.866,"body":"know what it can do."},{"startTime":5231.166,"endTime":5233.699,"body":"And that we're more capable than it and"},{"startTime":5233.699,"endTime":5237.033,"body":"that it is not as much of a threat and"},{"startTime":5237.033,"endTime":5239.366,"body":"not as capable as it actually is."},{"startTime":5239.366,"endTime":5240.833,"body":"Or that we would overrate"},{"startTime":5240.833,"endTime":5242.366,"body":"our ability to spot a fake."},{"startTime":5243.1,"endTime":5244.133,"body":"So for example,"},{"startTime":5245.133,"endTime":5247.766,"body":"there was a lot of scuttlebutt for I"},{"startTime":5247.766,"endTime":5250.233,"body":"think a couple of weeks where Benjamin"},{"startTime":5250.233,"endTime":5254.266,"body":"Netanyahu kept showing up in videos."},{"startTime":5254.699,"endTime":5255.766,"body":"But then if you asked an"},{"startTime":5255.766,"endTime":5257.933,"body":"AI, \"Is this video real?\""},{"startTime":5257.933,"endTime":5260.033,"body":"the AI would spot anomalies that would"},{"startTime":5260.033,"endTime":5261.133,"body":"suggest it was a fake."},{"startTime":5261.133,"endTime":5261.966,"body":"And so lots of people were"},{"startTime":5261.966,"endTime":5263.466,"body":"talking about, \"Is he dead?\""},{"startTime":5263.766,"endTime":5265.5,"body":"Now, I didn't touch that."},{"startTime":5265.733,"endTime":5267.366,"body":"I didn't think for a moment he was dead."},{"startTime":5268.8,"endTime":5272.6,"body":"But the idea of, well, did you notice"},{"startTime":5272.6,"endTime":5273.966,"body":"that he has six fingers in that video?"},{"startTime":5274.366,"endTime":5275.633,"body":"Did you notice that his ring disappeared?"},{"startTime":5276.133,"endTime":5277.1,"body":"Did you notice that the"},{"startTime":5277.1,"endTime":5279.766,"body":"shadows on the curtain changed?"},{"startTime":5280.5,"endTime":5282.533,"body":"The point is, okay, all of those things"},{"startTime":5282.533,"endTime":5284.433,"body":"are plausible anomalies"},{"startTime":5284.433,"endTime":5286.266,"body":"from an AI-generated video."},{"startTime":5286.566,"endTime":5288.933,"body":"On the other hand, the capability for an"},{"startTime":5288.933,"endTime":5292.533,"body":"AI to spot them as imperfect also"},{"startTime":5292.533,"endTime":5294.433,"body":"suggests that if you're willing to point"},{"startTime":5294.433,"endTime":5296.433,"body":"enough compute at it, they're solvable"},{"startTime":5296.566,"endTime":5298.533,"body":"because the point is an AI can correct"},{"startTime":5298.533,"endTime":5299.633,"body":"the errors of an AI."},{"startTime":5300.033,"endTime":5301.399,"body":"How much of that do you have to do before"},{"startTime":5301.399,"endTime":5303.066,"body":"you have something an AI can't spot?"},{"startTime":5303.633,"endTime":5305.533,"body":"Yeah, static rules are never going to be"},{"startTime":5305.533,"endTime":5307.666,"body":"a thing to lay down your life over,"},{"startTime":5307.666,"endTime":5309.166,"body":"especially not when we're talking about a"},{"startTime":5309.166,"endTime":5310.399,"body":"rapidly evolving system."},{"startTime":5311.399,"endTime":5312.833,"body":"And especially when we're talking about"},{"startTime":5312.833,"endTime":5314.933,"body":"several competing rapidly evolving"},{"startTime":5314.933,"endTime":5317.266,"body":"systems, an ecosystem of AI in which"},{"startTime":5317.266,"endTime":5319.199,"body":"you've got multiple effective organisms,"},{"startTime":5319.433,"endTime":5320.133,"body":"superorganisms"},{"startTime":5320.133,"endTime":5322.0,"body":"evolving against one another."},{"startTime":5322.566,"endTime":5322.766,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5323.333,"endTime":5325.5,"body":"And so that then actually sort of points"},{"startTime":5325.5,"endTime":5327.866,"body":"to the kind of toolkit that we are"},{"startTime":5327.866,"endTime":5330.033,"body":"increasingly going to have to be using."},{"startTime":5330.266,"endTime":5332.733,"body":"And I will say of late, I've been"},{"startTime":5332.733,"endTime":5336.533,"body":"watching game theory break out of the"},{"startTime":5336.533,"endTime":5339.899,"body":"sort of academic realm and into the"},{"startTime":5339.899,"endTime":5340.866,"body":"public conversation."},{"startTime":5341.366,"endTime":5342.3,"body":"You know, you and I have been talking"},{"startTime":5342.3,"endTime":5344.233,"body":"about game theory regularly and people"},{"startTime":5344.233,"endTime":5345.333,"body":"are always like, well,"},{"startTime":5345.333,"endTime":5346.366,"body":"what book can I read?"},{"startTime":5346.633,"endTime":5347.833,"body":"You know, is there a textbook?"},{"startTime":5348.466,"endTime":5349.3,"body":"And of course, there are"},{"startTime":5349.3,"endTime":5351.466,"body":"eyes, but like, I wish that there was a"},{"startTime":5351.466,"endTime":5353.066,"body":"good, clean answer to that question."},{"startTime":5353.366,"endTime":5353.666,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5353.666,"endTime":5356.166,"body":"On the other hand, the idea, I mean, I"},{"startTime":5356.166,"endTime":5360.5,"body":"would argue game theory is not, there's a"},{"startTime":5360.5,"endTime":5362.066,"body":"lot you can say, and there's a lot of"},{"startTime":5362.066,"endTime":5364.266,"body":"stuff you can look at with game theory."},{"startTime":5364.266,"endTime":5366.833,"body":"But in one sense, it's actually a very"},{"startTime":5366.833,"endTime":5369.533,"body":"simple lens through"},{"startTime":5369.533,"endTime":5370.466,"body":"which to look at things."},{"startTime":5370.733,"endTime":5371.0,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5371.566,"endTime":5372.233,"body":"So, you know,"},{"startTime":5373.566,"endTime":5376.533,"body":"to understand what it is for"},{"startTime":5376.533,"endTime":5378.033,"body":"things to be in competition"},{"startTime":5379.033,"endTime":5382.1,"body":"and what that produces in terms of"},{"startTime":5382.1,"endTime":5383.433,"body":"solutions and"},{"startTime":5383.433,"endTime":5386.633,"body":"countermeasures is it's a way of thinking."},{"startTime":5388.899,"endTime":5390.0,"body":"And so in any case, I'm"},{"startTime":5390.0,"endTime":5391.233,"body":"glad to see it showing up."},{"startTime":5391.233,"endTime":5395.033,"body":"And the fact that we are watching game"},{"startTime":5395.033,"endTime":5399.166,"body":"theory play out in the sector, the AI"},{"startTime":5399.166,"endTime":5400.933,"body":"sector, and that we're going to watch"},{"startTime":5400.933,"endTime":5403.433,"body":"game theory play out in the interface"},{"startTime":5403.433,"endTime":5406.633,"body":"between these models and the"},{"startTime":5406.633,"endTime":5408.1,"body":"technological world"},{"startTime":5408.1,"endTime":5409.566,"body":"they are interfacing with."},{"startTime":5409.566,"endTime":5412.233,"body":"So you have a truly complex system, which"},{"startTime":5412.233,"endTime":5414.066,"body":"is one of these AI models."},{"startTime":5414.066,"endTime":5415.899,"body":"It's complex because it has emergent"},{"startTime":5415.899,"endTime":5417.833,"body":"behavior that wasn't programmed into it."},{"startTime":5418.466,"endTime":5418.633,"body":"And it's interfacing with all of this"},{"startTime":5419.033,"endTime":5421.766,"body":"highly complicated stuff."},{"startTime":5421.766,"endTime":5422.633,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5422.833,"endTime":5423.466,"body":"That's an interesting"},{"startTime":5423.466,"endTime":5424.766,"body":"dynamic right there."},{"startTime":5424.766,"endTime":5427.666,"body":"The highly complicated stuff being the"},{"startTime":5427.666,"endTime":5429.933,"body":"software with which it's built, or you're"},{"startTime":5429.933,"endTime":5431.433,"body":"talking about the kinds of queries which"},{"startTime":5431.433,"endTime":5432.933,"body":"it receives about like"},{"startTime":5432.933,"endTime":5434.833,"body":"human manufactured facts."},{"startTime":5435.033,"endTime":5436.966,"body":"No, I mean like your"},{"startTime":5436.966,"endTime":5438.666,"body":"computer and your phone and"},{"startTime":5438.666,"endTime":5439.5,"body":"the hardware."},{"startTime":5440.433,"endTime":5440.633,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5440.633,"endTime":5442.366,"body":"The truly complicated stuff that makes"},{"startTime":5442.366,"endTime":5444.833,"body":"the world run is now running into a"},{"startTime":5444.833,"endTime":5446.333,"body":"technical animal, a"},{"startTime":5446.333,"endTime":5447.5,"body":"non-biological creature."},{"startTime":5447.833,"endTime":5450.933,"body":"That has emergent behavior."},{"startTime":5451.3,"endTime":5453.033,"body":"And the point is if you're not paying"},{"startTime":5453.033,"endTime":5454.933,"body":"attention to the fact that that interface"},{"startTime":5454.933,"endTime":5457.333,"body":"is interesting, you're not paying"},{"startTime":5457.333,"endTime":5458.366,"body":"attention to the right thing."},{"startTime":5458.733,"endTime":5460.166,"body":"You're looking at something that is more"},{"startTime":5460.166,"endTime":5461.666,"body":"like an animal than it is"},{"startTime":5461.666,"endTime":5463.699,"body":"like a machine in some ways."},{"startTime":5464.166,"endTime":5465.966,"body":"And it is now interfacing with the world"},{"startTime":5465.966,"endTime":5467.733,"body":"of machines and animals."},{"startTime":5468.066,"endTime":5468.366,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":5468.933,"endTime":5469.699,"body":"Holy cow."},{"startTime":5470.133,"endTime":5471.066,"body":"None of us trained for that."},{"startTime":5471.433,"endTime":5471.633,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5472.133,"endTime":5473.133,"body":"None of us trained for that."},{"startTime":5473.133,"endTime":5476.433,"body":"And I feel like you've sort of snuck your"},{"startTime":5476.433,"endTime":5479.966,"body":"way into you know, back to one of these"},{"startTime":5479.966,"endTime":5481.5,"body":"concerns that we raise over and over"},{"startTime":5481.5,"endTime":5483.866,"body":"again with regard to a mechanistic"},{"startTime":5483.866,"endTime":5484.633,"body":"understanding of the world."},{"startTime":5484.633,"endTime":5486.066,"body":"You know, a complicated understanding of"},{"startTime":5486.066,"endTime":5489.833,"body":"the world as opposed to an, this is not"},{"startTime":5489.833,"endTime":5490.8,"body":"the right word, but an animate"},{"startTime":5490.8,"endTime":5492.1,"body":"understanding of the world, an"},{"startTime":5492.1,"endTime":5493.266,"body":"evolutionary understanding."},{"startTime":5493.766,"endTime":5495.266,"body":"That's also not quite right."},{"startTime":5495.5,"endTime":5497.566,"body":"But in which organic systems, which by"},{"startTime":5497.566,"endTime":5499.766,"body":"nature, by their very nature are complex,"},{"startTime":5501.633,"endTime":5504.3,"body":"are engaging with things that are merely"},{"startTime":5504.333,"endTime":5505.733,"body":"engaging with things"},{"startTime":5505.733,"endTime":5506.866,"body":"that are merely complicated."},{"startTime":5507.399,"endTime":5509.199,"body":"And you know, that has been going on for"},{"startTime":5509.199,"endTime":5510.866,"body":"time and memorial since the origin of"},{"startTime":5510.866,"endTime":5513.166,"body":"life that you know, you know, the"},{"startTime":5513.166,"endTime":5515.733,"body":"complicated stuff existed first, and the"},{"startTime":5515.733,"endTime":5518.466,"body":"complexity came later, but therefore"},{"startTime":5518.466,"endTime":5520.166,"body":"everything that is complex is always"},{"startTime":5520.166,"endTime":5520.933,"body":"interacted with that"},{"startTime":5520.933,"endTime":5521.733,"body":"which is complicated."},{"startTime":5522.366,"endTime":5526.566,"body":"But we don't often enough consider in"},{"startTime":5526.566,"endTime":5528.666,"body":"life which kinds of systems we are"},{"startTime":5528.666,"endTime":5529.966,"body":"actually engaging with."},{"startTime":5530.3,"endTime":5532.033,"body":"And you know, there are a number of,"},{"startTime":5532.033,"endTime":5534.566,"body":"we've talked, we've talked a lot about"},{"startTime":5534.566,"endTime":5537.966,"body":"sort of what are the 10, 20, 100 really"},{"startTime":5537.966,"endTime":5539.633,"body":"fundamental things that everyone should"},{"startTime":5539.633,"endTime":5541.0,"body":"be able to wrestle with"},{"startTime":5541.0,"endTime":5541.866,"body":"and be thinking about."},{"startTime":5542.133,"endTime":5543.833,"body":"And these things include, you know, the"},{"startTime":5543.833,"endTime":5545.166,"body":"differences between individuals and"},{"startTime":5545.166,"endTime":5548.6,"body":"populations, saying that, you know, men"},{"startTime":5548.6,"endTime":5550.166,"body":"are taller than women on average doesn't"},{"startTime":5550.166,"endTime":5551.733,"body":"mean that your really tall cousin,"},{"startTime":5551.733,"endTime":5553.366,"body":"Rhonda, is a man, right?"},{"startTime":5554.033,"endTime":5555.933,"body":"And so populations versus"},{"startTime":5556.266,"endTime":5558.433,"body":"individuals, time versus space,"},{"startTime":5559.699,"endTime":5563.399,"body":"the, you know, the timeline nature of"},{"startTime":5563.399,"endTime":5565.866,"body":"complex systems as opposed to the static"},{"startTime":5565.866,"endTime":5568.0,"body":"snapshot that, you know,"},{"startTime":5569.066,"endTime":5571.233,"body":"over in biology space, sciences that"},{"startTime":5571.233,"endTime":5573.5,"body":"should be about complex systems all too"},{"startTime":5573.5,"endTime":5575.733,"body":"often try to smash their understanding"},{"startTime":5575.733,"endTime":5577.366,"body":"into complicated frameworks."},{"startTime":5578.033,"endTime":5579.166,"body":"Ecology often does this, right?"},{"startTime":5579.466,"endTime":5581.166,"body":"Ecology has a snapshot of what is in"},{"startTime":5581.166,"endTime":5584.766,"body":"fact, you know, an historic timeline of"},{"startTime":5584.766,"endTime":5586.699,"body":"events built on contingencies."},{"startTime":5587.433,"endTime":5589.066,"body":"And ecology often is like, well, this is"},{"startTime":5589.066,"endTime":5590.333,"body":"the thing we found, therefore, this is"},{"startTime":5590.333,"endTime":5591.233,"body":"the thing we're going to protect."},{"startTime":5591.8,"endTime":5593.533,"body":"Well, maybe that was just an intermediate"},{"startTime":5593.533,"endTime":5595.366,"body":"thing that was never going to be stable."},{"startTime":5595.966,"endTime":5596.166,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5596.633,"endTime":5600.066,"body":"So as you know, as the human stuff is no"},{"startTime":5600.066,"endTime":5602.533,"body":"less evolutionary, of course, and the AI"},{"startTime":5602.533,"endTime":5604.666,"body":"no less evolutionary, it's just stacked"},{"startTime":5604.666,"endTime":5607.266,"body":"on top of one another, more and more"},{"startTime":5607.266,"endTime":5610.933,"body":"difficult to untangle the complicated"},{"startTime":5610.933,"endTime":5613.533,"body":"from the complex and to know exactly what"},{"startTime":5613.533,"endTime":5614.399,"body":"you're dealing with."},{"startTime":5614.766,"endTime":5616.366,"body":"Therefore, more important always,"},{"startTime":5617.566,"endTime":5619.733,"body":"ever more so to not try"},{"startTime":5619.733,"endTime":5620.966,"body":"to employ static rules."},{"startTime":5621.433,"endTime":5623.766,"body":"And, you know, static rules like if it's"},{"startTime":5623.766,"endTime":5625.866,"body":"got six fingers, it's an AI, you know, if"},{"startTime":5625.866,"endTime":5628.233,"body":"the human has six fingers, an AI"},{"startTime":5628.233,"endTime":5630.966,"body":"generated it, well, you're, you might"},{"startTime":5630.966,"endTime":5633.466,"body":"start having photographs that are, you"},{"startTime":5633.466,"endTime":5635.466,"body":"know, afterwards manipulated by humans"},{"startTime":5635.466,"endTime":5636.666,"body":"that are actual photographs."},{"startTime":5636.666,"endTime":5637.333,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5637.333,"endTime":5638.733,"body":"I've heard people joke that they're going"},{"startTime":5638.733,"endTime":5641.333,"body":"to start wearing a glove with"},{"startTime":5641.333,"endTime":5642.833,"body":"an extra finger as an alibi."},{"startTime":5643.333,"endTime":5643.533,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5644.166,"endTime":5646.033,"body":"All sorts of things are possible."},{"startTime":5646.699,"endTime":5648.166,"body":"I would just add to that."},{"startTime":5649.366,"endTime":5652.266,"body":"The key thing that should change about"},{"startTime":5652.266,"endTime":5654.166,"body":"you once you know that you're dealing"},{"startTime":5654.166,"endTime":5655.833,"body":"with a truly complex system"},{"startTime":5655.833,"endTime":5658.6,"body":"is your level of humility."},{"startTime":5659.266,"endTime":5660.133,"body":"It should skyrocket."},{"startTime":5661.366,"endTime":5661.566,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5661.899,"endTime":5666.199,"body":"And so at some level, you should walk in"},{"startTime":5666.199,"endTime":5668.866,"body":"to the interaction with any truly complex"},{"startTime":5668.866,"endTime":5670.966,"body":"system with the idea that you know very"},{"startTime":5670.966,"endTime":5672.366,"body":"little about it, no matter how much you"},{"startTime":5672.366,"endTime":5673.666,"body":"know, you know very little about it."},{"startTime":5673.933,"endTime":5675.533,"body":"And so I would say, you know, there's an"},{"startTime":5675.533,"endTime":5677.766,"body":"analogy in the way we"},{"startTime":5678.399,"endTime":5680.366,"body":"interact with our pets."},{"startTime":5681.266,"endTime":5681.666,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5681.666,"endTime":5687.166,"body":"We have a couple of cats and our cats go"},{"startTime":5687.166,"endTime":5688.066,"body":"through weird phases."},{"startTime":5688.633,"endTime":5690.966,"body":"We had one, you know, a few nights ago"},{"startTime":5690.966,"endTime":5694.433,"body":"where one of our cats was not his usual"},{"startTime":5694.433,"endTime":5696.933,"body":"settled self during the night."},{"startTime":5696.933,"endTime":5699.466,"body":"He was a pest and he was demanding things"},{"startTime":5699.466,"endTime":5701.366,"body":"that he would usually wait till morning"},{"startTime":5701.366,"endTime":5703.233,"body":"to demand like, Hey, can I go out?"},{"startTime":5704.233,"endTime":5706.933,"body":"And you know, the answer is not, I know"},{"startTime":5706.933,"endTime":5707.899,"body":"why he's doing that."},{"startTime":5708.366,"endTime":5709.266,"body":"The answer is what"},{"startTime":5709.266,"endTime":5711.0,"body":"could possibly be going on."},{"startTime":5711.0,"endTime":5714.366,"body":"And then, you know, later, right, he, he"},{"startTime":5714.366,"endTime":5714.933,"body":"went through this"},{"startTime":5714.933,"endTime":5716.733,"body":"thing, he pissed us both off."},{"startTime":5716.733,"endTime":5719.466,"body":"And then he went into a"},{"startTime":5719.466,"endTime":5721.833,"body":"very sort of like cuddly mode."},{"startTime":5721.833,"endTime":5722.966,"body":"Now, I don't know what's"},{"startTime":5722.966,"endTime":5723.833,"body":"going on in that animal."},{"startTime":5724.066,"endTime":5727.333,"body":"It's possible that the idea is he knew he"},{"startTime":5727.333,"endTime":5729.333,"body":"was being a pest for some reason, but he"},{"startTime":5729.333,"endTime":5731.233,"body":"wants to always monitor that he's not"},{"startTime":5731.233,"endTime":5732.733,"body":"going to finally push it too far."},{"startTime":5732.733,"endTime":5734.333,"body":"And we're going to, you know, abandon him"},{"startTime":5734.333,"endTime":5736.166,"body":"because cats have a natural fear of"},{"startTime":5736.166,"endTime":5738.066,"body":"abandonment since their parents abandon"},{"startTime":5738.066,"endTime":5739.833,"body":"them as a matter of course."},{"startTime":5740.766,"endTime":5743.533,"body":"So anyway, that's not an answer to what"},{"startTime":5743.533,"endTime":5745.366,"body":"happened, but it's a set of hypotheses"},{"startTime":5745.366,"endTime":5747.833,"body":"with the understanding that at the end of"},{"startTime":5747.833,"endTime":5751.399,"body":"the day, you and I know a lot more about"},{"startTime":5751.399,"endTime":5753.6,"body":"what goes on inside of the mind of a cat"},{"startTime":5753.6,"endTime":5755.833,"body":"than we would if we were not both"},{"startTime":5755.833,"endTime":5760.533,"body":"fascinated by animals and long time cat"},{"startTime":5760.533,"endTime":5762.166,"body":"owners who think a lot about it."},{"startTime":5762.633,"endTime":5764.233,"body":"But at the same time, how much do we"},{"startTime":5764.233,"endTime":5765.033,"body":"actually know about"},{"startTime":5765.033,"endTime":5765.933,"body":"what it's like in there?"},{"startTime":5766.233,"endTime":5768.066,"body":"The answer is that's limited."},{"startTime":5768.5,"endTime":5769.933,"body":"There are some places where we can say,"},{"startTime":5769.933,"endTime":5772.366,"body":"you know, when, when we watch our cat sit"},{"startTime":5772.366,"endTime":5776.533,"body":"inside the cat door, looking out, right?"},{"startTime":5776.533,"endTime":5777.733,"body":"He's using it as a bird fly."},{"startTime":5777.766,"endTime":5779.033,"body":"So he's on the inside of the house and"},{"startTime":5779.033,"endTime":5780.433,"body":"his nose is sticking out."},{"startTime":5780.433,"endTime":5781.833,"body":"He's, he's created a bird blind for"},{"startTime":5781.833,"endTime":5783.066,"body":"himself, which we discourage."},{"startTime":5783.5,"endTime":5783.733,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5783.733,"endTime":5784.466,"body":"Which we discourage, but"},{"startTime":5784.466,"endTime":5785.633,"body":"he's innovated this thing."},{"startTime":5785.833,"endTime":5787.533,"body":"And the point is my confidence that"},{"startTime":5787.533,"endTime":5788.433,"body":"that's what's going on"},{"startTime":5788.433,"endTime":5791.266,"body":"there is 99% or better."},{"startTime":5791.566,"endTime":5795.633,"body":"But in terms of what's, what it's"},{"startTime":5795.633,"endTime":5798.899,"body":"emotionally like to be a cat, that's a"},{"startTime":5798.899,"endTime":5801.133,"body":"much harder nut to crack."},{"startTime":5802.166,"endTime":5805.033,"body":"But ultimately a cat is a"},{"startTime":5805.033,"endTime":5807.333,"body":"cat, whereas AI is not AI."},{"startTime":5807.633,"endTime":5809.133,"body":"Well, we don't know what it is."},{"startTime":5809.699,"endTime":5809.833,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":5809.833,"endTime":5811.199,"body":"But even if we knew what it was right"},{"startTime":5811.199,"endTime":5813.366,"body":"now, the rate of evolution"},{"startTime":5813.366,"endTime":5815.266,"body":"there is, is accelerating."},{"startTime":5815.533,"endTime":5815.8,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":5816.399,"endTime":5817.566,"body":"And, you know, cats are"},{"startTime":5817.566,"endTime":5818.766,"body":"evolving too, as are people."},{"startTime":5819.066,"endTime":5822.333,"body":"But, you know, as, as, as is perhaps the"},{"startTime":5822.333,"endTime":5824.666,"body":"primary thesis of our book, Undergather's"},{"startTime":5824.666,"endTime":5827.133,"body":"Guide to the 21st Century, the rate of"},{"startTime":5827.133,"endTime":5829.233,"body":"novelty that we are enacting on ourselves"},{"startTime":5829.233,"endTime":5832.866,"body":"and on our planet is itself so high that"},{"startTime":5832.866,"endTime":5835.133,"body":"even we, as the species with the greatest"},{"startTime":5835.133,"endTime":5836.333,"body":"capacity to endure"},{"startTime":5836.333,"endTime":5838.0,"body":"change, cannot keep up with it."},{"startTime":5838.566,"endTime":5841.366,"body":"And that is the case even more so for"},{"startTime":5841.366,"endTime":5842.666,"body":"some of our products of"},{"startTime":5842.666,"endTime":5844.033,"body":"which AI is a prime example."},{"startTime":5845.066,"endTime":5845.366,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":5845.833,"endTime":5847.633,"body":"I should probably have"},{"startTime":5847.633,"endTime":5849.133,"body":"prepared for this discussion."},{"startTime":5851.199,"endTime":5853.366,"body":"But you know where I'm going, don't you?"},{"startTime":5853.633,"endTime":5857.1,"body":"I do, but, um, okay."},{"startTime":5857.666,"endTime":5858.933,"body":"What do you want me to say?"},{"startTime":5859.166,"endTime":5860.566,"body":"People are listening here"},{"startTime":5860.566,"endTime":5861.966,"body":"is what I'm going to show you."},{"startTime":5861.966,"endTime":5862.699,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":5862.933,"endTime":5865.266,"body":"So this graph describes three"},{"startTime":5865.3,"endTime":5866.666,"body":"evolutionary phases."},{"startTime":5866.666,"endTime":5867.533,"body":"This is one of the things I"},{"startTime":5867.533,"endTime":5869.166,"body":"introduced in my dissertation."},{"startTime":5869.966,"endTime":5873.8,"body":"And the idea is you have a space, let us"},{"startTime":5873.8,"endTime":5876.033,"body":"call it design space, close"},{"startTime":5876.033,"endTime":5877.366,"body":"to the origin of the graph."},{"startTime":5877.366,"endTime":5879.566,"body":"You've got an innovation point."},{"startTime":5879.566,"endTime":5880.933,"body":"That circle is where some"},{"startTime":5880.933,"endTime":5882.633,"body":"new thing becomes possible."},{"startTime":5882.633,"endTime":5885.166,"body":"Let's call it flight in bats."},{"startTime":5885.533,"endTime":5887.366,"body":"So you go from a gliding ancestor to a"},{"startTime":5887.366,"endTime":5888.833,"body":"flying ancestor and you're down here."},{"startTime":5889.566,"endTime":5891.333,"body":"So you've got a Cartesian coordinate"},{"startTime":5891.333,"endTime":5894.066,"body":"system, you've got an X, Y axis for"},{"startTime":5894.066,"endTime":5896.066,"body":"people who are just listening and your"},{"startTime":5896.066,"endTime":5898.466,"body":"two variables are something like speed"},{"startTime":5898.466,"endTime":5899.566,"body":"versus maneuverability."},{"startTime":5899.566,"endTime":5899.966,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5900.166,"endTime":5901.866,"body":"Speed versus maneuverability would be a"},{"startTime":5901.866,"endTime":5903.333,"body":"good one, but you could really put any"},{"startTime":5903.333,"endTime":5906.066,"body":"two things that are, that are desirable."},{"startTime":5906.066,"endTime":5906.666,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":5907.066,"endTime":5908.199,"body":"Uh, any two desirable characteristics."},{"startTime":5908.199,"endTime":5909.266,"body":"So you get an innovation."},{"startTime":5909.8,"endTime":5911.733,"body":"It sucks in every regard."},{"startTime":5911.966,"endTime":5913.133,"body":"The first flying bat"},{"startTime":5913.133,"endTime":5914.566,"body":"was not good at flying."},{"startTime":5914.566,"endTime":5915.266,"body":"I promise you."},{"startTime":5916.133,"endTime":5919.3,"body":"And the point is the selection on this"},{"startTime":5919.3,"endTime":5922.5,"body":"line headed away from the origin of the"},{"startTime":5922.5,"endTime":5926.533,"body":"graph is a purifying selection."},{"startTime":5926.533,"endTime":5928.333,"body":"It is selection that takes all of the low"},{"startTime":5928.333,"endTime":5930.199,"body":"hanging fruit that can make an animal"},{"startTime":5930.199,"endTime":5932.033,"body":"more agile, more efficient,"},{"startTime":5933.666,"endTime":5935.933,"body":"faster, any of those things, all of those"},{"startTime":5935.933,"endTime":5937.366,"body":"improvements happen"},{"startTime":5937.366,"endTime":5939.433,"body":"together on this line."},{"startTime":5939.433,"endTime":5941.466,"body":"So what you get in this phase is"},{"startTime":5941.466,"endTime":5942.733,"body":"improvement of everything."},{"startTime":5943.333,"endTime":5944.1,"body":"And then at some point"},{"startTime":5944.1,"endTime":5946.133,"body":"you run into limits about"},{"startTime":5946.133,"endTime":5947.866,"body":"just let's, let's just put a little more"},{"startTime":5947.866,"endTime":5951.699,"body":"flesh on this as you are moving from"},{"startTime":5951.699,"endTime":5952.966,"body":"being a non-volent"},{"startTime":5952.966,"endTime":5954.433,"body":"mammal into becoming a bat."},{"startTime":5955.166,"endTime":5956.333,"body":"Uh, your first, your first"},{"startTime":5956.333,"endTime":5957.8,"body":"successful forays into flight,"},{"startTime":5958.966,"endTime":5961.899,"body":"get you, uh, almost infinitely farther,"},{"startTime":5961.899,"endTime":5964.566,"body":"uh, with, with each innovation."},{"startTime":5964.566,"endTime":5967.399,"body":"Uh, but those, uh, those innovations"},{"startTime":5967.399,"endTime":5969.433,"body":"become less and less"},{"startTime":5969.433,"endTime":5971.533,"body":"dramatic with each one that happens."},{"startTime":5972.333,"endTime":5972.533,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":5973.033,"endTime":5975.666,"body":"Um, you, I mean, if you think about it"},{"startTime":5975.666,"endTime":5977.133,"body":"from the point of view of the airplane,"},{"startTime":5977.566,"endTime":5979.199,"body":"um, which is a more familiar example,"},{"startTime":5979.199,"endTime":5980.266,"body":"same process, right?"},{"startTime":5980.266,"endTime":5983.966,"body":"In, in 1903, the Wright brothers got off"},{"startTime":5983.966,"endTime":5986.066,"body":"the ground for 30 seconds."},{"startTime":5986.066,"endTime":5986.866,"body":"That was the first"},{"startTime":5986.866,"endTime":5988.666,"body":"power flight, 30 seconds."},{"startTime":5989.366,"endTime":5994.133,"body":"Same airplane was then rebuilt by them in"},{"startTime":5994.133,"endTime":5996.733,"body":"iterations as they discovered having now"},{"startTime":5996.733,"endTime":5998.033,"body":"gotten it off the ground with powered"},{"startTime":5998.033,"endTime":5999.333,"body":"flight, they discovered all the things"},{"startTime":5999.333,"endTime":6000.166,"body":"they were doing wrong"},{"startTime":6000.166,"endTime":6001.733,"body":"and they fixed them."},{"startTime":6002.233,"endTime":6004.5,"body":"And so within a small number of years,"},{"startTime":6005.233,"endTime":6008.266,"body":"there's a famous picture of, I think it's"},{"startTime":6008.266,"endTime":6011.466,"body":"Orville circling the Eiffel tower, same"},{"startTime":6011.466,"endTime":6014.933,"body":"plane, but all of the dumb errors that"},{"startTime":6014.933,"endTime":6016.333,"body":"they made the first time, because they"},{"startTime":6016.333,"endTime":6018.066,"body":"didn't know how flight was really going"},{"startTime":6018.066,"endTime":6019.666,"body":"to work have been solved."},{"startTime":6019.666,"endTime":6020.366,"body":"And so you get a plane"},{"startTime":6020.366,"endTime":6021.866,"body":"that can barely fly to"},{"startTime":6021.866,"endTime":6023.166,"body":"feel like it's confusing that you keep"},{"startTime":6023.166,"endTime":6024.699,"body":"saying, saying same plane."},{"startTime":6024.699,"endTime":6025.566,"body":"It wasn't the same plane."},{"startTime":6025.566,"endTime":6027.066,"body":"It wasn't either the same individual"},{"startTime":6027.066,"endTime":6028.733,"body":"plane, nor was it the same design."},{"startTime":6028.733,"endTime":6031.033,"body":"It was the plane of Thebes fair enough,"},{"startTime":6031.033,"endTime":6033.033,"body":"but it was not, it was not a different,"},{"startTime":6033.033,"endTime":6033.766,"body":"but you're going to also"},{"startTime":6033.766,"endTime":6035.333,"body":"need to explain that reference."},{"startTime":6035.333,"endTime":6038.0,"body":"The, the bark of Thebes or the bark of"},{"startTime":6038.0,"endTime":6041.733,"body":"Theseus is a myth about a boat that is"},{"startTime":6041.733,"endTime":6044.633,"body":"rebuilt one plank at a time."},{"startTime":6044.633,"endTime":6046.133,"body":"So that at some point none of the"},{"startTime":6046.133,"endTime":6048.033,"body":"original planks are left and the"},{"startTime":6048.033,"endTime":6048.833,"body":"philosophical question"},{"startTime":6048.833,"endTime":6049.966,"body":"is, is it the same boat?"},{"startTime":6051.633,"endTime":6051.966,"body":"But anyway,"},{"startTime":6053.033,"endTime":6055.533,"body":"innovation, then you get movement, rapid"},{"startTime":6055.533,"endTime":6056.966,"body":"movement where everything gets better"},{"startTime":6056.966,"endTime":6058.733,"body":"simultaneously kind of gives you the"},{"startTime":6058.733,"endTime":6060.333,"body":"sense that anything is possible."},{"startTime":6060.333,"endTime":6061.866,"body":"And then eventually you run into limits"},{"startTime":6061.866,"endTime":6064.566,"body":"that are physical or in the case of"},{"startTime":6064.566,"endTime":6067.5,"body":"biology, chemical, and those force you to"},{"startTime":6067.5,"endTime":6071.233,"body":"start choosing between values, right?"},{"startTime":6071.233,"endTime":6072.566,"body":"So you can get something that's very"},{"startTime":6072.866,"endTime":6075.1,"body":"efficient, but not very agile."},{"startTime":6075.466,"endTime":6076.733,"body":"You can get something that's very agile,"},{"startTime":6076.733,"endTime":6077.533,"body":"but not very efficient."},{"startTime":6077.699,"endTime":6079.1,"body":"And you can get things that compromise,"},{"startTime":6079.1,"endTime":6080.566,"body":"but you can't have it all anymore."},{"startTime":6080.566,"endTime":6082.433,"body":"So innovation,"},{"startTime":6083.933,"endTime":6085.466,"body":"rapid improvement, and then"},{"startTime":6085.466,"endTime":6088.966,"body":"specialization into different forms and"},{"startTime":6088.966,"endTime":6090.166,"body":"diversifying selection."},{"startTime":6090.166,"endTime":6091.466,"body":"Yeah, diversifying selection."},{"startTime":6091.766,"endTime":6091.966,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":6092.5,"endTime":6094.733,"body":"And so anyway, if you map that onto"},{"startTime":6094.733,"endTime":6096.833,"body":"something like AI, where are we?"},{"startTime":6098.399,"endTime":6100.666,"body":"We're on this line where these things are"},{"startTime":6100.666,"endTime":6103.333,"body":"getting rapidly more capable, right?"},{"startTime":6103.566,"endTime":6105.133,"body":"In every regard, they're just getting"},{"startTime":6105.133,"endTime":6106.333,"body":"more and more powerful."},{"startTime":6106.6,"endTime":6109.566,"body":"At some point, and the puzzle's a little"},{"startTime":6109.566,"endTime":6111.666,"body":"more complicated because at some level"},{"startTime":6111.666,"endTime":6113.966,"body":"there's a question about how much energy"},{"startTime":6113.966,"endTime":6115.833,"body":"and compute you can pour into these"},{"startTime":6115.833,"endTime":6117.433,"body":"things to get more and more improvement."},{"startTime":6117.433,"endTime":6119.233,"body":"But at some point you're going to run"},{"startTime":6119.233,"endTime":6120.866,"body":"into limits and you're going to have to"},{"startTime":6120.866,"endTime":6122.033,"body":"specialize these things."},{"startTime":6122.233,"endTime":6122.966,"body":"We're not there yet."},{"startTime":6123.333,"endTime":6125.566,"body":"Well, but I mean already, I know almost,"},{"startTime":6126.1,"endTime":6126.966,"body":"excuse me, almost nothing about this"},{"startTime":6126.966,"endTime":6129.333,"body":"space, but already it is understood that,"},{"startTime":6129.333,"endTime":6131.266,"body":"you know, one product is better if you're"},{"startTime":6131.266,"endTime":6133.033,"body":"trying to do coding and another is better"},{"startTime":6133.033,"endTime":6134.533,"body":"if you're trying to do deep dives into"},{"startTime":6134.533,"endTime":6135.633,"body":"the existing literature,"},{"startTime":6135.866,"endTime":6137.3,"body":"existing library research."},{"startTime":6138.666,"endTime":6142.866,"body":"So there are things by which you can"},{"startTime":6142.866,"endTime":6144.0,"body":"measure better and worse"},{"startTime":6144.0,"endTime":6145.233,"body":"within the existing models."},{"startTime":6145.8,"endTime":6148.166,"body":"Yeah, but that's actually a different"},{"startTime":6148.166,"endTime":6151.766,"body":"question because if you were to zoom in"},{"startTime":6151.766,"endTime":6155.6,"body":"on this space of purifying selection"},{"startTime":6155.6,"endTime":6158.433,"body":"rapidly improving of all characteristics,"},{"startTime":6158.933,"endTime":6161.8,"body":"at any individual moment you would get a"},{"startTime":6161.8,"endTime":6163.833,"body":"like an echo of this"},{"startTime":6163.833,"endTime":6165.699,"body":"trade-off arc up here."},{"startTime":6166.266,"endTime":6168.033,"body":"So if you were to look into the history"},{"startTime":6168.033,"endTime":6170.466,"body":"of flight at fighter"},{"startTime":6170.466,"endTime":6173.033,"body":"jets at any moment, right?"},{"startTime":6173.066,"endTime":6177.266,"body":"Either, you know, early biplanes or you"},{"startTime":6177.266,"endTime":6180.266,"body":"were to look in at, you know, you know,"},{"startTime":6180.266,"endTime":6183.433,"body":"World War II airplanes like Spitfires and"},{"startTime":6183.433,"endTime":6185.6,"body":"P-38s or you were to"},{"startTime":6185.6,"endTime":6187.366,"body":"look into Vietnam era stuff."},{"startTime":6187.766,"endTime":6190.199,"body":"At each one of those moments you get a"},{"startTime":6190.199,"endTime":6193.466,"body":"kind of echo of this where I do this and"},{"startTime":6193.466,"endTime":6194.899,"body":"it costs me something there, but the"},{"startTime":6194.899,"endTime":6196.866,"body":"point is if you were to compare between"},{"startTime":6196.866,"endTime":6199.233,"body":"those moments, right, if you were to look"},{"startTime":6199.233,"endTime":6202.133,"body":"at the biplanes compared to the World War"},{"startTime":6202.133,"endTime":6204.5,"body":"II planes, you would find no comparison."},{"startTime":6204.733,"endTime":6206.366,"body":"You would again find that those limits"},{"startTime":6206.366,"endTime":6209.0,"body":"were temporary and that you could keep"},{"startTime":6209.0,"endTime":6210.633,"body":"going this way, but eventually you run"},{"startTime":6210.633,"endTime":6212.866,"body":"into some limit you can't break because"},{"startTime":6212.866,"endTime":6214.933,"body":"it's not, you know,"},{"startTime":6214.966,"endTime":6215.866,"body":"because it's physical."},{"startTime":6216.5,"endTime":6217.3,"body":"But that doesn't mean that there's not"},{"startTime":6217.3,"endTime":6220.866,"body":"exploration all over because, especially"},{"startTime":6220.866,"endTime":6222.399,"body":"with regard to artificial selection as"},{"startTime":6222.399,"endTime":6223.366,"body":"it's happening with AI,"},{"startTime":6224.433,"endTime":6226.833,"body":"there is directed, there's motivation to"},{"startTime":6226.833,"endTime":6228.833,"body":"become better at to have the LLM become"},{"startTime":6228.833,"endTime":6231.0,"body":"better at coding or deep research."},{"startTime":6232.1,"endTime":6235.166,"body":"And I think perhaps the better analogy"},{"startTime":6235.166,"endTime":6238.8,"body":"there is not to something as already"},{"startTime":6238.8,"endTime":6242.266,"body":"specialized even in its initial phases as"},{"startTime":6242.266,"endTime":6244.766,"body":"the first plane or the first bat, but"},{"startTime":6244.766,"endTime":6245.6,"body":"rather, you know, the"},{"startTime":6245.6,"endTime":6247.133,"body":"first you carry out."},{"startTime":6247.733,"endTime":6247.933,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":6248.033,"endTime":6250.466,"body":"Like, you know, how, you know, how are"},{"startTime":6250.466,"endTime":6253.366,"body":"the ways that you can subsume one cell"},{"startTime":6253.366,"endTime":6256.8,"body":"into another and thus get, you know, a"},{"startTime":6256.8,"endTime":6258.066,"body":"massive increase in"},{"startTime":6258.066,"endTime":6259.366,"body":"complexity and capacity."},{"startTime":6260.166,"endTime":6262.533,"body":"And I imagine that there are, you know,"},{"startTime":6262.533,"endTime":6264.266,"body":"you have multiple ways to do things, only"},{"startTime":6264.266,"endTime":6265.366,"body":"one of which ends up being"},{"startTime":6265.366,"endTime":6266.8,"body":"the way that that persists."},{"startTime":6267.566,"endTime":6267.766,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":6268.333,"endTime":6270.333,"body":"And ultimately, because we're in computer"},{"startTime":6270.333,"endTime":6273.666,"body":"space, you will probably have what will"},{"startTime":6273.666,"endTime":6275.8,"body":"look like cryptic specialization."},{"startTime":6276.8,"endTime":6278.966,"body":"So for example, you'll have a slider"},{"startTime":6278.966,"endTime":6281.166,"body":"where you can say, you know,"},{"startTime":6281.566,"endTime":6282.8,"body":"talking about a turtle or a hamburger."},{"startTime":6283.366,"endTime":6285.066,"body":"No, no, I'm talking about a"},{"startTime":6285.066,"endTime":6287.033,"body":"virtual thing that you drag."},{"startTime":6288.066,"endTime":6289.866,"body":"You'll get a slider that will allow you"},{"startTime":6289.866,"endTime":6294.466,"body":"to adjust your sensitivity to type two"},{"startTime":6294.566,"endTime":6295.933,"body":"errors, for example."},{"startTime":6297.1,"endTime":6303.133,"body":"Or you'll have one that limits the"},{"startTime":6303.133,"endTime":6306.466,"body":"model's effective search space"},{"startTime":6307.533,"endTime":6311.533,"body":"in order to bias towards this expertise"},{"startTime":6311.533,"endTime":6313.833,"body":"versus that expertise where two fields"},{"startTime":6313.833,"endTime":6315.766,"body":"don't agree on an overall model or"},{"startTime":6315.766,"endTime":6316.533,"body":"something like that."},{"startTime":6317.133,"endTime":6319.566,"body":"So anyway, that will look like a"},{"startTime":6319.566,"endTime":6322.166,"body":"universally capable model, but it will be"},{"startTime":6322.166,"endTime":6325.066,"body":"a little bit like the F-14,"},{"startTime":6326.133,"endTime":6327.033,"body":"which of course will"},{"startTime":6327.033,"endTime":6328.6,"body":"call to mind immediately."},{"startTime":6329.133,"endTime":6330.933,"body":"It doesn't call anything to mind because"},{"startTime":6330.933,"endTime":6331.766,"body":"some people in your"},{"startTime":6331.766,"endTime":6332.933,"body":"audience, including me,"},{"startTime":6333.966,"endTime":6335.333,"body":"aren't boys."},{"startTime":6335.666,"endTime":6335.866,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6336.266,"endTime":6338.233,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":6338.233,"endTime":6341.233,"body":"The F-14 is a fighter jet, I think not"},{"startTime":6341.233,"endTime":6342.566,"body":"used anymore or very"},{"startTime":6342.566,"endTime":6346.633,"body":"little, that had a swinging wing."},{"startTime":6347.5,"endTime":6349.899,"body":"So that you could pull it back for..."},{"startTime":6349.933,"endTime":6351.233,"body":"I could have gotten you to fighter jet."},{"startTime":6351.566,"endTime":6352.533,"body":"F, okay, got it."},{"startTime":6352.533,"endTime":6353.033,"body":"There you go."},{"startTime":6353.033,"endTime":6355.333,"body":"But swinging wing in a fixed wing"},{"startTime":6355.333,"endTime":6356.433,"body":"aircraft, come on, man."},{"startTime":6356.699,"endTime":6356.899,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":6357.066,"endTime":6357.433,"body":"What the hell?"},{"startTime":6357.899,"endTime":6358.866,"body":"So what is the advantage?"},{"startTime":6359.333,"endTime":6362.033,"body":"A different ideal configuration for rapid"},{"startTime":6362.033,"endTime":6371.699,"body":"flight and high maneuverability or"},{"startTime":6371.699,"endTime":6374.233,"body":"landing require or benefit from a"},{"startTime":6374.233,"endTime":6374.933,"body":"different configuration."},{"startTime":6375.266,"endTime":6377.633,"body":"And so the ability to flip a lever and"},{"startTime":6377.633,"endTime":6378.8,"body":"have it swing the wings"},{"startTime":6378.8,"endTime":6379.966,"body":"out or swing them back."},{"startTime":6380.399,"endTime":6380.966,"body":"It's like a cap."},{"startTime":6380.966,"endTime":6382.433,"body":"That's like a huge liability."},{"startTime":6383.333,"endTime":6384.533,"body":"Well, the point is none"},{"startTime":6384.533,"endTime":6385.399,"body":"of those things are free."},{"startTime":6385.399,"endTime":6385.866,"body":"Let's hinge those on."},{"startTime":6386.133,"endTime":6386.333,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6387.066,"endTime":6387.266,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":6387.5,"endTime":6390.566,"body":"Well, you also, a more mundane version"},{"startTime":6390.566,"endTime":6394.066,"body":"would be fighters that have fold up wings"},{"startTime":6394.233,"endTime":6397.133,"body":"to sit in the underbelly of a carrier."},{"startTime":6397.533,"endTime":6397.733,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6398.166,"endTime":6399.833,"body":"That's a storage problem."},{"startTime":6400.033,"endTime":6400.333,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6400.333,"endTime":6401.699,"body":"But the point is you still got a hinge in"},{"startTime":6401.699,"endTime":6403.699,"body":"your wing and there's a way to design it"},{"startTime":6403.699,"endTime":6404.633,"body":"so that that's okay."},{"startTime":6405.366,"endTime":6407.133,"body":"You know, mostly folding bicycles are"},{"startTime":6407.133,"endTime":6408.066,"body":"much better than you"},{"startTime":6408.066,"endTime":6409.066,"body":"would think they are."},{"startTime":6409.966,"endTime":6411.333,"body":"So all of these things are possible."},{"startTime":6411.333,"endTime":6412.533,"body":"None of them are free ever."},{"startTime":6413.433,"endTime":6415.966,"body":"You got one for me a long time ago that"},{"startTime":6415.966,"endTime":6418.033,"body":"actually just like breaks in half a"},{"startTime":6418.033,"endTime":6419.399,"body":"bicycle fighter jet."},{"startTime":6419.399,"endTime":6420.766,"body":"You never caught me a fighter jet."},{"startTime":6420.766,"endTime":6421.866,"body":"The hell's going on with there?"},{"startTime":6422.166,"endTime":6423.133,"body":"Oh, I don't fly."},{"startTime":6423.133,"endTime":6423.533,"body":"That's why."},{"startTime":6423.533,"endTime":6423.733,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":6423.933,"endTime":6424.966,"body":"And your birthday's coming up."},{"startTime":6424.966,"endTime":6428.133,"body":"But no, though something couplings."},{"startTime":6428.399,"endTime":6428.6,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6428.766,"endTime":6429.666,"body":"SNS coupling."},{"startTime":6430.033,"endTime":6430.266,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6430.266,"endTime":6431.833,"body":"That was kind of a clumsy solution."},{"startTime":6432.1,"endTime":6432.699,"body":"I thought it was great."},{"startTime":6432.733,"endTime":6433.266,"body":"It was cool."},{"startTime":6433.6,"endTime":6434.066,"body":"It was cool."},{"startTime":6434.066,"endTime":6435.333,"body":"But like a bike that you can basically"},{"startTime":6435.333,"endTime":6437.566,"body":"unscrew at the top"},{"startTime":6437.566,"endTime":6439.566,"body":"tubes and the down tube."},{"startTime":6439.833,"endTime":6440.033,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6440.666,"endTime":6441.733,"body":"Good job, by the way."},{"startTime":6441.733,"endTime":6441.966,"body":"Thank you."},{"startTime":6443.666,"endTime":6446.466,"body":"And it was actually also just happens to"},{"startTime":6446.466,"endTime":6448.833,"body":"the SNS couplings happen to have been put"},{"startTime":6448.833,"endTime":6451.333,"body":"onto, gosh, wasn't like a Bridgestone."},{"startTime":6451.333,"endTime":6452.233,"body":"It was a Stumpjumper."},{"startTime":6452.8,"endTime":6453.666,"body":"Specialized Stumpjumper."},{"startTime":6453.666,"endTime":6454.1,"body":"Specialized."},{"startTime":6454.1,"endTime":6454.366,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":6454.366,"endTime":6455.333,"body":"Such a nice bike."},{"startTime":6455.333,"endTime":6455.966,"body":"It was a good bike."},{"startTime":6455.966,"endTime":6456.966,"body":"Anyway, but we've digressed."},{"startTime":6457.333,"endTime":6457.533,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":6457.933,"endTime":6458.233,"body":"But yeah."},{"startTime":6458.233,"endTime":6459.6,"body":"Yeah, but you started with the F-14s."},{"startTime":6460.066,"endTime":6460.5,"body":"I sure did."},{"startTime":6460.5,"endTime":6460.733,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6460.733,"endTime":6461.1,"body":"I sure did."},{"startTime":6461.666,"endTime":6462.133,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":6462.433,"endTime":6465.733,"body":"So anyway, yeah, because we are in this"},{"startTime":6465.733,"endTime":6468.366,"body":"rapid improvement phase, the rules."},{"startTime":6468.366,"endTime":6469.833,"body":"With AI, with good LLMs."},{"startTime":6469.833,"endTime":6472.533,"body":"The rules of now don't look like the"},{"startTime":6472.533,"endTime":6473.933,"body":"rules we will settle into."},{"startTime":6474.133,"endTime":6475.166,"body":"They will look very different."},{"startTime":6475.166,"endTime":6476.633,"body":"And I think your point is a really good"},{"startTime":6476.633,"endTime":6478.766,"body":"one, which is, you know, if you're"},{"startTime":6478.766,"endTime":6480.866,"body":"looking at your cat and trying to"},{"startTime":6480.866,"endTime":6482.666,"body":"understand it, you need the biological"},{"startTime":6482.666,"endTime":6485.766,"body":"humility to understand everything you"},{"startTime":6485.766,"endTime":6487.033,"body":"don't know, which is most of it."},{"startTime":6487.033,"endTime":6489.5,"body":"But that actually we're in a different"},{"startTime":6489.5,"endTime":6491.899,"body":"situation because the"},{"startTime":6491.899,"endTime":6492.833,"body":"cat ain't changing much."},{"startTime":6493.066,"endTime":6495.266,"body":"The cat of now and the cat of 500 years"},{"startTime":6495.266,"endTime":6496.333,"body":"ago aren't very different."},{"startTime":6497.433,"endTime":6501.433,"body":"Whereas the AIs of now and the AIs of six"},{"startTime":6501.433,"endTime":6502.699,"body":"months from now will be different."},{"startTime":6503.233,"endTime":6504.966,"body":"So it's essentially like you're moving"},{"startTime":6504.966,"endTime":6507.833,"body":"through the tree of life and you're"},{"startTime":6507.833,"endTime":6509.566,"body":"passing through what will ultimately be"},{"startTime":6509.566,"endTime":6511.233,"body":"ancestors and"},{"startTime":6511.233,"endTime":6512.833,"body":"interacting with them in real time."},{"startTime":6513.766,"endTime":6515.633,"body":"And where this settles out with the"},{"startTime":6515.633,"endTime":6518.566,"body":"ultimate tree of AI life, we don't know."},{"startTime":6519.1,"endTime":6521.033,"body":"But you have to have the mindset of like,"},{"startTime":6521.033,"endTime":6522.566,"body":"oh, I'm talking to a Neanderthal."},{"startTime":6522.566,"endTime":6522.933,"body":"That's interesting."},{"startTime":6523.366,"endTime":6523.933,"body":"Practically"},{"startTime":6523.933,"endTime":6525.666,"body":"instantaneous generation of fossils."},{"startTime":6526.166,"endTime":6526.366,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6526.633,"endTime":6526.833,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6527.233,"endTime":6530.899,"body":"It is fossilization on fast forward."},{"startTime":6531.833,"endTime":6532.033,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6533.266,"endTime":6533.566,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":6534.466,"endTime":6536.699,"body":"So if you will forgive me, I will then"},{"startTime":6536.699,"endTime":6538.733,"body":"move to the other sort of global thing"},{"startTime":6538.733,"endTime":6540.766,"body":"that I think we're all living downstream"},{"startTime":6541.133,"endTime":6542.033,"body":"of and therefore have"},{"startTime":6542.033,"endTime":6543.333,"body":"to pay some attention to."},{"startTime":6545.399,"endTime":6547.566,"body":"So, Jen, could you put up the"},{"startTime":6549.366,"endTime":6553.266,"body":"tweet of mine that has the screenshot of"},{"startTime":6553.266,"endTime":6555.0,"body":"the president's tweet from yesterday?"},{"startTime":6556.633,"endTime":6558.133,"body":"So as most of you will know,"},{"startTime":6559.133,"endTime":6560.166,"body":"you want to scroll down to the"},{"startTime":6560.166,"endTime":6562.133,"body":"president's, I think"},{"startTime":6562.133,"endTime":6563.433,"body":"this is a truth social post."},{"startTime":6563.866,"endTime":6566.1,"body":"So the president released a statement"},{"startTime":6566.1,"endTime":6567.3,"body":"that caused a tremendous"},{"startTime":6567.3,"endTime":6569.766,"body":"amount of alarm, including mine."},{"startTime":6571.366,"endTime":6573.6,"body":"What he put out on true social social"},{"startTime":6573.6,"endTime":6577.133,"body":"says, a whole civilization will die"},{"startTime":6577.133,"endTime":6579.466,"body":"tonight, never to be brought back again."},{"startTime":6579.866,"endTime":6580.866,"body":"I don't want that to"},{"startTime":6580.866,"endTime":6582.333,"body":"happen, but it probably will."},{"startTime":6583.233,"endTime":6585.833,"body":"However, now that we have complete and"},{"startTime":6585.833,"endTime":6588.1,"body":"total regime change where different"},{"startTime":6588.1,"endTime":6589.966,"body":"smarter and less radicalized minds"},{"startTime":6589.966,"endTime":6591.966,"body":"prevail, maybe something revolutionary,"},{"startTime":6592.566,"endTime":6594.733,"body":"revolutionarily wonderful can happen."},{"startTime":6594.733,"endTime":6595.966,"body":"Who knows in capitals?"},{"startTime":6597.066,"endTime":6598.866,"body":"We will find out tonight, one of the most"},{"startTime":6598.866,"endTime":6601.266,"body":"important moments in the long and complex"},{"startTime":6601.266,"endTime":6602.333,"body":"history of the world."},{"startTime":6603.0,"endTime":6604.533,"body":"Forty seven years of extortion,"},{"startTime":6604.766,"endTime":6607.366,"body":"corruption and death will finally end."},{"startTime":6607.8,"endTime":6610.166,"body":"God bless the great people of Iran."},{"startTime":6610.433,"endTime":6611.166,"body":"Exclamation mark."},{"startTime":6611.733,"endTime":6613.1,"body":"Now scroll back up to the top of it"},{"startTime":6613.1,"endTime":6617.966,"body":"to remind listeners who weren't paying"},{"startTime":6617.966,"endTime":6619.199,"body":"attention to the SSU and"},{"startTime":6619.199,"endTime":6620.733,"body":"so many people others were."},{"startTime":6620.733,"endTime":6621.433,"body":"This is from yesterday."},{"startTime":6622.033,"endTime":6623.233,"body":"And so it did not happen."},{"startTime":6624.0,"endTime":6624.199,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":6624.866,"endTime":6627.366,"body":"So scroll back up to the president's."},{"startTime":6627.899,"endTime":6631.366,"body":"So the thing that was most alarming was"},{"startTime":6631.366,"endTime":6633.466,"body":"the initial the setup here."},{"startTime":6634.133,"endTime":6637.966,"body":"A whole civilization will die tonight,"},{"startTime":6638.733,"endTime":6641.366,"body":"never to be brought back again."},{"startTime":6643.533,"endTime":6646.966,"body":"Now that I took and I still"},{"startTime":6646.966,"endTime":6650.1,"body":"believe is a genocidal threat."},{"startTime":6651.566,"endTime":6653.3,"body":"Others have pushed back and they've said"},{"startTime":6653.3,"endTime":6655.899,"body":"that the word civilization could refer to"},{"startTime":6655.899,"endTime":6658.566,"body":"the regime and that the last line of the"},{"startTime":6658.566,"endTime":6660.533,"body":"thing in which he says something like God"},{"startTime":6660.533,"endTime":6664.266,"body":"bless the great people of Iran is meant"},{"startTime":6664.266,"endTime":6665.5,"body":"to indicate that it is"},{"startTime":6665.5,"endTime":6667.566,"body":"not a genocidal threat."},{"startTime":6667.766,"endTime":6668.3,"body":"But nonetheless,"},{"startTime":6669.5,"endTime":6671.433,"body":"it appears to many of us"},{"startTime":6671.433,"endTime":6672.833,"body":"to have been such a threat."},{"startTime":6674.833,"endTime":6677.399,"body":"I will just tell you what I tweeted so"},{"startTime":6677.399,"endTime":6678.666,"body":"you can decide for yourself."},{"startTime":6678.866,"endTime":6680.899,"body":"I tweeted in response, I said the"},{"startTime":6680.899,"endTime":6682.3,"body":"president's threat against Iran is"},{"startTime":6682.3,"endTime":6683.766,"body":"genocidal, even by the"},{"startTime":6683.766,"endTime":6684.866,"body":"strictest definition."},{"startTime":6685.666,"endTime":6686.399,"body":"Now what I mean by"},{"startTime":6686.399,"endTime":6687.899,"body":"that, this is not the tweet."},{"startTime":6687.899,"endTime":6689.266,"body":"This is me commenting on it."},{"startTime":6689.766,"endTime":6691.533,"body":"What I mean by even by the strictest"},{"startTime":6691.533,"endTime":6693.366,"body":"definition is that the formal definition"},{"startTime":6693.366,"endTime":6695.766,"body":"of genocide says the attempt to eliminate"},{"startTime":6695.766,"endTime":6697.933,"body":"a people in whole or in part."},{"startTime":6698.966,"endTime":6701.966,"body":"And so in part could be argued to be gray"},{"startTime":6701.966,"endTime":6704.766,"body":"area, but the president's an entire"},{"startTime":6704.766,"endTime":6707.433,"body":"civilization will die tonight appears to"},{"startTime":6707.433,"endTime":6708.933,"body":"be in whole, not in part."},{"startTime":6709.899,"endTime":6712.666,"body":"So in any case, I continue."},{"startTime":6714.133,"endTime":6716.066,"body":"It may be bluster, but that does not"},{"startTime":6716.066,"endTime":6718.333,"body":"change our obligation to work."},{"startTime":6718.399,"endTime":6719.733,"body":"A threat must be credible"},{"startTime":6719.733,"endTime":6721.033,"body":"and we must act accordingly."},{"startTime":6721.666,"endTime":6722.6,"body":"We attacked Iran."},{"startTime":6723.266,"endTime":6725.066,"body":"Any order to escalate our attack with"},{"startTime":6725.066,"endTime":6727.166,"body":"nuclear weapons would clearly be immoral"},{"startTime":6727.166,"endTime":6729.233,"body":"and must therefore be rejected by every"},{"startTime":6729.233,"endTime":6730.6,"body":"person in the chain of command."},{"startTime":6731.266,"endTime":6732.899,"body":"Anyone who carried out such an, anyone"},{"startTime":6732.899,"endTime":6734.366,"body":"who carried such an order forward would"},{"startTime":6734.366,"endTime":6735.733,"body":"become immediately complicit."},{"startTime":6736.266,"endTime":6738.233,"body":"This is the lesson of history and those"},{"startTime":6738.233,"endTime":6739.233,"body":"who fail it will be judged"},{"startTime":6739.233,"endTime":6741.033,"body":"harshly by it and by God."},{"startTime":6742.166,"endTime":6744.5,"body":"We can't have a commander in chief who"},{"startTime":6744.5,"endTime":6747.666,"body":"threatens civilians idly or in earnest."},{"startTime":6747.899,"endTime":6749.466,"body":"The president must be removed from office"},{"startTime":6749.466,"endTime":6750.266,"body":"for the good of their"},{"startTime":6750.266,"endTime":6751.0,"body":"public in the world."},{"startTime":6751.6,"endTime":6753.633,"body":"Now I of course took no end of crap for"},{"startTime":6753.633,"endTime":6756.433,"body":"saying that lots of people basically"},{"startTime":6756.566,"endTime":6758.6,"body":"called me a liberal wuss."},{"startTime":6759.366,"endTime":6761.133,"body":"I don't think I'm anything of the sort."},{"startTime":6762.033,"endTime":6765.633,"body":"I am trying to process"},{"startTime":6766.233,"endTime":6768.766,"body":"modernity with the lessons of history."},{"startTime":6768.766,"endTime":6770.133,"body":"One of the lessons of history is that"},{"startTime":6771.033,"endTime":6772.733,"body":"immoral orders must be rejected."},{"startTime":6773.466,"endTime":6776.333,"body":"We hanged Nazis for violating it."},{"startTime":6776.333,"endTime":6778.466,"body":"I'm not calling the president a Nazi, but"},{"startTime":6778.466,"endTime":6781.066,"body":"I'm saying those who say,"},{"startTime":6781.066,"endTime":6782.566,"body":"Hey, I was just following orders."},{"startTime":6782.566,"endTime":6785.566,"body":"The judgment was rendered in the"},{"startTime":6785.566,"endTime":6787.066,"body":"Nuremberg court that"},{"startTime":6787.066,"endTime":6789.0,"body":"that is not a defense."},{"startTime":6789.433,"endTime":6791.033,"body":"You are responsible for not"},{"startTime":6791.033,"endTime":6792.233,"body":"carrying out immoral orders."},{"startTime":6792.233,"endTime":6793.833,"body":"And I think that that, unless there are"},{"startTime":6793.833,"endTime":6795.899,"body":"weapons we don't know about that was"},{"startTime":6795.933,"endTime":6799.066,"body":"clearly meant to be read by the Iranians"},{"startTime":6799.066,"endTime":6801.199,"body":"as a threat to use nuclear weapons."},{"startTime":6801.566,"endTime":6805.333,"body":"I assume it was probably idle, but the"},{"startTime":6805.333,"endTime":6809.433,"body":"problem is, okay, so people should know"},{"startTime":6809.433,"endTime":6812.133,"body":"if they don't that what happened was we"},{"startTime":6812.133,"endTime":6813.433,"body":"marched toward the"},{"startTime":6813.433,"endTime":6815.633,"body":"president's deadline for Iran."},{"startTime":6816.366,"endTime":6819.566,"body":"We got close within a couple of hours."},{"startTime":6820.566,"endTime":6823.333,"body":"Bombers took off from Britain."},{"startTime":6824.466,"endTime":6826.133,"body":"What they were armed with, we don't know."},{"startTime":6827.199,"endTime":6827.833,"body":"But essentially,"},{"startTime":6828.933,"endTime":6833.166,"body":"the Iranians presented"},{"startTime":6833.166,"endTime":6836.966,"body":"a proposal for peace."},{"startTime":6837.633,"endTime":6839.966,"body":"One that contained provisions that could"},{"startTime":6839.966,"endTime":6840.866,"body":"not possibly be"},{"startTime":6840.866,"endTime":6842.3,"body":"accepted by the United States."},{"startTime":6842.899,"endTime":6846.833,"body":"But the president accepted not the"},{"startTime":6846.833,"endTime":6848.733,"body":"provisions of the proposal, but accepted"},{"startTime":6848.733,"endTime":6854.0,"body":"that the proposal was sufficiently in"},{"startTime":6854.0,"endTime":6857.699,"body":"range that he would call off the attack,"},{"startTime":6857.699,"endTime":6859.399,"body":"whatever the nature of the attack was,"},{"startTime":6859.666,"endTime":6863.033,"body":"and a fragile ceasefire began."},{"startTime":6864.433,"endTime":6867.333,"body":"So I'll say a couple things."},{"startTime":6868.533,"endTime":6868.766,"body":"One,"},{"startTime":6869.966,"endTime":6874.533,"body":"what the president did seemed to have"},{"startTime":6874.533,"endTime":6875.899,"body":"worked by one metric."},{"startTime":6876.566,"endTime":6881.566,"body":"He got the opening of a negotiation,"},{"startTime":6881.766,"endTime":6883.533,"body":"which is not easy to do at this point"},{"startTime":6883.533,"endTime":6885.866,"body":"because several negotiations have been"},{"startTime":6886.633,"endTime":6889.366,"body":"attacked in, we've had three attacks on"},{"startTime":6889.366,"endTime":6893.333,"body":"negotiations or negotiators since the"},{"startTime":6893.333,"endTime":6896.433,"body":"beginning of conflict, not the beginning"},{"startTime":6896.433,"endTime":6898.033,"body":"of the war itself, but in"},{"startTime":6898.033,"endTime":6899.266,"body":"the context of this conflict."},{"startTime":6901.033,"endTime":6904.666,"body":"So the president was clearly engaged in"},{"startTime":6904.666,"endTime":6907.266,"body":"extreme brinksmanship."},{"startTime":6907.933,"endTime":6910.1,"body":"Had he not gotten"},{"startTime":6910.1,"endTime":6911.866,"body":"something from the Iranians,"},{"startTime":6913.399,"endTime":6916.533,"body":"he would have had to either acknowledge"},{"startTime":6916.533,"endTime":6919.5,"body":"this as a bluff, deliver an attack that"},{"startTime":6919.766,"endTime":6922.866,"body":"doesn't match what he was promising and"},{"startTime":6922.866,"endTime":6926.433,"body":"look weak, or deliver something that does"},{"startTime":6926.433,"endTime":6928.233,"body":"match what he was promising that would"},{"startTime":6928.233,"endTime":6929.466,"body":"put us into a whole new phase."},{"startTime":6929.766,"endTime":6930.933,"body":"Now, I think actually he"},{"startTime":6930.933,"endTime":6932.333,"body":"did put us into a new phase."},{"startTime":6932.866,"endTime":6933.666,"body":"On the one hand,"},{"startTime":6934.966,"endTime":6938.166,"body":"ceasefire and negotiations is good, even"},{"startTime":6938.166,"endTime":6939.933,"body":"if the provisions that the Iranians"},{"startTime":6939.933,"endTime":6942.366,"body":"offered won't be accepted."},{"startTime":6942.933,"endTime":6943.633,"body":"The president has"},{"startTime":6943.633,"endTime":6947.266,"body":"apparently offered them 15 points."},{"startTime":6947.266,"endTime":6950.233,"body":"I don't think we've seen that proposal."},{"startTime":6950.466,"endTime":6953.5,"body":"It's private, but presumably those things"},{"startTime":6953.5,"endTime":6954.533,"body":"are unacceptable too."},{"startTime":6954.533,"endTime":6955.133,"body":"But of course that's"},{"startTime":6955.133,"endTime":6956.066,"body":"where negotiations start."},{"startTime":6956.533,"endTime":6959.033,"body":"But the problem is, I think he's now"},{"startTime":6959.033,"endTime":6962.533,"body":"legitimized a nuclear threat as a"},{"startTime":6962.533,"endTime":6964.766,"body":"mechanism, as a negotiation tactic."},{"startTime":6965.033,"endTime":6966.866,"body":"Now, obviously a nuclear threat looms"},{"startTime":6966.866,"endTime":6969.966,"body":"behind all negotiations with nuclear"},{"startTime":6969.966,"endTime":6973.166,"body":"powers, but the prohibition,"},{"startTime":6974.199,"endTime":6976.866,"body":"the stigma that would come from using a"},{"startTime":6976.866,"endTime":6979.766,"body":"nuclear weapon in the modern context is"},{"startTime":6979.833,"endTime":6982.733,"body":"so great that most of the nuclear players"},{"startTime":6982.733,"endTime":6983.966,"body":"just simply don't use them"},{"startTime":6983.966,"endTime":6984.966,"body":"even when they're at war."},{"startTime":6985.233,"endTime":6987.233,"body":"That's been the history since we bombed"},{"startTime":6987.233,"endTime":6988.466,"body":"Hiroshima and Nagasaki."},{"startTime":6988.699,"endTime":6990.633,"body":"In the aftermath, nuclear powers have"},{"startTime":6990.633,"endTime":6991.933,"body":"often been at war and not"},{"startTime":6991.933,"endTime":6993.033,"body":"used their nuclear weapons."},{"startTime":6993.6,"endTime":6996.6,"body":"So I think that this was a"},{"startTime":6996.6,"endTime":6997.933,"body":"dangerous kind of brinksmanship."},{"startTime":6998.5,"endTime":7000.199,"body":"I think it exists in a"},{"startTime":7000.199,"endTime":7003.966,"body":"context that is most unfortunate."},{"startTime":7004.533,"endTime":7006.266,"body":"And I'll point out what that"},{"startTime":7006.266,"endTime":7007.833,"body":"context is here in a second."},{"startTime":7007.833,"endTime":7009.899,"body":"But at the very least, I believe that he"},{"startTime":7009.899,"endTime":7012.0,"body":"normalized the threat of"},{"startTime":7012.0,"endTime":7013.1,"body":"the use of nuclear weapons."},{"startTime":7013.1,"endTime":7014.566,"body":"And I would point out to anybody who"},{"startTime":7014.566,"endTime":7015.766,"body":"says, \"Yeah, that's what he does.\""},{"startTime":7017.033,"endTime":7020.233,"body":"The problem is the threat has to have a"},{"startTime":7020.233,"endTime":7022.366,"body":"degree of credibility to have any point"},{"startTime":7022.366,"endTime":7023.5,"body":"in issuing it at all."},{"startTime":7024.333,"endTime":7028.833,"body":"So this is not the equivalent of when"},{"startTime":7028.833,"endTime":7033.133,"body":"Ronald Reagan joked into a hot mic,"},{"startTime":7033.133,"endTime":7034.699,"body":"whether it was intentional or not, and"},{"startTime":7034.699,"endTime":7036.233,"body":"there's some debate historically, but he"},{"startTime":7036.233,"endTime":7039.733,"body":"joked into a hot mic that the Soviet"},{"startTime":7039.733,"endTime":7040.966,"body":"Union was going to be destroyed, the"},{"startTime":7040.966,"endTime":7042.233,"body":"bombing starts in five minutes."},{"startTime":7042.733,"endTime":7044.199,"body":"It was a joke."},{"startTime":7045.199,"endTime":7047.433,"body":"Still, it caused a lot of consternation"},{"startTime":7047.433,"endTime":7050.3,"body":"amongst everybody, really."},{"startTime":7051.033,"endTime":7052.899,"body":"But this is not that."},{"startTime":7053.133,"endTime":7055.833,"body":"This is a country at war threatening"},{"startTime":7055.833,"endTime":7059.166,"body":"nuclear annihilation by implication."},{"startTime":7060.533,"endTime":7063.333,"body":"And even if it can be argued to have been"},{"startTime":7063.333,"endTime":7067.666,"body":"successful, it still puts the world in"},{"startTime":7067.666,"endTime":7070.766,"body":"greater danger than it was before such a"},{"startTime":7070.766,"endTime":7071.766,"body":"thing had been normalized."},{"startTime":7073.233,"endTime":7074.633,"body":"Now, I want to talk a little bit about"},{"startTime":7075.266,"endTime":7076.666,"body":"the unfortunate context."},{"startTime":7078.966,"endTime":7082.533,"body":"This is where the game theory comes in."},{"startTime":7083.633,"endTime":7088.466,"body":"What happened in the aftermath of Iran,"},{"startTime":7091.133,"endTime":7093.033,"body":"I don't even want to say they blinked,"},{"startTime":7093.3,"endTime":7094.933,"body":"because although they blinked, what they"},{"startTime":7094.933,"endTime":7097.766,"body":"delivered that the president was then"},{"startTime":7097.766,"endTime":7100.633,"body":"forced to accept was a fair basis for a"},{"startTime":7100.633,"endTime":7103.899,"body":"beginning of a discussion, was a radical"},{"startTime":7103.899,"endTime":7105.533,"body":"defeat for American policy."},{"startTime":7105.966,"endTime":7109.266,"body":"So the Iranians put out a list of things"},{"startTime":7109.266,"endTime":7111.633,"body":"that they required, and the president"},{"startTime":7111.633,"endTime":7112.233,"body":"said that's"},{"startTime":7112.233,"endTime":7113.766,"body":"acceptable as a starting point."},{"startTime":7113.766,"endTime":7115.8,"body":"And the point is what the Iranians were"},{"startTime":7115.8,"endTime":7119.733,"body":"asking for showed great strength for the"},{"startTime":7119.733,"endTime":7121.3,"body":"president not to laugh at it showed"},{"startTime":7121.3,"endTime":7122.399,"body":"strength on their part."},{"startTime":7123.133,"endTime":7124.366,"body":"So but here's the problem."},{"startTime":7124.8,"endTime":7131.166,"body":"You had the basic property in play is the"},{"startTime":7131.166,"endTime":7135.766,"body":"Strait of Hormuz Iran holds the world"},{"startTime":7135.766,"endTime":7138.133,"body":"hostage by having control over that"},{"startTime":7138.133,"endTime":7140.733,"body":"straight and refusing to open it up as"},{"startTime":7140.733,"endTime":7141.899,"body":"long as they're under"},{"startTime":7141.899,"endTime":7142.966,"body":"attack, understandably."},{"startTime":7145.933,"endTime":7148.333,"body":"The proposal,"},{"startTime":7150.233,"endTime":7153.333,"body":"both proposals involve the"},{"startTime":7153.333,"endTime":7155.066,"body":"opening of the Strait of Hormuz."},{"startTime":7155.699,"endTime":7159.766,"body":"In the Iranian proposal, the Strait of"},{"startTime":7159.766,"endTime":7166.833,"body":"Hormuz and a substantial fee for crossing"},{"startTime":7166.833,"endTime":7170.333,"body":"it $2 million a ship would be used in"},{"startTime":7170.333,"endTime":7172.233,"body":"lieu of the reparations they initially"},{"startTime":7172.233,"endTime":7174.333,"body":"asked for from the United States."},{"startTime":7175.233,"endTime":7177.166,"body":"So the idea is well we can indefinitely."},{"startTime":7177.899,"endTime":7182.733,"body":"The fee for for crossing with a ship?"},{"startTime":7183.033,"endTime":7183.899,"body":"I think so."},{"startTime":7184.366,"endTime":7186.433,"body":"Now I will say back when I was a graduate"},{"startTime":7186.433,"endTime":7188.166,"body":"student living in the Panama Canal,"},{"startTime":7189.533,"endTime":7192.566,"body":"huge fees for ships to pass through these"},{"startTime":7192.566,"endTime":7194.366,"body":"waterways are standard."},{"startTime":7194.733,"endTime":7196.033,"body":"And sure is the Strait of Hormuz"},{"startTime":7196.066,"endTime":7199.166,"body":"similarly infrastructure rich?"},{"startTime":7200.033,"endTime":7200.666,"body":"No."},{"startTime":7201.066,"endTime":7204.833,"body":"Panama Canal requires a ton of money to"},{"startTime":7204.833,"endTime":7206.633,"body":"maintain and operate."},{"startTime":7206.733,"endTime":7208.033,"body":"100 percent."},{"startTime":7208.033,"endTime":7212.533,"body":"But you will also notice the strange"},{"startTime":7212.533,"endTime":7215.466,"body":"nature of Panama City sitting on the"},{"startTime":7215.466,"endTime":7218.966,"body":"shores of the canal, which is the modern"},{"startTime":7218.966,"endTime":7222.266,"body":"metropolis that it is because of"},{"startTime":7222.266,"endTime":7223.266,"body":"the ridges that flow in."},{"startTime":7223.666,"endTime":7223.866,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7224.533,"endTime":7226.766,"body":"So although also yes."},{"startTime":7227.233,"endTime":7229.566,"body":"But anyway, point is no, the Strait of"},{"startTime":7229.566,"endTime":7231.633,"body":"Hormuz is different"},{"startTime":7231.633,"endTime":7233.166,"body":"than the Panama Canal."},{"startTime":7233.699,"endTime":7236.033,"body":"But the idea that, you know, I mean,"},{"startTime":7236.033,"endTime":7237.066,"body":"look, effectively what"},{"startTime":7237.066,"endTime":7241.899,"body":"we've got is a breakdown in"},{"startTime":7243.666,"endTime":7246.633,"body":"the rules of peaceful"},{"startTime":7246.633,"endTime":7248.833,"body":"order and warlordism."},{"startTime":7249.3,"endTime":7249.433,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7249.433,"endTime":7251.033,"body":"You've effectively got a warlord sitting"},{"startTime":7251.033,"endTime":7254.333,"body":"on the shores of the Strait in a position"},{"startTime":7254.333,"endTime":7256.366,"body":"to extract resources or"},{"startTime":7256.366,"endTime":7257.766,"body":"shut down world commerce."},{"startTime":7258.1,"endTime":7260.3,"body":"So that's an interesting puzzle piece,"},{"startTime":7260.766,"endTime":7261.333,"body":"completely foreseeable"},{"startTime":7261.333,"endTime":7262.733,"body":"in the attacking of Iran."},{"startTime":7263.566,"endTime":7265.566,"body":"But the other thing, the other game"},{"startTime":7265.566,"endTime":7267.833,"body":"theoretic piece that has to be understood"},{"startTime":7267.833,"endTime":7271.266,"body":"is and I don't think any of us have the"},{"startTime":7271.266,"endTime":7273.533,"body":"information to understand it in any"},{"startTime":7273.533,"endTime":7277.033,"body":"detail, but the relationship between the"},{"startTime":7277.033,"endTime":7278.633,"body":"United States and Israel."},{"startTime":7279.5,"endTime":7283.066,"body":"So there is a lot of evidence to suggest"},{"startTime":7283.066,"endTime":7286.366,"body":"that Israel does not want peace, that it"},{"startTime":7286.366,"endTime":7289.233,"body":"has objectives here and that to the"},{"startTime":7289.233,"endTime":7292.866,"body":"extent that the US and the Iranians are"},{"startTime":7292.866,"endTime":7295.399,"body":"trying to work out a deal in which Iran"},{"startTime":7295.399,"endTime":7297.466,"body":"stops getting pummeled and the world"},{"startTime":7297.466,"endTime":7299.166,"body":"economy is released"},{"startTime":7299.166,"endTime":7301.833,"body":"from its hostage status."},{"startTime":7302.566,"endTime":7305.133,"body":"Israel has other plans,"},{"startTime":7306.166,"endTime":7308.366,"body":"so and it has leverage."},{"startTime":7308.8,"endTime":7311.066,"body":"So one of the things that Iran"},{"startTime":7311.066,"endTime":7314.0,"body":"specifically named in its requirements"},{"startTime":7314.0,"endTime":7316.266,"body":"was a cessation of"},{"startTime":7316.266,"endTime":7319.266,"body":"attacks, including on Lebanon."},{"startTime":7320.5,"endTime":7320.933,"body":"Now,"},{"startTime":7322.566,"endTime":7323.399,"body":"what do you think happened?"},{"startTime":7324.533,"endTime":7327.666,"body":"Well, of course, Israel continues to bomb"},{"startTime":7327.666,"endTime":7329.899,"body":"southern Lebanon and Beirut."},{"startTime":7331.466,"endTime":7333.433,"body":"So anyway, do you have a we"},{"startTime":7333.433,"endTime":7335.166,"body":"have a tweet that shows this."},{"startTime":7335.233,"endTime":7339.6,"body":"Yeah, Glenn Greenwald."},{"startTime":7341.033,"endTime":7344.133,"body":"So Glenn Greenwald says the number of"},{"startTime":7344.133,"endTime":7346.133,"body":"these casualties in Lebanon will increase"},{"startTime":7346.133,"endTime":7349.366,"body":"significantly, but even if this casualty"},{"startTime":7349.366,"endTime":7352.066,"body":"number were the final toll and again, it"},{"startTime":7352.066,"endTime":7352.933,"body":"will increase a lot."},{"startTime":7353.3,"endTime":7355.233,"body":"This would be equivalent of six 9-11"},{"startTime":7355.233,"endTime":7357.633,"body":"attacks for a country of Lebanon size."},{"startTime":7358.333,"endTime":7361.866,"body":"Now, if that comparison strikes you as at"},{"startTime":7361.866,"endTime":7364.333,"body":"all unfair, realize this is a comparison"},{"startTime":7364.333,"endTime":7366.333,"body":"that the Israelis regularly make about"},{"startTime":7366.333,"endTime":7369.8,"body":"the attack on October 7th."},{"startTime":7369.8,"endTime":7370.0,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7370.133,"endTime":7371.066,"body":"They compare it to 9-11"},{"startTime":7371.066,"endTime":7372.866,"body":"with regard to they correct."},{"startTime":7373.233,"endTime":7374.266,"body":"Yeah, they exactly they"},{"startTime":7374.266,"endTime":7375.8,"body":"correct for their population size."},{"startTime":7376.266,"endTime":7379.399,"body":"So if you scroll down, you can see images"},{"startTime":7379.399,"endTime":7383.033,"body":"of bombing in Lebanon and there's just"},{"startTime":7383.033,"endTime":7384.233,"body":"tremendous devastation."},{"startTime":7385.199,"endTime":7393.6,"body":"So how this will affect the they're not"},{"startTime":7393.6,"endTime":7394.966,"body":"even negotiations yet, but the"},{"startTime":7394.966,"endTime":7396.699,"body":"negotiations that seem to be threatening"},{"startTime":7396.699,"endTime":7399.833,"body":"to occur if Israel has the capacity to"},{"startTime":7399.833,"endTime":7401.766,"body":"scuttle them by acting in a provocative"},{"startTime":7401.933,"endTime":7404.766,"body":"way, there was I don't think I sent it to"},{"startTime":7404.766,"endTime":7407.466,"body":"you, Jen, but there was a statement by"},{"startTime":7407.466,"endTime":7410.133,"body":"Benjamin Netanyahu in which he"},{"startTime":7410.133,"endTime":7415.833,"body":"effectively says we have objectives."},{"startTime":7415.833,"endTime":7416.8,"body":"They're not done."},{"startTime":7416.8,"endTime":7418.066,"body":"Our finger is on the trigger."},{"startTime":7418.066,"endTime":7419.466,"body":"He uses very provocative language."},{"startTime":7421.933,"endTime":7425.166,"body":"And anyway, my basic point is this."},{"startTime":7425.633,"endTime":7426.933,"body":"The fate of the world"},{"startTime":7427.666,"endTime":7430.266,"body":"arguably hangs in the balance here."},{"startTime":7430.733,"endTime":7434.699,"body":"The interaction between a war with Iran,"},{"startTime":7435.3,"endTime":7436.933,"body":"the Strait of Hormuz and the world"},{"startTime":7436.933,"endTime":7440.466,"body":"economy is it really"},{"startTime":7440.466,"endTime":7441.733,"body":"couldn't be more dangerous."},{"startTime":7442.266,"endTime":7444.333,"body":"The number of famine"},{"startTime":7444.333,"endTime":7445.633,"body":"hangs in the balance."},{"startTime":7446.533,"endTime":7449.5,"body":"The ability to get fertilizer, some large"},{"startTime":7449.5,"endTime":7450.833,"body":"percentage of the world's fertilizer"},{"startTime":7450.833,"endTime":7452.399,"body":"passes through the Straits of Hormuz."},{"startTime":7453.133,"endTime":7453.733,"body":"Obviously, there's"},{"startTime":7453.733,"endTime":7454.733,"body":"the issue of crude oil."},{"startTime":7455.233,"endTime":7456.866,"body":"You've got some more subtle issues with"},{"startTime":7456.866,"endTime":7460.0,"body":"things like helium, which is a major"},{"startTime":7460.0,"endTime":7463.133,"body":"player in sophisticated technology."},{"startTime":7464.166,"endTime":7468.833,"body":"All of these things are connected"},{"startTime":7468.833,"endTime":7472.466,"body":"together in a complex system in which we"},{"startTime":7472.466,"endTime":7477.533,"body":"appear to have intervened with simplistic"},{"startTime":7477.533,"endTime":7479.333,"body":"ideas of what might be"},{"startTime":7479.333,"endTime":7481.066,"body":"accomplished and in what way."},{"startTime":7482.433,"endTime":7487.199,"body":"And we now have the question in which we"},{"startTime":7487.199,"endTime":7489.766,"body":"cannot observe what is going on."},{"startTime":7490.033,"endTime":7491.833,"body":"A, it is interesting that the United"},{"startTime":7491.833,"endTime":7495.766,"body":"States called off its attack on Iran"},{"startTime":7495.766,"endTime":7499.533,"body":"based on signaling from Iran."},{"startTime":7500.666,"endTime":7502.933,"body":"Presumably behind the scenes, Israel did"},{"startTime":7502.933,"endTime":7506.166,"body":"not want the United States to call off"},{"startTime":7506.166,"endTime":7507.933,"body":"its attack, whatever that attack was."},{"startTime":7508.933,"endTime":7511.133,"body":"And the US decided to do it anyway."},{"startTime":7512.066,"endTime":7512.866,"body":"And so the question is,"},{"startTime":7513.133,"endTime":7516.633,"body":"what is that negotiation like?"},{"startTime":7517.199,"endTime":7519.733,"body":"And are we in a position to make peace"},{"startTime":7519.733,"endTime":7522.666,"body":"with Iran if Israel decides it does not"},{"startTime":7522.666,"endTime":7523.733,"body":"want that peace made?"},{"startTime":7524.066,"endTime":7526.066,"body":"And if so, what can we do about that?"},{"startTime":7526.333,"endTime":7529.533,"body":"Surely we have the right to stop a war"},{"startTime":7529.533,"endTime":7531.3,"body":"that we initiated, but"},{"startTime":7531.3,"endTime":7533.466,"body":"our complex partnerships,"},{"startTime":7535.266,"endTime":7537.633,"body":"let's put it this way, it's easier to"},{"startTime":7537.633,"endTime":7539.399,"body":"scuttle peace than it is to make it."},{"startTime":7539.766,"endTime":7539.966,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7540.166,"endTime":7542.833,"body":"And this is a basic principle."},{"startTime":7543.066,"endTime":7544.366,"body":"Which is one of the reasons that keeping"},{"startTime":7544.5,"endTime":7547.433,"body":"the peace should be an imperative as"},{"startTime":7547.433,"endTime":7549.533,"body":"opposed to imagining that you can return"},{"startTime":7549.533,"endTime":7551.666,"body":"to peace having broken it."},{"startTime":7552.666,"endTime":7552.866,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":7553.866,"endTime":7557.633,"body":"And more on that another day, because I"},{"startTime":7557.633,"endTime":7559.766,"body":"think there's a hidden story here that is"},{"startTime":7561.833,"endTime":7563.233,"body":"very clarifying."},{"startTime":7563.466,"endTime":7565.3,"body":"So I will return to that another day."},{"startTime":7565.3,"endTime":7569.533,"body":"But the idea of when you have order,"},{"startTime":7570.566,"endTime":7573.933,"body":"and actually this fits so well with what"},{"startTime":7573.933,"endTime":7576.566,"body":"you're going to talk about, because those"},{"startTime":7576.566,"endTime":7580.233,"body":"who are threatening our admittedly deeply"},{"startTime":7580.233,"endTime":7582.666,"body":"flawed system domestically,"},{"startTime":7584.0,"endTime":7585.866,"body":"our political system, yes, our political"},{"startTime":7585.866,"endTime":7588.399,"body":"system are playing with fire that they"},{"startTime":7588.399,"endTime":7589.833,"body":"appear not to understand."},{"startTime":7590.199,"endTime":7591.966,"body":"In other words, they are threatening to"},{"startTime":7591.966,"endTime":7594.766,"body":"break a flawed system rather than fix it,"},{"startTime":7594.766,"endTime":7596.033,"body":"not knowing what it is"},{"startTime":7596.033,"endTime":7597.266,"body":"that will replace it."},{"startTime":7597.266,"endTime":7598.433,"body":"And the point is"},{"startTime":7598.433,"endTime":7600.933,"body":"warlordism is not a bad model."},{"startTime":7601.333,"endTime":7604.466,"body":"In fact, it's one of several terrible"},{"startTime":7604.466,"endTime":7606.3,"body":"failure modes that will happen if you"},{"startTime":7606.3,"endTime":7609.566,"body":"take something functional as the modern"},{"startTime":7609.566,"endTime":7611.866,"body":"West is, you know, it's not in good"},{"startTime":7611.866,"endTime":7613.433,"body":"shape, but it's functional."},{"startTime":7614.266,"endTime":7616.166,"body":"And if you take it and break it, what"},{"startTime":7616.166,"endTime":7617.433,"body":"you're going to get is"},{"startTime":7617.433,"endTime":7621.366,"body":"going to be unthinkably bad."},{"startTime":7621.866,"endTime":7623.333,"body":"So anyway, maybe we should move to that"},{"startTime":7623.666,"endTime":7627.399,"body":"story, but it's really the same dynamic."},{"startTime":7627.399,"endTime":7629.733,"body":"You've broken a fragile piece, and now"},{"startTime":7629.733,"endTime":7631.866,"body":"you're left with something in which you"},{"startTime":7631.866,"endTime":7633.399,"body":"can't get basic supplies through a"},{"startTime":7633.399,"endTime":7635.166,"body":"straight that that is the kind of result"},{"startTime":7635.166,"endTime":7637.433,"body":"you get when instead of taking the bad"},{"startTime":7637.433,"endTime":7639.166,"body":"situation and figuring out how to make it"},{"startTime":7639.166,"endTime":7642.333,"body":"better, you throw up the chessboard."},{"startTime":7643.333,"endTime":7644.066,"body":"Yeah, I don't actually know"},{"startTime":7644.066,"endTime":7645.066,"body":"how to deal with that segue."},{"startTime":7645.266,"endTime":7646.466,"body":"I had a segue that is"},{"startTime":7646.466,"endTime":7647.566,"body":"not related to that at all."},{"startTime":7648.1,"endTime":7649.233,"body":"The segue is speaking of emergencies,"},{"startTime":7650.166,"endTime":7652.466,"body":"because there is an actual emergency that"},{"startTime":7652.466,"endTime":7655.933,"body":"has been created and is being maintained"},{"startTime":7655.933,"endTime":7657.433,"body":"by the various players that"},{"startTime":7657.433,"endTime":7658.433,"body":"you were just talking about."},{"startTime":7659.766,"endTime":7665.133,"body":"But last time on here on the evolutionary"},{"startTime":7665.133,"endTime":7667.466,"body":"lens, we talked about this bill."},{"startTime":7667.466,"endTime":7668.233,"body":"Can you see my screen?"},{"startTime":7668.933,"endTime":7669.133,"body":"Cool."},{"startTime":7670.333,"endTime":7673.833,"body":"Which was voted into law in the state of"},{"startTime":7673.866,"endTime":7675.766,"body":"Washington March 18, 2026."},{"startTime":7676.666,"endTime":7677.933,"body":"Senate Bill 5068, which is"},{"startTime":7677.933,"endTime":7679.466,"body":"we talked about last time,"},{"startTime":7681.433,"endTime":7684.733,"body":"broadens the people who can apply for and"},{"startTime":7684.733,"endTime":7687.199,"body":"hold jobs in law enforcement and in the"},{"startTime":7687.199,"endTime":7688.366,"body":"prosecutor's office in the state of"},{"startTime":7688.366,"endTime":7689.833,"body":"Washington to beyond that of citizens."},{"startTime":7691.066,"endTime":7692.333,"body":"And that's what we mostly talked about."},{"startTime":7692.333,"endTime":7694.766,"body":"But as I pointed out, as we were going"},{"startTime":7694.766,"endTime":7697.633,"body":"through it last time, there's a thing"},{"startTime":7697.633,"endTime":7698.833,"body":"that I couldn't really make a lot of"},{"startTime":7698.833,"endTime":7700.766,"body":"sense of in the very first paragraph, it"},{"startTime":7700.766,"endTime":7702.466,"body":"specifies this is an act relating to"},{"startTime":7702.466,"endTime":7704.3,"body":"agencies, firefighters, prosecutors in"},{"startTime":7704.3,"endTime":7705.033,"body":"general, or a limited"},{"startTime":7705.033,"endTime":7706.133,"body":"authority law enforcement."},{"startTime":7708.233,"endTime":7711.566,"body":"And then the paragraph ends semicolon and"},{"startTime":7711.566,"endTime":7712.6,"body":"declaring an emergency."},{"startTime":7713.933,"endTime":7715.333,"body":"Oh, what's the emergency?"},{"startTime":7716.133,"endTime":7719.733,"body":"And as I said in the last live stream,"},{"startTime":7719.966,"endTime":7721.633,"body":"and as I reviewed again today, just to"},{"startTime":7721.633,"endTime":7722.466,"body":"make sure I hadn't missed"},{"startTime":7722.466,"endTime":7723.699,"body":"it, it's not a long document."},{"startTime":7723.699,"endTime":7724.699,"body":"It's 12 pages long."},{"startTime":7724.699,"endTime":7726.1,"body":"And I both read the whole thing and"},{"startTime":7726.1,"endTime":7726.933,"body":"searched on the word"},{"startTime":7726.933,"endTime":7728.3,"body":"emergency and anything like it."},{"startTime":7728.3,"endTime":7731.133,"body":"This is literally the only mention of an"},{"startTime":7731.133,"endTime":7732.766,"body":"emergency in the entire bill."},{"startTime":7733.666,"endTime":7735.533,"body":"So this bill has declared an emergency"},{"startTime":7735.533,"endTime":7738.166,"body":"without specifying what the emergency is."},{"startTime":7738.566,"endTime":7739.666,"body":"And I thought at the"},{"startTime":7739.666,"endTime":7741.266,"body":"time, well, that's odd."},{"startTime":7741.8,"endTime":7742.199,"body":"What the hell?"},{"startTime":7742.666,"endTime":7744.366,"body":"Well, now I have, and you can give me my"},{"startTime":7744.366,"endTime":7745.433,"body":"screen back here for a minute."},{"startTime":7749.233,"endTime":7752.566,"body":"I have, actually, let's see."},{"startTime":7754.533,"endTime":7757.966,"body":"I now have some insight into the nature"},{"startTime":7757.966,"endTime":7760.033,"body":"of the emergency, which is to say,"},{"startTime":7760.033,"endTime":7762.233,"body":"there's not one, but it was very"},{"startTime":7762.233,"endTime":7762.866,"body":"important that they"},{"startTime":7762.866,"endTime":7763.733,"body":"claimed there was one."},{"startTime":7764.966,"endTime":7768.433,"body":"So with considerable gratitude to a guy"},{"startTime":7768.433,"endTime":7770.199,"body":"named Viet Nguyen, whom I do not know"},{"startTime":7770.199,"endTime":7772.333,"body":"personally, I now know what the"},{"startTime":7772.333,"endTime":7773.8,"body":"syndication of the emergency is about."},{"startTime":7773.8,"endTime":7775.1,"body":"So he wrote an op-ed for the Seattle"},{"startTime":7775.1,"endTime":7777.666,"body":"Times, headlined, \"I'm not a millionaire."},{"startTime":7777.666,"endTime":7778.266,"body":"I don't think we need"},{"startTime":7778.266,"endTime":7778.966,"body":"a millionaire's tax.\""},{"startTime":7779.399,"endTime":7780.933,"body":"And I read that piece and that's, and"},{"startTime":7780.933,"endTime":7782.566,"body":"then I went sort of into a social media"},{"startTime":7782.566,"endTime":7787.633,"body":"feed and find that he has created, he's a"},{"startTime":7787.633,"endTime":7790.233,"body":"Washington State resident in,"},{"startTime":7792.733,"endTime":7796.033,"body":"here we go, who has created this GitHub"},{"startTime":7796.033,"endTime":7799.699,"body":"called, that he's calling a tracker."},{"startTime":7800.199,"endTime":7802.033,"body":"He says, \"Your right to vote on new laws"},{"startTime":7802.033,"endTime":7803.899,"body":"is being taken from you.\""},{"startTime":7804.833,"endTime":7810.666,"body":"And yeah, actually just let's go here"},{"startTime":7810.666,"endTime":7811.833,"body":"first, why it matters."},{"startTime":7814.266,"endTime":7817.066,"body":"The referendum is the people's most"},{"startTime":7817.066,"endTime":7818.5,"body":"direct check on the legislature when"},{"startTime":7818.5,"endTime":7819.933,"body":"emergency clauses are attached to"},{"startTime":7819.933,"endTime":7821.766,"body":"partisan bills, that check disappears."},{"startTime":7822.566,"endTime":7824.0,"body":"Here's how the system works, how it's"},{"startTime":7824.0,"endTime":7825.266,"body":"being abused, and why you should care."},{"startTime":7825.966,"endTime":7827.333,"body":"So I'm going to back up for a minute and"},{"startTime":7827.333,"endTime":7829.566,"body":"then read his clarifying paragraphs."},{"startTime":7830.566,"endTime":7832.833,"body":"Any time a bill declares an emergency,"},{"startTime":7834.733,"endTime":7837.733,"body":"the people cannot within a specified"},{"startTime":7837.733,"endTime":7840.066,"body":"period of time within 90 days say,"},{"startTime":7840.066,"endTime":7841.899,"body":"\"Uh-uh, we don't think so."},{"startTime":7842.199,"endTime":7843.233,"body":"You don't get to do that.\""},{"startTime":7844.233,"endTime":7844.533,"body":"We,"},{"startTime":7845.666,"endTime":7848.199,"body":"in Washington State, back in 1912, I"},{"startTime":7848.199,"endTime":7849.666,"body":"believe it is, and in fact we'll go down"},{"startTime":7849.666,"endTime":7852.133,"body":"here and read it, yeah, Washington voters"},{"startTime":7852.166,"endTime":7853.266,"body":"won the power of initiative and"},{"startTime":7853.266,"endTime":7856.066,"body":"referendum in 1912, more than 100 years"},{"startTime":7856.066,"endTime":7858.366,"body":"ago, when both houses of the legislature"},{"startTime":7858.366,"endTime":7860.8,"body":"passed the enabling amendment and voters"},{"startTime":7860.8,"endTime":7862.333,"body":"ratified at the ballot box."},{"startTime":7863.233,"endTime":7864.666,"body":"The idea was championed by progressive"},{"startTime":7864.666,"endTime":7865.733,"body":"reformers who believed that"},{"startTime":7865.733,"endTime":7867.266,"body":"representative government needed a safety"},{"startTime":7867.266,"endTime":7869.466,"body":"valve, a way for ordinary citizens to"},{"startTime":7869.466,"endTime":7870.866,"body":"check the legislature directly."},{"startTime":7872.366,"endTime":7873.933,"body":"Article 2, Section 1b of the state"},{"startTime":7873.933,"endTime":7875.333,"body":"constitution, again this is in the state"},{"startTime":7875.333,"endTime":7877.466,"body":"of Washington, enshrines the referendum"},{"startTime":7877.466,"endTime":7878.666,"body":"as \"the second power"},{"startTime":7878.666,"endTime":7879.966,"body":"reserved by the people.\""},{"startTime":7880.866,"endTime":7882.966,"body":"It can be ordered on any act, bill, law,"},{"startTime":7882.966,"endTime":7884.399,"body":"or any part thereof, passed by the"},{"startTime":7884.399,"endTime":7885.966,"body":"legislature with one exception."},{"startTime":7887.433,"endTime":7888.866,"body":"Laws deemed necessary for the immediate"},{"startTime":7888.866,"endTime":7890.866,"body":"preservation of public peace, health,"},{"startTime":7891.266,"endTime":7891.933,"body":"safety, or the"},{"startTime":7891.933,"endTime":7893.399,"body":"support of state government."},{"startTime":7894.666,"endTime":7897.133,"body":"So in the state of Washington, from over"},{"startTime":7897.133,"endTime":7900.199,"body":"100 years ago, progressive thinking"},{"startTime":7900.199,"endTime":7903.6,"body":"people said, \"Hold up, even though our"},{"startTime":7903.6,"endTime":7906.233,"body":"officials are duly elected by us, they"},{"startTime":7906.233,"endTime":7907.466,"body":"might get out of control."},{"startTime":7907.466,"endTime":7910.166,"body":"We need a way, another way, to stop them"},{"startTime":7910.166,"endTime":7910.833,"body":"from doing things"},{"startTime":7910.833,"endTime":7911.733,"body":"that we don't approve of."},{"startTime":7911.966,"endTime":7915.033,"body":"We reserve the right to pass a referendum"},{"startTime":7915.033,"endTime":7917.866,"body":"that undoes anything that they pass, but"},{"startTime":7917.866,"endTime":7919.333,"body":"there has to be a way for them to act"},{"startTime":7919.333,"endTime":7920.433,"body":"without us, you know,"},{"startTime":7920.433,"endTime":7921.433,"body":"without us getting in the way."},{"startTime":7921.766,"endTime":7922.566,"body":"What if there's an emergency?"},{"startTime":7922.966,"endTime":7925.033,"body":"Okay, if there's an emergency, we have to"},{"startTime":7925.033,"endTime":7926.066,"body":"cede the right to referendum.\""},{"startTime":7926.633,"endTime":7927.5,"body":"So what happens?"},{"startTime":7927.899,"endTime":7928.933,"body":"We're back to game theory."},{"startTime":7929.466,"endTime":7931.766,"body":"Of course what you'll have is the abuse"},{"startTime":7931.766,"endTime":7933.266,"body":"of the concept of emergency."},{"startTime":7934.399,"endTime":7936.033,"body":"So I'm just going to read the second to"},{"startTime":7936.033,"endTime":7937.3,"body":"the last two paragraphs of this little"},{"startTime":7937.3,"endTime":7939.966,"body":"section in Nguyen's GitHub."},{"startTime":7940.399,"endTime":7942.133,"body":"\"The abuse of that exception isn't new."},{"startTime":7942.433,"endTime":7944.733,"body":"As early as 1929, the Washington Supreme"},{"startTime":7944.733,"endTime":7946.233,"body":"Court struck down the practice of"},{"startTime":7946.233,"endTime":7947.866,"body":"attaching emergency clauses to bills"},{"startTime":7947.866,"endTime":7949.199,"body":"specifically to evade"},{"startTime":7949.199,"endTime":7950.166,"body":"referendum petitions."},{"startTime":7951.033,"endTime":7952.366,"body":"Nearly a century later, the practice"},{"startTime":7952.366,"endTime":7954.666,"body":"persists, now at an industrial scale."},{"startTime":7955.433,"endTime":7956.533,"body":"Washington voters have used the"},{"startTime":7956.533,"endTime":7957.466,"body":"referendum to reject"},{"startTime":7957.466,"endTime":7959.533,"body":"income taxes 10 times."},{"startTime":7959.933,"endTime":7961.5,"body":"They've overturned affirmative action"},{"startTime":7961.5,"endTime":7962.833,"body":"policies, liquor laws,"},{"startTime":7963.033,"endTime":7964.266,"body":"and transportation taxes."},{"startTime":7964.633,"endTime":7965.566,"body":"Each time the legislature"},{"startTime":7965.666,"endTime":7967.199,"body":"acted and the people responded."},{"startTime":7967.766,"endTime":7969.466,"body":"That cycle of accountability is exactly"},{"startTime":7969.466,"endTime":7971.333,"body":"what emergency clauses and partisan bills"},{"startTime":7971.333,"endTime":7972.233,"body":"are designed to break.\""},{"startTime":7972.533,"endTime":7973.366,"body":"And that's what the West"},{"startTime":7973.366,"endTime":7976.066,"body":"stands for, in my mind, right?"},{"startTime":7976.333,"endTime":7979.0,"body":"And when we were in Prague a while back,"},{"startTime":7979.766,"endTime":7981.066,"body":"someone in the audience where we were"},{"startTime":7981.066,"endTime":7983.8,"body":"talking about our book referred to, I"},{"startTime":7983.8,"endTime":7984.966,"body":"think they were talking about the West"},{"startTime":7984.966,"endTime":7985.833,"body":"Coast of the United"},{"startTime":7985.833,"endTime":7987.233,"body":"States as the West West West."},{"startTime":7988.233,"endTime":7990.166,"body":"And it's stuck in"},{"startTime":7990.166,"endTime":7991.366,"body":"both of our minds, right?"},{"startTime":7991.399,"endTime":7993.033,"body":"The idea of we have this concept of the"},{"startTime":7993.033,"endTime":7995.0,"body":"West and the farther West you go,"},{"startTime":7996.166,"endTime":7999.366,"body":"the more recently these values have been"},{"startTime":7999.366,"endTime":8000.733,"body":"understood to be so"},{"startTime":8000.733,"endTime":8002.333,"body":"precious and so necessary."},{"startTime":8003.066,"endTime":8004.133,"body":"And yet here we are on the"},{"startTime":8004.133,"endTime":8005.566,"body":"West Coast of the United States."},{"startTime":8005.566,"endTime":8007.166,"body":"These three states have"},{"startTime":8007.166,"endTime":8010.933,"body":"lost track with amazing speed."},{"startTime":8011.966,"endTime":8013.199,"body":"So if you go back"},{"startTime":8016.066,"endTime":8018.699,"body":"to technology that actually works,"},{"startTime":8020.399,"endTime":8021.266,"body":"can you see my screen again?"},{"startTime":8021.766,"endTime":8021.966,"body":"Awesome."},{"startTime":8022.233,"endTime":8022.433,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":8023.966,"endTime":8026.0,"body":"We have, again, the homepage of this"},{"startTime":8026.0,"endTime":8028.733,"body":"GitHub created by Washington State"},{"startTime":8028.733,"endTime":8031.933,"body":"resident, Wen, who wrote this op-ed for"},{"startTime":8031.933,"endTime":8033.699,"body":"the Seattle Times about the new"},{"startTime":8033.699,"endTime":8035.0,"body":"millionaires tax and why he's not a"},{"startTime":8035.0,"endTime":8035.966,"body":"millionaire, but he still doesn't think"},{"startTime":8035.966,"endTime":8037.766,"body":"we need one, which is how I found him."},{"startTime":8038.133,"endTime":8041.633,"body":"This remarkable document he points out in"},{"startTime":8041.633,"endTime":8043.6,"body":"this biennium in the 2025,"},{"startTime":8043.6,"endTime":8046.066,"body":"2026, um, ledge sessions."},{"startTime":8046.633,"endTime":8048.8,"body":"There are 709 total bills passed in which"},{"startTime":8048.8,"endTime":8050.866,"body":"78 of them had emergency clauses."},{"startTime":8051.1,"endTime":8054.266,"body":"That's an 11% emergency clause rate, 11%."},{"startTime":8055.166,"endTime":8057.466,"body":"And, and I'm not going to"},{"startTime":8057.466,"endTime":8058.5,"body":"get into the details here."},{"startTime":8058.733,"endTime":8059.933,"body":"Why then he says 20"},{"startTime":8059.933,"endTime":8061.066,"body":"bills you can't vote on."},{"startTime":8061.433,"endTime":8063.0,"body":"These bills were passed on party line"},{"startTime":8063.0,"endTime":8064.733,"body":"votes, given emergency clauses and are"},{"startTime":8064.733,"endTime":8066.899,"body":"now referendum proof, right?"},{"startTime":8067.633,"endTime":8069.166,"body":"Each, everyone was sponsored by Democrats"},{"startTime":8069.166,"endTime":8070.266,"body":"and opposed by nearly every"},{"startTime":8070.266,"endTime":8071.433,"body":"Republican in the legislature."},{"startTime":8071.666,"endTime":8072.666,"body":"Voters have no direct path"},{"startTime":8072.666,"endTime":8074.033,"body":"to challenge any of them."},{"startTime":8074.033,"endTime":8074.5,"body":"So let's just go"},{"startTime":8074.5,"endTime":8075.433,"body":"through a couple of them."},{"startTime":8076.266,"endTime":8077.833,"body":"Uh, and, you know, every"},{"startTime":8077.833,"endTime":8078.833,"body":"one of them is interesting."},{"startTime":8079.033,"endTime":8080.866,"body":"Uh, let's just, here, let's look at, uh,"},{"startTime":8080.866,"endTime":8083.333,"body":"5785 higher education costs."},{"startTime":8083.333,"endTime":8085.866,"body":"Uh, and this is, again, this is when's"},{"startTime":8085.866,"endTime":8087.6,"body":"summary, I'm not going to, except for the"},{"startTime":8087.6,"endTime":8088.733,"body":"fourth one I'll look at, we're not going"},{"startTime":8088.733,"endTime":8089.633,"body":"to go into the bill itself."},{"startTime":8089.966,"endTime":8092.066,"body":"Uh, this allows public higher ed"},{"startTime":8092.066,"endTime":8093.566,"body":"institutions to increase resident"},{"startTime":8093.566,"endTime":8095.666,"body":"undergrad tuition operating fees by up to"},{"startTime":8095.666,"endTime":8098.166,"body":"5% above the tuition growth factor in"},{"startTime":8098.166,"endTime":8100.366,"body":"academic year 2026, 27 to cover"},{"startTime":8100.366,"endTime":8101.5,"body":"compensation and"},{"startTime":8101.5,"endTime":8103.3,"body":"operate within appropriations."},{"startTime":8105.233,"endTime":8106.199,"body":"And, you know, we"},{"startTime":8106.199,"endTime":8107.266,"body":"have limits for a reason."},{"startTime":8107.633,"endTime":8109.166,"body":"It also is cutting Washington college"},{"startTime":8109.166,"endTime":8111.166,"body":"grant aid for about 18,000 students."},{"startTime":8111.166,"endTime":8112.666,"body":"This is an interesting one to me because"},{"startTime":8112.666,"endTime":8115.233,"body":"this, this specifically is hurting"},{"startTime":8116.966,"endTime":8118.133,"body":"the, the college students"},{"startTime":8118.133,"endTime":8119.033,"body":"in the state of Washington."},{"startTime":8119.033,"endTime":8120.8,"body":"And it's hurting lower income students"},{"startTime":8120.8,"endTime":8122.399,"body":"more than students"},{"startTime":8122.399,"endTime":8123.433,"body":"with an ability to pay."},{"startTime":8124.0,"endTime":8126.233,"body":"Uh, which means that once again, we have"},{"startTime":8126.233,"endTime":8128.033,"body":"evidence of a like nearly complete"},{"startTime":8128.033,"endTime":8129.466,"body":"reversal of what the two parties"},{"startTime":8129.466,"endTime":8131.5,"body":"supposedly stand for with Republicans"},{"startTime":8131.5,"endTime":8135.3,"body":"working hard to keep costs down for"},{"startTime":8135.3,"endTime":8137.233,"body":"working class students who want to get a"},{"startTime":8137.233,"endTime":8139.266,"body":"college degree and the Democrats saying,"},{"startTime":8139.899,"endTime":8141.933,"body":"fuck it basically and, and fuck them."},{"startTime":8142.266,"endTime":8142.533,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8143.233,"endTime":8145.033,"body":"Uh, so that's, that's one of these bills"},{"startTime":8145.033,"endTime":8146.466,"body":"that is referendum proof passed."},{"startTime":8146.466,"endTime":8149.233,"body":"Uh, and, and there you are."},{"startTime":8149.666,"endTime":8151.866,"body":"Uh, the next one I want to look at is,"},{"startTime":8151.866,"endTime":8155.866,"body":"um, 13 21 on outside militia activities."},{"startTime":8157.766,"endTime":8159.3,"body":"This one prohibits malicious from other"},{"startTime":8159.3,"endTime":8160.966,"body":"States from entering Washington to"},{"startTime":8160.966,"endTime":8162.566,"body":"enforce state or federal laws without"},{"startTime":8162.566,"endTime":8164.033,"body":"written authorization from the governor"},{"startTime":8164.033,"endTime":8165.699,"body":"or a federal call to service."},{"startTime":8166.333,"endTime":8167.933,"body":"It authorizes the governor to withdraw"},{"startTime":8167.933,"endTime":8169.566,"body":"previously granted authorization anytime,"},{"startTime":8169.933,"endTime":8171.066,"body":"including under interstate"},{"startTime":8171.066,"endTime":8174.033,"body":"compacts per RCW, et cetera."},{"startTime":8174.033,"endTime":8175.333,"body":"Um, and it's controversial."},{"startTime":8175.566,"endTime":8180.066,"body":"Again, this is no one's framing, um, in"},{"startTime":8180.066,"endTime":8185.399,"body":"part because it's, uh, it is stoking the"},{"startTime":8185.399,"endTime":8188.533,"body":"fears and the fires, and it is not"},{"startTime":8188.533,"endTime":8189.533,"body":"actually granting"},{"startTime":8189.533,"endTime":8191.333,"body":"almost any new authority."},{"startTime":8191.966,"endTime":8193.799,"body":"So there is no new emergency."},{"startTime":8194.266,"endTime":8195.966,"body":"Again, they've claimed an emergency."},{"startTime":8195.966,"endTime":8197.733,"body":"This is referendum proof, but the"},{"startTime":8197.733,"endTime":8199.433,"body":"standing as a bill in the state of"},{"startTime":8199.433,"endTime":8202.066,"body":"Washington now with the emergency clause"},{"startTime":8202.066,"endTime":8203.299,"body":"makes it seem like"},{"startTime":8203.299,"endTime":8204.133,"body":"something new has happened."},{"startTime":8204.133,"endTime":8205.533,"body":"And now we have the ability to, you know,"},{"startTime":8205.533,"endTime":8208.033,"body":"no Kings and, you know, fight ice and all"},{"startTime":8208.033,"endTime":8210.033,"body":"of these things like, no, what you've"},{"startTime":8210.033,"endTime":8212.866,"body":"done is further polarize the electorate."},{"startTime":8212.866,"endTime":8215.333,"body":"What you've done is further terrorize the"},{"startTime":8215.333,"endTime":8218.233,"body":"electorate with, with fear, with fear."},{"startTime":8219.133,"endTime":8219.6,"body":"Uh,"},{"startTime":8220.933,"endTime":8221.533,"body":"one more."},{"startTime":8221.533,"endTime":8222.5,"body":"This is so interesting."},{"startTime":8222.766,"endTime":8224.6,"body":"This it's, it's crazy."},{"startTime":8224.6,"endTime":8225.966,"body":"And so everyone here, and there's,"},{"startTime":8225.966,"endTime":8228.633,"body":"there's a ton more, um, are again, bills"},{"startTime":8228.633,"endTime":8230.333,"body":"that passed in this biennium in the state"},{"startTime":8230.333,"endTime":8232.399,"body":"of Washington that are referendum proof"},{"startTime":8232.399,"endTime":8234.399,"body":"on the basis that an emergency clause and"},{"startTime":8234.399,"endTime":8235.433,"body":"emergency was invoked."},{"startTime":8236.5,"endTime":8238.333,"body":"And, uh, at least in the ones I've looked"},{"startTime":8238.333,"endTime":8240.633,"body":"at, no emergency is evident nor is it"},{"startTime":8240.633,"endTime":8241.666,"body":"explained or described."},{"startTime":8242.166,"endTime":8243.399,"body":"I cover, okay."},{"startTime":8243.399,"endTime":8245.533,"body":"So this one SB 6081 is just called"},{"startTime":8245.533,"endTime":8247.1,"body":"government record privacy."},{"startTime":8247.1,"endTime":8248.666,"body":"So that looks uninteresting, but check"},{"startTime":8248.666,"endTime":8249.799,"body":"out what it's actually about."},{"startTime":8249.799,"endTime":8252.866,"body":"It exempts sex designation information in"},{"startTime":8252.866,"endTime":8254.366,"body":"department of licensing records."},{"startTime":8254.7,"endTime":8256.2,"body":"That is driver's licenses and I don't"},{"startTime":8256.2,"endTime":8257.833,"body":"have cards from public disclosure."},{"startTime":8258.366,"endTime":8259.666,"body":"Credentials show only current"},{"startTime":8259.666,"endTime":8261.866,"body":"designation, no change indicator."},{"startTime":8262.266,"endTime":8262.633,"body":"Oh my goodness."},{"startTime":8262.933,"endTime":8263.766,"body":"We've been here before."},{"startTime":8264.066,"endTime":8264.933,"body":"We've been here before."},{"startTime":8265.266,"endTime":8265.5,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8265.833,"endTime":8268.333,"body":"So here it is again on a party line vote,"},{"startTime":8268.333,"endTime":8270.666,"body":"uh, with the Democrats in the state of"},{"startTime":8270.666,"endTime":8272.7,"body":"Washington deciding that if you are a"},{"startTime":8272.7,"endTime":8275.433,"body":"dude who's decided that you are not a"},{"startTime":8275.433,"endTime":8277.966,"body":"dude at all, you get to have that be what"},{"startTime":8277.966,"endTime":8279.299,"body":"your driver's license says with no"},{"startTime":8279.299,"endTime":8281.266,"body":"indication that you are actually a dude."},{"startTime":8281.566,"endTime":8283.7,"body":"And what about if you turn out to be one"},{"startTime":8283.7,"endTime":8285.833,"body":"of those really confused mentally ill"},{"startTime":8285.833,"endTime":8287.766,"body":"dudes who decides to cosplay as a woman"},{"startTime":8287.766,"endTime":8289.633,"body":"who ends up committing crimes?"},{"startTime":8290.1,"endTime":8291.066,"body":"Well, then it's going to be harder to"},{"startTime":8291.066,"endTime":8293.2,"body":"find you because of this bill, which is"},{"startTime":8293.2,"endTime":8295.7,"body":"apparently somehow an emergency."},{"startTime":8295.933,"endTime":8296.233,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":8296.766,"endTime":8297.633,"body":"Therefore referendum proof."},{"startTime":8299.833,"endTime":8299.966,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":8299.966,"endTime":8302.233,"body":"And there's one, there's one more, uh,"},{"startTime":8302.5,"endTime":8303.966,"body":"give me my screen back for just a second."},{"startTime":8303.966,"endTime":8305.366,"body":"I'm going to find the PDF of this."},{"startTime":8305.366,"endTime":8306.6,"body":"Oh, here we go."},{"startTime":8307.2,"endTime":8308.733,"body":"Uh, okay."},{"startTime":8310.333,"endTime":8311.966,"body":"And finally we have,"},{"startTime":8312.466,"endTime":8315.033,"body":"this is the right one."},{"startTime":8315.733,"endTime":8318.166,"body":"Yeah. 1531 again,"},{"startTime":8319.266,"endTime":8321.2,"body":"uh, an act relating to preserving the"},{"startTime":8321.2,"endTime":8322.933,"body":"ability of public officials to address"},{"startTime":8322.933,"endTime":8324.766,"body":"communicable diseases using"},{"startTime":8324.766,"endTime":8326.633,"body":"scientifically proven measures to control"},{"startTime":8326.633,"endTime":8328.766,"body":"the spread of such diseases, adding a new"},{"startTime":8328.766,"endTime":8331.799,"body":"section to chapter 70.5, five four RCW"},{"startTime":8331.799,"endTime":8334.833,"body":"creating a new section and declaring an"},{"startTime":8334.833,"endTime":8337.433,"body":"emergency referendum proof because an"},{"startTime":8337.433,"endTime":8337.966,"body":"emergency has been declared, even though"},{"startTime":8338.0,"endTime":8340.233,"body":"there is no emergency"},{"startTime":8340.233,"endTime":8342.733,"body":"obvious or explicit in the bill."},{"startTime":8343.899,"endTime":8345.466,"body":"And specifically what have they done"},{"startTime":8346.166,"endTime":8347.866,"body":"consistent with the policy and subsection"},{"startTime":8347.866,"endTime":8349.733,"body":"one of this section, the state and local"},{"startTime":8349.733,"endTime":8351.333,"body":"health officials must within available"},{"startTime":8351.333,"endTime":8353.399,"body":"resources implement and promote"},{"startTime":8353.399,"endTime":8355.166,"body":"evidence-based appropriate measures to"},{"startTime":8355.166,"endTime":8356.266,"body":"control the spread of communicable"},{"startTime":8356.266,"endTime":8357.666,"body":"diseases, including"},{"startTime":8357.666,"endTime":8359.2,"body":"immunizations and vaccines."},{"startTime":8360.0,"endTime":8361.6,"body":"The state and its political subdivisions"},{"startTime":8361.6,"endTime":8363.899,"body":"may not enact statutes, statutes,"},{"startTime":8364.233,"endTime":8366.133,"body":"ordinances, rules, or policies that"},{"startTime":8366.133,"endTime":8367.133,"body":"prohibit the implementation"},{"startTime":8367.133,"endTime":8368.366,"body":"of promotion of such measures."},{"startTime":8368.966,"endTime":8371.066,"body":"Any such statute, ordinance, rule, or"},{"startTime":8371.066,"endTime":8372.933,"body":"policy in place on the effective date of"},{"startTime":8372.933,"endTime":8374.299,"body":"this section is hereby"},{"startTime":8374.299,"endTime":8376.033,"body":"declared null and void."},{"startTime":8378.033,"endTime":8380.7,"body":"One of our neighbor states, Idaho, uh, as"},{"startTime":8380.7,"endTime":8382.833,"body":"we mentioned before, uh, is the first"},{"startTime":8382.833,"endTime":8384.966,"body":"state in the nation to actually have a"},{"startTime":8384.966,"endTime":8387.266,"body":"health freedom, uh, bill on the books."},{"startTime":8387.266,"endTime":8389.266,"body":"Thanks to our, um, the friend Leslie"},{"startTime":8389.266,"endTime":8392.766,"body":"Manukian, uh, who wrote it and who"},{"startTime":8392.766,"endTime":8394.333,"body":"helped, and who helped pass it."},{"startTime":8394.333,"endTime":8396.666,"body":"And Idaho is so far the only state in the"},{"startTime":8396.666,"endTime":8399.933,"body":"union that, um, that actually guarantees"},{"startTime":8399.933,"endTime":8404.466,"body":"an individual's right to not have, uh,"},{"startTime":8404.466,"endTime":8405.799,"body":"anything medical done to them"},{"startTime":8405.799,"endTime":8406.866,"body":"that they do not want to do."},{"startTime":8407.633,"endTime":8408.266,"body":"Washington, meanwhile, is"},{"startTime":8408.266,"endTime":8409.6,"body":"going the opposite direction."},{"startTime":8409.933,"endTime":8412.299,"body":"If you happen to live in a place, uh,"},{"startTime":8412.299,"endTime":8413.733,"body":"that doesn't think that mandates make"},{"startTime":8413.766,"endTime":8414.766,"body":"sense within the state"},{"startTime":8414.766,"endTime":8416.333,"body":"of Washington, too bad."},{"startTime":8416.833,"endTime":8419.066,"body":"The legislature, legislators in the state"},{"startTime":8419.066,"endTime":8420.766,"body":"of Washington have just declared a vague"},{"startTime":8420.766,"endTime":8422.833,"body":"emergency and made their bill referendum"},{"startTime":8422.833,"endTime":8424.933,"body":"proof and declared that if in the future,"},{"startTime":8424.933,"endTime":8426.133,"body":"and we're not saying we're going to, but"},{"startTime":8426.133,"endTime":8428.666,"body":"if in the future we decide that avian flu"},{"startTime":8428.666,"endTime":8432.0,"body":"or, you know, whatever it is, is so"},{"startTime":8432.0,"endTime":8433.666,"body":"dangerous that we are going to mandate"},{"startTime":8433.666,"endTime":8435.799,"body":"vaccines, masks, pills,"},{"startTime":8436.066,"endTime":8438.233,"body":"whatever it is, we can do so."},{"startTime":8438.466,"endTime":8440.766,"body":"Including of course, mRNA shots, which"},{"startTime":8440.766,"endTime":8441.933,"body":"cannot be made safe."},{"startTime":8442.233,"endTime":8442.433,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":8443.466,"endTime":8443.633,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":8443.633,"endTime":8445.933,"body":"I wanted to just try to wrap my mind"},{"startTime":8445.933,"endTime":8447.6,"body":"around what's really going on here."},{"startTime":8447.866,"endTime":8448.066,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":8449.433,"endTime":8449.566,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":8449.866,"endTime":8451.433,"body":"One thing is clear."},{"startTime":8452.733,"endTime":8458.433,"body":"There is some, there is an exception in"},{"startTime":8458.433,"endTime":8460.566,"body":"the state constitution in a way that does"},{"startTime":8460.566,"endTime":8461.866,"body":"not exist in the federal"},{"startTime":8461.866,"endTime":8464.7,"body":"constitution for emergencies."},{"startTime":8465.266,"endTime":8465.466,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8466.299,"endTime":8471.133,"body":"That emergency provision neutralizes the"},{"startTime":8471.133,"endTime":8472.733,"body":"ability of the electorate"},{"startTime":8472.733,"endTime":8475.033,"body":"to override the legislature."},{"startTime":8478.433,"endTime":8480.833,"body":"This shouldn't matter very"},{"startTime":8480.833,"endTime":8482.933,"body":"often for the following reason."},{"startTime":8482.933,"endTime":8486.633,"body":"The legislature is composed of people"},{"startTime":8486.966,"endTime":8488.7,"body":"elected by the same electorate."},{"startTime":8488.7,"endTime":8490.966,"body":"It should be very"},{"startTime":8490.966,"endTime":8493.366,"body":"sensitive to what people want."},{"startTime":8494.333,"endTime":8497.566,"body":"The commonality with which it passes a"},{"startTime":8497.566,"endTime":8501.233,"body":"bill that pisses the public off enough"},{"startTime":8501.233,"endTime":8505.366,"body":"that they engage in a referendum to"},{"startTime":8505.366,"endTime":8507.0,"body":"neutralize it, that should"},{"startTime":8507.0,"endTime":8508.233,"body":"be a very rare phenomenon."},{"startTime":8508.833,"endTime":8510.299,"body":"It is apparently not a rare phenomenon"},{"startTime":8510.733,"endTime":8514.033,"body":"such that you have 11% of bills being"},{"startTime":8514.033,"endTime":8515.766,"body":"immunized from such a thing with the"},{"startTime":8515.766,"endTime":8517.266,"body":"expectation that the public may not like"},{"startTime":8517.266,"endTime":8518.733,"body":"this at all and we're still doing it."},{"startTime":8519.033,"endTime":8519.233,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":8519.333,"endTime":8520.833,"body":"So what that suggests, game"},{"startTime":8520.833,"endTime":8524.299,"body":"theoretically, is that the something that"},{"startTime":8524.299,"endTime":8526.766,"body":"is being done is being done for someone"},{"startTime":8526.766,"endTime":8528.466,"body":"other than the public,"},{"startTime":8528.466,"endTime":8529.433,"body":"which is not surprising."},{"startTime":8529.799,"endTime":8531.966,"body":"Our state isn't any more immune to"},{"startTime":8531.966,"endTime":8532.666,"body":"corruption than the"},{"startTime":8532.666,"endTime":8533.733,"body":"federal government is."},{"startTime":8534.166,"endTime":8536.2,"body":"It's highly corrupt at a political level,"},{"startTime":8536.2,"endTime":8538.666,"body":"but corrupt with a kind of impunity."},{"startTime":8539.633,"endTime":8542.033,"body":"The idea that we are not throwing the"},{"startTime":8542.033,"endTime":8542.933,"body":"people out who are"},{"startTime":8542.933,"endTime":8544.566,"body":"passing laws that we would"},{"startTime":8546.0,"endTime":8546.833,"body":"vote against."},{"startTime":8547.533,"endTime":8549.833,"body":"We would rescind with our referendum."},{"startTime":8550.7,"endTime":8553.233,"body":"Well, let me just, to be, I don't know"},{"startTime":8553.233,"endTime":8556.066,"body":"that fair is the right word here, but no,"},{"startTime":8556.066,"endTime":8558.433,"body":"the federal constitution does not allow"},{"startTime":8558.433,"endTime":8563.233,"body":"exceptions to voter referendums when an"},{"startTime":8563.233,"endTime":8564.666,"body":"emergency is declared, but then there"},{"startTime":8564.666,"endTime":8565.466,"body":"also isn't the"},{"startTime":8565.466,"endTime":8566.799,"body":"capacity for voter referendum."},{"startTime":8566.799,"endTime":8568.366,"body":"That's not what I'm appealing to."},{"startTime":8568.6,"endTime":8568.799,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":8569.799,"endTime":8571.333,"body":"Your constitutional rights do not get"},{"startTime":8571.333,"endTime":8572.733,"body":"suspended because there's an emergency."},{"startTime":8572.933,"endTime":8573.933,"body":"This is a point that Bobby"},{"startTime":8573.933,"endTime":8575.066,"body":"Kennedy makes frequently."},{"startTime":8575.066,"endTime":8576.966,"body":"There is no exception and it's not that"},{"startTime":8576.966,"endTime":8578.733,"body":"the founders were unaware of the"},{"startTime":8578.733,"endTime":8580.833,"body":"possibility of an epidemic."},{"startTime":8580.833,"endTime":8582.766,"body":"They were keenly aware of it and yet they"},{"startTime":8582.766,"endTime":8584.933,"body":"didn't carve out an exception for your"},{"startTime":8584.933,"endTime":8586.633,"body":"rights for such a thing, presumably"},{"startTime":8586.633,"endTime":8587.533,"body":"because they understood"},{"startTime":8587.533,"endTime":8588.6,"body":"what would happen if they did."},{"startTime":8589.299,"endTime":8591.233,"body":"It would be abused and I would point out"},{"startTime":8591.233,"endTime":8595.233,"body":"that analogous to the idea of an"},{"startTime":8595.233,"endTime":8599.133,"body":"emergency that is just simply declared"},{"startTime":8599.133,"endTime":8602.866,"body":"without any standard explanation is what"},{"startTime":8602.866,"endTime":8604.266,"body":"they did to the word pandemic."},{"startTime":8604.266,"endTime":8605.799,"body":"That's exactly right."},{"startTime":8605.799,"endTime":8606.733,"body":"It's the same thing."},{"startTime":8607.033,"endTime":8608.799,"body":"So in the case of the word pandemic prior"},{"startTime":8608.799,"endTime":8610.566,"body":"to the COVID pandemic"},{"startTime":8610.566,"endTime":8614.466,"body":"and EUA's emergency use authorizations"},{"startTime":8614.466,"endTime":8616.366,"body":"just made it all okay."},{"startTime":8616.766,"endTime":8616.966,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8616.966,"endTime":8620.133,"body":"But in order for the whole thing to"},{"startTime":8620.133,"endTime":8623.2,"body":"unfold, you needed to fix the definition"},{"startTime":8623.2,"endTime":8627.366,"body":"of pandemic so that it quietly lost a"},{"startTime":8627.366,"endTime":8628.933,"body":"requirement for severity."},{"startTime":8629.6,"endTime":8629.666,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":8629.666,"endTime":8631.799,"body":"So the idea is there are two components"},{"startTime":8631.799,"endTime":8634.133,"body":"to a pathogenic epidemic."},{"startTime":8634.433,"endTime":8636.166,"body":"One is how contagious is it?"},{"startTime":8636.766,"endTime":8639.133,"body":"The other is how dangerous is it?"},{"startTime":8639.866,"endTime":8641.833,"body":"And the problem is if you eliminate the"},{"startTime":8641.833,"endTime":8644.333,"body":"how dangerous is it so that a pandemic"},{"startTime":8644.333,"endTime":8645.399,"body":"simply requires something"},{"startTime":8645.399,"endTime":8646.433,"body":"that's highly contagious."},{"startTime":8646.833,"endTime":8648.366,"body":"Well, lots of stuff is highly contagious"},{"startTime":8648.366,"endTime":8650.033,"body":"that is not an emergency, right?"},{"startTime":8650.799,"endTime":8652.2,"body":"A cold is not an emergency."},{"startTime":8652.666,"endTime":8652.866,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8652.933,"endTime":8655.066,"body":"So they had to get rid of the severity"},{"startTime":8655.066,"endTime":8656.266,"body":"requirement in order"},{"startTime":8656.266,"endTime":8657.766,"body":"to broaden their powers."},{"startTime":8658.2,"endTime":8659.066,"body":"It's a Trojan horse."},{"startTime":8659.366,"endTime":8666.6,"body":"Use pandemic to bring your new powers"},{"startTime":8666.6,"endTime":8670.333,"body":"into existence based on the fact that"},{"startTime":8670.333,"endTime":8671.399,"body":"pandemic doesn't mean"},{"startTime":8671.399,"endTime":8673.033,"body":"anything important in the mind."},{"startTime":8673.033,"endTime":8675.566,"body":"It still requires a severity, but in the"},{"startTime":8675.566,"endTime":8677.566,"body":"legal definition, it no longer does."},{"startTime":8677.966,"endTime":8681.833,"body":"And so anyway, the idea that whatever"},{"startTime":8681.833,"endTime":8685.266,"body":"exceptions are carved out are going to be"},{"startTime":8685.766,"endTime":8687.966,"body":"utilized by things"},{"startTime":8687.966,"endTime":8689.899,"body":"that are not the public."},{"startTime":8691.733,"endTime":8692.799,"body":"And the idea."},{"startTime":8692.799,"endTime":8694.466,"body":"So here's what I really want to get at."},{"startTime":8694.466,"endTime":8701.5,"body":"The why, how would it be possible in a"},{"startTime":8701.5,"endTime":8702.899,"body":"state in which the people"},{"startTime":8702.899,"endTime":8704.733,"body":"elect their representatives"},{"startTime":8705.833,"endTime":8709.0,"body":"to have those representatives generally"},{"startTime":8709.0,"endTime":8711.266,"body":"carve out an exception for themselves"},{"startTime":8711.833,"endTime":8713.366,"body":"without being thrown out?"},{"startTime":8713.666,"endTime":8716.166,"body":"And the answer, I think, is going to be"},{"startTime":8716.166,"endTime":8721.166,"body":"that the population of the state of"},{"startTime":8721.166,"endTime":8724.033,"body":"Washington, the Democrats, the majority,"},{"startTime":8724.033,"endTime":8728.399,"body":"is so terrified of the idea that they"},{"startTime":8728.399,"endTime":8730.466,"body":"will be socially tainted by voting for a"},{"startTime":8730.466,"endTime":8732.866,"body":"Republican that they effectively can't"},{"startTime":8732.866,"endTime":8734.233,"body":"throw these people out."},{"startTime":8734.866,"endTime":8735.066,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8735.066,"endTime":8736.433,"body":"So these people can again and again and"},{"startTime":8736.433,"endTime":8737.533,"body":"again pass things that the"},{"startTime":8737.533,"endTime":8738.933,"body":"public would reject and rescind."},{"startTime":8740.133,"endTime":8741.566,"body":"They don't get thrown out because"},{"startTime":8741.566,"endTime":8743.233,"body":"everybody is terrified that they will be"},{"startTime":8743.233,"endTime":8745.666,"body":"discovered to have voted for a"},{"startTime":8745.666,"endTime":8748.5,"body":"Republican, which then stigmatizes them"},{"startTime":8748.5,"endTime":8749.7,"body":"with the whole Trump nonsense."},{"startTime":8750.466,"endTime":8750.7,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8751.433,"endTime":8753.333,"body":"So this is really what happens."},{"startTime":8753.6,"endTime":8754.633,"body":"This is Trump"},{"startTime":8754.633,"endTime":8757.0,"body":"derangement syndrome causing"},{"startTime":8758.066,"endTime":8761.066,"body":"rogues in our legislature to be able to"},{"startTime":8761.066,"endTime":8764.033,"body":"ruin our state without our objection"},{"startTime":8764.033,"endTime":8764.6,"body":"because the"},{"startTime":8764.6,"endTime":8766.766,"body":"alternative no longer involves."},{"startTime":8767.433,"endTime":8770.2,"body":"So to put this more simply, if they pass"},{"startTime":8770.2,"endTime":8772.333,"body":"a tax that the public has repeatedly"},{"startTime":8774.166,"endTime":8778.233,"body":"blocked, and then they block the ability"},{"startTime":8778.233,"endTime":8780.566,"body":"of the public to block it, the right"},{"startTime":8780.566,"endTime":8781.899,"body":"thing to do is to throw them out."},{"startTime":8782.133,"endTime":8783.666,"body":"But you can't do that because who would"},{"startTime":8783.666,"endTime":8785.033,"body":"you throw them out in favor of?"},{"startTime":8785.366,"endTime":8787.5,"body":"It would be somebody on the red team and"},{"startTime":8787.5,"endTime":8789.2,"body":"that has the stench of Trump on it."},{"startTime":8789.733,"endTime":8791.933,"body":"So we are effectively being held hostage"},{"startTime":8791.933,"endTime":8794.366,"body":"by Trump derangement syndrome."},{"startTime":8794.366,"endTime":8795.466,"body":"But the Trump"},{"startTime":8795.466,"endTime":8798.933,"body":"derangement syndrome is a proxy."},{"startTime":8798.933,"endTime":8799.866,"body":"It's a short term version."},{"startTime":8800.2,"endTime":8802.033,"body":"And I've referred to it often as well."},{"startTime":8802.033,"endTime":8803.566,"body":"And in fact, this is a good segue to"},{"startTime":8803.566,"endTime":8805.1,"body":"talking about the Covid era stories that"},{"startTime":8805.1,"endTime":8806.566,"body":"we'll talk about shortly here."},{"startTime":8808.899,"endTime":8812.299,"body":"Yes, it's way, way worse than it was 10"},{"startTime":8812.299,"endTime":8813.633,"body":"years ago, 20 years ago,"},{"startTime":8813.633,"endTime":8815.033,"body":"30 years ago, 40 years ago."},{"startTime":8815.966,"endTime":8817.866,"body":"But blue team and red team have always"},{"startTime":8817.866,"endTime":8820.266,"body":"had complete disdain for one another, at"},{"startTime":8820.266,"endTime":8821.2,"body":"least in our lifetime."},{"startTime":8823.0,"endTime":8826.933,"body":"And the idea of blue, no matter who, has"},{"startTime":8826.933,"endTime":8828.2,"body":"existed for a long time."},{"startTime":8828.799,"endTime":8831.133,"body":"So long before Trump, there was no way"},{"startTime":8831.133,"endTime":8834.166,"body":"that a lot of voters who were registered"},{"startTime":8834.166,"endTime":8836.233,"body":"Democrat would have gone to the other"},{"startTime":8836.233,"endTime":8838.299,"body":"side of the aisle, even if that it seemed"},{"startTime":8838.299,"endTime":8839.866,"body":"like it was clearly the right choice."},{"startTime":8840.1,"endTime":8843.466,"body":"Even before the derangement of a"},{"startTime":8843.466,"endTime":8845.666,"body":"personality that has"},{"startTime":8845.666,"endTime":8848.233,"body":"created righteous fear in people."},{"startTime":8849.2,"endTime":8849.833,"body":"I don't disagree."},{"startTime":8850.233,"endTime":8850.966,"body":"Obviously, yellow dog"},{"startTime":8850.966,"endTime":8853.133,"body":"Democrat is an ancient term."},{"startTime":8854.6,"endTime":8857.366,"body":"But there is something fascinating and"},{"startTime":8857.366,"endTime":8860.2,"body":"important about the idea."},{"startTime":8860.566,"endTime":8862.933,"body":"I think many people, it's very hard to"},{"startTime":8862.933,"endTime":8866.666,"body":"get people not to cast a vote in favor of"},{"startTime":8866.666,"endTime":8870.333,"body":"a policy that they support or to vote"},{"startTime":8870.333,"endTime":8872.166,"body":"against a policy that they don't support."},{"startTime":8872.966,"endTime":8876.533,"body":"For some reason, the idea of voting"},{"startTime":8876.533,"endTime":8878.766,"body":"against a person who would pass a policy"},{"startTime":8878.766,"endTime":8880.233,"body":"you don't support is"},{"startTime":8880.233,"endTime":8882.066,"body":"unthinkable for most people."},{"startTime":8882.066,"endTime":8885.299,"body":"They have deindividuated and they have"},{"startTime":8885.299,"endTime":8888.666,"body":"taken on their party affiliation in a way"},{"startTime":8888.666,"endTime":8889.933,"body":"that does not allow them"},{"startTime":8889.933,"endTime":8891.066,"body":"to say, \"Hey, wait a minute."},{"startTime":8891.666,"endTime":8894.133,"body":"Why are you passing all of these bills"},{"startTime":8894.133,"endTime":8896.333,"body":"and at the same time forbidding our"},{"startTime":8896.333,"endTime":8899.866,"body":"ability to effectively veto them?\""},{"startTime":8900.133,"endTime":8900.333,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8900.466,"endTime":8900.666,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8901.033,"endTime":8902.066,"body":"You're doing that because"},{"startTime":8902.066,"endTime":8903.333,"body":"you are not public spirited."},{"startTime":8903.666,"endTime":8905.833,"body":"You are undermining the public."},{"startTime":8906.133,"endTime":8908.0,"body":"And the only reason you can get away with"},{"startTime":8908.0,"endTime":8910.166,"body":"that is because you are made artificially"},{"startTime":8910.233,"endTime":8913.233,"body":"secure in this state by the preponderance"},{"startTime":8913.233,"endTime":8915.833,"body":"of team blue voters."},{"startTime":8917.233,"endTime":8917.533,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":8918.633,"endTime":8920.766,"body":"No, they're, they're, they're everything"},{"startTime":8920.766,"endTime":8922.533,"body":"west of the, west of the Cascades in the"},{"startTime":8922.533,"endTime":8923.266,"body":"state of Washington,"},{"startTime":8924.5,"endTime":8925.966,"body":"with the possible exception of a few"},{"startTime":8925.966,"endTime":8928.166,"body":"places on the Olympic peninsula, it's"},{"startTime":8928.166,"endTime":8929.2,"body":"just not going to go red."},{"startTime":8929.666,"endTime":8929.866,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":8930.066,"endTime":8931.033,"body":"It's just not going to."},{"startTime":8931.033,"endTime":8932.066,"body":"And so you're going to"},{"startTime":8932.066,"endTime":8933.799,"body":"have blue representatives."},{"startTime":8934.166,"endTime":8936.066,"body":"But even though those people would vote"},{"startTime":8936.066,"endTime":8938.233,"body":"against these blue policies, that's why"},{"startTime":8938.233,"endTime":8939.466,"body":"they're making them into emergencies."},{"startTime":8939.766,"endTime":8940.066,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":8940.866,"endTime":8943.133,"body":"So the same people if asked on a, and"},{"startTime":8943.133,"endTime":8944.666,"body":"this has long been true, actually,"},{"startTime":8945.766,"endTime":8948.433,"body":"if you ask people on a policy by policy"},{"startTime":8948.433,"endTime":8950.833,"body":"basis, they're much closer together than"},{"startTime":8950.833,"endTime":8952.166,"body":"they are if you ask"},{"startTime":8952.166,"endTime":8953.966,"body":"them on a party basis."},{"startTime":8954.466,"endTime":8958.233,"body":"You know, we, we tend to agree more when"},{"startTime":8958.233,"endTime":8959.933,"body":"it gets right down to do you favor this"},{"startTime":8959.933,"endTime":8961.033,"body":"thing rather than do"},{"startTime":8961.033,"endTime":8962.133,"body":"you favor this person."},{"startTime":8962.666,"endTime":8965.266,"body":"It's a defect in the mind because if"},{"startTime":8965.266,"endTime":8966.266,"body":"you're going to elect people who are"},{"startTime":8966.266,"endTime":8968.066,"body":"going to do things you don't favor, you"},{"startTime":8968.066,"endTime":8969.1,"body":"shouldn't have elected those people."},{"startTime":8969.566,"endTime":8969.766,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":8972.0,"endTime":8973.133,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":8975.033,"endTime":8978.633,"body":"I do want to finish by talking a little"},{"startTime":8978.633,"endTime":8980.766,"body":"bit about the COVID era stories project."},{"startTime":8982.0,"endTime":8985.033,"body":"Even though it feels, it feels like a"},{"startTime":8985.033,"endTime":8988.066,"body":"strange segue right now, but I, I think I"},{"startTime":8988.066,"endTime":8988.7,"body":"think it's important."},{"startTime":8989.166,"endTime":8991.433,"body":"I'm just going to read a little something"},{"startTime":8991.433,"endTime":8993.833,"body":"and then an excerpt for one of the"},{"startTime":8993.833,"endTime":8995.266,"body":"stories that I've been publishing and"},{"startTime":8995.266,"endTime":8998.333,"body":"then we can, we can talk about it or not."},{"startTime":9000.0,"endTime":9002.633,"body":"So in back in late January, I published"},{"startTime":9002.633,"endTime":9006.5,"body":"an appeal to receive stories from people,"},{"startTime":9006.733,"endTime":9008.799,"body":"their memories of their experiences of"},{"startTime":9008.799,"endTime":9010.6,"body":"life during the COVID era and really"},{"startTime":9010.6,"endTime":9012.133,"body":"didn't specify much beyond that."},{"startTime":9013.266,"endTime":9016.066,"body":"And I've been publishing weekly stories"},{"startTime":9016.066,"endTime":9018.799,"body":"on my sub stack natural selections list."},{"startTime":9019.066,"endTime":9019.766,"body":"Yesterday, I published"},{"startTime":9019.766,"endTime":9020.866,"body":"the 10th installment."},{"startTime":9021.833,"endTime":9023.0,"body":"They range from raw to"},{"startTime":9023.0,"endTime":9024.733,"body":"polished, often within a paragraph."},{"startTime":9025.333,"endTime":9026.833,"body":"Some writers lost family members to"},{"startTime":9026.833,"endTime":9029.266,"body":"COVID, others to the vaccine, others to"},{"startTime":9029.266,"endTime":9030.733,"body":"ideology and mass formation and"},{"startTime":9030.733,"endTime":9032.766,"body":"propaganda, a different kind of loss to"},{"startTime":9032.766,"endTime":9034.366,"body":"be sure, a loss that could yet be"},{"startTime":9034.366,"endTime":9036.133,"body":"reversed, but in many cases will not."},{"startTime":9036.899,"endTime":9038.766,"body":"There are stories from the United States"},{"startTime":9038.766,"endTime":9039.933,"body":"and Canada and Australia"},{"startTime":9039.933,"endTime":9041.433,"body":"and this week from Sri Lanka."},{"startTime":9042.5,"endTime":9044.466,"body":"In Sri Lanka as in the West, neighbors"},{"startTime":9044.466,"endTime":9045.399,"body":"policed each other for"},{"startTime":9045.399,"endTime":9046.666,"body":"not following absurd rules."},{"startTime":9047.066,"endTime":9049.466,"body":"In fact, I could maybe put some of these"},{"startTime":9049.466,"endTime":9051.466,"body":"up just as I am going through them."},{"startTime":9052.633,"endTime":9053.933,"body":"In Sri Lanka as in the West, neighbors"},{"startTime":9053.933,"endTime":9054.866,"body":"policed each other for"},{"startTime":9054.866,"endTime":9056.1,"body":"not following absurd rules."},{"startTime":9056.1,"endTime":9057.566,"body":"The author was chastised for not wearing"},{"startTime":9057.566,"endTime":9059.366,"body":"a mask while running outside on the small"},{"startTime":9059.366,"endTime":9060.733,"body":"stretch of lane on which he was allowed"},{"startTime":9060.733,"endTime":9062.399,"body":"to run for safety, of"},{"startTime":9062.399,"endTime":9064.266,"body":"course, all of it for safety."},{"startTime":9064.933,"endTime":9066.533,"body":"In person schooling went missing for"},{"startTime":9066.533,"endTime":9068.533,"body":"nearly 70 weeks in Sri Lanka, large"},{"startTime":9068.533,"endTime":9070.533,"body":"chunks of childhood simply vanished, the"},{"startTime":9070.566,"endTime":9072.799,"body":"author writes, but he also saw things"},{"startTime":9072.799,"endTime":9074.133,"body":"that reassured him that he was among"},{"startTime":9074.133,"endTime":9075.366,"body":"people, not robots, not"},{"startTime":9075.366,"endTime":9077.033,"body":"automatons, but humans with agency."},{"startTime":9077.733,"endTime":9080.1,"body":"He writes, \"Under curfew, under"},{"startTime":9080.1,"endTime":9081.566,"body":"surveillance, under rules that often made"},{"startTime":9081.566,"endTime":9082.766,"body":"little sense, there was resilience,"},{"startTime":9083.233,"endTime":9085.233,"body":"improvised, uneven, human."},{"startTime":9085.733,"endTime":9087.233,"body":"It is a kind of steadiness that wealthier"},{"startTime":9087.233,"endTime":9088.833,"body":"nations, less accustomed to scarcity,"},{"startTime":9088.833,"endTime":9089.899,"body":"might struggle to imagine.\""},{"startTime":9092.666,"endTime":9095.266,"body":"Another author, I think I'm not going to"},{"startTime":9095.266,"endTime":9096.933,"body":"be able to flip through these as I write,"},{"startTime":9097.266,"endTime":9100.733,"body":"this one, one author, another author in"},{"startTime":9100.733,"endTime":9103.133,"body":"America, \"The matriarch of a loving and"},{"startTime":9103.133,"endTime":9104.866,"body":"large family lost her healthy fit"},{"startTime":9104.866,"endTime":9106.466,"body":"25-year-old son to COVID."},{"startTime":9106.933,"endTime":9108.333,"body":"That was never supposed to happen."},{"startTime":9109.033,"endTime":9110.833,"body":"Healthy fit 25-year-old son."},{"startTime":9111.233,"endTime":9113.933,"body":"The whole family got sick with COVID and"},{"startTime":9113.933,"endTime":9115.466,"body":"his blood oxygen dipped below 70."},{"startTime":9115.966,"endTime":9117.366,"body":"His sister took him to the hospital."},{"startTime":9118.166,"endTime":9119.133,"body":"No visitors were allowed"},{"startTime":9119.133,"endTime":9120.766,"body":"and they never saw him again."},{"startTime":9123.0,"endTime":9124.733,"body":"Another author volunteered with a group"},{"startTime":9124.733,"endTime":9126.633,"body":"called Ageless, which matched people with"},{"startTime":9126.633,"endTime":9128.066,"body":"elders who lacked social connections."},{"startTime":9128.466,"endTime":9129.933,"body":"She became friends with her match, even"},{"startTime":9129.933,"endTime":9130.966,"body":"though they never met directly."},{"startTime":9131.433,"endTime":9132.866,"body":"They lived over an hour away from one"},{"startTime":9132.866,"endTime":9134.166,"body":"another, so their friendship was almost"},{"startTime":9134.166,"endTime":9135.566,"body":"entirely by phone or Zoom."},{"startTime":9136.366,"endTime":9137.7,"body":"A year end, she was told she couldn't"},{"startTime":9137.7,"endTime":9139.2,"body":"continue to have those Zoom calls anymore"},{"startTime":9139.2,"endTime":9140.166,"body":"because she wasn't"},{"startTime":9140.166,"endTime":9141.333,"body":"vaccinated against COVID."},{"startTime":9142.299,"endTime":9142.799,"body":"Policy is policy."},{"startTime":9143.366,"endTime":9144.066,"body":"What are you going to do?"},{"startTime":9145.833,"endTime":9148.133,"body":"A professional musician writes of"},{"startTime":9148.133,"endTime":9149.566,"body":"watching as his symphony, driven by"},{"startTime":9149.566,"endTime":9151.2,"body":"management and then by their own union,"},{"startTime":9151.2,"endTime":9152.5,"body":"became tyrannical and mean."},{"startTime":9153.333,"endTime":9154.566,"body":"You don't have to have my screen up"},{"startTime":9154.566,"endTime":9155.233,"body":"because it's irrelevant"},{"startTime":9155.233,"endTime":9156.633,"body":"to what I'm reading now."},{"startTime":9156.933,"endTime":9158.133,"body":"A professional musician writes of"},{"startTime":9158.133,"endTime":9159.666,"body":"watching as his symphony, driven by"},{"startTime":9159.666,"endTime":9161.399,"body":"management and then by their own union,"},{"startTime":9161.399,"endTime":9163.066,"body":"became tyrannical and mean, depriving"},{"startTime":9163.066,"endTime":9164.566,"body":"people not just of employment, but even"},{"startTime":9164.566,"endTime":9166.033,"body":"of health insurance, for the"},{"startTime":9166.033,"endTime":9167.233,"body":"sin of not being vaccinated."},{"startTime":9167.833,"endTime":9169.466,"body":"He himself was vaxed, but knew that what"},{"startTime":9169.466,"endTime":9170.366,"body":"was happening was wrong."},{"startTime":9171.066,"endTime":9172.133,"body":"He fought on others behalf."},{"startTime":9172.766,"endTime":9173.533,"body":"A few people did that."},{"startTime":9173.966,"endTime":9175.633,"body":"He stayed in so that he could continue to"},{"startTime":9175.633,"endTime":9177.433,"body":"do what he loves and so that he can"},{"startTime":9177.433,"endTime":9179.6,"body":"continue to fight for others and wonders"},{"startTime":9179.6,"endTime":9181.166,"body":"if it was the right decision to do so."},{"startTime":9182.233,"endTime":9185.033,"body":"An acupuncturist working as an instructor"},{"startTime":9185.033,"endTime":9186.899,"body":"at a university lived the twin decay of"},{"startTime":9186.899,"endTime":9188.566,"body":"higher ed and the social contract."},{"startTime":9189.233,"endTime":9190.766,"body":"First, his institution was swallowed by"},{"startTime":9190.766,"endTime":9191.533,"body":"another and working"},{"startTime":9191.533,"endTime":9193.1,"body":"conditions fell into chaos and abuse."},{"startTime":9194.033,"endTime":9195.399,"body":"Then he objected to vaccine mandates."},{"startTime":9196.233,"endTime":9198.266,"body":"He told his faculty colleagues, \"We can't"},{"startTime":9198.266,"endTime":9200.033,"body":"mandate an experimental medical product"},{"startTime":9200.033,"endTime":9201.333,"body":"for students to attend class.\""},{"startTime":9203.1,"endTime":9204.866,"body":"After that, he was no longer"},{"startTime":9204.866,"endTime":9205.933,"body":"welcome at faculty meetings."},{"startTime":9207.466,"endTime":9208.733,"body":"Some relationships became"},{"startTime":9208.733,"endTime":9210.299,"body":"stronger, some communities too."},{"startTime":9210.666,"endTime":9211.966,"body":"There were shining examples of humanity"},{"startTime":9211.966,"endTime":9213.033,"body":"throughout the COVID era if"},{"startTime":9213.033,"endTime":9213.899,"body":"you were looking for them."},{"startTime":9214.333,"endTime":9215.733,"body":"They existed even if you weren't."},{"startTime":9215.733,"endTime":9217.266,"body":"Campfire became reality."},{"startTime":9217.833,"endTime":9219.533,"body":"There's a story about campfire here."},{"startTime":9221.233,"endTime":9222.6,"body":"I heard from one author who had become"},{"startTime":9222.6,"endTime":9224.166,"body":"estranged from her mother during COVID"},{"startTime":9224.166,"endTime":9224.633,"body":"because of their"},{"startTime":9224.633,"endTime":9225.7,"body":"disagreement over the shots."},{"startTime":9226.5,"endTime":9226.833,"body":"Neither could"},{"startTime":9226.833,"endTime":9228.1,"body":"understand the author's position."},{"startTime":9228.6,"endTime":9231.033,"body":"Forgiveness for disagreement seemed out"},{"startTime":9231.033,"endTime":9232.566,"body":"of reach, but then the author wrote her"},{"startTime":9232.566,"endTime":9234.733,"body":"piece for COVID era stories and she"},{"startTime":9234.733,"endTime":9235.799,"body":"shared a draft with her mother."},{"startTime":9236.466,"endTime":9238.033,"body":"And her mother, who used to read and edit"},{"startTime":9238.033,"endTime":9240.066,"body":"many essays in her youth and through her"},{"startTime":9240.066,"endTime":9242.266,"body":"daughter's words, she could at last see"},{"startTime":9242.266,"endTime":9243.299,"body":"through her daughter's eyes."},{"startTime":9244.333,"endTime":9247.166,"body":"Her mother and her are now reconciled."},{"startTime":9247.166,"endTime":9249.166,"body":"It's tentative, but it's a start."},{"startTime":9250.533,"endTime":9251.666,"body":"Well, and it's a model really."},{"startTime":9251.899,"endTime":9252.466,"body":"It's a model."},{"startTime":9253.233,"endTime":9258.366,"body":"And as I had conversation over text with"},{"startTime":9258.366,"endTime":9260.733,"body":"the author in that case, I said, I think"},{"startTime":9260.733,"endTime":9263.066,"body":"for someone who is a writer, as her"},{"startTime":9263.066,"endTime":9265.666,"body":"mother is, as I am, I think the"},{"startTime":9265.766,"endTime":9267.7,"body":"asynchronous nature of being able to take"},{"startTime":9267.7,"endTime":9269.733,"body":"what you've said to me and think on it in"},{"startTime":9269.733,"endTime":9271.833,"body":"my own time and see your words rather"},{"startTime":9271.833,"endTime":9273.033,"body":"than just hear your words,"},{"startTime":9274.166,"endTime":9277.166,"body":"probably in her mother's case, was the"},{"startTime":9277.166,"endTime":9279.0,"body":"thing that needed to happen for her not"},{"startTime":9279.0,"endTime":9280.466,"body":"to have to respond in real time to her"},{"startTime":9280.466,"endTime":9281.899,"body":"daughter who was angering her and making"},{"startTime":9281.899,"endTime":9286.466,"body":"her scared, but to be able to see why she"},{"startTime":9286.466,"endTime":9288.366,"body":"made the decision she did and to think"},{"startTime":9288.366,"endTime":9289.566,"body":"about her as her daughter as"},{"startTime":9289.566,"endTime":9290.966,"body":"opposed to as an adversary."},{"startTime":9291.899,"endTime":9293.333,"body":"Just a little bit more."},{"startTime":9293.366,"endTime":9294.2,"body":"Go ahead."},{"startTime":9295.433,"endTime":9296.333,"body":"The nature of memory"},{"startTime":9296.333,"endTime":9297.366,"body":"is worth considering."},{"startTime":9298.166,"endTime":9299.1,"body":"We are certain of some"},{"startTime":9299.1,"endTime":9300.166,"body":"things that never happened."},{"startTime":9300.166,"endTime":9301.2,"body":"We have forgotten some of the most"},{"startTime":9301.2,"endTime":9302.133,"body":"important things of all."},{"startTime":9303.066,"endTime":9304.933,"body":"In reading and editing just a small"},{"startTime":9304.933,"endTime":9306.633,"body":"fraction of all that I've received still,"},{"startTime":9306.633,"endTime":9307.366,"body":"I have sometimes found"},{"startTime":9307.366,"endTime":9308.666,"body":"inconsistencies in the stories."},{"startTime":9308.666,"endTime":9310.266,"body":"And when I ask about them, I hear, \"Oh"},{"startTime":9310.266,"endTime":9311.566,"body":"yes, let me go back and check.\""},{"startTime":9312.033,"endTime":9313.333,"body":"And they check their journals from the"},{"startTime":9313.333,"endTime":9314.933,"body":"time or professional records or text"},{"startTime":9314.933,"endTime":9317.166,"body":"messages and often find that the truth"},{"startTime":9317.166,"endTime":9318.666,"body":"was far stranger than they remember,"},{"startTime":9319.033,"endTime":9321.433,"body":"sometimes even more brutal, rarely less."},{"startTime":9322.299,"endTime":9324.0,"body":"It is incumbent upon us to remember so"},{"startTime":9324.0,"endTime":9324.966,"body":"that we do not so easily"},{"startTime":9324.966,"endTime":9326.2,"body":"turn on one another again."},{"startTime":9326.833,"endTime":9328.299,"body":"Do the bidding of authorities who do not"},{"startTime":9328.299,"endTime":9330.266,"body":"do our bidding and forget our humanity."},{"startTime":9330.833,"endTime":9331.866,"body":"That in part is what"},{"startTime":9331.866,"endTime":9332.933,"body":"this project is about."},{"startTime":9333.733,"endTime":9335.566,"body":"And I want to finish, but we can talk"},{"startTime":9335.566,"endTime":9337.533,"body":"first if you want by reading an excerpt"},{"startTime":9337.533,"endTime":9339.166,"body":"from the very first COVID era story that"},{"startTime":9339.166,"endTime":9341.233,"body":"I published titled The"},{"startTime":9341.233,"endTime":9343.233,"body":"Symptoms I Carry by Heidi Brandis."},{"startTime":9343.566,"endTime":9344.433,"body":"And I can either read that"},{"startTime":9344.433,"endTime":9345.733,"body":"section now or you can tell me."},{"startTime":9345.733,"endTime":9347.7,"body":"Well, I just wanted to say one thing,"},{"startTime":9347.7,"endTime":9351.233,"body":"which is one of the worst instincts that"},{"startTime":9351.233,"endTime":9357.366,"body":"we have seen spread in the last 10 years"},{"startTime":9357.366,"endTime":9362.1,"body":"is the instinct to declare somebody"},{"startTime":9362.1,"endTime":9363.733,"body":"beyond the pale and"},{"startTime":9363.733,"endTime":9366.066,"body":"therefore not hearable."},{"startTime":9366.466,"endTime":9367.866,"body":"And you know, we've talked"},{"startTime":9367.866,"endTime":9368.7,"body":"about a number of things."},{"startTime":9368.866,"endTime":9371.0,"body":"One, there's what I would call the"},{"startTime":9371.0,"endTime":9373.266,"body":"\"synquinon of woke,\" which is the desire"},{"startTime":9373.266,"endTime":9375.966,"body":"to cancel and vanish, right?"},{"startTime":9375.966,"endTime":9377.266,"body":"So that person cannot be heard."},{"startTime":9377.533,"endTime":9379.333,"body":"That person is sufficiently wrong that"},{"startTime":9379.333,"endTime":9380.366,"body":"they shouldn't be heard."},{"startTime":9381.466,"endTime":9384.333,"body":"Sorry, you just cheated, right?"},{"startTime":9384.833,"endTime":9385.533,"body":"They don't, we don't"},{"startTime":9385.533,"endTime":9386.166,"body":"need to worry about it."},{"startTime":9386.166,"endTime":9388.033,"body":"If they're sufficiently wrong, them being"},{"startTime":9388.033,"endTime":9389.0,"body":"heard is not a problem"},{"startTime":9389.0,"endTime":9390.066,"body":"because it will be obvious."},{"startTime":9390.533,"endTime":9391.633,"body":"And it is the fact that they are not"},{"startTime":9391.633,"endTime":9393.633,"body":"sufficiently wrong that has you deciding"},{"startTime":9393.633,"endTime":9394.733,"body":"to banish them so that"},{"startTime":9394.733,"endTime":9395.5,"body":"nobody can hear them."},{"startTime":9396.466,"endTime":9397.766,"body":"Let us remember that"},{"startTime":9397.766,"endTime":9399.5,"body":"sunlight is the best disinfectant."},{"startTime":9400.133,"endTime":9400.533,"body":"It is."},{"startTime":9401.333,"endTime":9405.566,"body":"And the point is, look, the desire to"},{"startTime":9405.566,"endTime":9407.799,"body":"exclude them from the conversation means"},{"startTime":9407.799,"endTime":9409.766,"body":"that if they are wrong, the ability to"},{"startTime":9409.766,"endTime":9410.366,"body":"bring them back into"},{"startTime":9410.366,"endTime":9411.833,"body":"the conversation banishes."},{"startTime":9412.333,"endTime":9413.166,"body":"It's not like through"},{"startTime":9413.166,"endTime":9414.633,"body":"dialogue you can persuade them."},{"startTime":9414.966,"endTime":9415.833,"body":"It's like, no, you"},{"startTime":9415.833,"endTime":9416.666,"body":"mustn't listen to them."},{"startTime":9417.033,"endTime":9418.2,"body":"And if you do listen to them, the other"},{"startTime":9418.2,"endTime":9421.066,"body":"thing, not just woke, but the idea, if"},{"startTime":9421.066,"endTime":9424.333,"body":"you don't see why that person is stark"},{"startTime":9424.333,"endTime":9425.666,"body":"raving mad, then"},{"startTime":9425.666,"endTime":9427.233,"body":"you're stark raving mad too."},{"startTime":9427.566,"endTime":9428.066,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":9428.066,"endTime":9429.233,"body":"Or too dumb, or"},{"startTime":9429.233,"endTime":9430.733,"body":"whatever the recommendation is."},{"startTime":9431.399,"endTime":9435.666,"body":"So the point is why the ability,"},{"startTime":9438.366,"endTime":9440.066,"body":"all of the folks who don't want to face"},{"startTime":9440.066,"endTime":9443.233,"body":"their role in COVID, and most of us did"},{"startTime":9443.233,"endTime":9445.266,"body":"stuff we should not be happy about"},{"startTime":9445.266,"endTime":9446.033,"body":"because it wasn't right."},{"startTime":9447.066,"endTime":9449.533,"body":"But most people don't want to face their"},{"startTime":9449.533,"endTime":9452.166,"body":"errors because the errors are too great."},{"startTime":9452.566,"endTime":9454.6,"body":"They carry fears or something like that."},{"startTime":9455.333,"endTime":9459.333,"body":"And the requirement that we be able to"},{"startTime":9459.333,"endTime":9463.0,"body":"hear the perspective of people who were"},{"startTime":9463.0,"endTime":9465.933,"body":"shunned in order that we can"},{"startTime":9467.033,"endTime":9468.833,"body":"things back together and have a society"},{"startTime":9468.833,"endTime":9470.766,"body":"that works is essential."},{"startTime":9470.966,"endTime":9473.666,"body":"And so the thing that caused the"},{"startTime":9473.666,"endTime":9475.933,"body":"breakdown to work the way it did is now"},{"startTime":9475.933,"endTime":9477.733,"body":"trying to prevent the reconciliation."},{"startTime":9478.066,"endTime":9482.366,"body":"And what you're doing is breaching the"},{"startTime":9482.366,"endTime":9485.966,"body":"firewall by saying, hey, take a look at"},{"startTime":9485.966,"endTime":9488.333,"body":"this as it looked from the side of the"},{"startTime":9488.333,"endTime":9490.299,"body":"excluded and banished and"},{"startTime":9490.299,"endTime":9492.633,"body":"injured and all of that."},{"startTime":9492.633,"endTime":9493.666,"body":"And I just think it's..."},{"startTime":9494.166,"endTime":9497.133,"body":"And, you know, as I say, it's not,"},{"startTime":9498.233,"endTime":9499.6,"body":"there is, there's"},{"startTime":9499.6,"endTime":9500.766,"body":"literal tragedy, of course."},{"startTime":9501.533,"endTime":9505.0,"body":"But there are people here"},{"startTime":9505.0,"endTime":9506.299,"body":"not on the side that you think."},{"startTime":9507.033,"endTime":9507.866,"body":"There are stories,"},{"startTime":9509.233,"endTime":9510.733,"body":"almost every story has"},{"startTime":9510.733,"endTime":9512.333,"body":"nuance that is unexpected."},{"startTime":9513.266,"endTime":9516.6,"body":"And I think I'm wrestling most at the"},{"startTime":9516.6,"endTime":9519.433,"body":"moment with this question of memory that,"},{"startTime":9519.433,"endTime":9520.933,"body":"you know, I published a few very"},{"startTime":9520.933,"endTime":9522.0,"body":"important stories from"},{"startTime":9522.0,"endTime":9524.466,"body":"people in the moment at the time."},{"startTime":9526.0,"endTime":9529.0,"body":"And just as when I have asked authors to"},{"startTime":9529.0,"endTime":9530.133,"body":"go back and check their records, their"},{"startTime":9530.133,"endTime":9532.466,"body":"notes, their journals, whatever,"},{"startTime":9533.633,"endTime":9536.799,"body":"they have to a person discovered that"},{"startTime":9536.799,"endTime":9538.433,"body":"other things that were immaterial, that"},{"startTime":9538.433,"endTime":9540.166,"body":"don't matter for the particular story,"},{"startTime":9540.633,"endTime":9541.933,"body":"they had misremembered, they had"},{"startTime":9541.933,"endTime":9543.466,"body":"collapsed things, they had, you know,"},{"startTime":9543.466,"endTime":9544.733,"body":"this is what memory does."},{"startTime":9544.733,"endTime":9545.899,"body":"We don't have the capacity"},{"startTime":9545.899,"endTime":9547.466,"body":"to store every single thing."},{"startTime":9547.466,"endTime":9549.466,"body":"We would become incapable of recognizing"},{"startTime":9549.466,"endTime":9551.433,"body":"pattern in addition to just not having"},{"startTime":9551.766,"endTime":9554.033,"body":"the computing capacity."},{"startTime":9555.133,"endTime":9556.833,"body":"So we think that what"},{"startTime":9556.833,"endTime":9557.899,"body":"we remember is true."},{"startTime":9559.0,"endTime":9560.233,"body":"It often is not."},{"startTime":9560.866,"endTime":9562.533,"body":"We often remember interpretation when we"},{"startTime":9562.533,"endTime":9563.7,"body":"think we are remembering fact."},{"startTime":9564.866,"endTime":9566.533,"body":"Part of what it is to be walking around"},{"startTime":9566.533,"endTime":9568.033,"body":"the world attempting to think about it"},{"startTime":9568.033,"endTime":9569.133,"body":"scientifically is to try"},{"startTime":9569.133,"endTime":9570.533,"body":"to make that distinction."},{"startTime":9570.533,"endTime":9571.333,"body":"Like, what did I observe"},{"startTime":9571.333,"endTime":9572.366,"body":"and what do I think it means?"},{"startTime":9572.633,"endTime":9573.766,"body":"Observe interpretation,"},{"startTime":9574.0,"endTime":9574.833,"body":"observe interpretation."},{"startTime":9574.833,"endTime":9576.133,"body":"They're different things."},{"startTime":9576.666,"endTime":9577.833,"body":"And all of us"},{"startTime":9577.833,"endTime":9578.966,"body":"conflate them to some degree."},{"startTime":9578.966,"endTime":9579.933,"body":"And the more time has"},{"startTime":9579.933,"endTime":9581.833,"body":"elapsed, the more we do so."},{"startTime":9582.633,"endTime":9587.466,"body":"But you can see with such clarity with"},{"startTime":9587.466,"endTime":9589.633,"body":"regard to this era that is not that long"},{"startTime":9589.633,"endTime":9593.133,"body":"ago how we have remembered things and"},{"startTime":9593.133,"endTime":9595.299,"body":"what is actually true and when they match"},{"startTime":9595.299,"endTime":9596.233,"body":"and when they don't."},{"startTime":9596.666,"endTime":9600.0,"body":"And the need to remember is more urgent"},{"startTime":9600.0,"endTime":9600.966,"body":"than ever, I would say."},{"startTime":9601.666,"endTime":9603.933,"body":"Let me just read a small excerpt from the"},{"startTime":9603.933,"endTime":9604.866,"body":"first story that I published."},{"startTime":9604.866,"endTime":9607.033,"body":"A piece called The"},{"startTime":9607.033,"endTime":9609.833,"body":"Symptoms I Carry by Heidi Brandes."},{"startTime":9610.266,"endTime":9611.133,"body":"A great piece."},{"startTime":9611.133,"endTime":9611.866,"body":"All of these are."},{"startTime":9611.866,"endTime":9615.533,"body":"And I didn't make mention of all the ones"},{"startTime":9615.533,"endTime":9616.566,"body":"I've published or any of"},{"startTime":9616.566,"endTime":9617.666,"body":"the ones I haven't yet."},{"startTime":9617.666,"endTime":9618.933,"body":"And there's many more in the queue and"},{"startTime":9618.933,"endTime":9620.333,"body":"many, many dozens more I"},{"startTime":9620.333,"endTime":9621.333,"body":"haven't even looked at yet."},{"startTime":9621.933,"endTime":9623.333,"body":"So there's many more to come."},{"startTime":9623.799,"endTime":9625.866,"body":"But here's this."},{"startTime":9627.133,"endTime":9628.2,"body":"My relationship with Ash"},{"startTime":9628.2,"endTime":9630.066,"body":"lasted 28 years, she writes."},{"startTime":9630.799,"endTime":9632.266,"body":"We met at Roger State College in"},{"startTime":9632.266,"endTime":9634.066,"body":"Claremore, Oklahoma when I was barely old"},{"startTime":9634.066,"endTime":9635.633,"body":"enough to rent a car and he was a student"},{"startTime":9635.633,"endTime":9636.866,"body":"with opinions about everything."},{"startTime":9637.633,"endTime":9639.399,"body":"We bought 12 acres in Arkansas with a"},{"startTime":9639.399,"endTime":9640.733,"body":"cave on it because we were the kind of"},{"startTime":9640.733,"endTime":9642.233,"body":"people who thought owning a cave was a"},{"startTime":9642.233,"endTime":9643.233,"body":"reasonable life decision."},{"startTime":9644.266,"endTime":9645.866,"body":"We joined the Society for Creative"},{"startTime":9645.866,"endTime":9648.033,"body":"Anachronism and spent over 20 years in"},{"startTime":9648.033,"endTime":9650.033,"body":"medieval garb fighting pretend battles"},{"startTime":9650.033,"endTime":9652.033,"body":"and singing real songs around campfires"},{"startTime":9652.033,"endTime":9653.033,"body":"that burned until dawn."},{"startTime":9654.233,"endTime":9655.066,"body":"Then Trump happened."},{"startTime":9655.833,"endTime":9656.633,"body":"Then COVID happened."},{"startTime":9657.333,"endTime":9658.966,"body":"And those two catastrophes became the"},{"startTime":9658.966,"endTime":9660.733,"body":"same catastrophe, twisted together like"},{"startTime":9660.733,"endTime":9662.233,"body":"kudzu strangling a fence line."},{"startTime":9663.366,"endTime":9665.066,"body":"The argument started before the pandemic."},{"startTime":9665.833,"endTime":9667.266,"body":"They started with an election and a red"},{"startTime":9667.266,"endTime":9668.633,"body":"hat in a country that seemed to be"},{"startTime":9668.633,"endTime":9669.466,"body":"splitting down the middle"},{"startTime":9669.466,"endTime":9670.666,"body":"like a log under an axe."},{"startTime":9671.633,"endTime":9673.833,"body":"Ash was a conservative, not a flag waving"},{"startTime":9673.833,"endTime":9675.333,"body":"extremist, but a man who believed in"},{"startTime":9675.333,"endTime":9676.799,"body":"personal responsibility and small"},{"startTime":9676.799,"endTime":9678.333,"body":"government and leaving people alone to"},{"startTime":9678.333,"endTime":9679.166,"body":"make their own choices."},{"startTime":9680.033,"endTime":9681.033,"body":"I am a liberal."},{"startTime":9681.7,"endTime":9682.833,"body":"I believe the government should help"},{"startTime":9682.833,"endTime":9684.1,"body":"people who cannot help themselves."},{"startTime":9684.899,"endTime":9686.6,"body":"For most of our 28 years, that difference"},{"startTime":9686.6,"endTime":9687.366,"body":"had been manageable."},{"startTime":9688.033,"endTime":9688.933,"body":"We sharpened each other."},{"startTime":9689.233,"endTime":9690.7,"body":"We argued over dinner and went to bed"},{"startTime":9690.7,"endTime":9691.766,"body":"together to cuddle anyway."},{"startTime":9693.033,"endTime":9693.866,"body":"But something changed"},{"startTime":9693.866,"endTime":9694.833,"body":"when the pandemic hit."},{"startTime":9695.566,"endTime":9697.033,"body":"The virus became a loyalty test."},{"startTime":9697.733,"endTime":9698.866,"body":"You were either afraid of"},{"startTime":9698.866,"endTime":9700.133,"body":"COVID or afraid of tyranny."},{"startTime":9700.633,"endTime":9701.933,"body":"And there was no middle ground."},{"startTime":9703.166,"endTime":9704.066,"body":"Ash called it overblown."},{"startTime":9704.433,"endTime":9705.299,"body":"I called him heartless."},{"startTime":9705.666,"endTime":9707.399,"body":"He said I was being manipulated by fear."},{"startTime":9707.833,"endTime":9708.633,"body":"I said he was being"},{"startTime":9708.633,"endTime":9709.666,"body":"manipulated by propaganda."},{"startTime":9710.366,"endTime":9711.666,"body":"He dismissed the death tolls."},{"startTime":9711.966,"endTime":9713.733,"body":"I dismissed his concerns about lockdowns,"},{"startTime":9713.733,"endTime":9714.933,"body":"destroying livelihoods."},{"startTime":9715.233,"endTime":9716.566,"body":"Every conversation became a battlefield"},{"startTime":9716.799,"endTime":9717.733,"body":"and neither of us knew"},{"startTime":9717.733,"endTime":9718.766,"body":"how to lay down our weapons."},{"startTime":9719.833,"endTime":9721.066,"body":"I was not innocent in this."},{"startTime":9721.566,"endTime":9722.633,"body":"I need to say that clearly."},{"startTime":9723.066,"endTime":9724.633,"body":"When he went low, I went low."},{"startTime":9725.266,"endTime":9726.566,"body":"When he said something cruel about"},{"startTime":9726.566,"endTime":9727.466,"body":"liberals, I said something"},{"startTime":9727.466,"endTime":9728.299,"body":"cruel about conservatives."},{"startTime":9728.766,"endTime":9730.433,"body":"I called him names I am not proud of."},{"startTime":9730.666,"endTime":9732.266,"body":"I mocked his news sources with the same"},{"startTime":9732.266,"endTime":9733.366,"body":"contempt he showed for mine."},{"startTime":9733.833,"endTime":9735.266,"body":"We were two people who had loved each"},{"startTime":9735.266,"endTime":9737.066,"body":"other for nearly three decades and we"},{"startTime":9737.066,"endTime":9738.666,"body":"could not stop drawing blood."},{"startTime":9739.5,"endTime":9741.233,"body":"The truth is that we were both scared."},{"startTime":9741.833,"endTime":9743.833,"body":"He was scared of losing his freedom, his"},{"startTime":9743.833,"endTime":9745.033,"body":"livelihood, and his sense"},{"startTime":9745.033,"endTime":9746.366,"body":"of control over his own life."},{"startTime":9747.233,"endTime":9748.833,"body":"I was scared of losing my mother, my"},{"startTime":9748.833,"endTime":9750.133,"body":"friends, common decency, and the"},{"startTime":9750.133,"endTime":9751.233,"body":"vulnerable people I loved."},{"startTime":9751.633,"endTime":9753.233,"body":"Neither of us could see past our own fear"},{"startTime":9753.233,"endTime":9753.833,"body":"long enough to"},{"startTime":9753.833,"endTime":9754.833,"body":"recognize the other persons."},{"startTime":9756.566,"endTime":9758.033,"body":"We turned our terror into anger because"},{"startTime":9758.033,"endTime":9760.266,"body":"anger felt stronger and we aimed that"},{"startTime":9760.266,"endTime":9761.933,"body":"anger at the person sleeping next to us"},{"startTime":9761.933,"endTime":9763.166,"body":"because they were the closest target."},{"startTime":9764.066,"endTime":9765.666,"body":"After 28 years, we were done."},{"startTime":9766.666,"endTime":9767.533,"body":"The virus we both"},{"startTime":9767.533,"endTime":9769.266,"body":"avoided killed us anyway."},{"startTime":9769.266,"endTime":9770.933,"body":"(00.11.00)"},{"startTime":9772.066,"endTime":9772.233,"body":"Wow."},{"startTime":9773.7,"endTime":9773.733,"body":"(00.11.00)"},{"startTime":9773.966,"endTime":9775.866,"body":"She's also an extraordinary writer,"},{"startTime":9776.1,"endTime":9777.766,"body":"obviously, in the entire stories."},{"startTime":9778.666,"endTime":9779.2,"body":"Extraordinary,"},{"startTime":9780.833,"endTime":9782.366,"body":"as is every story I'm publishing here,"},{"startTime":9782.366,"endTime":9785.233,"body":"but this to me felt like a perfect place"},{"startTime":9785.233,"endTime":9787.5,"body":"to start the project, the COVID era"},{"startTime":9787.5,"endTime":9788.833,"body":"stories project, and to"},{"startTime":9788.833,"endTime":9789.733,"body":"finish the discussion,"},{"startTime":9790.866,"endTime":9792.066,"body":"or at least this part of the discussion"},{"startTime":9792.066,"endTime":9795.933,"body":"today, because these were not two"},{"startTime":9795.933,"endTime":9796.766,"body":"individuals who were"},{"startTime":9796.833,"endTime":9798.233,"body":"directly harmed by a virus."},{"startTime":9798.866,"endTime":9800.133,"body":"Didn't have anything to say, at least to"},{"startTime":9800.133,"endTime":9802.466,"body":"me, about where the virus came from,"},{"startTime":9802.933,"endTime":9804.833,"body":"about the vaccines, about"},{"startTime":9804.833,"endTime":9806.166,"body":"the mandates, about the masks."},{"startTime":9807.733,"endTime":9810.333,"body":"It was the two of them who could not see"},{"startTime":9810.333,"endTime":9813.133,"body":"the humanity behind the people, the other"},{"startTime":9813.133,"endTime":9813.899,"body":"whom they had loved"},{"startTime":9813.899,"endTime":9815.566,"body":"for almost three decades."},{"startTime":9816.366,"endTime":9816.833,"body":"And it's done."},{"startTime":9817.166,"endTime":9817.666,"body":"It's over."},{"startTime":9817.666,"endTime":9817.799,"body":"(00.12.00) Yeah."},{"startTime":9817.799,"endTime":9819.333,"body":"That's stunning."},{"startTime":9819.833,"endTime":9824.799,"body":"They were victims of the virus, the"},{"startTime":9824.799,"endTime":9826.733,"body":"psy-op, the phony pandemic,"},{"startTime":9827.133,"endTime":9829.299,"body":"the politics surrounding it."},{"startTime":9829.833,"endTime":9837.066,"body":"This idea that you're two people and that"},{"startTime":9837.066,"endTime":9838.5,"body":"you have a relationship, and that"},{"startTime":9838.5,"endTime":9840.233,"body":"relationship is a thing unto itself."},{"startTime":9840.766,"endTime":9843.366,"body":"And the point is the relationship can be"},{"startTime":9843.366,"endTime":9846.333,"body":"destroyed by external forces."},{"startTime":9846.333,"endTime":9848.433,"body":"And actually, it's vitally important that"},{"startTime":9848.433,"endTime":9851.033,"body":"you both understand that it"},{"startTime":9851.033,"endTime":9852.566,"body":"has to be managed as a thing."},{"startTime":9852.566,"endTime":9853.5,"body":"It has to be protected."},{"startTime":9853.966,"endTime":9854.633,"body":"It has to ..."},{"startTime":9854.966,"endTime":9855.899,"body":"It can be wounded, and"},{"startTime":9855.899,"endTime":9856.866,"body":"it needs to be fixed."},{"startTime":9857.966,"endTime":9861.7,"body":"And obviously, that's a tragic story,"},{"startTime":9861.7,"endTime":9863.2,"body":"even though no one died."},{"startTime":9864.166,"endTime":9868.333,"body":"I think it actually stands in very well"},{"startTime":9868.333,"endTime":9869.866,"body":"for what happened to many, many"},{"startTime":9869.866,"endTime":9871.733,"body":"relationships during"},{"startTime":9871.733,"endTime":9872.866,"body":"the so-called pandemic."},{"startTime":9873.266,"endTime":9873.299,"body":"(00.13.00)"},{"startTime":9873.299,"endTime":9873.433,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":9873.433,"endTime":9875.066,"body":"Even the ones in which the people are"},{"startTime":9875.066,"endTime":9876.733,"body":"still nominally together."},{"startTime":9878.166,"endTime":9880.766,"body":"But there are many more walking wounded"},{"startTime":9880.766,"endTime":9882.566,"body":"than there were before."},{"startTime":9883.033,"endTime":9883.066,"body":"(00.13.00)"},{"startTime":9883.266,"endTime":9887.966,"body":"And if everybody would look at their own"},{"startTime":9887.966,"endTime":9891.066,"body":"performance with the benefit of"},{"startTime":9891.066,"endTime":9894.433,"body":"hindsight, how much more immune could we"},{"startTime":9894.433,"endTime":9896.399,"body":"be to this bullshit when it happens in"},{"startTime":9896.399,"endTime":9899.799,"body":"the future, rather than rationalizing"},{"startTime":9899.799,"endTime":9901.7,"body":"that we had our reasons for doing what we"},{"startTime":9901.7,"endTime":9902.799,"body":"did, and if the fact ..."},{"startTime":9902.833,"endTime":9904.866,"body":"Sam Harris, if the facts had been"},{"startTime":9904.866,"endTime":9905.833,"body":"different, I would have been right."},{"startTime":9906.299,"endTime":9909.433,"body":"That kind of logic means that the"},{"startTime":9909.433,"endTime":9912.066,"body":"vulnerability remains, and it'll switch"},{"startTime":9912.066,"endTime":9913.766,"body":"topics, but it's going to come back."},{"startTime":9914.733,"endTime":9917.066,"body":"So you want to choose to either pay the"},{"startTime":9917.066,"endTime":9920.2,"body":"cost of facing what you did, or not pay"},{"startTime":9920.2,"endTime":9922.433,"body":"that cost, and face it again next time."},{"startTime":9923.666,"endTime":9923.966,"body":"(00.14.00)"},{"startTime":9923.966,"endTime":9926.733,"body":"And figure out how to look at least one"},{"startTime":9926.733,"endTime":9928.733,"body":"person in your life, and better if it can"},{"startTime":9928.733,"endTime":9930.233,"body":"be more than one, but at least one person"},{"startTime":9930.233,"endTime":9930.933,"body":"in your life in the"},{"startTime":9930.933,"endTime":9934.033,"body":"eyes when you disagree."},{"startTime":9937.333,"endTime":9938.333,"body":"And say a few things."},{"startTime":9939.133,"endTime":9940.899,"body":"Say, \"We disagree."},{"startTime":9941.266,"endTime":9943.433,"body":"Let's figure out what the basis of that"},{"startTime":9943.433,"endTime":9944.333,"body":"is, because maybe I'm"},{"startTime":9944.333,"endTime":9945.2,"body":"wrong, and maybe you're wrong.\""},{"startTime":9946.933,"endTime":9948.133,"body":"And maybe neither of us is wrong, or"},{"startTime":9948.133,"endTime":9949.433,"body":"maybe both of us is wrong, and neither of"},{"startTime":9949.433,"endTime":9950.399,"body":"us is going to change our minds."},{"startTime":9950.833,"endTime":9951.633,"body":"And if that's the case,"},{"startTime":9953.799,"endTime":9955.433,"body":"maybe this is the death knell of the"},{"startTime":9955.433,"endTime":9956.766,"body":"relationship, but there's a really good"},{"startTime":9956.766,"endTime":9958.233,"body":"chance it's not, that this is just a"},{"startTime":9958.233,"endTime":9960.299,"body":"disagreement, and that that has nothing"},{"startTime":9960.299,"endTime":9963.1,"body":"to do with how you and I feel about one"},{"startTime":9963.1,"endTime":9965.033,"body":"another, and about the nature of our"},{"startTime":9965.033,"endTime":9967.833,"body":"relationship, and about whether or not we"},{"startTime":9967.833,"endTime":9970.466,"body":"are together in this going forward into"},{"startTime":9970.466,"endTime":9973.7,"body":"this wild and woolly world in which it is"},{"startTime":9973.7,"endTime":9976.966,"body":"beyond useful and wonderful to have"},{"startTime":9976.966,"endTime":9979.333,"body":"someone by your side whom you know has"},{"startTime":9979.333,"endTime":9981.266,"body":"your back, even if they"},{"startTime":9981.266,"endTime":9982.633,"body":"sometimes disagree with you."},{"startTime":9983.733,"endTime":9984.466,"body":"(00.15.00) Yeah, it's essential."},{"startTime":9984.866,"endTime":9986.899,"body":"I mean, it's like a core feature of being"},{"startTime":9986.899,"endTime":9991.466,"body":"a human being, and modernity has rendered"},{"startTime":9991.466,"endTime":9996.7,"body":"these things not automatic anymore."},{"startTime":9997.133,"endTime":9998.466,"body":"People don't automatically generate a"},{"startTime":9998.466,"endTime":10000.133,"body":"relationship that has the proper"},{"startTime":10000.133,"endTime":10001.399,"body":"characteristics, and it's"},{"startTime":10001.399,"endTime":10003.733,"body":"such a spectacular loss."},{"startTime":10004.333,"endTime":10005.899,"body":"(00.15.00) Yeah, it is."},{"startTime":10008.399,"endTime":10010.566,"body":"So I had said last time that I wanted us"},{"startTime":10010.566,"endTime":10012.5,"body":"to come back to something beautiful, and"},{"startTime":10012.5,"endTime":10012.966,"body":"you said you were"},{"startTime":10012.966,"endTime":10013.966,"body":"going to, and you did not."},{"startTime":10016.033,"endTime":10020.533,"body":"And I thought that there was, in a way,"},{"startTime":10020.833,"endTime":10023.466,"body":"that there is hope here, that there is"},{"startTime":10023.466,"endTime":10028.233,"body":"hope in these memories, because we are"},{"startTime":10028.233,"endTime":10033.399,"body":"still human, despite everything that is"},{"startTime":10033.399,"endTime":10034.299,"body":"happening in the world."},{"startTime":10034.299,"endTime":10035.899,"body":"We are still individual humans who are"},{"startTime":10035.933,"endTime":10038.466,"body":"interacting with one another as much as"},{"startTime":10038.466,"endTime":10042.233,"body":"possible in real time and space, and are"},{"startTime":10042.233,"endTime":10043.933,"body":"accountable to ourselves and each other."},{"startTime":10044.833,"endTime":10047.433,"body":"And these stories help us remember our"},{"startTime":10047.433,"endTime":10049.833,"body":"recent history is just that it is in the"},{"startTime":10049.833,"endTime":10051.466,"body":"past, but it is just"},{"startTime":10051.466,"endTime":10052.799,"body":"just yesterday, practically."},{"startTime":10054.033,"endTime":10057.666,"body":"So as non-existent emergencies get"},{"startTime":10057.666,"endTime":10060.1,"body":"invoked in the state of Washington, and"},{"startTime":10060.1,"endTime":10062.866,"body":"possibly genocidal threats are made by"},{"startTime":10063.766,"endTime":10068.033,"body":"leader of the free world, and LLMs that"},{"startTime":10068.033,"endTime":10070.899,"body":"may or may not be able to initiate"},{"startTime":10070.899,"endTime":10074.533,"body":"catastrophic worldwide computing crisis"},{"startTime":10074.533,"endTime":10077.533,"body":"are not yet released onto the world."},{"startTime":10078.166,"endTime":10081.0,"body":"We can remember who we have been and what"},{"startTime":10081.0,"endTime":10082.1,"body":"we are capable of and"},{"startTime":10082.1,"endTime":10082.899,"body":"be good to one another."},{"startTime":10083.933,"endTime":10084.033,"body":"(00.16.00)"},{"startTime":10084.033,"endTime":10084.666,"body":"Yeah, absolutely."},{"startTime":10085.2,"endTime":10087.766,"body":"And at some level, you know, if the"},{"startTime":10087.766,"endTime":10090.366,"body":"lights can go off at any moment, it is"},{"startTime":10090.366,"endTime":10092.833,"body":"obviously the most important thing that"},{"startTime":10092.833,"endTime":10095.966,"body":"when the lights go off, you do not have"},{"startTime":10095.966,"endTime":10097.766,"body":"to discover the people you are trapped"},{"startTime":10097.766,"endTime":10100.5,"body":"with that actually established your"},{"startTime":10100.5,"endTime":10101.866,"body":"relationships and the"},{"startTime":10101.866,"endTime":10102.666,"body":"lights are incidental."},{"startTime":10103.466,"endTime":10105.533,"body":"(00.17.00) I mean, that is actually perfect."},{"startTime":10106.1,"endTime":10106.299,"body":"Imagine."},{"startTime":10106.766,"endTime":10108.633,"body":"Like the lights literally go off, and it"},{"startTime":10108.633,"endTime":10111.066,"body":"is, you know, winter in the north, and so"},{"startTime":10111.066,"endTime":10113.166,"body":"there is a lot of darkness, and you"},{"startTime":10113.166,"endTime":10115.766,"body":"realize that there is individuals with"},{"startTime":10115.766,"endTime":10117.666,"body":"you, you do not actually know."},{"startTime":10117.966,"endTime":10118.933,"body":"You do not know what they think."},{"startTime":10118.933,"endTime":10119.399,"body":"They do not know what"},{"startTime":10119.399,"endTime":10120.033,"body":"they are going to do."},{"startTime":10120.033,"endTime":10121.066,"body":"You do not know what they are capable of."},{"startTime":10121.466,"endTime":10122.466,"body":"That is not where you want to be."},{"startTime":10122.666,"endTime":10122.7,"body":"(00.17.00)"},{"startTime":10122.7,"endTime":10123.266,"body":"No."},{"startTime":10123.266,"endTime":10125.266,"body":"No, you want to establish your humanity,"},{"startTime":10125.266,"endTime":10126.466,"body":"because it is the right thing to do,"},{"startTime":10126.466,"endTime":10127.733,"body":"because it improves your life, and you"},{"startTime":10127.733,"endTime":10129.866,"body":"want to do it while it is easy to do,"},{"startTime":10129.866,"endTime":10131.399,"body":"because the bombs are not raining down,"},{"startTime":10131.399,"endTime":10132.833,"body":"and the lights are still on, and there is"},{"startTime":10132.833,"endTime":10134.966,"body":"food in the grocery store, and there is"},{"startTime":10134.966,"endTime":10137.133,"body":"plenty of helium to run the, whatever"},{"startTime":10137.133,"endTime":10138.2,"body":"they run helium with."},{"startTime":10139.299,"endTime":10139.333,"body":"(00.18.00)"},{"startTime":10139.333,"endTime":10140.166,"body":"What is the helium store?"},{"startTime":10141.666,"endTime":10146.233,"body":"It is used for high-powered computing and"},{"startTime":10146.233,"endTime":10147.366,"body":"certain medical technology."},{"startTime":10147.666,"endTime":10148.866,"body":"Yes, but why is it coming up now?"},{"startTime":10149.533,"endTime":10154.366,"body":"Just because it is, I do not mean to"},{"startTime":10154.366,"endTime":10155.466,"body":"disrupt what we were on."},{"startTime":10155.466,"endTime":10156.566,"body":"I think it was much more important."},{"startTime":10157.466,"endTime":10161.133,"body":"But the point is, many things that you do"},{"startTime":10161.133,"endTime":10163.399,"body":"not realize are dependent on helium are,"},{"startTime":10163.399,"endTime":10165.766,"body":"and so the fact that some war half-world"},{"startTime":10165.766,"endTime":10167.799,"body":"away is disrupting the world supply-"},{"startTime":10167.799,"endTime":10167.833,"body":"(00.19.00)"},{"startTime":10167.833,"endTime":10168.466,"body":"But that is what I am asking."},{"startTime":10168.766,"endTime":10170.899,"body":"You just keep alighting the thing that"},{"startTime":10170.899,"endTime":10171.7,"body":"you are talking about."},{"startTime":10171.7,"endTime":10172.5,"body":"What is going on with helium?"},{"startTime":10173.166,"endTime":10175.233,"body":"(00.19.00) It is not flowing through the Straits"},{"startTime":10175.233,"endTime":10184.766,"body":"of"},{"startTime":10184.766,"endTime":10187.633,"body":"Harm (00.19.00)"},{"startTime":10187.633,"endTime":10188.066,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":10188.299,"endTime":10188.733,"body":"Yeah, helium."},{"startTime":10189.1,"endTime":10189.299,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":10190.666,"endTime":10192.1,"body":"You are going to talk like some helium?"},{"startTime":10192.433,"endTime":10192.633,"body":"No."},{"startTime":10193.033,"endTime":10194.633,"body":"(00.19.00) I cannot do that."},{"startTime":10194.633,"endTime":10195.233,"body":"Don't come in."},{"startTime":10195.233,"endTime":10195.266,"body":"(00.19.00)"},{"startTime":10195.266,"endTime":10195.466,"body":"No."},{"startTime":10196.233,"endTime":10197.399,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":10197.399,"endTime":10199.233,"body":"We are, we are going to sign off."},{"startTime":10199.233,"endTime":10201.833,"body":"We are going to be back here in just a"},{"startTime":10201.833,"endTime":10203.066,"body":"few minutes with a Q\u0026A."},{"startTime":10203.566,"endTime":10205.133,"body":"Consider joining us on Locals, and then"},{"startTime":10205.133,"endTime":10207.166,"body":"we will be back again on Saturday"},{"startTime":10207.333,"endTime":10208.333,"body":"(00.19.00)"},{"startTime":10208.333,"endTime":10214.066,"body":"And at 11.30 AM Pacific, as always, and"},{"startTime":10214.066,"endTime":10216.166,"body":"until you see us next time, be good to"},{"startTime":10216.166,"endTime":10217.366,"body":"the ones you love, eat"},{"startTime":10217.366,"endTime":10218.966,"body":"good food, and get outside."},{"startTime":10219.466,"endTime":10219.966,"body":"Be well, everyone."}]}