{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"startTime":3603.633,"endTime":3605.535,"body":"(Upbeat Music)"},{"startTime":3608.004,"endTime":3609.939,"body":"Hey folks, welcome to the DarkHorse"},{"startTime":3609.939,"endTime":3611.808,"body":"Podcast live stream."},{"startTime":3612.108,"endTime":3613.776,"body":"It is number 325."},{"startTime":3614.711,"endTime":3615.345,"body":"I'm Dr."},{"startTime":3615.345,"endTime":3615.712,"body":"Bret Weinstein."},{"startTime":3616.045,"endTime":3616.813,"body":"You of course are Dr."},{"startTime":3617.046,"endTime":3617.347,"body":"Heather Heying."},{"startTime":3618.881,"endTime":3621.284,"body":"We are going to talk about this"},{"startTime":3621.284,"endTime":3622.485,"body":"Hantavirus situation."},{"startTime":3622.952,"endTime":3626.255,"body":"I think you will get a view here that is"},{"startTime":3626.255,"endTime":3629.225,"body":"different from what you hear elsewhere."},{"startTime":3629.225,"endTime":3631.294,"body":"We're gonna do some integrating of"},{"startTime":3631.294,"endTime":3635.531,"body":"evolutionary biology with some of the"},{"startTime":3635.531,"endTime":3637.433,"body":"value we got from the graduate level"},{"startTime":3637.433,"endTime":3638.434,"body":"education we were put"},{"startTime":3638.434,"endTime":3639.569,"body":"through during COVID."},{"startTime":3639.836,"endTime":3642.438,"body":"So we've learned some of the propaganda"},{"startTime":3642.438,"endTime":3644.974,"body":"tricks and some of the medical and public"},{"startTime":3644.974,"endTime":3646.843,"body":"health tricks, and we're trying to divine"},{"startTime":3646.843,"endTime":3648.978,"body":"what is going on with this strange story."},{"startTime":3649.245,"endTime":3650.913,"body":"So that is upcoming."},{"startTime":3651.648,"endTime":3652.715,"body":"I also wanna talk about the"},{"startTime":3652.715,"endTime":3653.783,"body":"drought in Washington state."},{"startTime":3654.45,"endTime":3656.686,"body":"Yes, and maybe a relationship between"},{"startTime":3656.686,"endTime":3658.187,"body":"such things, which is--"},{"startTime":3658.755,"endTime":3660.89,"body":"There is at least a thread to tie the two"},{"startTime":3660.89,"endTime":3661.891,"body":"stories together, yes."},{"startTime":3662.392,"endTime":3664.494,"body":"All right, so that's"},{"startTime":3664.494,"endTime":3665.728,"body":"all very exciting stuff."},{"startTime":3666.596,"endTime":3668.031,"body":"It's a little hard to keep it all in"},{"startTime":3668.031,"endTime":3670.366,"body":"one's head, but anyway, we're gonna do a"},{"startTime":3670.366,"endTime":3671.134,"body":"pretty good job, I"},{"startTime":3671.134,"endTime":3674.504,"body":"think, and stay tuned for it."},{"startTime":3676.706,"endTime":3678.808,"body":"At the top here, we need to..."},{"startTime":3680.643,"endTime":3682.045,"body":"You're looking at me like I've lost my"},{"startTime":3682.045,"endTime":3682.945,"body":"mind, which is probably true."},{"startTime":3683.146,"endTime":3684.847,"body":"No, you just look like you're about to"},{"startTime":3684.847,"endTime":3686.849,"body":"stop talking and not resume."},{"startTime":3687.817,"endTime":3689.819,"body":"Well, let's just say this does feel a"},{"startTime":3689.819,"endTime":3692.622,"body":"little bit like early days of COVID, but"},{"startTime":3692.622,"endTime":3695.158,"body":"with a whole lot more information about"},{"startTime":3695.158,"endTime":3696.893,"body":"the landscape that we are in."},{"startTime":3697.493,"endTime":3701.531,"body":"And so this feels important because we"},{"startTime":3701.531,"endTime":3703.666,"body":"obviously have a public health apparatus"},{"startTime":3704.767,"endTime":3706.836,"body":"that is not acting in our interests"},{"startTime":3706.836,"endTime":3711.607,"body":"generally, and it falls to you and me to"},{"startTime":3711.607,"endTime":3714.21,"body":"try to sort out what the meaning of what"},{"startTime":3714.21,"endTime":3716.012,"body":"we are told might be."},{"startTime":3716.012,"endTime":3716.913,"body":"So it feels like a lot of-- Well,"},{"startTime":3716.913,"endTime":3718.047,"body":"actually, I don't want it framed that way"},{"startTime":3718.114,"endTime":3720.45,"body":"because I don't see it as that moment,"},{"startTime":3721.05,"endTime":3722.251,"body":"and I have not been paying"},{"startTime":3722.251,"endTime":3723.686,"body":"particular attention to this."},{"startTime":3724.187,"endTime":3728.224,"body":"I think I saw more obviously that avian"},{"startTime":3728.224,"endTime":3731.027,"body":"flu was being built up as the next big"},{"startTime":3731.027,"endTime":3732.562,"body":"scourge that we would all have to be"},{"startTime":3732.562,"endTime":3735.965,"body":"terrified of and hand over all of our"},{"startTime":3735.965,"endTime":3737.633,"body":"civil liberties and other"},{"startTime":3737.633,"endTime":3739.936,"body":"rights to the apparatus for."},{"startTime":3740.57,"endTime":3742.305,"body":"This is certainly a contender for that,"},{"startTime":3742.772,"endTime":3744.507,"body":"but it doesn't, especially given what's"},{"startTime":3744.507,"endTime":3745.274,"body":"coming out of the"},{"startTime":3745.274,"endTime":3746.976,"body":"official virologist's mouths."},{"startTime":3747.81,"endTime":3749.946,"body":"They seem to be sort of actively saying,"},{"startTime":3749.946,"endTime":3751.047,"body":"oh, this isn't gonna be that."},{"startTime":3751.547,"endTime":3753.649,"body":"So that's its own kind of question, like"},{"startTime":3753.649,"endTime":3754.65,"body":"what is going on there?"},{"startTime":3754.951,"endTime":3757.253,"body":"But-- Well, that's really what I mean."},{"startTime":3757.253,"endTime":3759.021,"body":"I don't think this is going to mean,"},{"startTime":3759.522,"endTime":3761.257,"body":"first of all, COVID wasn't a pandemic"},{"startTime":3761.257,"endTime":3762.358,"body":"without them redefining"},{"startTime":3762.358,"endTime":3764.494,"body":"the term, but they did that."},{"startTime":3764.494,"endTime":3767.697,"body":"And so I wouldn't put anything past them."},{"startTime":3768.297,"endTime":3770.399,"body":"I don't think that that's where we're"},{"startTime":3770.399,"endTime":3774.504,"body":"headed here, maybe in part because people"},{"startTime":3774.504,"endTime":3776.739,"body":"did pipe up in much larger numbers"},{"startTime":3776.739,"endTime":3778.608,"body":"initially, but nonetheless, sorting out"},{"startTime":3778.608,"endTime":3781.077,"body":"the interface between the sort of public"},{"startTime":3781.077,"endTime":3786.949,"body":"dialogue and the biology is something"},{"startTime":3787.683,"endTime":3789.285,"body":"that I think we got quite good at."},{"startTime":3789.285,"endTime":3791.42,"body":"And I think those tools apply here much"},{"startTime":3791.42,"endTime":3793.422,"body":"faster than they did during COVID."},{"startTime":3793.89,"endTime":3799.262,"body":"So anyway, we'll hash it out and you'll"},{"startTime":3799.262,"endTime":3805.835,"body":"see where I think we're headed and we'll"},{"startTime":3805.835,"endTime":3806.235,"body":"lay out the details,"},{"startTime":3806.569,"endTime":3808.738,"body":"including some actionable advice."},{"startTime":3810.606,"endTime":3811.807,"body":"And afterwards, if you have questions"},{"startTime":3811.807,"endTime":3813.176,"body":"about what we're talking about today or"},{"startTime":3813.176,"endTime":3814.01,"body":"about anything else,"},{"startTime":3814.01,"endTime":3815.545,"body":"we have a Q\u0026A on Locals."},{"startTime":3815.545,"endTime":3816.212,"body":"And we've got a Locals"},{"startTime":3816.212,"endTime":3817.413,"body":"watch party going on right now."},{"startTime":3817.613,"endTime":3820.049,"body":"So join us at Locals either now or after"},{"startTime":3820.049,"endTime":3821.384,"body":"we're done here for Q\u0026A."},{"startTime":3822.151,"endTime":3824.453,"body":"And as always, we have three sponsors"},{"startTime":3824.453,"endTime":3826.189,"body":"right at the top of the hour and we're"},{"startTime":3826.189,"endTime":3827.79,"body":"gonna go ahead and do those now."},{"startTime":3828.791,"endTime":3829.892,"body":"Says here that our first"},{"startTime":3829.892,"endTime":3831.827,"body":"sponsor this week is Xlear."},{"startTime":3832.261,"endTime":3833.496,"body":"Xlear is a nasal spray that"},{"startTime":3833.496,"endTime":3834.931,"body":"supports respiratory health."},{"startTime":3834.964,"endTime":3836.966,"body":"It's widely available online and in"},{"startTime":3836.966,"endTime":3839.235,"body":"stores and both it and the company that"},{"startTime":3839.235,"endTime":3840.536,"body":"makes it are fantastic."},{"startTime":3840.97,"endTime":3842.071,"body":"It's Xlear, that's"},{"startTime":3842.071,"endTime":3844.574,"body":"X-L-E-A-R pronounced \"Clear.\""},{"startTime":3845.908,"endTime":3847.343,"body":"Improvements in sanitation hygiene have"},{"startTime":3847.343,"endTime":3849.512,"body":"led to huge impacts on human longevity"},{"startTime":3849.712,"endTime":3851.247,"body":"and quality of life throughout history,"},{"startTime":3851.681,"endTime":3852.448,"body":"more so than have"},{"startTime":3852.448,"endTime":3853.749,"body":"traditional medical advances."},{"startTime":3854.05,"endTime":3855.484,"body":"For instance, when doctors started to"},{"startTime":3855.484,"endTime":3856.886,"body":"wash their hands between handling"},{"startTime":3856.886,"endTime":3858.487,"body":"cadavers and helping women give birth,"},{"startTime":3858.955,"endTime":3859.555,"body":"the rate of maternal"},{"startTime":3859.555,"endTime":3860.623,"body":"deaths went way down."},{"startTime":3861.424,"endTime":3862.925,"body":"Breathing polluted air and drinking"},{"startTime":3862.925,"endTime":3864.427,"body":"tainted water have hugely negative"},{"startTime":3864.427,"endTime":3866.462,"body":"effects on human health, clean up the air"},{"startTime":3866.462,"endTime":3868.064,"body":"in the water and people get healthier."},{"startTime":3868.431,"endTime":3868.865,"body":"Who would have thought?"},{"startTime":3869.765,"endTime":3870.967,"body":"Nasal hygiene often gets"},{"startTime":3870.967,"endTime":3872.435,"body":"overlooked, but consider this."},{"startTime":3872.835,"endTime":3875.538,"body":"The majority of bacteria and viruses that"},{"startTime":3875.538,"endTime":3876.572,"body":"make us sick enter"},{"startTime":3876.572,"endTime":3877.94,"body":"through our mouths and noses."},{"startTime":3878.908,"endTime":3881.911,"body":"It has become a cultural norm to wash our"},{"startTime":3881.911,"endTime":3883.846,"body":"hands and that's a good thing, but it's"},{"startTime":3883.846,"endTime":3885.114,"body":"rare we get sick through our hands."},{"startTime":3885.348,"endTime":3886.115,"body":"Rather, we get sick"},{"startTime":3886.115,"endTime":3887.116,"body":"through our mouth and nose."},{"startTime":3887.717,"endTime":3888.985,"body":"So wouldn't it be valuable to use"},{"startTime":3888.985,"endTime":3891.087,"body":"something that blocks bacterial and viral"},{"startTime":3891.087,"endTime":3892.555,"body":"adhesion in the nose?"},{"startTime":3893.089,"endTime":3893.823,"body":"Enter Xlear."},{"startTime":3894.49,"endTime":3896.025,"body":"Xlear is a nasal spray that contains"},{"startTime":3896.025,"endTime":3898.995,"body":"xylitol, a five carbon sugar alcohol our"},{"startTime":3898.995,"endTime":3900.329,"body":"bodies naturally contain."},{"startTime":3901.364,"endTime":3902.932,"body":"We contain them mostly in the form of"},{"startTime":3902.932,"endTime":3904.867,"body":"ribose and deoxyribose, which are the"},{"startTime":3904.867,"endTime":3907.57,"body":"backbones of sugars in RNA and DNA."},{"startTime":3908.971,"endTime":3910.907,"body":"Xylitol is known to reduce how sticky"},{"startTime":3910.907,"endTime":3913.175,"body":"bacteria and viruses are to our tissues."},{"startTime":3913.709,"endTime":3915.745,"body":"In the presence of xylitol, bacteria and"},{"startTime":3915.745,"endTime":3918.014,"body":"viruses, including streps, SARS-CoV-2 and"},{"startTime":3918.014,"endTime":3920.85,"body":"RSV, don't adhere to our airways as well,"},{"startTime":3920.883,"endTime":3922.551,"body":"which helps our bodies natural defense"},{"startTime":3922.551,"endTime":3924.52,"body":"mechanisms easily flush them away."},{"startTime":3925.221,"endTime":3926.389,"body":"Clear is a simple nasal spray."},{"startTime":3926.756,"endTime":3927.89,"body":"Use it morning and evening."},{"startTime":3927.89,"endTime":3929.025,"body":"It takes just three seconds."},{"startTime":3929.258,"endTime":3931.327,"body":"It's fast and easy and decidedly healthy."},{"startTime":3932.295,"endTime":3934.33,"body":"Personally, I don't love taking anything"},{"startTime":3934.33,"endTime":3935.464,"body":"daily that isn't food or"},{"startTime":3935.464,"endTime":3937.033,"body":"drink, nutrition or hydration."},{"startTime":3937.733,"endTime":3938.601,"body":"So I end up forgetting."},{"startTime":3939.769,"endTime":3940.936,"body":"Apologies, I wrote that for me."},{"startTime":3940.97,"endTime":3941.671,"body":"Yeah, you did."},{"startTime":3941.671,"endTime":3942.905,"body":"And I thought maybe it"},{"startTime":3942.905,"endTime":3943.906,"body":"was just that sentence."},{"startTime":3944.874,"endTime":3947.51,"body":"So Heather ends up, Heather, who I was"},{"startTime":3947.51,"endTime":3950.813,"body":"referring to as if it was me, ends up"},{"startTime":3950.813,"endTime":3952.748,"body":"forgetting to use clear some days, but"},{"startTime":3952.748,"endTime":3955.117,"body":"whenever she is going to be traveling or"},{"startTime":3955.117,"endTime":3956.852,"body":"otherwise in small places with lots of"},{"startTime":3956.852,"endTime":3957.987,"body":"people and poor ventilation,"},{"startTime":3958.421,"endTime":3959.588,"body":"she makes sure to use clear."},{"startTime":3960.356,"endTime":3962.091,"body":"And I think I'm getting, no, I think"},{"startTime":3962.091,"endTime":3963.092,"body":"she's getting respiratory"},{"startTime":3963.092,"endTime":3965.728,"body":"infections less than she used to."},{"startTime":3965.761,"endTime":3966.829,"body":"So I will say the only reason that"},{"startTime":3966.829,"endTime":3968.097,"body":"doesn't apply to you is that you're more"},{"startTime":3968.097,"endTime":3969.031,"body":"regular in your use of it."},{"startTime":3969.065,"endTime":3969.765,"body":"Yeah, I am more"},{"startTime":3969.765,"endTime":3971.0,"body":"regular in my search of it."},{"startTime":3971.834,"endTime":3973.669,"body":"The founder of Xlear, Nathan Jones, spoke"},{"startTime":3973.669,"endTime":3976.972,"body":"with me on the inside rail in 2024 and in"},{"startTime":3976.972,"endTime":3979.842,"body":"2025, Lon Jones, osteopath and inventor"},{"startTime":3980.076,"endTime":3982.044,"body":"of Clear spoke with me about how xylitol"},{"startTime":3982.044,"endTime":3983.913,"body":"interacts with respiratory viruses."},{"startTime":3984.313,"endTime":3985.915,"body":"We recommend those conversations and we"},{"startTime":3985.915,"endTime":3987.95,"body":"highly recommend Xlear as a daily habit"},{"startTime":3988.15,"endTime":3989.118,"body":"and prophylactic"},{"startTime":3989.118,"endTime":3990.486,"body":"against respiratory illnesses."},{"startTime":3991.387,"endTime":3994.423,"body":"That's clear with an X, X-L-E-A-R, get"},{"startTime":3994.423,"endTime":3996.859,"body":"Xlear online or at your pharmacy, grocery"},{"startTime":3996.859,"endTime":3998.728,"body":"store or natural products retailer and"},{"startTime":3998.728,"endTime":4000.663,"body":"start taking six seconds a day to improve"},{"startTime":4000.663,"endTime":4001.664,"body":"your nasal hygiene and"},{"startTime":4001.664,"endTime":4003.032,"body":"support your respiratory health."},{"startTime":4005.935,"endTime":4007.036,"body":"I improved it right up for you."},{"startTime":4008.571,"endTime":4008.804,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4010.005,"endTime":4011.607,"body":"Our second sponsor this week is Fresh"},{"startTime":4011.607,"endTime":4012.641,"body":"Pressed Olive Oil Club."},{"startTime":4013.476,"endTime":4014.71,"body":"Have you ever had a relationship with a"},{"startTime":4014.71,"endTime":4016.245,"body":"product that was so uncomplicatedly"},{"startTime":4016.245,"endTime":4017.546,"body":"positive that when you get a box from"},{"startTime":4017.546,"endTime":4018.147,"body":"them, you're over the"},{"startTime":4018.147,"endTime":4018.714,"body":"moon with excitement?"},{"startTime":4019.548,"endTime":4020.216,"body":"That's how it is the"},{"startTime":4020.216,"endTime":4021.083,"body":"Fresh Pressed Olive Oil."},{"startTime":4021.417,"endTime":4023.052,"body":"Always amazing, never disappointing and"},{"startTime":4023.052,"endTime":4024.553,"body":"perennially delicious and nutritious."},{"startTime":4025.488,"endTime":4027.59,"body":"Go to getfreshdarkhorse.com and get a"},{"startTime":4027.59,"endTime":4028.691,"body":"bottle of one of the world's finest"},{"startTime":4028.824,"endTime":4030.292,"body":"artisanal olive oils for just a dollar."},{"startTime":4031.227,"endTime":4032.928,"body":"Olive oil is a succulent delicious food"},{"startTime":4032.928,"endTime":4034.53,"body":"that like pretty much all fats is best"},{"startTime":4034.53,"endTime":4036.098,"body":"when it's fresh, the fresher, the better."},{"startTime":4036.966,"endTime":4038.567,"body":"Olives are actually a fruit, making olive"},{"startTime":4038.567,"endTime":4040.369,"body":"oil a kind of fruit juice and like all"},{"startTime":4040.369,"endTime":4042.204,"body":"fruit juices, olive oil is at its peak of"},{"startTime":4042.204,"endTime":4042.972,"body":"flavor and nutritional"},{"startTime":4042.972,"endTime":4044.306,"body":"potency when it's fresh pressed."},{"startTime":4045.007,"endTime":4047.009,"body":"But most supermarket olive oil sit on the"},{"startTime":4047.009,"endTime":4048.611,"body":"shelf for months or even years, growing"},{"startTime":4048.611,"endTime":4051.313,"body":"stale, dull, flavorless, even rancid."},{"startTime":4052.048,"endTime":4053.582,"body":"The solution is to have fresh pressed"},{"startTime":4053.649,"endTime":4055.284,"body":"artisanal olive oils shipped directly to"},{"startTime":4055.284,"endTime":4057.82,"body":"you after each new harvest when the oils,"},{"startTime":4058.12,"endTime":4059.488,"body":"flavor and nutrients are at their peak."},{"startTime":4060.356,"endTime":4062.491,"body":"Once again, go to getfreshdarkhorse.com"},{"startTime":4062.491,"endTime":4063.659,"body":"and get a bottle of one of the world's"},{"startTime":4063.659,"endTime":4065.428,"body":"finest artisanal olive oils fresh from"},{"startTime":4065.428,"endTime":4066.629,"body":"the new harvest for just a dollar."},{"startTime":4067.696,"endTime":4068.998,"body":"Fresh Pressed Olive Oil Club is the"},{"startTime":4068.998,"endTime":4071.167,"body":"brainchild of TJ Robinson, also known as"},{"startTime":4071.167,"endTime":4072.034,"body":"the olive oil hunter."},{"startTime":4072.234,"endTime":4073.269,"body":"Bret has written in here, Jedi."},{"startTime":4074.703,"endTime":4075.871,"body":"But I prefer to think of"},{"startTime":4075.871,"endTime":4076.972,"body":"him as a hunter of olives."},{"startTime":4077.573,"endTime":4079.208,"body":"He brings the freshest, most flavorful,"},{"startTime":4079.208,"endTime":4080.209,"body":"nutrient rich olive oils"},{"startTime":4080.209,"endTime":4081.343,"body":"from harvest to your door."},{"startTime":4082.111,"endTime":4083.712,"body":"Olive oil is of course a cornerstone of"},{"startTime":4083.712,"endTime":4085.081,"body":"Mediterranean diets but if you've never"},{"startTime":4085.081,"endTime":4086.949,"body":"had excellent fresh olive oil, you may"},{"startTime":4086.949,"endTime":4088.15,"body":"wonder what olive fuss is about."},{"startTime":4089.018,"endTime":4090.553,"body":"TJ's farm fresh oils are incredible."},{"startTime":4091.02,"endTime":4092.688,"body":"Fat is where the flavor is and TJ's farm"},{"startTime":4092.688,"endTime":4094.49,"body":"fresh olive oils are amazingly flavorful"},{"startTime":4094.657,"endTime":4095.724,"body":"and distinct from one another."},{"startTime":4096.492,"endTime":4097.726,"body":"We've used several different varietals"},{"startTime":4097.726,"endTime":4098.594,"body":"now across a wide"},{"startTime":4098.594,"endTime":4099.662,"body":"array of delicious foods."},{"startTime":4100.096,"endTime":4101.63,"body":"As marinades on meat and for roasting"},{"startTime":4101.63,"endTime":4103.933,"body":"vegetables, fresh in salads or drizzled"},{"startTime":4103.933,"endTime":4105.568,"body":"on cold soups or on freshly grilled"},{"startTime":4105.568,"endTime":4107.937,"body":"halloumi cheese, we made olive oil cake,"},{"startTime":4107.937,"endTime":4109.672,"body":"an Italian pesto and a Venezuelan green"},{"startTime":4109.672,"endTime":4110.773,"body":"sauce rich in cilantro."},{"startTime":4111.006,"endTime":4112.541,"body":"Or this last time rich in parsley because"},{"startTime":4112.541,"endTime":4113.409,"body":"that's what I bought instead."},{"startTime":4114.41,"endTime":4115.711,"body":"Still delicious with"},{"startTime":4115.711,"endTime":4119.415,"body":"TJ's amazing olive oils."},{"startTime":4119.915,"endTime":4121.684,"body":"TJ, the olive oil Jedi."},{"startTime":4122.184,"endTime":4122.418,"body":"Apparently."},{"startTime":4122.751,"endTime":4122.952,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":4123.552,"endTime":4125.387,"body":"Every single varietal we've had is superb"},{"startTime":4125.387,"endTime":4126.956,"body":"and the health benefits of olive oil are"},{"startTime":4126.956,"endTime":4128.657,"body":"extensive from being high in antioxidants"},{"startTime":4128.891,"endTime":4130.126,"body":"to helping prevent Alzheimer's."},{"startTime":4130.126,"endTime":4132.094,"body":"This is a fabulous flavorful fat that"},{"startTime":4132.094,"endTime":4133.496,"body":"you'll never want to run out of."},{"startTime":4134.029,"endTime":4135.631,"body":"As an introduction to TJ Robinson's fresh"},{"startTime":4135.631,"endTime":4137.333,"body":"pressed olive oil club, he will send you"},{"startTime":4137.333,"endTime":4139.068,"body":"a full size $49 bottle,"},{"startTime":4140.469,"endTime":4142.705,"body":"slipping on my own tongue now, full size"},{"startTime":4142.705,"endTime":4145.007,"body":"$49 bottle of one of the world's finest"},{"startTime":4145.007,"endTime":4147.209,"body":"artisanal olive oils fresh from the new"},{"startTime":4147.209,"endTime":4148.444,"body":"harvest for just $1 to"},{"startTime":4148.444,"endTime":4149.278,"body":"help him cover shipping."},{"startTime":4149.745,"endTime":4150.446,"body":"And there's no commitment"},{"startTime":4150.446,"endTime":4151.947,"body":"to buy anything now or ever."},{"startTime":4152.448,"endTime":4154.783,"body":"Get your free $49 bottle for just $1"},{"startTime":4154.783,"endTime":4155.651,"body":"shipping and taste the"},{"startTime":4155.651,"endTime":4156.619,"body":"difference freshness makes."},{"startTime":4157.086,"endTime":4158.988,"body":"Go to getfreshdarkhorse.com."},{"startTime":4159.154,"endTime":4161.323,"body":"That's getfreshdarkhorse.com for a free"},{"startTime":4161.323,"endTime":4163.325,"body":"bottle and pay just $1 shipping."},{"startTime":4164.026,"endTime":4166.128,"body":"Anybody who hasn't taken that deal yet,"},{"startTime":4166.128,"endTime":4167.93,"body":"you gotta wonder like what would it take?"},{"startTime":4168.731,"endTime":4168.931,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":4168.998,"endTime":4169.665,"body":"Like does he have to come"},{"startTime":4169.665,"endTime":4170.332,"body":"to your house personally?"},{"startTime":4170.599,"endTime":4171.433,"body":"He's not gonna do that."},{"startTime":4172.134,"endTime":4172.535,"body":"We promise."},{"startTime":4174.97,"endTime":4177.606,"body":"I mean, he's a great guy, but you just"},{"startTime":4177.606,"endTime":4179.408,"body":"don't want, you just don't want to start"},{"startTime":4179.408,"endTime":4181.41,"body":"inviting random people selling products"},{"startTime":4181.41,"endTime":4182.411,"body":"to your house, I don't think."},{"startTime":4182.444,"endTime":4183.612,"body":"I would invite him."},{"startTime":4183.612,"endTime":4185.114,"body":"I mean, he'd probably bring olive oil."},{"startTime":4185.214,"endTime":4186.081,"body":"You can come to our house."},{"startTime":4186.215,"endTime":4186.682,"body":"Yeah, oh, anytime."},{"startTime":4186.682,"endTime":4187.349,"body":"He just want to come to"},{"startTime":4187.349,"endTime":4188.25,"body":"everyone else's house."},{"startTime":4188.484,"endTime":4191.02,"body":"I wouldn't put him to the work, but you"},{"startTime":4191.02,"endTime":4192.855,"body":"know, if he were to show up at your"},{"startTime":4192.855,"endTime":4194.623,"body":"house, I would suggest be cordial."},{"startTime":4195.224,"endTime":4195.724,"body":"Especially if he brings"},{"startTime":4195.724,"endTime":4196.792,"body":"a bottle of olive oil."},{"startTime":4196.825,"endTime":4198.494,"body":"Yes, and knowing that he's a Jedi, it"},{"startTime":4198.494,"endTime":4199.128,"body":"would be perhaps"},{"startTime":4199.128,"endTime":4200.596,"body":"unsafe not to be cordial."},{"startTime":4202.631,"endTime":4204.133,"body":"I don't think that Hunter and Jedi are"},{"startTime":4204.133,"endTime":4205.067,"body":"even close to synonyms."},{"startTime":4206.135,"endTime":4208.137,"body":"All right, would you accept Sensei?"},{"startTime":4208.804,"endTime":4210.406,"body":"I think Sensei is more like Jedi."},{"startTime":4211.373,"endTime":4211.874,"body":"Exactly."},{"startTime":4212.107,"endTime":4213.542,"body":"You have replaced Hunter."},{"startTime":4214.61,"endTime":4215.678,"body":"He's hunting them down,"},{"startTime":4216.745,"endTime":4217.546,"body":"finding them."},{"startTime":4217.613,"endTime":4218.113,"body":"No, I am-- Find them in"},{"startTime":4218.113,"endTime":4219.982,"body":"delicious olive juice."},{"startTime":4220.149,"endTime":4222.351,"body":"I am simply reporting, and I think he is"},{"startTime":4222.351,"endTime":4223.619,"body":"called different things in different"},{"startTime":4223.619,"endTime":4224.887,"body":"parts of the-- Your brain."},{"startTime":4225.321,"endTime":4227.156,"body":"World slash solar system."},{"startTime":4227.89,"endTime":4229.625,"body":"Star Wars doesn't take"},{"startTime":4229.625,"endTime":4230.492,"body":"place in the solar system."},{"startTime":4230.492,"endTime":4231.927,"body":"It's in a galaxy far, far away."},{"startTime":4231.927,"endTime":4233.028,"body":"It's not even in the galaxy."},{"startTime":4233.562,"endTime":4234.363,"body":"Throughout different parts of the"},{"startTime":4234.363,"endTime":4236.065,"body":"universe, he is known in different ways."},{"startTime":4236.065,"endTime":4237.433,"body":"In some of them, it's Jedi."},{"startTime":4237.866,"endTime":4238.634,"body":"There, rescued it."},{"startTime":4238.867,"endTime":4241.203,"body":"(Laughs)"},{"startTime":4242.137,"endTime":4243.105,"body":"Our final sponsor"},{"startTime":4243.105,"endTime":4244.106,"body":"this week is Crowdhealth."},{"startTime":4244.773,"endTime":4245.407,"body":"Crowdhealth is not"},{"startTime":4245.407,"endTime":4246.575,"body":"health insurance, it's better."},{"startTime":4247.176,"endTime":4248.811,"body":"We spent years buying health insurance in"},{"startTime":4248.811,"endTime":4250.379,"body":"the marketplace after we left our salary"},{"startTime":4250.379,"endTime":4251.547,"body":"jobs as college professors."},{"startTime":4252.114,"endTime":4252.748,"body":"It was awful."},{"startTime":4253.315,"endTime":4254.283,"body":"Our family afforded health"},{"startTime":4254.283,"endTime":4255.651,"body":"insurance for emergencies only."},{"startTime":4255.918,"endTime":4257.753,"body":"We were paying more than $1,500 a month"},{"startTime":4257.753,"endTime":4260.189,"body":"for a policy with a $17,000 annual"},{"startTime":4260.189,"endTime":4261.49,"body":"deductible to a company that was"},{"startTime":4261.49,"endTime":4262.825,"body":"unresponsive and unhelpful."},{"startTime":4263.425,"endTime":4264.927,"body":"Tens of thousands of dollars paid out for"},{"startTime":4264.927,"endTime":4265.694,"body":"no benefit whatsoever."},{"startTime":4266.295,"endTime":4266.929,"body":"I went looking for"},{"startTime":4266.929,"endTime":4268.43,"body":"alternatives and I found Crowdhealth."},{"startTime":4269.231,"endTime":4270.432,"body":"Crowdhealth is a community of people"},{"startTime":4270.432,"endTime":4271.5,"body":"helping decentralize how"},{"startTime":4271.5,"endTime":4272.835,"body":"healthcare costs are managed."},{"startTime":4273.102,"endTime":4274.57,"body":"From funding medical costs to helping"},{"startTime":4274.57,"endTime":4276.171,"body":"negotiate your bills, they provide tools"},{"startTime":4276.171,"endTime":4277.006,"body":"to help you take charge"},{"startTime":4277.006,"endTime":4278.107,"body":"of your healthcare costs."},{"startTime":4278.774,"endTime":4279.942,"body":"We have now had two sets of great"},{"startTime":4279.942,"endTime":4281.043,"body":"experiences with Crowdhealth."},{"startTime":4281.41,"endTime":4283.045,"body":"Our younger son Toby broke his foot in"},{"startTime":4283.045,"endTime":4285.08,"body":"the summer of 2024 and I slipped on wet"},{"startTime":4285.08,"endTime":4285.948,"body":"concrete and needed a"},{"startTime":4285.948,"endTime":4287.349,"body":"head cat scan a year later."},{"startTime":4287.85,"endTime":4289.585,"body":"Both times we went to the ER and got"},{"startTime":4289.585,"endTime":4290.486,"body":"good, but pricey"},{"startTime":4290.486,"endTime":4291.687,"body":"treatment from the medical staff."},{"startTime":4292.154,"endTime":4293.489,"body":"Both times the Crowdhealth community"},{"startTime":4293.489,"endTime":4294.99,"body":"helped fund our hospital bills with a"},{"startTime":4294.99,"endTime":4296.725,"body":"simple, straightforward app and real"},{"startTime":4296.725,"endTime":4297.626,"body":"people who were easy"},{"startTime":4297.626,"endTime":4298.527,"body":"to reach and helpful."},{"startTime":4299.762,"endTime":4301.563,"body":"Health insurance in the"},{"startTime":4301.563,"endTime":4303.032,"body":"United States is a mess."},{"startTime":4303.565,"endTime":4305.034,"body":"From overpriced premiums to confusing"},{"startTime":4305.034,"endTime":4306.769,"body":"fine print, endless paperwork, claims"},{"startTime":4306.769,"endTime":4308.17,"body":"that don't get paid, customer service"},{"startTime":4308.17,"endTime":4309.838,"body":"that is unhelpful and hostile, these"},{"startTime":4309.838,"endTime":4310.706,"body":"complicated systems"},{"startTime":4310.706,"endTime":4311.874,"body":"are beyond dysfunctional."},{"startTime":4312.641,"endTime":4313.509,"body":"We used to contend with"},{"startTime":4313.509,"endTime":4314.643,"body":"this madness, but not anymore."},{"startTime":4315.11,"endTime":4315.878,"body":"There is a better way."},{"startTime":4316.311,"endTime":4317.212,"body":"You can stop playing"},{"startTime":4317.212,"endTime":4318.147,"body":"the rigged insurance game."},{"startTime":4318.48,"endTime":4319.848,"body":"You can use Crowdhealth instead."},{"startTime":4320.416,"endTime":4321.684,"body":"Crowdhealth is a community of people"},{"startTime":4321.684,"endTime":4322.451,"body":"funding each other's"},{"startTime":4322.451,"endTime":4323.385,"body":"medical bills directly."},{"startTime":4323.452,"endTime":4324.286,"body":"No middlemen, no"},{"startTime":4324.286,"endTime":4326.155,"body":"insurance, no networks, no nonsense."},{"startTime":4326.989,"endTime":4328.324,"body":"With Crowdhealth you get healthcare for"},{"startTime":4328.324,"endTime":4330.392,"body":"under $100 per month for your first three"},{"startTime":4330.392,"endTime":4332.027,"body":"months, including access to a team of"},{"startTime":4332.027,"endTime":4333.796,"body":"health bill negotiators, low cost"},{"startTime":4333.796,"endTime":4335.364,"body":"prescription and lab testing tools and a"},{"startTime":4335.364,"endTime":4336.865,"body":"database of low cost, high quality"},{"startTime":4336.865,"endTime":4338.167,"body":"doctors funded by Crowdhealth."},{"startTime":4338.667,"endTime":4340.602,"body":"And if something major happens, you pay"},{"startTime":4340.602,"endTime":4343.005,"body":"the first $500, then the Crowd steps in"},{"startTime":4343.005,"endTime":4343.839,"body":"to help fund the rest."},{"startTime":4344.44,"endTime":4345.174,"body":"Crowdhealth is not health"},{"startTime":4345.174,"endTime":4346.341,"body":"insurance, it's far better."},{"startTime":4347.009,"endTime":4348.41,"body":"With Crowdhealth you pay for little stuff"},{"startTime":4348.41,"endTime":4349.812,"body":"out of pocket, but for any event that"},{"startTime":4349.812,"endTime":4352.948,"body":"costs more than $500, a diagnosis that"},{"startTime":4352.948,"endTime":4354.783,"body":"requires ongoing treatment, a pregnancy"},{"startTime":4354.783,"endTime":4357.052,"body":"or an accident, you pay the first $500"},{"startTime":4357.519,"endTime":4358.62,"body":"and the crowd pays the rest."},{"startTime":4359.254,"endTime":4361.557,"body":"Seriously, it's easy, affordable and so"},{"startTime":4361.557,"endTime":4362.691,"body":"much better than health insurance."},{"startTime":4363.225,"endTime":4364.793,"body":"The health insurance system is hoping"},{"startTime":4364.793,"endTime":4366.228,"body":"that you will stay stuck in their same"},{"startTime":4366.228,"endTime":4367.896,"body":"overpriced, over complicated mess."},{"startTime":4368.63,"endTime":4369.131,"body":"Don't do it."},{"startTime":4369.665,"endTime":4371.1,"body":"Take charge of your health expenses and"},{"startTime":4371.1,"endTime":4371.867,"body":"be part of a community."},{"startTime":4372.568,"endTime":4374.069,"body":"Join Crowdhealth to get started today for"},{"startTime":4374.069,"endTime":4375.871,"body":"$99 a month for your first three months"},{"startTime":4375.871,"endTime":4377.072,"body":"using code DarkHorse at"},{"startTime":4377.072,"endTime":4378.674,"body":"joincrowdhealth.com."},{"startTime":4379.174,"endTime":4379.408,"body":"That's"},{"startTime":4379.408,"endTime":4381.343,"body":"joincrowdhealth.com, code DarkHorse."},{"startTime":4381.61,"endTime":4382.044,"body":"And remember,"},{"startTime":4382.411,"endTime":4383.545,"body":"Crowdhealth is not insurance."},{"startTime":4384.446,"endTime":4385.981,"body":"Opt out, take your power back."},{"startTime":4386.448,"endTime":4387.216,"body":"This is how we win."},{"startTime":4388.05,"endTime":4389.084,"body":"Joincrowdhealth.com."},{"startTime":4389.585,"endTime":4391.687,"body":"You don't think we should refer to the"},{"startTime":4391.687,"endTime":4394.49,"body":"jobs that we were driven out of as having"},{"startTime":4394.49,"endTime":4396.191,"body":"been salaried rather than salaried?"},{"startTime":4398.36,"endTime":4399.395,"body":"Start doing that if you'd like."},{"startTime":4399.561,"endTime":4400.229,"body":"Okay, because the"},{"startTime":4400.229,"endTime":4401.663,"body":"president that we hired."},{"startTime":4402.297,"endTime":4403.532,"body":"Was kind of like a piece of celery."},{"startTime":4403.565,"endTime":4404.333,"body":"He was like a vegetable."},{"startTime":4404.733,"endTime":4406.368,"body":"Yes, and one that had been sitting around"},{"startTime":4406.368,"endTime":4408.036,"body":"a bit too long, if you know what I mean."},{"startTime":4408.17,"endTime":4408.604,"body":"A little limp."},{"startTime":4410.906,"endTime":4411.84,"body":"Not gonna touch that."},{"startTime":4412.408,"endTime":4414.243,"body":"But all right."},{"startTime":4414.91,"endTime":4418.514,"body":"Shall we start with the outbreak of"},{"startTime":4418.514,"endTime":4422.05,"body":"Hantavirus on the MV Hondias?"},{"startTime":4423.252,"endTime":4423.452,"body":"Sure."},{"startTime":4424.186,"endTime":4426.088,"body":"If I were leading the story, I would"},{"startTime":4426.088,"endTime":4427.689,"body":"start by talking a little bit about"},{"startTime":4427.689,"endTime":4428.423,"body":"Hantavirus more"},{"startTime":4428.423,"endTime":4430.426,"body":"generally, but you were doing this."},{"startTime":4430.426,"endTime":4432.027,"body":"Well, let's just say the public has"},{"startTime":4432.027,"endTime":4434.496,"body":"largely become aware of Hantavirus as a"},{"startTime":4434.496,"endTime":4437.766,"body":"result of an outbreak on this ship which"},{"startTime":4437.766,"endTime":4441.303,"body":"left Argentina on the 1st"},{"startTime":4441.303,"endTime":4444.373,"body":"of April and had an outbreak."},{"startTime":4444.773,"endTime":4447.576,"body":"There are apparently eight cases."},{"startTime":4448.343,"endTime":4449.845,"body":"I think two of them are just suspected."},{"startTime":4450.512,"endTime":4451.647,"body":"Six of them confirmed."},{"startTime":4451.647,"endTime":4452.548,"body":"There have been three deaths."},{"startTime":4452.781,"endTime":4456.185,"body":"The first death was on the 11th of April."},{"startTime":4457.419,"endTime":4458.253,"body":"So most people have not"},{"startTime":4458.253,"endTime":4459.588,"body":"really heard of Hantavirus before."},{"startTime":4459.855,"endTime":4460.522,"body":"You and I have known"},{"startTime":4460.522,"endTime":4462.991,"body":"about Hantavirus for decades."},{"startTime":4464.326,"endTime":4465.727,"body":"We've been trying to put together the"},{"startTime":4465.727,"endTime":4469.064,"body":"story of how we first became aware of it."},{"startTime":4470.032,"endTime":4473.068,"body":"Well, it is certainly true that in 1993,"},{"startTime":4473.435,"endTime":4474.77,"body":"which is the same year that we started"},{"startTime":4474.77,"endTime":4478.74,"body":"graduate school, there was an outbreak of"},{"startTime":4478.74,"endTime":4480.075,"body":"Hantavirus in the Four"},{"startTime":4480.075,"endTime":4481.543,"body":"Corners region of the United States."},{"startTime":4483.111,"endTime":4486.381,"body":"I believe in the Navajo Nation area."},{"startTime":4488.15,"endTime":4489.451,"body":"And several people died."},{"startTime":4490.152,"endTime":4492.554,"body":"And it was the moment that virologists"},{"startTime":4492.554,"endTime":4493.722,"body":"had already known about"},{"startTime":4493.722,"endTime":4494.89,"body":"the various Hantaviruses."},{"startTime":4495.023,"endTime":4495.524,"body":"There are many."},{"startTime":4496.592,"endTime":4499.795,"body":"But this one had an extraordinarily high"},{"startTime":4499.795,"endTime":4503.298,"body":"case fatality rate and it became clear"},{"startTime":4503.298,"endTime":4504.466,"body":"that it, like the other known"},{"startTime":4504.466,"endTime":4506.335,"body":"Hantaviruses and all of the"},{"startTime":4506.335,"endTime":4507.436,"body":"other ones known in the US,"},{"startTime":4509.071,"endTime":4512.908,"body":"transmitted to humans when they breathed"},{"startTime":4512.908,"endTime":4517.746,"body":"in the off-gassing of contaminated fecal"},{"startTime":4517.746,"endTime":4518.981,"body":"droppings of infected mice."},{"startTime":4520.215,"endTime":4523.785,"body":"So that became a well-known story in"},{"startTime":4523.785,"endTime":4526.688,"body":"1993, just shortly before we were"},{"startTime":4526.688,"endTime":4527.723,"body":"starting graduate school."},{"startTime":4527.723,"endTime":4529.224,"body":"And so it was still circulating actively."},{"startTime":4529.224,"endTime":4530.726,"body":"And of course we were going into PhD"},{"startTime":4530.726,"endTime":4532.661,"body":"programs in biology at a"},{"startTime":4532.661,"endTime":4534.596,"body":"major research institution."},{"startTime":4535.33,"endTime":4540.135,"body":"And we have other ghost memories maybe of"},{"startTime":4540.135,"endTime":4542.404,"body":"other things that may have been going on"},{"startTime":4542.404,"endTime":4543.238,"body":"with regard to the"},{"startTime":4543.238,"endTime":4544.506,"body":"discussion around Hantavirus."},{"startTime":4545.374,"endTime":4546.675,"body":"But it was most definitely a discussion"},{"startTime":4546.675,"endTime":4548.777,"body":"sufficiently that when we were talking"},{"startTime":4548.777,"endTime":4550.312,"body":"about Hantavirus with our"},{"startTime":4550.312,"endTime":4553.382,"body":"children, young men now, 20 and 22,"},{"startTime":4554.917,"endTime":4556.518,"body":"about Hantavirus the other night,"},{"startTime":4557.219,"endTime":4559.988,"body":"Zachary, the elder, the founding producer"},{"startTime":4559.988,"endTime":4563.592,"body":"of DarkHorse, said, \"Oh, is this why you"},{"startTime":4563.592,"endTime":4565.56,"body":"guys, unlike all of the rest of my"},{"startTime":4565.56,"endTime":4567.362,"body":"friends' parents, were very concerned"},{"startTime":4567.362,"endTime":4568.764,"body":"about mouse droppings?"},{"startTime":4569.064,"endTime":4570.065,"body":"And that if you ever found mouse"},{"startTime":4570.065,"endTime":4571.433,"body":"droppings in the house, you really got"},{"startTime":4571.433,"endTime":4573.368,"body":"very active about making sure to get rid"},{"startTime":4573.368,"endTime":4574.736,"body":"of all the mice and have"},{"startTime":4574.736,"endTime":4575.904,"body":"there be no mouse droppings.\""},{"startTime":4575.904,"endTime":4577.339,"body":"And yes, that is exactly why."},{"startTime":4577.706,"endTime":4578.407,"body":"Because we had this"},{"startTime":4578.407,"endTime":4579.675,"body":"very live in our heads"},{"startTime":4580.676,"endTime":4583.211,"body":"that Hantavirus, at least the one that"},{"startTime":4583.211,"endTime":4588.951,"body":"had come to public recognition in 1993 in"},{"startTime":4588.951,"endTime":4591.486,"body":"the Four Corners area of the Southwestern"},{"startTime":4591.486,"endTime":4596.124,"body":"United States, was explicitly transmitted"},{"startTime":4596.124,"endTime":4599.361,"body":"through breathing in contaminated,"},{"startTime":4600.362,"endTime":4602.297,"body":"aerosolized versions of"},{"startTime":4602.297,"endTime":4603.665,"body":"parts of mouse droppings."},{"startTime":4604.466,"endTime":4606.601,"body":"Yes, now I'll add two things to that."},{"startTime":4606.601,"endTime":4608.47,"body":"One, I have a crystal clear memory, which"},{"startTime":4608.47,"endTime":4610.472,"body":"I have begun to doubt because all of the"},{"startTime":4610.472,"endTime":4612.474,"body":"searching that I have done has not"},{"startTime":4612.474,"endTime":4614.543,"body":"revealed any instance"},{"startTime":4614.743,"endTime":4615.744,"body":"that matches my memory."},{"startTime":4615.744,"endTime":4617.145,"body":"But my memory is that when we were in"},{"startTime":4617.145,"endTime":4619.648,"body":"graduate school, there were some graduate"},{"startTime":4619.648,"endTime":4621.55,"body":"students working, I would have said they"},{"startTime":4621.55,"endTime":4624.519,"body":"were working in the Sierra Nevada on"},{"startTime":4624.519,"endTime":4626.355,"body":"squirrels, I think they were ground"},{"startTime":4626.355,"endTime":4630.459,"body":"squirrels, and they had, I believe, at"},{"startTime":4630.459,"endTime":4632.995,"body":"least a couple of deaths as a result of"},{"startTime":4632.995,"endTime":4634.229,"body":"exposure to mouse"},{"startTime":4634.229,"endTime":4635.664,"body":"droppings in their cabins."},{"startTime":4635.664,"endTime":4637.165,"body":"So they were working in a remote cabin,"},{"startTime":4637.165,"endTime":4637.833,"body":"it wasn't the ground"},{"startTime":4637.833,"endTime":4638.934,"body":"squirrels they were working on."},{"startTime":4639.635,"endTime":4642.604,"body":"But in any case, Hantavirus has been a"},{"startTime":4642.604,"endTime":4644.306,"body":"topic of discussion in our house, and I"},{"startTime":4644.306,"endTime":4646.008,"body":"will also say we, just for whatever"},{"startTime":4646.008,"endTime":4649.344,"body":"reason, have lived in places where the"},{"startTime":4649.344,"endTime":4651.413,"body":"mice that do get into the house are not"},{"startTime":4651.413,"endTime":4654.082,"body":"house mice, they're paramiscus, they're"},{"startTime":4654.082,"endTime":4656.218,"body":"deer mice from the local environment,"},{"startTime":4656.218,"endTime":4658.053,"body":"which is a carrier of Hantavirus."},{"startTime":4658.286,"endTime":4659.921,"body":"Which is specifically a carrier, so you"},{"startTime":4659.921,"endTime":4662.09,"body":"have a very, a pretty tight, actually,"},{"startTime":4662.09,"endTime":4663.792,"body":"remarkable co-evolution between the"},{"startTime":4663.792,"endTime":4666.028,"body":"Hantaviruses and their rodent carriers."},{"startTime":4666.995,"endTime":4671.8,"body":"And the species that is transmitting the"},{"startTime":4671.8,"endTime":4673.068,"body":"virus that was discovered in the Four"},{"startTime":4673.068,"endTime":4675.904,"body":"Corners region, which, side note, it's"},{"startTime":4675.904,"endTime":4677.372,"body":"not called the Four Corners virus, it's"},{"startTime":4677.372,"endTime":4679.207,"body":"literally called the Sin Nombre virus,"},{"startTime":4680.075,"endTime":4682.344,"body":"because there was objection by locals to"},{"startTime":4682.344,"endTime":4684.713,"body":"identifying it as coming out of this area"},{"startTime":4684.713,"endTime":4686.815,"body":"and having a lot of basically tourists"},{"startTime":4686.815,"endTime":4689.384,"body":"say, \"Oh no, this is the Navajo virus,"},{"startTime":4689.685,"endTime":4690.685,"body":"\"we don't want anything to do with that.\""},{"startTime":4690.685,"endTime":4693.822,"body":"So the Sin Nombre Hantavirus is"},{"startTime":4693.822,"endTime":4696.191,"body":"specifically associated with one of a few"},{"startTime":4696.191,"endTime":4698.96,"body":"paramiscus species, which is indeed the"},{"startTime":4698.96,"endTime":4700.729,"body":"genus that comes into houses in the"},{"startTime":4700.729,"endTime":4702.23,"body":"Pacific Northwest, genus of mouse."},{"startTime":4702.497,"endTime":4706.635,"body":"Right, okay, so Hantavirus is a danger to"},{"startTime":4706.635,"endTime":4709.604,"body":"humans, it is not typically contracted by"},{"startTime":4709.604,"endTime":4710.806,"body":"and very seldom"},{"startTime":4710.806,"endTime":4713.008,"body":"transmitted between humans."},{"startTime":4713.542,"endTime":4716.978,"body":"The lone version that is known to be ever"},{"startTime":4716.978,"endTime":4718.847,"body":"transmitted between humans does come from"},{"startTime":4718.847,"endTime":4720.916,"body":"South America, from Chile and Argentina."},{"startTime":4723.385,"endTime":4725.821,"body":"Although I find the only review that I"},{"startTime":4725.821,"endTime":4727.656,"body":"find in the literature of whether or not"},{"startTime":4727.656,"endTime":4729.024,"body":"there is human to human transmission"},{"startTime":4729.024,"endTime":4731.226,"body":"finds zero to scant evidence"},{"startTime":4731.226,"endTime":4732.294,"body":"that that actually happens."},{"startTime":4732.294,"endTime":4735.263,"body":"Right, so even when it can technically"},{"startTime":4735.263,"endTime":4737.499,"body":"transmit, that may be erroneous, it may"},{"startTime":4737.499,"endTime":4738.867,"body":"be that these things have been"},{"startTime":4738.867,"endTime":4742.604,"body":"misdiagnosed, or it may be that it's a"},{"startTime":4742.604,"endTime":4744.673,"body":"very sporadic, it's certainly not part of"},{"startTime":4744.673,"endTime":4747.309,"body":"its primary life cycle, which makes the"},{"startTime":4747.309,"endTime":4749.311,"body":"whole story of this ship strange."},{"startTime":4749.811,"endTime":4751.513,"body":"Now the story of the ship is strange in"},{"startTime":4751.513,"endTime":4756.051,"body":"multiple ways, but I would say the thing"},{"startTime":4756.051,"endTime":4758.987,"body":"that we try and understand what the story"},{"startTime":4758.987,"endTime":4762.09,"body":"means to us should be focused on is that"},{"startTime":4762.09,"endTime":4764.76,"body":"it does not seem likely as the story is"},{"startTime":4764.76,"endTime":4768.363,"body":"portrayed, that the virus was transmitted"},{"startTime":4768.363,"endTime":4769.731,"body":"between people on the ship."},{"startTime":4770.132,"endTime":4772.467,"body":"In one case, a husband and wife both"},{"startTime":4772.467,"endTime":4774.903,"body":"contracted it and died, and they do have"},{"startTime":4774.903,"endTime":4776.404,"body":"close enough contact that it could have"},{"startTime":4776.404,"endTime":4778.44,"body":"been transmitted between them, but given"},{"startTime":4778.44,"endTime":4780.308,"body":"that there are more cases on the ship."},{"startTime":4780.609,"endTime":4783.044,"body":"And the two of them had both been hiking"},{"startTime":4783.712,"endTime":4787.415,"body":"in rural, outback southern Argentina for"},{"startTime":4787.415,"endTime":4788.583,"body":"some weeks, I believe,"},{"startTime":4788.583,"endTime":4789.684,"body":"before they got on board."},{"startTime":4790.118,"endTime":4792.154,"body":"I even think that is probably not the"},{"startTime":4792.154,"endTime":4794.689,"body":"explanation, and I would recommend we"},{"startTime":4794.689,"endTime":4797.225,"body":"have, and maybe we should put up a piece"},{"startTime":4797.225,"endTime":4798.894,"body":"that Robert Malone wrote about"},{"startTime":4798.894,"endTime":4800.962,"body":"Hantavirus, trying to calm people down,"},{"startTime":4800.962,"endTime":4803.632,"body":"saying actually, this virus can't do the"},{"startTime":4803.632,"endTime":4804.666,"body":"thing that we all fear,"},{"startTime":4805.433,"endTime":4807.469,"body":"and he runs through this."},{"startTime":4807.469,"endTime":4809.538,"body":"And I think he's on the right track here,"},{"startTime":4809.538,"endTime":4811.907,"body":"where it's actually more likely that"},{"startTime":4811.907,"endTime":4814.81,"body":"something mundane happened, like mice got"},{"startTime":4814.81,"endTime":4817.979,"body":"into food stores that were then loaded"},{"startTime":4817.979,"endTime":4820.015,"body":"onto the ship so that you got a bunch of"},{"startTime":4820.015,"endTime":4822.751,"body":"people who contracted it from"},{"startTime":4822.751,"endTime":4826.788,"body":"contaminated resources, rather than it"},{"startTime":4826.788,"endTime":4829.024,"body":"was transmitted between people enough"},{"startTime":4829.024,"endTime":4829.858,"body":"times that there are eight"},{"startTime":4829.858,"endTime":4832.427,"body":"cases from a ship of 150 people."},{"startTime":4832.994,"endTime":4834.229,"body":"So anyway, I don't think we know the"},{"startTime":4834.229,"endTime":4835.597,"body":"answer to that question, but I would say"},{"startTime":4835.597,"endTime":4837.766,"body":"if I had to bet that's a better"},{"startTime":4837.766,"endTime":4840.535,"body":"explanation, because otherwise what"},{"startTime":4840.535,"endTime":4843.171,"body":"you're stuck with is the likelihood of"},{"startTime":4843.171,"endTime":4846.474,"body":"the virus having evolved to be"},{"startTime":4846.474,"endTime":4848.476,"body":"transmissible, more transmissible between"},{"startTime":4848.476,"endTime":4850.846,"body":"people, which is a pretty hard trick for"},{"startTime":4850.846,"endTime":4852.948,"body":"a virus to learn, especially"},{"startTime":4852.948,"endTime":4855.283,"body":"in a tiny population, right?"},{"startTime":4855.283,"endTime":4856.985,"body":"It would need some time to develop that"},{"startTime":4856.985,"endTime":4859.487,"body":"capability, or the other possibility is"},{"startTime":4859.487,"endTime":4862.023,"body":"that somebody engaged in gain-of-function"},{"startTime":4862.023,"endTime":4865.26,"body":"research with Hantavirus in order to"},{"startTime":4865.26,"endTime":4867.929,"body":"increase that transmissibility, which if"},{"startTime":4867.929,"endTime":4869.164,"body":"you were gonna do gain-of-function"},{"startTime":4869.164,"endTime":4871.466,"body":"research, what we now know after all of"},{"startTime":4871.466,"endTime":4874.736,"body":"the discussion that has occurred"},{"startTime":4874.736,"endTime":4876.438,"body":"surrounding COVID and all of the ink that"},{"startTime":4876.438,"endTime":4878.607,"body":"has been spilled over it is that"},{"startTime":4878.607,"endTime":4882.777,"body":"gain-of-function research is connected to"},{"startTime":4882.777,"endTime":4884.813,"body":"bio-weapons research and increasing"},{"startTime":4884.813,"endTime":4886.615,"body":"transmissibility is a target."},{"startTime":4887.015,"endTime":4889.484,"body":"So if you were looking, so we will"},{"startTime":4889.484,"endTime":4890.585,"body":"remember during COVID."},{"startTime":4890.852,"endTime":4892.387,"body":"Target, meaning a goal of the research."},{"startTime":4892.42,"endTime":4893.255,"body":"A goal of the research."},{"startTime":4893.622,"endTime":4897.192,"body":"And so during COVID, we were initially"},{"startTime":4897.192,"endTime":4899.561,"body":"told that the case fatality rate was"},{"startTime":4899.561,"endTime":4902.43,"body":"fairly high, like 3% or something like"},{"startTime":4902.43,"endTime":4903.632,"body":"that, which turned out"},{"startTime":4903.632,"endTime":4905.066,"body":"to be total nonsense."},{"startTime":4905.066,"endTime":4907.068,"body":"But in terms of panicking the public,"},{"startTime":4907.068,"endTime":4908.703,"body":"which many of the features of the"},{"startTime":4908.703,"endTime":4911.406,"body":"deployment of the story were clearly"},{"startTime":4911.406,"endTime":4913.975,"body":"built to do, a 3% fatality"},{"startTime":4913.975,"endTime":4916.077,"body":"rate is pretty darn high."},{"startTime":4917.078,"endTime":4919.981,"body":"And so from the point of view of"},{"startTime":4919.981,"endTime":4923.852,"body":"enhancing a virus for weapons use or for"},{"startTime":4923.852,"endTime":4925.887,"body":"a second use that I will get to later in"},{"startTime":4925.887,"endTime":4927.922,"body":"this discussion, increasing"},{"startTime":4927.922,"endTime":4929.724,"body":"transmissibility, especially between"},{"startTime":4929.724,"endTime":4930.992,"body":"people, is kind of a"},{"startTime":4930.992,"endTime":4932.093,"body":"necessary ingredient."},{"startTime":4932.627,"endTime":4935.73,"body":"And it is true that Hantavirus has been"},{"startTime":4935.73,"endTime":4939.034,"body":"researched in laboratories and in fact,"},{"startTime":4939.034,"endTime":4940.769,"body":"there's a story out of Australia, which I"},{"startTime":4940.769,"endTime":4942.103,"body":"have not tracked down, but"},{"startTime":4942.103,"endTime":4945.273,"body":"a story in which viruses of,"},{"startTime":4946.308,"endTime":4950.478,"body":"or pathogens from a virus lab were lost,"},{"startTime":4950.512,"endTime":4952.247,"body":"many vials, including Hantavirus."},{"startTime":4952.514,"endTime":4953.548,"body":"Now, does that have anything to do with"},{"startTime":4953.548,"endTime":4954.749,"body":"this story at all or not?"},{"startTime":4955.25,"endTime":4955.65,"body":"Who knows?"},{"startTime":4956.351,"endTime":4959.12,"body":"But nonetheless, we have to keep track of"},{"startTime":4959.12,"endTime":4961.456,"body":"the fact that when we say Hantavirus, we"},{"startTime":4961.456,"endTime":4965.093,"body":"could be talking about a natural event"},{"startTime":4965.26,"endTime":4968.196,"body":"like something got into the food stores"},{"startTime":4968.196,"endTime":4969.631,"body":"on the ship and a bunch of people"},{"startTime":4969.631,"endTime":4970.765,"body":"contracted the disease."},{"startTime":4971.533,"endTime":4973.668,"body":"We could be talking about an enhanced"},{"startTime":4973.668,"endTime":4976.471,"body":"pathogen that either leaked or was"},{"startTime":4976.471,"endTime":4977.906,"body":"introduced for some reason."},{"startTime":4979.474,"endTime":4980.141,"body":"We don't know."},{"startTime":4980.375,"endTime":4981.409,"body":"And go ahead."},{"startTime":4982.01,"endTime":4984.579,"body":"Well, I guess I would say, regardless"},{"startTime":4984.579,"endTime":4986.581,"body":"there is not just one Hantavirus."},{"startTime":4987.082,"endTime":4989.184,"body":"There are many, there are many dozens of"},{"startTime":4989.184,"endTime":4990.852,"body":"species of Hantavirus worldwide."},{"startTime":4992.087,"endTime":4994.556,"body":"The only one that has been proposed to"},{"startTime":4994.556,"endTime":4996.124,"body":"have direct human to human transmission"},{"startTime":4996.124,"endTime":4996.858,"body":"with any kind of"},{"startTime":4996.858,"endTime":4999.894,"body":"regularity is that in South America."},{"startTime":5000.996,"endTime":5001.73,"body":"I mean, maybe this is a"},{"startTime":5001.73,"endTime":5004.733,"body":"moment to just show this paper."},{"startTime":5006.101,"endTime":5007.635,"body":"This is from the Journal of Infectious"},{"startTime":5007.635,"endTime":5009.104,"body":"Diseases, published in,"},{"startTime":5009.104,"endTime":5011.072,"body":"boy, it was 2021 or 2022,"},{"startTime":5012.407,"endTime":5013.875,"body":"received in 2021, yeah."},{"startTime":5014.876,"endTime":5017.912,"body":"So into actually the COVID era, evidence"},{"startTime":5017.912,"endTime":5019.447,"body":"for human to human transmission of"},{"startTime":5019.447,"endTime":5021.049,"body":"Hantavirus as systematic review."},{"startTime":5021.049,"endTime":5022.05,"body":"I'm not gonna walk through the whole"},{"startTime":5022.05,"endTime":5022.984,"body":"paper, but just let me read"},{"startTime":5022.984,"endTime":5024.085,"body":"the results and conclusions."},{"startTime":5025.52,"endTime":5027.188,"body":"22 studies met the inclusion criteria."},{"startTime":5027.756,"endTime":5029.324,"body":"Meta-analysis was not possible due to"},{"startTime":5029.324,"endTime":5031.693,"body":"heterogeneity, meaning they couldn't do"},{"startTime":5031.693,"endTime":5034.129,"body":"like a Cochrane meta-analysis because the"},{"startTime":5034.129,"endTime":5035.33,"body":"studies that had been done"},{"startTime":5035.33,"endTime":5037.232,"body":"were just too varied, right?"},{"startTime":5037.265,"endTime":5038.733,"body":"So they had to compare them"},{"startTime":5038.733,"endTime":5041.669,"body":"in a less quantitative way."},{"startTime":5042.57,"endTime":5044.105,"body":"With the exception of one prospective"},{"startTime":5044.105,"endTime":5046.274,"body":"cohort study of A and DV, that's the"},{"startTime":5046.274,"endTime":5048.71,"body":"South American Hantavirus in Chile, with"},{"startTime":5048.71,"endTime":5051.279,"body":"serious risk of bias, evidence from"},{"startTime":5051.279,"endTime":5053.214,"body":"comparative studies, strongest level of"},{"startTime":5053.214,"endTime":5055.216,"body":"evidence available, does not support"},{"startTime":5055.216,"endTime":5055.884,"body":"human to human"},{"startTime":5055.884,"endTime":5057.585,"body":"transmission of Hantavirus infection."},{"startTime":5058.486,"endTime":5059.854,"body":"Non-comparative studies with a critical"},{"startTime":5059.854,"endTime":5061.99,"body":"risk of bias suggest that human to human"},{"startTime":5061.99,"endTime":5063.858,"body":"transmission of A and DV may be possible."},{"startTime":5065.727,"endTime":5067.195,"body":"Conclusions, the balance of the evidence"},{"startTime":5067.195,"endTime":5068.83,"body":"does not support the claim of human to"},{"startTime":5068.83,"endTime":5070.331,"body":"human transmission of A and DV."},{"startTime":5070.565,"endTime":5072.067,"body":"Well-designed cohort and case controlled"},{"startTime":5072.067,"endTime":5073.735,"body":"studies that control for co-exposure to"},{"startTime":5073.735,"endTime":5075.103,"body":"rodents are needed to inform public"},{"startTime":5075.103,"endTime":5075.937,"body":"health recommendations."},{"startTime":5076.504,"endTime":5078.973,"body":"So just once again, they are looking at"},{"startTime":5078.973,"endTime":5081.509,"body":"the only of the very many species of"},{"startTime":5081.509,"endTime":5083.311,"body":"Hantavirus, at least so far as we know"},{"startTime":5083.311,"endTime":5086.314,"body":"that have not been lab modified, that has"},{"startTime":5086.314,"endTime":5089.184,"body":"ever been proposed, I believe, to have"},{"startTime":5089.184,"endTime":5090.251,"body":"human to human transmission."},{"startTime":5090.552,"endTime":5092.654,"body":"And they find, as I said earlier, scant"},{"startTime":5092.654,"endTime":5094.422,"body":"to no evidence that it does that."},{"startTime":5094.689,"endTime":5094.889,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":5095.79,"endTime":5098.827,"body":"Now, this is one place."},{"startTime":5099.094,"endTime":5101.463,"body":"So there are many aspects of this story"},{"startTime":5102.03,"endTime":5104.165,"body":"in which there is clear bullshit."},{"startTime":5104.966,"endTime":5106.434,"body":"The story that the public is being"},{"startTime":5106.434,"endTime":5108.403,"body":"exposed to involves clear bullshit."},{"startTime":5108.903,"endTime":5111.406,"body":"This could be a case that, you know,"},{"startTime":5111.773,"endTime":5113.508,"body":"research is difficult, incorrect"},{"startTime":5113.508,"endTime":5114.576,"body":"conclusions are common."},{"startTime":5115.176,"endTime":5117.345,"body":"Somebody did a study, it's just a"},{"startTime":5117.345,"endTime":5120.348,"body":"coincidence that, you know, an outbreak"},{"startTime":5120.348,"endTime":5122.383,"body":"that was probably the result of rodent"},{"startTime":5122.383,"endTime":5124.886,"body":"contamination of things loaded onto this"},{"startTime":5124.886,"endTime":5129.29,"body":"ship is being treated as likely human to"},{"startTime":5129.29,"endTime":5131.092,"body":"human transmission and that it left from"},{"startTime":5131.092,"endTime":5133.461,"body":"a port in a place where that strain that"},{"startTime":5133.461,"endTime":5136.264,"body":"had in this case, there's weak evidence"},{"startTime":5136.264,"endTime":5138.666,"body":"for human to human transmission happens"},{"startTime":5138.666,"endTime":5139.968,"body":"to have been nearby."},{"startTime":5140.568,"endTime":5145.206,"body":"And of course, there is a conflict of"},{"startTime":5145.206,"endTime":5148.309,"body":"interest between the public health people"},{"startTime":5148.309,"endTime":5151.713,"body":"and the cruise line if what happened was"},{"startTime":5151.713,"endTime":5153.114,"body":"there were mice on that ship."},{"startTime":5153.548,"endTime":5154.949,"body":"That's an excellent point, yes."},{"startTime":5155.25,"endTime":5157.452,"body":"The cruise line has a lot to lose if"},{"startTime":5157.452,"endTime":5160.588,"body":"there's some culpability on their part."},{"startTime":5161.289,"endTime":5163.391,"body":"And the public health people, I have to"},{"startTime":5163.391,"endTime":5165.66,"body":"say, one of the many lessons of COVID is"},{"startTime":5165.66,"endTime":5168.53,"body":"that the public health people appear to"},{"startTime":5168.53,"endTime":5171.866,"body":"be on a mission that at best has nothing"},{"startTime":5171.866,"endTime":5175.403,"body":"to do with public health and at worst is"},{"startTime":5175.403,"endTime":5176.704,"body":"often hostile to it."},{"startTime":5176.704,"endTime":5179.173,"body":"So what it is that we are supposed to be"},{"startTime":5179.173,"endTime":5181.075,"body":"feeling about what we're reading, who it"},{"startTime":5181.075,"endTime":5183.111,"body":"is that wants us to be feeling it, are"},{"startTime":5183.111,"endTime":5184.112,"body":"completely divorced"},{"startTime":5184.112,"endTime":5186.347,"body":"from the biology here."},{"startTime":5187.649,"endTime":5190.451,"body":"Now, I wanna take a brief detour because"},{"startTime":5190.451,"endTime":5194.822,"body":"something odd happened and it appears to"},{"startTime":5194.822,"endTime":5196.424,"body":"have had an impact in the world."},{"startTime":5196.824,"endTime":5199.227,"body":"And I think we need to look at it before"},{"startTime":5199.227,"endTime":5200.995,"body":"we get into some of the deeper questions"},{"startTime":5201.095,"endTime":5203.064,"body":"about a antivirus and what"},{"startTime":5203.064,"endTime":5204.365,"body":"may come of this outbreak."},{"startTime":5205.7,"endTime":5209.237,"body":"So when I first heard the story of the"},{"startTime":5209.237,"endTime":5212.941,"body":"Hantavirus outbreak, my first thought was"},{"startTime":5212.941,"endTime":5214.075,"body":"I did not know offhand"},{"startTime":5214.075,"endTime":5215.31,"body":"if it was an RNA virus."},{"startTime":5216.144,"endTime":5218.446,"body":"I immediately checked it is a"},{"startTime":5218.446,"endTime":5220.014,"body":"single-stranded RNA virus"},{"startTime":5220.014,"endTime":5221.015,"body":"which told me something."},{"startTime":5221.416,"endTime":5223.985,"body":"It told me Ivermectin is likely to work"},{"startTime":5224.052,"endTime":5226.588,"body":"because Ivermectin works across"},{"startTime":5226.588,"endTime":5228.723,"body":"single-stranded RNA viruses."},{"startTime":5229.49,"endTime":5232.026,"body":"So I, of course, wanted to go and dig"},{"startTime":5232.026,"endTime":5233.528,"body":"deeper and find out if there was any"},{"startTime":5233.528,"endTime":5235.163,"body":"reason to expect that it wouldn't work,"},{"startTime":5235.163,"endTime":5235.763,"body":"if there was any"},{"startTime":5235.763,"endTime":5236.864,"body":"evidence that it did work."},{"startTime":5237.532,"endTime":5240.702,"body":"And I queried Claude about it."},{"startTime":5241.636,"endTime":5244.405,"body":"And Claude, which ordinarily, I'm using a"},{"startTime":5244.405,"endTime":5245.506,"body":"fancy version of Claude,"},{"startTime":5246.774,"endTime":5249.978,"body":"ordinarily I have very good interactions"},{"startTime":5250.144,"endTime":5251.613,"body":"over scientific material."},{"startTime":5251.613,"endTime":5253.147,"body":"It knows that I'm a biologist, it knows"},{"startTime":5253.147,"endTime":5253.881,"body":"that I'm interested in"},{"startTime":5253.881,"endTime":5254.749,"body":"evolution and trade-offs."},{"startTime":5254.983,"endTime":5257.252,"body":"And ordinarily these conversations range"},{"startTime":5257.352,"endTime":5258.886,"body":"across a wide range of topics."},{"startTime":5259.554,"endTime":5262.39,"body":"And in this case, Claude froze up."},{"startTime":5262.957,"endTime":5264.726,"body":"Do you wanna show the screenshot?"},{"startTime":5270.231,"endTime":5272.533,"body":"Okay, so this is my tweet"},{"startTime":5272.533,"endTime":5274.736,"body":"and it displays the screenshot."},{"startTime":5275.169,"endTime":5276.17,"body":"And I asked Claude,"},{"startTime":5278.439,"endTime":5280.041,"body":"does Ivermectin work on"},{"startTime":5280.041,"endTime":5281.676,"body":"negative sense RNA viruses?"},{"startTime":5281.876,"endTime":5283.745,"body":"So negative sense means that the single"},{"startTime":5283.745,"endTime":5288.449,"body":"strand of RNA is not the strand from"},{"startTime":5288.449,"endTime":5289.751,"body":"which the proteins can"},{"startTime":5289.751,"endTime":5291.486,"body":"be directly translated."},{"startTime":5291.519,"endTime":5294.055,"body":"It's a piece of deep biology here, but"},{"startTime":5294.055,"endTime":5296.09,"body":"this being a negative sense,"},{"startTime":5296.924,"endTime":5300.028,"body":"single-stranded RNA virus, it is not"},{"startTime":5300.028,"endTime":5302.764,"body":"exactly similar to something like COVID,"},{"startTime":5302.764,"endTime":5303.798,"body":"which is positive sense."},{"startTime":5304.832,"endTime":5306.234,"body":"So what happened?"},{"startTime":5306.934,"endTime":5309.871,"body":"Well, Claude said that for safety"},{"startTime":5309.871,"endTime":5312.206,"body":"reasons, it refused to answer with its"},{"startTime":5312.206,"endTime":5314.809,"body":"high quality model and pointed me at its"},{"startTime":5314.809,"endTime":5316.978,"body":"absolutely lowest quality model if I"},{"startTime":5316.978,"endTime":5318.146,"body":"wanted to repose the"},{"startTime":5318.146,"endTime":5321.015,"body":"question, which I found alarming."},{"startTime":5322.317,"endTime":5326.02,"body":"Now, I posted the screenshot and pointed"},{"startTime":5326.02,"endTime":5328.189,"body":"out that there's something weird about"},{"startTime":5328.189,"endTime":5330.591,"body":"Claude freezing up on questions"},{"startTime":5330.591,"endTime":5334.128,"body":"surrounding antiviral activity of"},{"startTime":5334.128,"endTime":5335.663,"body":"Ivermectin, that that"},{"startTime":5335.663,"endTime":5337.532,"body":"has an eerie ring to it."},{"startTime":5338.032,"endTime":5341.536,"body":"And that tweet got three quarters of a"},{"startTime":5341.536,"endTime":5343.905,"body":"million views and 20,000 likes."},{"startTime":5344.605,"endTime":5347.241,"body":"Now there's one other tweet in which Mary"},{"startTime":5347.241,"endTime":5351.379,"body":"Talley Bowden, who had also quickly"},{"startTime":5351.379,"endTime":5353.614,"body":"figured out that Ivermectin"},{"startTime":5353.614,"endTime":5355.75,"body":"was likely to work on Hantavirus,"},{"startTime":5357.485,"endTime":5360.621,"body":"posted and it got four or five million"},{"startTime":5360.621,"endTime":5365.426,"body":"views and 40 some thousand likes."},{"startTime":5367.462,"endTime":5371.265,"body":"Then those discussions obviously were"},{"startTime":5371.265,"endTime":5374.869,"body":"very widely seen and"},{"startTime":5374.869,"endTime":5378.906,"body":"the WHO then responded."},{"startTime":5379.54,"endTime":5381.175,"body":"And can we show the video of what the"},{"startTime":5381.175,"endTime":5381.809,"body":"WHO's statement"},{"startTime":5381.976,"endTime":5386.347,"body":"following these two tweets was?"},{"startTime":5388.149,"endTime":5390.084,"body":"We've seen some online discussion as"},{"startTime":5390.084,"endTime":5391.986,"body":"well, indicating that perhaps Ivermectin"},{"startTime":5391.986,"endTime":5394.555,"body":"is useful in this case, but we have not"},{"startTime":5394.555,"endTime":5396.257,"body":"seen any research that shows that"},{"startTime":5396.257,"endTime":5397.325,"body":"Ivermectin is an effective"},{"startTime":5397.325,"endTime":5398.76,"body":"treatment for Hantavirus."},{"startTime":5398.76,"endTime":5400.094,"body":"And that's what we know at this point."},{"startTime":5400.528,"endTime":5402.63,"body":"So just to reiterate, as we said"},{"startTime":5402.63,"endTime":5404.999,"body":"yesterday as well, based on what we know,"},{"startTime":5404.999,"endTime":5406.868,"body":"based on the dynamics of this outbreak,"},{"startTime":5406.868,"endTime":5408.803,"body":"based on how it is spreading and not"},{"startTime":5408.803,"endTime":5411.339,"body":"spreading amongst the people on the ship,"},{"startTime":5411.339,"endTime":5413.307,"body":"the people who have disembarkated as"},{"startTime":5413.307,"endTime":5416.344,"body":"well, we continue to consider the risk as"},{"startTime":5416.344,"endTime":5418.079,"body":"low for the general population."},{"startTime":5418.312,"endTime":5419.847,"body":"It's moderate for those on the ship."},{"startTime":5420.348,"endTime":5421.883,"body":"And we'll be following this closely and"},{"startTime":5421.883,"endTime":5422.717,"body":"we don't mean following"},{"startTime":5422.717,"endTime":5423.785,"body":"this closely remotely."},{"startTime":5423.785,"endTime":5425.753,"body":"We actually have colleagues who are in"},{"startTime":5425.753,"endTime":5427.822,"body":"the Canary Islands and we will be working"},{"startTime":5427.822,"endTime":5430.158,"body":"directly with Spanish authorities to have"},{"startTime":5430.158,"endTime":5433.227,"body":"the smoothest process for the people on"},{"startTime":5433.227,"endTime":5434.128,"body":"the ship and for the people"},{"startTime":5434.128,"endTime":5435.596,"body":"of the Canary Islands as well."},{"startTime":5436.864,"endTime":5440.334,"body":"Okay, so A, I feel it's very likely that"},{"startTime":5440.334,"endTime":5442.37,"body":"she is responding to one or both of us,"},{"startTime":5442.67,"endTime":5444.372,"body":"that the idea that there's online"},{"startTime":5444.372,"endTime":5446.307,"body":"discussion of Ivermectin needs to be"},{"startTime":5446.307,"endTime":5447.975,"body":"tamped down immediately, which is--"},{"startTime":5448.342,"endTime":5450.378,"body":"Because you think that the discussion of"},{"startTime":5450.378,"endTime":5452.013,"body":"whether or not Ivermectin would treat"},{"startTime":5452.013,"endTime":5454.615,"body":"Hantavirus was largely restricted to your"},{"startTime":5454.749,"endTime":5457.285,"body":"and Mary Telly Bowden's tweets."},{"startTime":5457.385,"endTime":5460.388,"body":"I looked for other large discussions."},{"startTime":5460.588,"endTime":5462.256,"body":"I'm just filling in what you're thinking."},{"startTime":5462.523,"endTime":5463.925,"body":"That's why I think so."},{"startTime":5464.258,"endTime":5466.961,"body":"But in any case, A, very interesting that"},{"startTime":5466.961,"endTime":5468.729,"body":"Ivermectin is going to be a touch point."},{"startTime":5469.13,"endTime":5472.333,"body":"Shouldn't the who be agnostic on this"},{"startTime":5472.333,"endTime":5474.368,"body":"point until we have something like a"},{"startTime":5474.368,"endTime":5476.871,"body":"decent study that addresses the question?"},{"startTime":5476.871,"endTime":5477.872,"body":"I haven't seen that video before."},{"startTime":5478.506,"endTime":5480.775,"body":"That video, that's the first thing I've"},{"startTime":5480.775,"endTime":5482.109,"body":"seen in all of this that"},{"startTime":5482.109,"endTime":5483.511,"body":"does remind me of COVID."},{"startTime":5484.011,"endTime":5488.015,"body":"Because that language, that, I think, we"},{"startTime":5488.015,"endTime":5490.384,"body":"have not seen any evidence, no, we have"},{"startTime":5490.384,"endTime":5492.787,"body":"not seen any research suggesting that"},{"startTime":5492.787,"endTime":5494.489,"body":"Ivermectin can treat Hantavirus."},{"startTime":5495.79,"endTime":5497.825,"body":"That's not how you know what"},{"startTime":5497.825,"endTime":5499.293,"body":"is likely to be true in science."},{"startTime":5499.293,"endTime":5502.33,"body":"You don't wait for the entire process to"},{"startTime":5502.33,"endTime":5503.164,"body":"have happened and for it"},{"startTime":5503.164,"endTime":5504.665,"body":"to have hit the journals."},{"startTime":5505.032,"endTime":5507.001,"body":"That is not how we do this."},{"startTime":5507.568,"endTime":5509.47,"body":"And I can't believe we're here again."},{"startTime":5510.271,"endTime":5512.273,"body":"So what you did, what"},{"startTime":5512.273,"endTime":5513.14,"body":"Mary Telly Bowden did,"},{"startTime":5514.175,"endTime":5515.476,"body":"presumably many of us,"},{"startTime":5515.743,"endTime":5517.845,"body":"me too, separately, like,"},{"startTime":5518.88,"endTime":5520.214,"body":"oh, it's what kind of virus?"},{"startTime":5520.515,"endTime":5522.583,"body":"And oh, we have all of these remarkably,"},{"startTime":5523.084,"endTime":5524.519,"body":"actually a lot, but Ivermectin is the one"},{"startTime":5524.519,"endTime":5525.219,"body":"we're talking about."},{"startTime":5525.553,"endTime":5527.321,"body":"We have these medicines."},{"startTime":5527.989,"endTime":5529.357,"body":"In this case, it's one that the who"},{"startTime":5529.357,"endTime":5530.291,"body":"already put on its list"},{"startTime":5530.291,"endTime":5531.025,"body":"of essential medicines."},{"startTime":5531.092,"endTime":5531.425,"body":"Why?"},{"startTime":5531.826,"endTime":5534.428,"body":"Because it's got such broad efficacy"},{"startTime":5534.428,"endTime":5535.897,"body":"across so many things."},{"startTime":5536.163,"endTime":5539.6,"body":"It doesn't just work on RNA viruses, it"},{"startTime":5539.6,"endTime":5540.735,"body":"also works on pelments."},{"startTime":5541.068,"endTime":5542.503,"body":"It works on so many things."},{"startTime":5543.104,"endTime":5545.84,"body":"And the idea that what you need, even"},{"startTime":5545.84,"endTime":5547.542,"body":"though we've previously put this as one"},{"startTime":5547.542,"endTime":5552.046,"body":"of our top medicines to use, to use both"},{"startTime":5552.046,"endTime":5554.315,"body":"because it tends to be safe and it tends"},{"startTime":5554.315,"endTime":5555.95,"body":"to be effective against a broad range of"},{"startTime":5555.95,"endTime":5558.986,"body":"things, you're not going to even talk"},{"startTime":5558.986,"endTime":5561.055,"body":"about it until you've seen specific"},{"startTime":5561.055,"endTime":5562.69,"body":"research about its efficacy"},{"startTime":5562.957,"endTime":5564.258,"body":"on this particular problem."},{"startTime":5565.026,"endTime":5565.927,"body":"That's not how any of"},{"startTime":5565.927,"endTime":5566.827,"body":"this is supposed to work."},{"startTime":5566.861,"endTime":5568.229,"body":"That's not how any of this is supposed to"},{"startTime":5568.229,"endTime":5569.764,"body":"work at the scientific level."},{"startTime":5570.264,"endTime":5571.732,"body":"For one thing, she is effectively"},{"startTime":5571.732,"endTime":5573.668,"body":"implying that it doesn't work."},{"startTime":5574.001,"endTime":5575.002,"body":"There is circumstantial"},{"startTime":5575.002,"endTime":5576.103,"body":"reason to think it does."},{"startTime":5576.37,"endTime":5576.871,"body":"It might work."},{"startTime":5577.605,"endTime":5579.674,"body":"And at the very least with a drug this"},{"startTime":5579.674,"endTime":5582.009,"body":"safe and it is as safe as any drug out"},{"startTime":5582.009,"endTime":5584.745,"body":"there, was it given to"},{"startTime":5584.745,"endTime":5585.713,"body":"the people on the ship?"},{"startTime":5586.514,"endTime":5588.816,"body":"It would be an obvious thing to do."},{"startTime":5588.816,"endTime":5591.285,"body":"You've got people who were in an"},{"startTime":5591.285,"endTime":5593.387,"body":"environment in which Hantavirus is there,"},{"startTime":5593.821,"endTime":5596.19,"body":"whatever the mechanism that they seem to"},{"startTime":5596.19,"endTime":5598.592,"body":"have contacted it, it would be an obvious"},{"startTime":5598.592,"endTime":5600.394,"body":"thing to do because it's so safe."},{"startTime":5600.394,"endTime":5602.396,"body":"Even if you thought it had a 1% chance of"},{"startTime":5602.396,"endTime":5604.131,"body":"working, the downside is so"},{"startTime":5604.131,"endTime":5605.399,"body":"low that it would make sense."},{"startTime":5605.399,"endTime":5608.235,"body":"And instead, the who is coming at this,"},{"startTime":5608.736,"endTime":5609.537,"body":"we've got to shut that"},{"startTime":5609.537,"endTime":5610.805,"body":"ivermectin thing down again."},{"startTime":5611.272,"endTime":5615.643,"body":"So that's among the many things that"},{"startTime":5615.643,"endTime":5617.011,"body":"smell like bullshit here."},{"startTime":5617.311,"endTime":5618.212,"body":"This is one of them."},{"startTime":5618.212,"endTime":5618.913,"body":"And I'm going to try"},{"startTime":5618.913,"endTime":5619.914,"body":"to put that in context."},{"startTime":5620.214,"endTime":5622.55,"body":"I think we need to understand why we are"},{"startTime":5622.55,"endTime":5623.985,"body":"going to face this"},{"startTime":5623.985,"endTime":5625.886,"body":"paradigm again and again."},{"startTime":5626.52,"endTime":5627.088,"body":"Why are we going to"},{"startTime":5627.088,"endTime":5628.923,"body":"be facing RNA viruses?"},{"startTime":5629.59,"endTime":5632.126,"body":"Why are we going to say, hey, ivermectin"},{"startTime":5632.126,"endTime":5633.527,"body":"might work on that because it seems to"},{"startTime":5633.527,"endTime":5634.595,"body":"work on all the others."},{"startTime":5634.595,"endTime":5636.931,"body":"And why is officialdom going to come back"},{"startTime":5636.931,"endTime":5638.599,"body":"and tell us, no, you"},{"startTime":5638.599,"endTime":5639.667,"body":"can't, it's dangerous."},{"startTime":5640.034,"endTime":5641.068,"body":"There's no evidence."},{"startTime":5641.068,"endTime":5642.403,"body":"We have a randomized controlled trial"},{"startTime":5642.403,"endTime":5643.17,"body":"that this, that, the other."},{"startTime":5643.671,"endTime":5645.439,"body":"That dynamic is going to unfold multiple"},{"startTime":5645.439,"endTime":5647.141,"body":"times for a reason that I don't think"},{"startTime":5647.141,"endTime":5648.376,"body":"anyone else has pointed out."},{"startTime":5648.376,"endTime":5650.811,"body":"So I'm going to try to get"},{"startTime":5650.811,"endTime":5652.58,"body":"us there so you can see it."},{"startTime":5654.281,"endTime":5655.449,"body":"In order to do that, let's"},{"startTime":5655.449,"endTime":5658.052,"body":"talk a little bit about the,"},{"startTime":5659.987,"endTime":5661.756,"body":"the nature of this gain of function"},{"startTime":5661.756,"endTime":5665.86,"body":"research that seems to be so much more"},{"startTime":5665.86,"endTime":5667.595,"body":"prevalent than any of"},{"startTime":5667.595,"endTime":5668.829,"body":"us seem to have known."},{"startTime":5669.13,"endTime":5670.765,"body":"There seem to be labs all over the world"},{"startTime":5670.765,"endTime":5672.466,"body":"involved in this kind of research."},{"startTime":5673.467,"endTime":5677.004,"body":"I'm telling you, it is generally, if not"},{"startTime":5677.004,"endTime":5679.006,"body":"always, dual use research."},{"startTime":5679.006,"endTime":5680.574,"body":"So what is that exactly?"},{"startTime":5682.276,"endTime":5684.512,"body":"It is the result of the fact that if you"},{"startTime":5684.512,"endTime":5687.615,"body":"realize what pathogens can do to people,"},{"startTime":5688.215,"endTime":5690.284,"body":"then if you're of a mindset to think"},{"startTime":5690.284,"endTime":5692.82,"body":"about how to harm those people in order"},{"startTime":5692.82,"endTime":5694.588,"body":"to control them or eliminate"},{"startTime":5694.588,"endTime":5696.924,"body":"them, it's tantalizing, right?"},{"startTime":5696.924,"endTime":5698.793,"body":"If you're of the mindset of how to defeat"},{"startTime":5698.793,"endTime":5702.063,"body":"an enemy, the idea of a pathogen that can"},{"startTime":5702.063,"endTime":5703.864,"body":"do it without you having to march on to"},{"startTime":5703.864,"endTime":5706.033,"body":"some foreign battlefield is enticing."},{"startTime":5707.134,"endTime":5708.669,"body":"If you were going to do that, the"},{"startTime":5708.669,"endTime":5709.437,"body":"following thing would"},{"startTime":5709.437,"endTime":5710.771,"body":"need to accompany it."},{"startTime":5711.005,"endTime":5712.94,"body":"You would need to have some mechanism to"},{"startTime":5712.94,"endTime":5714.975,"body":"protect your own population or your"},{"startTime":5714.975,"endTime":5716.243,"body":"weapon would just simply be"},{"startTime":5716.243,"endTime":5718.412,"body":"indiscriminate and it would first afflict"},{"startTime":5718.412,"endTime":5719.346,"body":"your enemies and then it"},{"startTime":5719.346,"endTime":5720.448,"body":"would afflict your people."},{"startTime":5720.848,"endTime":5722.016,"body":"And so that's not going to work."},{"startTime":5722.016,"endTime":5725.286,"body":"So the idea of a bioweapon is going to"},{"startTime":5725.286,"endTime":5728.589,"body":"come with, we have some kind of a thing"},{"startTime":5728.589,"endTime":5730.725,"body":"to prevent it like a vaccine or some kind"},{"startTime":5730.725,"endTime":5733.928,"body":"of curative agent and our enemy doesn't."},{"startTime":5734.428,"endTime":5736.33,"body":"And so we're gonna deploy this pathogen"},{"startTime":5736.33,"endTime":5738.432,"body":"and let it take care of what would"},{"startTime":5738.432,"endTime":5739.934,"body":"otherwise be battlefield work."},{"startTime":5740.901,"endTime":5741.769,"body":"That's very tantalizing."},{"startTime":5742.67,"endTime":5746.707,"body":"So we've got who knows how many decades"},{"startTime":5746.707,"endTime":5750.911,"body":"invested in modern biological exploration"},{"startTime":5750.911,"endTime":5752.213,"body":"of the possibility of"},{"startTime":5752.213,"endTime":5753.214,"body":"weaponizing pathogens."},{"startTime":5753.681,"endTime":5755.95,"body":"If you wanna read about this, it's in"},{"startTime":5755.95,"endTime":5758.185,"body":"Bobby Kennedy's recent book,"},{"startTime":5760.354,"endTime":5761.622,"body":"the one on Wuhan, I can't"},{"startTime":5761.622,"endTime":5763.09,"body":"remember its title, but-- It's"},{"startTime":5763.09,"endTime":5764.191,"body":"like the Wuhan cover up or something."},{"startTime":5764.191,"endTime":5765.726,"body":"Yeah, the Wuhan cover up, I think."},{"startTime":5765.726,"endTime":5766.227,"body":"Okay, good."},{"startTime":5766.694,"endTime":5770.03,"body":"So if you wanna know all about bioweapons"},{"startTime":5770.03,"endTime":5771.832,"body":"research, not just in the West, but all"},{"startTime":5771.832,"endTime":5773.534,"body":"around the world, you can go to that book"},{"startTime":5773.534,"endTime":5775.236,"body":"and it will shock you."},{"startTime":5776.237,"endTime":5778.672,"body":"So you've got a bioweapons, a cryptic"},{"startTime":5778.672,"endTime":5779.907,"body":"bioweapons industry."},{"startTime":5780.708,"endTime":5782.71,"body":"In the US, it is forbidden to operate"},{"startTime":5782.81,"endTime":5784.645,"body":"unless the research it"},{"startTime":5784.645,"endTime":5785.813,"body":"is doing is dual use."},{"startTime":5785.813,"endTime":5787.114,"body":"It has a public health benefit."},{"startTime":5787.381,"endTime":5789.183,"body":"So disguising their work as public health"},{"startTime":5789.183,"endTime":5792.019,"body":"oriented is built in at the ground level."},{"startTime":5794.121,"endTime":5797.491,"body":"They have discovered painstakingly that"},{"startTime":5797.491,"endTime":5799.894,"body":"all of the lovely pathogens of the earth"},{"startTime":5800.127,"endTime":5802.83,"body":"make poor or the lovely human pathogens"},{"startTime":5802.83,"endTime":5805.266,"body":"of the earth make poor bioweapons."},{"startTime":5805.566,"endTime":5807.334,"body":"And the reason is because of some basic"},{"startTime":5807.334,"endTime":5809.97,"body":"evolutionary trade-offs, right?"},{"startTime":5810.571,"endTime":5812.373,"body":"If something's gonna work as a bioweapon,"},{"startTime":5812.873,"endTime":5816.844,"body":"it has to be highly contagious, it has to"},{"startTime":5816.844,"endTime":5821.448,"body":"be devastating, and already you've got a"},{"startTime":5821.448,"endTime":5823.751,"body":"problem because the contagiousness is"},{"startTime":5823.751,"endTime":5825.953,"body":"likely to be much more effective if it"},{"startTime":5825.953,"endTime":5827.688,"body":"has a long latency period"},{"startTime":5827.688,"endTime":5828.989,"body":"that allows people to disperse."},{"startTime":5829.824,"endTime":5832.326,"body":"So basically they've come down to a small"},{"startTime":5832.326,"endTime":5834.828,"body":"number of useful pathogens and the"},{"startTime":5834.828,"endTime":5836.163,"body":"weaponization potential of"},{"startTime":5836.163,"endTime":5837.264,"body":"all of them is disappointing."},{"startTime":5838.332,"endTime":5839.9,"body":"The next part of this is conjecture."},{"startTime":5841.502,"endTime":5843.571,"body":"If you were a dyed in the wool weapons"},{"startTime":5843.571,"endTime":5846.874,"body":"guy like Anthony Fauci, you would think,"},{"startTime":5846.874,"endTime":5849.109,"body":"isn't it a shame that we have so few"},{"startTime":5849.109,"endTime":5852.146,"body":"pathogens to play with when nature is so"},{"startTime":5852.146,"endTime":5853.447,"body":"full of pathogens that"},{"startTime":5853.447,"endTime":5854.715,"body":"we haven't even seen yet?"},{"startTime":5854.715,"endTime":5856.25,"body":"Who knows what might be out there?"},{"startTime":5856.684,"endTime":5857.651,"body":"And so the question is,"},{"startTime":5857.651,"endTime":5859.653,"body":"well, why can't you use those?"},{"startTime":5859.92,"endTime":5861.021,"body":"Oh, because they don't infect people."},{"startTime":5861.755,"endTime":5863.324,"body":"Well, maybe we can fix that."},{"startTime":5863.824,"endTime":5864.892,"body":"Oh, well, how would you fix it?"},{"startTime":5865.292,"endTime":5866.66,"body":"Oh, well, what you would do is you would"},{"startTime":5866.66,"endTime":5868.796,"body":"use a laboratory to play the"},{"startTime":5868.796,"endTime":5871.065,"body":"role of an intermediate host"},{"startTime":5872.733,"endTime":5875.703,"body":"causing apparent zoonosis to happen"},{"startTime":5876.403,"endTime":5877.972,"body":"through this gain of function."},{"startTime":5877.972,"endTime":5879.607,"body":"You can accelerate the process in a"},{"startTime":5879.607,"endTime":5881.508,"body":"smaller population of animals by being"},{"startTime":5881.508,"endTime":5883.043,"body":"systematic and deliberate about it."},{"startTime":5883.577,"endTime":5885.779,"body":"So people like Fauci will"},{"startTime":5885.779,"endTime":5888.115,"body":"salivate over the prospect."},{"startTime":5888.449,"endTime":5890.417,"body":"We've got 16 weaponizable human"},{"startTime":5890.417,"endTime":5892.686,"body":"pathogens, but we've got millions of"},{"startTime":5892.686,"endTime":5894.989,"body":"potentially weaponizable pathogens out in"},{"startTime":5894.989,"endTime":5896.79,"body":"nature and all we gotta do is teach them"},{"startTime":5896.79,"endTime":5898.459,"body":"to infect humans in order to figure out"},{"startTime":5898.459,"endTime":5899.26,"body":"which ones might be"},{"startTime":5899.26,"endTime":5900.394,"body":"better than the ones we've got."},{"startTime":5901.195,"endTime":5902.529,"body":"So that's the game that"},{"startTime":5902.529,"endTime":5903.43,"body":"I think they're playing."},{"startTime":5903.764,"endTime":5906.333,"body":"Now, the problem is that the reason that"},{"startTime":5906.333,"endTime":5909.403,"body":"there are so few weaponizable human"},{"startTime":5909.403,"endTime":5912.006,"body":"pathogens has to do with the underlying"},{"startTime":5912.006,"endTime":5914.108,"body":"biology, that nature doesn't produce"},{"startTime":5914.108,"endTime":5916.21,"body":"these things very well, right?"},{"startTime":5916.21,"endTime":5918.279,"body":"To the extent that something can be made"},{"startTime":5918.279,"endTime":5921.048,"body":"to infect humans, even if you can make it"},{"startTime":5921.048,"endTime":5923.884,"body":"devastating, and many pathogens are"},{"startTime":5923.884,"endTime":5925.653,"body":"initially devastating when you introduce"},{"startTime":5925.653,"endTime":5927.588,"body":"them into a human population, but then"},{"startTime":5927.588,"endTime":5928.656,"body":"evolution takes over."},{"startTime":5928.889,"endTime":5930.824,"body":"And the same thing that makes them exist"},{"startTime":5930.824,"endTime":5933.46,"body":"in a tolerable form in nature tends to"},{"startTime":5933.46,"endTime":5935.195,"body":"take over as they spread"},{"startTime":5935.195,"endTime":5936.263,"body":"in the human population."},{"startTime":5936.263,"endTime":5937.498,"body":"And so they become disappointing."},{"startTime":5938.565,"endTime":5940.167,"body":"So from the perspective--"},{"startTime":5940.434,"endTime":5941.235,"body":"Disappointing from a weapon."},{"startTime":5941.268,"endTime":5943.404,"body":"Yeah, from the perspective of madmen,"},{"startTime":5944.405,"endTime":5945.773,"body":"they are all going to end up"},{"startTime":5945.94,"endTime":5947.341,"body":"disappointing in the same ways."},{"startTime":5947.341,"endTime":5949.276,"body":"They're gonna keep reproducing the same"},{"startTime":5949.276,"endTime":5952.613,"body":"flaws as the weaponized"},{"startTime":5952.613,"endTime":5953.948,"body":"pathogens they've already got."},{"startTime":5954.748,"endTime":5955.449,"body":"So what do you do?"},{"startTime":5956.383,"endTime":5957.952,"body":"Well, the right thing to do is to realize"},{"startTime":5957.952,"endTime":5959.42,"body":"that the whole thing was immoral to begin"},{"startTime":5959.42,"endTime":5960.587,"body":"with and to shut it down,"},{"startTime":5960.954,"endTime":5962.356,"body":"but that's not how people work."},{"startTime":5963.457,"endTime":5965.793,"body":"What people do is they figure out a way"},{"startTime":5966.46,"endTime":5967.761,"body":"to make what they're doing useful."},{"startTime":5968.062,"endTime":5969.396,"body":"If it doesn't do the thing that you built"},{"startTime":5969.396,"endTime":5971.031,"body":"it to do, you can maybe"},{"startTime":5971.031,"endTime":5972.232,"body":"make it do something else."},{"startTime":5972.232,"endTime":5973.667,"body":"And this is where I think we are."},{"startTime":5974.702,"endTime":5977.671,"body":"I suspect that the point is, well, you"},{"startTime":5977.671,"endTime":5979.306,"body":"had an industry that was cryptically"},{"startTime":5979.306,"endTime":5982.009,"body":"trying to make a weapon in which building"},{"startTime":5982.009,"endTime":5984.511,"body":"a vaccine was part of"},{"startTime":5984.511,"endTime":5985.98,"body":"the equation to begin with."},{"startTime":5986.313,"endTime":5988.015,"body":"So you build them as a pair, you build a"},{"startTime":5988.015,"endTime":5988.749,"body":"weapon and you build a"},{"startTime":5988.749,"endTime":5990.851,"body":"vaccine, that's not really working."},{"startTime":5992.186,"endTime":5994.455,"body":"But what that means is that you've got"},{"startTime":5994.455,"endTime":5996.724,"body":"your tentacles so deeply into the vaccine"},{"startTime":5996.724,"endTime":5998.392,"body":"industry that maybe"},{"startTime":5998.392,"endTime":6000.127,"body":"there's another approach here."},{"startTime":6000.527,"endTime":6003.13,"body":"Maybe the idea is, well, if this isn't a"},{"startTime":6003.13,"endTime":6005.366,"body":"profitable thing to build as a weapon, if"},{"startTime":6005.366,"endTime":6007.835,"body":"we can't be weapons manufacturers, we can"},{"startTime":6007.835,"endTime":6009.803,"body":"be pandemic manufacturers and then we can"},{"startTime":6009.803,"endTime":6012.406,"body":"sell our vaccine as a solution."},{"startTime":6013.173,"endTime":6017.144,"body":"And that solution is gonna require a"},{"startTime":6017.144,"endTime":6020.381,"body":"bunch of theater because what you don't"},{"startTime":6020.381,"endTime":6023.784,"body":"want is to produce a vaccine with the"},{"startTime":6023.784,"endTime":6026.286,"body":"full expense and all of the hurdles to"},{"startTime":6026.286,"endTime":6029.223,"body":"bringing it to market and the legal"},{"startTime":6029.223,"endTime":6031.425,"body":"liability and all of the stuff that would"},{"startTime":6031.425,"endTime":6032.493,"body":"normally go along with that."},{"startTime":6032.493,"endTime":6035.696,"body":"So the point is, what you really need is"},{"startTime":6035.696,"endTime":6039.166,"body":"a kind of emergency that causes people to"},{"startTime":6039.166,"endTime":6041.502,"body":"be desperate for a solution in which they"},{"startTime":6041.502,"endTime":6043.971,"body":"will accept suspension of liability"},{"startTime":6044.304,"endTime":6047.007,"body":"through either EUA or getting it on the"},{"startTime":6047.007,"endTime":6049.176,"body":"childhood schedule or whatever it is, get"},{"startTime":6049.176,"endTime":6050.711,"body":"the government to pay for it so the"},{"startTime":6050.711,"endTime":6052.346,"body":"public doesn't even know what it costs."},{"startTime":6052.346,"endTime":6053.781,"body":"It just comes to them free."},{"startTime":6054.415,"endTime":6056.717,"body":"Maybe you lock them down so that they"},{"startTime":6056.717,"endTime":6058.018,"body":"want the vaccine so they can"},{"startTime":6058.018,"endTime":6061.088,"body":"go back to doing their work."},{"startTime":6061.755,"endTime":6062.99,"body":"And if you can get the government to"},{"startTime":6062.99,"endTime":6064.825,"body":"mandate the thing, that's as"},{"startTime":6064.825,"endTime":6066.46,"body":"always the brass ring, right?"},{"startTime":6066.96,"endTime":6069.163,"body":"So I think what we are seeing"},{"startTime":6070.597,"endTime":6071.965,"body":"is we have seen a"},{"startTime":6071.965,"endTime":6073.434,"body":"number of trial balloons."},{"startTime":6074.201,"endTime":6076.67,"body":"We saw bird flu, as you point out."},{"startTime":6076.67,"endTime":6079.573,"body":"We saw RSV, we saw monkey pox, and it's"},{"startTime":6079.573,"endTime":6081.508,"body":"like, huh, we'll throw stuff at the wall"},{"startTime":6081.508,"endTime":6083.61,"body":"and see what sticks, what spooks people,"},{"startTime":6083.61,"endTime":6084.678,"body":"what catches on, what--"},{"startTime":6084.978,"endTime":6086.046,"body":"Well, I think, I mean, I think they've"},{"startTime":6086.046,"endTime":6086.814,"body":"been successful in"},{"startTime":6086.814,"endTime":6088.082,"body":"spooking people about bird flu."},{"startTime":6088.549,"endTime":6090.083,"body":"I don't think that's dead in the water."},{"startTime":6090.184,"endTime":6091.185,"body":"Well, I don't think it's"},{"startTime":6091.185,"endTime":6092.086,"body":"dead in the water either."},{"startTime":6093.887,"endTime":6096.824,"body":"But I think the problem really is that"},{"startTime":6096.824,"endTime":6098.425,"body":"the public has developed a certain"},{"startTime":6098.425,"endTime":6101.829,"body":"natural immunity to this ploy, that we"},{"startTime":6101.829,"endTime":6103.664,"body":"are so skeptical now after what we were"},{"startTime":6103.664,"endTime":6106.266,"body":"put through over COVID, and many of us"},{"startTime":6106.266,"endTime":6107.968,"body":"are now educated, right?"},{"startTime":6107.968,"endTime":6109.736,"body":"Not only are we skeptical of whatever the"},{"startTime":6109.736,"endTime":6112.005,"body":"hell we're being told, but we are"},{"startTime":6112.005,"endTime":6114.475,"body":"educated in what the various tricks are,"},{"startTime":6114.475,"endTime":6115.576,"body":"the way pharma works."},{"startTime":6116.71,"endTime":6118.745,"body":"So it's become a more"},{"startTime":6118.745,"endTime":6120.013,"body":"difficult landscape."},{"startTime":6120.013,"endTime":6121.849,"body":"And I think, you know, I've said"},{"startTime":6123.083,"endTime":6124.251,"body":"in a couple of different places, but I"},{"startTime":6124.251,"endTime":6125.719,"body":"think I said on a DarkHorse a couple"},{"startTime":6125.719,"endTime":6127.754,"body":"months ago, that we really should be"},{"startTime":6127.754,"endTime":6130.991,"body":"spending more time thinking about what a"},{"startTime":6130.991,"endTime":6132.893,"body":"tabletop exercise is."},{"startTime":6133.894,"endTime":6134.595,"body":"There was a tabletop"},{"startTime":6134.595,"endTime":6136.096,"body":"exercise before COVID."},{"startTime":6136.096,"endTime":6137.131,"body":"You've went two-oh-one."},{"startTime":6137.831,"endTime":6138.499,"body":"I don't know the term."},{"startTime":6139.7,"endTime":6142.202,"body":"Tabletop exercise, you gather a bunch of"},{"startTime":6142.202,"endTime":6145.005,"body":"people who, whoever the monsters are who"},{"startTime":6145.005,"endTime":6145.839,"body":"do these things would"},{"startTime":6145.839,"endTime":6147.708,"body":"call stakeholders, right?"},{"startTime":6147.875,"endTime":6149.61,"body":"People who have to do things, right?"},{"startTime":6149.81,"endTime":6152.045,"body":"Public health officials, industry people,"},{"startTime":6153.213,"endTime":6155.716,"body":"you know, the press, whatever it is."},{"startTime":6155.716,"endTime":6159.052,"body":"You gather them in a conference center,"},{"startTime":6160.154,"endTime":6163.357,"body":"and you put together like, okay, the"},{"startTime":6163.357,"endTime":6165.659,"body":"scenario for this tabletop exercise is"},{"startTime":6165.659,"endTime":6167.194,"body":"there's an outbreak of"},{"startTime":6167.194,"endTime":6169.263,"body":"a deadly coronavirus."},{"startTime":6169.296,"endTime":6173.934,"body":"It starts in Vietnam, and it's going to"},{"startTime":6173.934,"endTime":6177.804,"body":"spread at first to Europe, and then it's"},{"startTime":6177.804,"endTime":6178.972,"body":"a case in Australia."},{"startTime":6179.473,"endTime":6181.308,"body":"So you go through the exercise, and"},{"startTime":6181.308,"endTime":6184.545,"body":"they'll have like fake news reports, so"},{"startTime":6184.545,"endTime":6187.347,"body":"that you feel the real life drama of this"},{"startTime":6187.347,"endTime":6188.982,"body":"thing spreading across the world."},{"startTime":6189.283,"endTime":6190.417,"body":"And then the question is, okay, now what"},{"startTime":6190.417,"endTime":6191.285,"body":"are you all gonna do?"},{"startTime":6191.285,"endTime":6193.554,"body":"All right, your job is to figure out how"},{"startTime":6193.554,"endTime":6195.556,"body":"to tamp down the vaccine skeptics,"},{"startTime":6195.689,"endTime":6196.99,"body":"because we're not gonna get herd immunity"},{"startTime":6196.99,"endTime":6197.758,"body":"if there are a lot of"},{"startTime":6197.758,"endTime":6198.692,"body":"people not taking the vaccine."},{"startTime":6199.259,"endTime":6202.296,"body":"And your job is going to be to coordinate"},{"startTime":6202.296,"endTime":6205.332,"body":"industry, and your job is gonna figure"},{"startTime":6205.332,"endTime":6207.267,"body":"out how to get this paid for so that, you"},{"startTime":6207.267,"endTime":6208.802,"body":"know, finances aren't as an obstacle."},{"startTime":6209.269,"endTime":6210.103,"body":"Presumably it's not,"},{"startTime":6211.204,"endTime":6213.173,"body":"you haven't said like who establishes the"},{"startTime":6213.173,"endTime":6214.708,"body":"tabletop exercise, but this would be more"},{"startTime":6214.708,"endTime":6217.01,"body":"effective if instead of within this"},{"startTime":6217.01,"endTime":6219.112,"body":"framing, all the stakeholders, all of"},{"startTime":6219.112,"endTime":6220.914,"body":"whom are perfectly willing and interested"},{"startTime":6220.914,"endTime":6223.75,"body":"in doing immoral things, aren't being"},{"startTime":6223.75,"endTime":6225.285,"body":"told what they will do, but are"},{"startTime":6225.285,"endTime":6226.787,"body":"discovering what will happen and"},{"startTime":6226.787,"endTime":6228.288,"body":"therefore what they will do, and"},{"startTime":6228.288,"endTime":6229.089,"body":"therefore have practiced"},{"startTime":6229.089,"endTime":6230.49,"body":"it before it comes to pass."},{"startTime":6230.49,"endTime":6232.826,"body":"I think this is actually one, this is why"},{"startTime":6232.826,"endTime":6233.794,"body":"I say we need to focus"},{"startTime":6233.794,"endTime":6234.628,"body":"more on these things."},{"startTime":6234.628,"endTime":6236.163,"body":"We need to understand what they are and"},{"startTime":6236.163,"endTime":6236.863,"body":"why they happen"},{"startTime":6236.863,"endTime":6238.665,"body":"before these events, right?"},{"startTime":6238.665,"endTime":6241.268,"body":"And one of the ideas is partly, we're"},{"startTime":6241.268,"endTime":6243.17,"body":"gonna tell you the scenario as we've sort"},{"startTime":6243.17,"endTime":6245.272,"body":"of, you know, sketched it out, and then"},{"startTime":6245.272,"endTime":6246.273,"body":"you're gonna innovate."},{"startTime":6246.273,"endTime":6247.608,"body":"You're gonna figure out what we can do"},{"startTime":6247.608,"endTime":6248.709,"body":"better and what we're missing."},{"startTime":6248.775,"endTime":6249.743,"body":"You're gonna see what's happening and"},{"startTime":6249.743,"endTime":6252.879,"body":"what tools you have that we may have not"},{"startTime":6252.879,"endTime":6253.914,"body":"even thought of that you"},{"startTime":6253.914,"endTime":6254.848,"body":"can bring to bear here."},{"startTime":6254.948,"endTime":6256.583,"body":"And mind you, I don't think all the"},{"startTime":6256.583,"endTime":6258.218,"body":"people who participate in the tabletop"},{"startTime":6258.218,"endTime":6261.154,"body":"exercises are immoral bad people."},{"startTime":6261.421,"endTime":6263.223,"body":"In fact, I think one of the purposes of"},{"startTime":6263.223,"endTime":6265.559,"body":"them is to groove you into the idea of"},{"startTime":6265.559,"endTime":6267.594,"body":"what your role in making the world better"},{"startTime":6267.594,"endTime":6268.528,"body":"is going to be when"},{"startTime":6268.528,"endTime":6269.997,"body":"the emergency shows up."},{"startTime":6270.564,"endTime":6272.833,"body":"But there's something odd about Event 201"},{"startTime":6273.166,"endTime":6275.168,"body":"shows up right before COVID and it's like"},{"startTime":6275.168,"endTime":6277.638,"body":"not perfectly exactly a description of"},{"startTime":6277.638,"endTime":6279.94,"body":"what happened, but it's so close that you"},{"startTime":6279.94,"endTime":6281.475,"body":"have to think, well, what was that?"},{"startTime":6281.808,"endTime":6284.378,"body":"Was that like a tap on the"},{"startTime":6284.378,"endTime":6285.746,"body":"shoulder for certain people?"},{"startTime":6285.746,"endTime":6287.114,"body":"Like, hey, this thing's coming."},{"startTime":6287.681,"endTime":6288.315,"body":"Figure out how you're"},{"startTime":6288.315,"endTime":6289.216,"body":"gonna position yourself."},{"startTime":6289.583,"endTime":6290.884,"body":"At the same time, we're training these"},{"startTime":6290.884,"endTime":6292.686,"body":"people so they know what to do and we"},{"startTime":6292.686,"endTime":6294.554,"body":"don't have to, you know, coordinate a"},{"startTime":6294.554,"endTime":6296.323,"body":"world full of people who are, you know,"},{"startTime":6296.757,"endTime":6298.191,"body":"grappling with this in real time because"},{"startTime":6298.191,"endTime":6299.726,"body":"they've been run through it so they feel"},{"startTime":6299.726,"endTime":6300.994,"body":"like they've got some expertise."},{"startTime":6301.628,"endTime":6303.497,"body":"But the point is, okay, there's a"},{"startTime":6303.497,"endTime":6305.232,"body":"tabletop exercise on this one too."},{"startTime":6305.966,"endTime":6307.2,"body":"It was a two-part exercise."},{"startTime":6307.467,"endTime":6309.302,"body":"I don't know a ton about it yet, but some"},{"startTime":6309.302,"endTime":6312.339,"body":"Polaris and Polaris two exercise, the"},{"startTime":6312.339,"endTime":6313.473,"body":"first one actually involved"},{"startTime":6313.473,"endTime":6314.708,"body":"an outbreak on a cruise ship."},{"startTime":6315.275,"endTime":6317.511,"body":"So anyway, all I'm saying is I don't"},{"startTime":6317.511,"endTime":6319.379,"body":"think we yet know, but we need to know"},{"startTime":6319.379,"endTime":6321.248,"body":"more about what these tabletop exercises"},{"startTime":6321.248,"endTime":6324.251,"body":"are, how they are funded, how they are"},{"startTime":6324.251,"endTime":6327.02,"body":"planned, why they seem to show up right"},{"startTime":6327.02,"endTime":6328.021,"body":"before these events."},{"startTime":6328.855,"endTime":6330.09,"body":"It's all not very"},{"startTime":6330.09,"endTime":6331.625,"body":"organic, let's put it that way."},{"startTime":6332.793,"endTime":6334.127,"body":"But all right, to put the pieces"},{"startTime":6334.127,"endTime":6337.364,"body":"together, if you accept my claim that"},{"startTime":6337.364,"endTime":6340.067,"body":"you've got a bio weapons industry that"},{"startTime":6340.067,"endTime":6341.902,"body":"has discovered that actually the thing it"},{"startTime":6341.902,"endTime":6344.004,"body":"wants to create is pretty close to"},{"startTime":6344.004,"endTime":6346.74,"body":"impossible, a really useful bio weapon"},{"startTime":6346.74,"endTime":6348.375,"body":"that doesn't jeopardize your own people"},{"startTime":6349.009,"endTime":6351.211,"body":"as it devastates your enemy, and they've"},{"startTime":6351.211,"endTime":6354.214,"body":"repurposed and they've become a kind of"},{"startTime":6354.214,"endTime":6356.95,"body":"industry that creates the problem and the"},{"startTime":6356.95,"endTime":6360.02,"body":"solution and presents them together, then"},{"startTime":6360.02,"endTime":6362.322,"body":"you're gonna run into this"},{"startTime":6362.322,"endTime":6367.027,"body":"single-stranded RNA virus and ivermectin"},{"startTime":6367.027,"endTime":6368.195,"body":"problem again and again."},{"startTime":6368.929,"endTime":6369.162,"body":"Why?"},{"startTime":6370.364,"endTime":6372.632,"body":"Well, the answer is if you are running a"},{"startTime":6372.632,"endTime":6375.168,"body":"gain of function lab and your purpose is"},{"startTime":6375.168,"endTime":6377.704,"body":"to create something that's spooky enough"},{"startTime":6377.904,"endTime":6380.073,"body":"that the public will embrace the measures"},{"startTime":6380.073,"endTime":6381.675,"body":"that you need them to embrace in order"},{"startTime":6381.675,"endTime":6382.709,"body":"for it to be profitable,"},{"startTime":6383.777,"endTime":6385.846,"body":"then you need"},{"startTime":6385.846,"endTime":6387.047,"body":"something that evolves quickly."},{"startTime":6388.148,"endTime":6391.385,"body":"And so single-stranded RNA viruses,"},{"startTime":6391.485,"endTime":6393.453,"body":"because they are single-stranded, evolve"},{"startTime":6393.453,"endTime":6395.522,"body":"at a much higher rate than a"},{"startTime":6395.522,"endTime":6398.391,"body":"double-stranded like a DNA virus,"},{"startTime":6399.459,"endTime":6401.395,"body":"because every time there's a mutation,"},{"startTime":6401.628,"endTime":6402.028,"body":"there's no"},{"startTime":6402.028,"endTime":6404.264,"body":"corresponding strand to correct it."},{"startTime":6405.232,"endTime":6407.2,"body":"So if you're a gain of function person,"},{"startTime":6407.501,"endTime":6409.403,"body":"which pathogens are you going to look to?"},{"startTime":6409.803,"endTime":6411.705,"body":"You're probably gonna look to the RNA"},{"startTime":6411.705,"endTime":6414.608,"body":"viruses because, and there are some"},{"startTime":6414.608,"endTime":6416.309,"body":"double-stranded RNA viruses, but put them"},{"startTime":6416.309,"endTime":6417.811,"body":"aside for a second, you're gonna look to"},{"startTime":6417.811,"endTime":6420.447,"body":"the single-stranded RNA viruses because"},{"startTime":6420.447,"endTime":6425.352,"body":"they're essentially well-structured for"},{"startTime":6425.352,"endTime":6427.387,"body":"the work that you do know how to do."},{"startTime":6427.821,"endTime":6428.955,"body":"And this was an important point."},{"startTime":6429.689,"endTime":6431.858,"body":"We think of ourselves, most people think"},{"startTime":6431.858,"endTime":6433.026,"body":"of us as very"},{"startTime":6433.026,"endTime":6434.761,"body":"biologically sophisticated, right?"},{"startTime":6434.761,"endTime":6437.964,"body":"We've got CRISPR, we've got gene,"},{"startTime":6438.965,"endTime":6442.803,"body":"we've got genetic technology to alter the"},{"startTime":6442.803,"endTime":6444.571,"body":"functioning of things, but we still don't"},{"startTime":6444.571,"endTime":6446.706,"body":"know very much about biology, right?"},{"startTime":6446.706,"endTime":6448.175,"body":"We can't make a virus, we"},{"startTime":6448.175,"endTime":6449.042,"body":"don't know how to do it."},{"startTime":6449.276,"endTime":6453.513,"body":"We can't do very much except borrow"},{"startTime":6453.513,"endTime":6455.248,"body":"tricks from over here like a fur and"},{"startTime":6455.248,"endTime":6457.984,"body":"cleavage site and put it on a virus over"},{"startTime":6457.984,"endTime":6458.985,"body":"there that didn't have it."},{"startTime":6458.985,"endTime":6460.987,"body":"I mean, that's a huge jump, but it's not"},{"startTime":6460.987,"endTime":6462.255,"body":"like we wrote it, right?"},{"startTime":6462.489,"endTime":6465.091,"body":"It wrote itself and then we moved it to a"},{"startTime":6465.091,"endTime":6466.76,"body":"new pathogen and made something that"},{"startTime":6466.76,"endTime":6467.594,"body":"could infect people."},{"startTime":6467.627,"endTime":6468.495,"body":"We can cut and cleave."},{"startTime":6468.795,"endTime":6470.096,"body":"Yeah, we can cut and cleave."},{"startTime":6470.463,"endTime":6471.231,"body":"But the point is that"},{"startTime":6471.231,"endTime":6473.066,"body":"only takes you so far, right?"},{"startTime":6473.433,"endTime":6474.467,"body":"Only takes you so far."},{"startTime":6474.968,"endTime":6478.338,"body":"Once you do that, you need evolution to"},{"startTime":6478.338,"endTime":6480.04,"body":"solve all of the other biological"},{"startTime":6480.04,"endTime":6482.108,"body":"problems that make a virus work."},{"startTime":6482.876,"endTime":6484.344,"body":"So you're gonna need gain of function."},{"startTime":6484.744,"endTime":6488.248,"body":"Gain of function is that's code for let's"},{"startTime":6488.248,"endTime":6489.749,"body":"let evolution solve this because we don't"},{"startTime":6489.749,"endTime":6491.251,"body":"know enough to do it, right?"},{"startTime":6491.718,"endTime":6493.753,"body":"So you're gonna use gain of function"},{"startTime":6493.753,"endTime":6496.656,"body":"research, which means single-stranded RNA"},{"startTime":6496.656,"endTime":6500.193,"body":"is your go-to set of clades because they"},{"startTime":6500.193,"endTime":6502.095,"body":"are gonna evolve much faster in the"},{"startTime":6502.095,"endTime":6504.13,"body":"context of your laboratory of ferrets or"},{"startTime":6504.13,"endTime":6505.031,"body":"whatever you're gonna use."},{"startTime":6505.065,"endTime":6506.032,"body":"They're gonna be least"},{"startTime":6506.032,"endTime":6507.033,"body":"resistant to tinkering."},{"startTime":6507.434,"endTime":6509.135,"body":"Right, and so you can come up with"},{"startTime":6509.135,"endTime":6511.638,"body":"something that is probably not good"},{"startTime":6511.638,"endTime":6514.507,"body":"enough to create a meaningful human"},{"startTime":6514.507,"endTime":6517.677,"body":"pandemic that requires radical action"},{"startTime":6517.677,"endTime":6519.312,"body":"that you just happen to have ready."},{"startTime":6520.814,"endTime":6521.381,"body":"But it might be good"},{"startTime":6521.381,"endTime":6522.482,"body":"enough to create a story."},{"startTime":6523.25,"endTime":6524.751,"body":"If you can get the Chinese to collaborate"},{"startTime":6524.951,"endTime":6526.486,"body":"on having some people collapse in the"},{"startTime":6526.486,"endTime":6528.655,"body":"street in front of a video camera, then"},{"startTime":6528.655,"endTime":6529.689,"body":"the public will freak out."},{"startTime":6530.59,"endTime":6532.525,"body":"And the doctors will freak out because"},{"startTime":6532.525,"endTime":6534.594,"body":"they think they're gonna be on the front"},{"startTime":6534.594,"endTime":6537.464,"body":"lines of a viral pandemic that's killing"},{"startTime":6537.464,"endTime":6540.5,"body":"3% of the people it infects."},{"startTime":6540.901,"endTime":6542.569,"body":"So you get everybody primed with your"},{"startTime":6542.569,"endTime":6545.005,"body":"tabletop exercise, and then a whole lot"},{"startTime":6545.005,"endTime":6547.307,"body":"of propaganda causes them to effectively"},{"startTime":6547.307,"endTime":6549.342,"body":"be begging for the solution that you need"},{"startTime":6549.342,"endTime":6550.377,"body":"an excuse to deploy."},{"startTime":6551.244,"endTime":6554.147,"body":"And so this is one of the places that I"},{"startTime":6554.147,"endTime":6556.883,"body":"see another whole bunch of bullshit"},{"startTime":6557.083,"endTime":6561.254,"body":"surrounding this particular story."},{"startTime":6562.055,"endTime":6565.892,"body":"One of the things, a Twitter account, we"},{"startTime":6565.892,"endTime":6567.127,"body":"know him, it's not his real name, but"},{"startTime":6567.127,"endTime":6571.298,"body":"Rogan Joshi put out a tweet I think I"},{"startTime":6571.298,"endTime":6573.767,"body":"sent it to you, Jen, in which he says,"},{"startTime":6574.534,"endTime":6577.37,"body":"guess who was working on a Hantavirus?"},{"startTime":6578.338,"endTime":6579.94,"body":"He says, you'll never guess who's been"},{"startTime":6579.94,"endTime":6582.542,"body":"working on an mRNA Hantavirus vaccine."},{"startTime":6583.81,"endTime":6587.547,"body":"And he puts a screenshot from an article"},{"startTime":6587.747,"endTime":6589.649,"body":"from the Korea Biomedical Review,"},{"startTime":6590.216,"endTime":6592.085,"body":"Moderna, and Korea University to"},{"startTime":6592.085,"endTime":6593.82,"body":"co-develop Hantavirus vaccine."},{"startTime":6596.089,"endTime":6597.557,"body":"So somebody's already"},{"startTime":6597.557,"endTime":6599.025,"body":"working on a Hantavirus vaccine."},{"startTime":6599.292,"endTime":6600.427,"body":"Now, on the one hand, you might say,"},{"startTime":6600.493,"endTime":6602.395,"body":"well, Hantavirus is bad, right?"},{"startTime":6602.829,"endTime":6605.966,"body":"In many cases, frankly,"},{"startTime":6605.966,"endTime":6607.067,"body":"there's an asterisk here."},{"startTime":6607.5,"endTime":6608.902,"body":"The case fatality rate is"},{"startTime":6608.902,"endTime":6610.303,"body":"very high, like 20 to 40%."},{"startTime":6610.937,"endTime":6612.005,"body":"For some of the strains."},{"startTime":6612.038,"endTime":6612.839,"body":"For some of the strains."},{"startTime":6613.606,"endTime":6616.943,"body":"But that 20 to 40% is in people who don't"},{"startTime":6616.943,"endTime":6618.845,"body":"have access to high quality medical care."},{"startTime":6619.713,"endTime":6621.314,"body":"As you pointed out when we talked about"},{"startTime":6621.314,"endTime":6622.615,"body":"this before, it's a"},{"startTime":6622.615,"endTime":6624.584,"body":"little bit like cholera."},{"startTime":6624.584,"endTime":6625.485,"body":"Like cholera, yes."},{"startTime":6625.752,"endTime":6627.387,"body":"Cholera, which is deadly if you don't"},{"startTime":6627.387,"endTime":6629.255,"body":"have access to clean water."},{"startTime":6629.689,"endTime":6631.491,"body":"In which case, it's basically survivable."},{"startTime":6632.192,"endTime":6634.527,"body":"So this is worse than that, I think, but"},{"startTime":6634.527,"endTime":6637.163,"body":"it's not nearly as deadly as it sounds"},{"startTime":6637.163,"endTime":6638.331,"body":"when you hear 20 to 40%."},{"startTime":6638.565,"endTime":6639.733,"body":"It's like, oh my God,"},{"startTime":6639.733,"endTime":6641.368,"body":"that's a terrifying virus."},{"startTime":6641.835,"endTime":6642.969,"body":"Well, it is terrifying,"},{"startTime":6642.969,"endTime":6644.304,"body":"but it's not that terrifying."},{"startTime":6644.804,"endTime":6648.174,"body":"So the question though is, why is Moderna"},{"startTime":6648.174,"endTime":6650.043,"body":"working on a Hantavirus vaccine?"},{"startTime":6650.71,"endTime":6653.313,"body":"That's a very odd thing for them to do if"},{"startTime":6653.313,"endTime":6655.415,"body":"you look at the numbers of people who"},{"startTime":6655.415,"endTime":6656.516,"body":"contract Hantavirus."},{"startTime":6657.484,"endTime":6659.452,"body":"Well, I mean, to go back to your point"},{"startTime":6659.552,"endTime":6662.188,"body":"about imagining found sheep gone like,"},{"startTime":6662.188,"endTime":6663.957,"body":"okay, there's not enough human-ready"},{"startTime":6663.957,"endTime":6665.525,"body":"viruses for me to mess with."},{"startTime":6665.525,"endTime":6667.327,"body":"I'm gonna go out and look at other"},{"startTime":6667.327,"endTime":6668.328,"body":"viruses and see if we"},{"startTime":6668.328,"endTime":6669.362,"body":"can make them human-ready."},{"startTime":6670.83,"endTime":6673.933,"body":"Hantavirus is human-ready, and Moderna's"},{"startTime":6673.933,"endTime":6676.87,"body":"entire raison d'etre is mRNA technology"},{"startTime":6677.303,"endTime":6678.772,"body":"and creating vaccines"},{"startTime":6678.772,"endTime":6682.709,"body":"using mRNA technology."},{"startTime":6683.309,"endTime":6685.945,"body":"So I guess that piece of this doesn't"},{"startTime":6685.945,"endTime":6687.047,"body":"surprise me that much."},{"startTime":6687.08,"endTime":6690.183,"body":"Yeah, except when you begin to delve into"},{"startTime":6690.984,"endTime":6694.454,"body":"the number of people needed to treat in"},{"startTime":6694.454,"endTime":6697.991,"body":"order to prevent a case of Hantavirus,"},{"startTime":6697.991,"endTime":6700.593,"body":"much less a death, and the number of"},{"startTime":6700.593,"endTime":6703.129,"body":"cases annually across the globe."},{"startTime":6703.93,"endTime":6705.732,"body":"So I did some digging on that front."},{"startTime":6706.366,"endTime":6708.568,"body":"Could you put up the screenshot of the"},{"startTime":6708.568,"endTime":6710.937,"body":"bar chart, the log scale one?"},{"startTime":6711.271,"endTime":6711.471,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":6712.806,"endTime":6716.242,"body":"Okay, so here is, this is Claude's work,"},{"startTime":6716.71,"endTime":6721.915,"body":"and Claude has, in blue, the long bars"},{"startTime":6721.915,"endTime":6726.086,"body":"are the annual cases in these different"},{"startTime":6726.086,"endTime":6727.821,"body":"regions, and the red"},{"startTime":6727.821,"endTime":6729.656,"body":"are the annual deaths."},{"startTime":6730.09,"endTime":6732.459,"body":"Except this chart is very misleading."},{"startTime":6733.226,"endTime":6734.594,"body":"I'm not seeing which, what"},{"startTime":6734.594,"endTime":6736.262,"body":"regions are they labeled?"},{"startTime":6736.296,"endTime":6737.297,"body":"Oh, you can't see it?"},{"startTime":6737.297,"endTime":6737.564,"body":"Here."},{"startTime":6738.865,"endTime":6740.567,"body":"Top one, the biggest region is"},{"startTime":6740.567,"endTime":6743.203,"body":"East Asia, China, South Korea."},{"startTime":6743.203,"endTime":6744.204,"body":"It's so, such dark gray"},{"startTime":6744.204,"endTime":6745.371,"body":"against black, it's unreadable."},{"startTime":6745.772,"endTime":6745.972,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":6746.606,"endTime":6749.142,"body":"So you wanna just tell me and the"},{"startTime":6749.142,"endTime":6750.677,"body":"audience what they are in"},{"startTime":6750.677,"endTime":6752.445,"body":"order from top to the bottom?"},{"startTime":6752.545,"endTime":6754.814,"body":"Yeah, the top, the longest bars are East"},{"startTime":6754.814,"endTime":6757.05,"body":"Asia, including China and South Korea."},{"startTime":6757.65,"endTime":6758.384,"body":"I can't see it on your"},{"startTime":6758.384,"endTime":6759.452,"body":"computer, it's really dark."},{"startTime":6759.486,"endTime":6762.956,"body":"The second is Northern Europe, Nordic,"},{"startTime":6763.823,"endTime":6764.691,"body":"which actually has"},{"startTime":6764.691,"endTime":6766.926,"body":"comparatively high incidence."},{"startTime":6767.527,"endTime":6769.996,"body":"Then you have the rest of Europe, then"},{"startTime":6769.996,"endTime":6772.332,"body":"you have South America, United States,"},{"startTime":6773.233,"endTime":6774.3,"body":"Africa and Southeast"},{"startTime":6774.3,"endTime":6776.136,"body":"Asia, and then last Australia."},{"startTime":6777.003,"endTime":6778.905,"body":"But again, I would caution people,"},{"startTime":6778.972,"endTime":6781.107,"body":"because in order to make this graph"},{"startTime":6781.107,"endTime":6784.244,"body":"understandable, Claude had"},{"startTime":6784.244,"endTime":6786.012,"body":"to put it on a log scale."},{"startTime":6786.546,"endTime":6789.215,"body":"So the scale is not linear, it grows by a"},{"startTime":6789.215,"endTime":6790.917,"body":"factor of 10 with each"},{"startTime":6790.917,"endTime":6792.452,"body":"of these demarcations."},{"startTime":6793.186,"endTime":6796.556,"body":"And so the case is even worse from the"},{"startTime":6796.556,"endTime":6799.492,"body":"point of view of how many actual cases"},{"startTime":6799.492,"endTime":6800.56,"body":"and deaths there are."},{"startTime":6801.194,"endTime":6801.795,"body":"So could you put up"},{"startTime":6801.795,"endTime":6802.996,"body":"the linear scale version?"},{"startTime":6803.029,"endTime":6803.863,"body":"I had it redo the"},{"startTime":6803.863,"endTime":6806.366,"body":"chart as a linear scale."},{"startTime":6809.636,"endTime":6810.27,"body":"You don't have it?"},{"startTime":6811.271,"endTime":6811.471,"body":"No."},{"startTime":6813.106,"endTime":6815.408,"body":"Okay, well, in any case, most of the bars"},{"startTime":6815.408,"endTime":6816.376,"body":"disappear, you can't"},{"startTime":6816.376,"endTime":6817.644,"body":"even see them, right?"},{"startTime":6818.545,"endTime":6819.445,"body":"So let's see."},{"startTime":6819.479,"endTime":6821.514,"body":"The red ones, the deaths disappear into"},{"startTime":6821.514,"endTime":6822.815,"body":"nothingness, is that what you're saying?"},{"startTime":6822.916,"endTime":6824.684,"body":"Yes, that is what I'm saying."},{"startTime":6825.985,"endTime":6829.956,"body":"So I also had to do it as a table."},{"startTime":6831.424,"endTime":6834.394,"body":"You have the table."},{"startTime":6836.963,"endTime":6837.363,"body":"Cheetah's not."},{"startTime":6839.332,"endTime":6840.767,"body":"You wanna try to plug in your computer?"},{"startTime":6841.367,"endTime":6842.068,"body":"Yeah, why not?"},{"startTime":6853.846,"endTime":6854.314,"body":"Can you see that?"},{"startTime":6856.549,"endTime":6859.752,"body":"Okay, so for the--"},{"startTime":6859.986,"endTime":6862.722,"body":"So the lines are in the same order as"},{"startTime":6862.722,"endTime":6864.49,"body":"they were in the graph, top to bottom."},{"startTime":6864.757,"endTime":6865.692,"body":"Okay, so East Asia and"},{"startTime":6865.692,"endTime":6866.392,"body":"Northern Europe, okay."},{"startTime":6866.993,"endTime":6870.096,"body":"Okay, so for the worst case, East Asia,"},{"startTime":6870.73,"endTime":6872.365,"body":"including China and South Korea--"},{"startTime":6872.398,"endTime":6874.801,"body":"Well, that was, I thought, that was the"},{"startTime":6874.801,"endTime":6876.669,"body":"highest reservoir, whereas the highest"},{"startTime":6876.669,"endTime":6879.205,"body":"CFR is America, the United States."},{"startTime":6879.739,"endTime":6880.473,"body":"Right, but the number"},{"startTime":6880.473,"endTime":6881.841,"body":"of cases is so tiny."},{"startTime":6882.408,"endTime":6887.013,"body":"So in East Asia, you've got 20,000 annual"},{"startTime":6887.013,"endTime":6890.95,"body":"cases with 200 annual deaths, okay."},{"startTime":6891.551,"endTime":6893.953,"body":"For the United States, you have 30 annual"},{"startTime":6893.953,"endTime":6897.991,"body":"cases and 10 deaths, so--"},{"startTime":6899.292,"endTime":6901.594,"body":"No, but I mean, this does, now that we"},{"startTime":6901.594,"endTime":6902.629,"body":"can see the regions here,"},{"startTime":6903.663,"endTime":6906.032,"body":"yes, at the moment, South America and"},{"startTime":6906.032,"endTime":6907.7,"body":"United States, the Americas have almost"},{"startTime":6907.7,"endTime":6908.902,"body":"no cases, but the CFR"},{"startTime":6908.902,"endTime":6910.069,"body":"is quite, quite high."},{"startTime":6911.004,"endTime":6914.107,"body":"And again, that research I showed out of"},{"startTime":6914.107,"endTime":6916.743,"body":"2021, 2022 suggests that no, we still"},{"startTime":6916.743,"endTime":6918.044,"body":"don't have human to human transmission."},{"startTime":6918.244,"endTime":6920.647,"body":"This is all coming from inhalation of"},{"startTime":6920.647,"endTime":6921.914,"body":"aerosolized excreta"},{"startTime":6922.015,"endTime":6923.65,"body":"from infected rodents."},{"startTime":6924.984,"endTime":6927.153,"body":"East Asia has a tremendous reservoir of a"},{"startTime":6927.153,"endTime":6929.522,"body":"different species of Hantavirus, but it's"},{"startTime":6929.522,"endTime":6930.523,"body":"got such a low CFR,"},{"startTime":6930.823,"endTime":6932.525,"body":"it's not as big a risk."},{"startTime":6932.525,"endTime":6934.16,"body":"Right, but it's not a big enough risk to"},{"startTime":6934.16,"endTime":6936.93,"body":"justify a vaccine in any of these cases"},{"startTime":6937.03,"endTime":6939.098,"body":"because of the economics of it."},{"startTime":6939.399,"endTime":6940.366,"body":"So here, take my"},{"startTime":6940.366,"endTime":6941.401,"body":"screen down here a second."},{"startTime":6942.468,"endTime":6945.638,"body":"So did I send you the"},{"startTime":6945.638,"endTime":6947.674,"body":"economic analysis, Jen?"},{"startTime":6948.875,"endTime":6949.075,"body":"Okay."},{"startTime":6952.378,"endTime":6954.747,"body":"Do you want to plug something in again?"},{"startTime":6954.747,"endTime":6956.549,"body":"I just wanna see it, where is it?"},{"startTime":6957.317,"endTime":6958.818,"body":"Okay, well, she's got it up here."},{"startTime":6961.854,"endTime":6962.188,"body":"Is it readable?"},{"startTime":6962.388,"endTime":6962.588,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":6963.056,"endTime":6964.357,"body":"Okay, you wanna read what it says?"},{"startTime":6964.357,"endTime":6965.858,"body":"You can read my question at the top."},{"startTime":6965.892,"endTime":6967.427,"body":"Okay, so this is Bret asking Claude,"},{"startTime":6967.66,"endTime":6969.028,"body":"given the cost to develop an mRNA"},{"startTime":6969.028,"endTime":6970.029,"body":"vaccine, is this an"},{"startTime":6970.029,"endTime":6971.431,"body":"economically viable proposition?"},{"startTime":6972.765,"endTime":6974.367,"body":"The question presumably that you were,"},{"startTime":6974.834,"endTime":6976.502,"body":"this is the middle of a chat, presumably,"},{"startTime":6976.703,"endTime":6978.304,"body":"in which the economically viable"},{"startTime":6978.304,"endTime":6980.54,"body":"proposition is a development"},{"startTime":6980.54,"endTime":6984.344,"body":"of an mRNA Hantavirus vaccine."},{"startTime":6984.344,"endTime":6984.944,"body":"Vaccine, yeah."},{"startTime":6985.645,"endTime":6987.313,"body":"Short answer, no, not as a standalone"},{"startTime":6987.313,"endTime":6988.247,"body":"commercial proposition"},{"startTime":6988.348,"endTime":6989.248,"body":"anywhere in the world."},{"startTime":6989.248,"endTime":6990.984,"body":"Possibly yes, as a platform play or"},{"startTime":6990.984,"endTime":6991.984,"body":"strategic stockpile."},{"startTime":6992.952,"endTime":6993.386,"body":"Sounds like AI."},{"startTime":6994.02,"endTime":6994.854,"body":"Let me show the math."},{"startTime":6995.521,"endTime":6997.557,"body":"Cost side, mRNA vaccine development costs"},{"startTime":6997.69,"endTime":6998.591,"body":"are now somewhat publicly"},{"startTime":6998.591,"endTime":6999.826,"body":"anchored thanks to COVID."},{"startTime":7000.46,"endTime":7001.194,"body":"Preclinical through"},{"startTime":7001.194,"endTime":7002.528,"body":"phase one, 20 to 80 million."},{"startTime":7003.396,"endTime":7005.732,"body":"Phase two, three trials. 200 million to a"},{"startTime":7005.732,"endTime":7007.1,"body":"billion depends heavily on"},{"startTime":7007.1,"endTime":7008.401,"body":"efficacy and point feasibility."},{"startTime":7009.569,"endTime":7010.269,"body":"Manufacturing set up at"},{"startTime":7010.269,"endTime":7012.505,"body":"scale, 100 to 500 million."},{"startTime":7013.373,"endTime":7015.675,"body":"Total to market, roughly 500 million to"},{"startTime":7015.675,"endTime":7017.944,"body":"1.5 billion for a novel pathogen."},{"startTime":7018.344,"endTime":7019.145,"body":"It's not novel."},{"startTime":7020.213,"endTime":7022.415,"body":"Oh, what does novel mean here?"},{"startTime":7022.415,"endTime":7024.183,"body":"Does novel mean novel to the vaccine"},{"startTime":7024.183,"endTime":7025.685,"body":"universe or novel to the world?"},{"startTime":7026.619,"endTime":7027.487,"body":"Read the sentence again."},{"startTime":7028.154,"endTime":7030.523,"body":"Total to market, roughly 500 million to"},{"startTime":7030.523,"endTime":7032.959,"body":"1.5 billion for a novel pathogen."},{"startTime":7033.893,"endTime":7035.695,"body":"Lower if the platform is already licensed"},{"startTime":7035.695,"endTime":7037.029,"body":"and you're just swapping the antigen."},{"startTime":7037.83,"endTime":7040.199,"body":"So what they're talking about here is if"},{"startTime":7040.199,"endTime":7043.069,"body":"you've got, and Claude will go on to say"},{"startTime":7043.069,"endTime":7044.67,"body":"it, actually this isn't Claude, this is"},{"startTime":7044.67,"endTime":7050.009,"body":"chat GPT, but what it says is if you, the"},{"startTime":7050.009,"endTime":7052.178,"body":"game that we always suggested that they"},{"startTime":7052.178,"endTime":7054.18,"body":"were gonna play when they made their mRNA"},{"startTime":7054.18,"endTime":7056.349,"body":"COVID vaccines was that they were gonna"},{"startTime":7056.349,"endTime":7060.686,"body":"say, oh, we don't need to test safety for"},{"startTime":7060.686,"endTime":7061.821,"body":"any new vaccine we"},{"startTime":7061.821,"endTime":7063.556,"body":"deploy on this platform."},{"startTime":7063.856,"endTime":7065.358,"body":"All we're gonna do is test the antigen"},{"startTime":7065.725,"endTime":7067.16,"body":"because we've already tested the platform"},{"startTime":7067.16,"endTime":7069.295,"body":"and it's safe, which of course it isn't."},{"startTime":7069.295,"endTime":7070.93,"body":"But so that's what"},{"startTime":7070.93,"endTime":7072.532,"body":"the distinction is here."},{"startTime":7072.532,"endTime":7074.167,"body":"If they're just swapping the antigen, it"},{"startTime":7074.167,"endTime":7075.401,"body":"becomes much cheaper."},{"startTime":7077.069,"endTime":7080.773,"body":"Okay, now here I have some number needed"},{"startTime":7080.773,"endTime":7082.909,"body":"to treat if we assumed"},{"startTime":7082.909,"endTime":7084.677,"body":"that the vaccine was 80%."},{"startTime":7084.944,"endTime":7085.778,"body":"Do you want me to plug in your computer?"},{"startTime":7085.812,"endTime":7086.546,"body":"Yeah, let's do that."},{"startTime":7093.953,"endTime":7096.756,"body":"Okay, so what we have here are the number"},{"startTime":7096.756,"endTime":7099.625,"body":"needed to treat to prevent one case"},{"startTime":7099.625,"endTime":7102.695,"body":"assuming the vaccine efficacy is 80%,"},{"startTime":7103.029,"endTime":7104.464,"body":"which is about average."},{"startTime":7105.598,"endTime":7106.999,"body":"So in Finland, which"},{"startTime":7106.999,"endTime":7108.568,"body":"is like the best case,"},{"startTime":7110.036,"endTime":7112.672,"body":"number needed to treat is"},{"startTime":7112.672,"endTime":7117.844,"body":"3,500 people to prevent one case."},{"startTime":7118.478,"endTime":7121.214,"body":"Over the course of 10 years, it would be"},{"startTime":7121.214,"endTime":7125.751,"body":"350 people to prevent one case."},{"startTime":7126.919,"endTime":7127.119,"body":"Now,"},{"startTime":7128.354,"endTime":7131.324,"body":"in the United States, the number of"},{"startTime":7131.324,"endTime":7133.726,"body":"people, so Finland has an issue probably"},{"startTime":7133.726,"endTime":7135.795,"body":"because of the way winter affect people"},{"startTime":7135.795,"endTime":7138.831,"body":"gathering in tight spaces."},{"startTime":7138.865,"endTime":7139.432,"body":"People and mice."},{"startTime":7140.333,"endTime":7142.301,"body":"Yeah, with mouse infestations."},{"startTime":7142.668,"endTime":7144.27,"body":"In the United States, the number needed"},{"startTime":7144.27,"endTime":7147.106,"body":"to treat in a given year, assuming 80%"},{"startTime":7147.44,"endTime":7150.51,"body":"effectiveness, is 13 million."},{"startTime":7152.111,"endTime":7154.514,"body":"This is not a viable product."},{"startTime":7155.014,"endTime":7155.515,"body":"And in fact,"},{"startTime":7157.483,"endTime":7158.985,"body":"possible I've lost it."},{"startTime":7158.985,"endTime":7161.32,"body":"But when I had it"},{"startTime":7161.32,"endTime":7164.49,"body":"calculate the return on investment"},{"startTime":7165.892,"endTime":7168.394,"body":"from a public health perspective, it said"},{"startTime":7168.394,"endTime":7172.231,"body":"it was orders of magnitude worse than the"},{"startTime":7172.231,"endTime":7174.1,"body":"things that are most expensive that we"},{"startTime":7174.1,"endTime":7175.434,"body":"actually choose to do."},{"startTime":7176.002,"endTime":7177.904,"body":"The number of millions of dollars you"},{"startTime":7177.904,"endTime":7180.606,"body":"have to spend to prevent a single death"},{"startTime":7180.606,"endTime":7183.543,"body":"means it's completely unjustified because"},{"startTime":7183.543,"endTime":7186.212,"body":"those dollars could be so much better"},{"startTime":7186.212,"endTime":7188.114,"body":"spent and prevent so many more deaths if"},{"startTime":7188.114,"endTime":7189.348,"body":"they were invested somewhere else."},{"startTime":7189.715,"endTime":7191.417,"body":"Okay, but did you have the economic"},{"startTime":7191.417,"endTime":7193.085,"body":"feasibility analysis, Jen, can you put"},{"startTime":7193.085,"endTime":7194.02,"body":"that back up for a second?"},{"startTime":7195.021,"endTime":7197.089,"body":"So this is something that you asked of,"},{"startTime":7197.223,"endTime":7198.691,"body":"it sounds like chat GBT."},{"startTime":7200.193,"endTime":7205.131,"body":"I am surprised at these numbers."},{"startTime":7206.933,"endTime":7210.803,"body":"I guess these numbers seem very high to"},{"startTime":7210.803,"endTime":7214.674,"body":"me, given mRNA because so much of how we"},{"startTime":7214.674,"endTime":7216.676,"body":"were sold on mRNA, how it was explained"},{"startTime":7216.676,"endTime":7217.81,"body":"to us that there were vaccines so"},{"startTime":7217.81,"endTime":7220.98,"body":"quickly, and how it has been pushed as"},{"startTime":7220.98,"endTime":7224.65,"body":"the vaccine platform of the future is"},{"startTime":7224.65,"endTime":7227.853,"body":"that the R\u0026D run-up is gonna be so quick,"},{"startTime":7227.853,"endTime":7231.29,"body":"so efficient, so cheap that you will be"},{"startTime":7231.29,"endTime":7234.527,"body":"able to have, not now, not yet, but"},{"startTime":7234.527,"endTime":7236.329,"body":"individualized vaccines effectively."},{"startTime":7236.996,"endTime":7239.765,"body":"So there seems like a disconnect between"},{"startTime":7239.765,"endTime":7242.802,"body":"that that is at least in my head from"},{"startTime":7242.802,"endTime":7244.704,"body":"what we've been told and these numbers."},{"startTime":7245.738,"endTime":7246.639,"body":"I don't think so."},{"startTime":7246.639,"endTime":7249.342,"body":"Now it's possible that the amount it will"},{"startTime":7249.342,"endTime":7251.243,"body":"cost is going to drop radically."},{"startTime":7251.677,"endTime":7252.345,"body":"In other words,"},{"startTime":7253.746,"endTime":7257.45,"body":"once you have the vats that are gonna do"},{"startTime":7257.45,"endTime":7259.619,"body":"the work, the numbers drop."},{"startTime":7259.852,"endTime":7262.355,"body":"But the current, so you're talking about"},{"startTime":7262.521,"endTime":7265.091,"body":"current development of a vaccine for,"},{"startTime":7265.358,"endTime":7272.265,"body":"this is pre-outbreak, for a pathogen that"},{"startTime":7272.265,"endTime":7276.736,"body":"is frankly just not a candidate for"},{"startTime":7276.736,"endTime":7278.571,"body":"hitting large numbers of people because"},{"startTime":7278.571,"endTime":7279.705,"body":"of the way it's transmitted."},{"startTime":7280.339,"endTime":7282.808,"body":"So here, can you put my screen up now?"},{"startTime":7285.745,"endTime":7286.045,"body":"What's up?"},{"startTime":7286.345,"endTime":7290.116,"body":"Okay, so cost per case prevented"},{"startTime":7290.65,"endTime":7291.584,"body":"according to this"},{"startTime":7291.584,"endTime":7294.12,"body":"analysis is $40 million."},{"startTime":7295.187,"endTime":7298.891,"body":"Cost per death prevented is $120 million."},{"startTime":7300.026,"endTime":7304.463,"body":"So this analysis says that this is 30 to"},{"startTime":7304.463,"endTime":7306.599,"body":"60 times worse than the most expensive"},{"startTime":7306.599,"endTime":7308.334,"body":"intervention society funds."},{"startTime":7310.102,"endTime":7313.773,"body":"Now, my conclusion from this is that this"},{"startTime":7313.773,"endTime":7316.709,"body":"does not make it unviable"},{"startTime":7316.709,"endTime":7318.477,"body":"as a business proposition."},{"startTime":7319.311,"endTime":7321.58,"body":"As a business proposition, it's very"},{"startTime":7321.58,"endTime":7324.016,"body":"viable if the government is buying the"},{"startTime":7324.016,"endTime":7325.685,"body":"vaccines if there's no"},{"startTime":7325.685,"endTime":7328.854,"body":"liability on the table, right?"},{"startTime":7329.221,"endTime":7330.489,"body":"And especially if the"},{"startTime":7330.489,"endTime":7332.391,"body":"government is going to mandate them."},{"startTime":7333.192,"endTime":7335.795,"body":"But it is not viable at the level of a"},{"startTime":7335.795,"endTime":7337.93,"body":"rational public health analysis because"},{"startTime":7337.93,"endTime":7339.732,"body":"again, the number of things you could do"},{"startTime":7340.466,"endTime":7342.101,"body":"with that kind of money to prevent more"},{"startTime":7342.101,"endTime":7345.137,"body":"deaths is just tremendous."},{"startTime":7346.272,"endTime":7346.472,"body":"So..."},{"startTime":7348.841,"endTime":7349.041,"body":"Well,"},{"startTime":7350.109,"endTime":7352.345,"body":"I question the numbers."},{"startTime":7353.045,"endTime":7355.047,"body":"It's not even clear from what you showed"},{"startTime":7355.047,"endTime":7357.95,"body":"on screen what those numbers are."},{"startTime":7358.217,"endTime":7360.886,"body":"Those may just be, here we know what we"},{"startTime":7360.886,"endTime":7362.955,"body":"were told the COVID vaccines cost to"},{"startTime":7362.955,"endTime":7364.123,"body":"develop and so we're gonna give you those"},{"startTime":7364.123,"endTime":7365.658,"body":"numbers, which there's no expectation"},{"startTime":7365.658,"endTime":7367.026,"body":"that another vaccine"},{"startTime":7367.193,"endTime":7368.26,"body":"should cost what COVID did."},{"startTime":7368.594,"endTime":7371.664,"body":"It is also true, however, that if you get"},{"startTime":7371.664,"endTime":7373.232,"body":"an EUA, you're suddenly"},{"startTime":7373.232,"endTime":7375.034,"body":"cutting out a whole lot of costs."},{"startTime":7375.034,"endTime":7377.069,"body":"This is to your point, a whole lot of"},{"startTime":7377.069,"endTime":7378.204,"body":"costs because you don't have to go"},{"startTime":7378.204,"endTime":7379.905,"body":"through all of the trials, which is where"},{"startTime":7379.905,"endTime":7381.273,"body":"so much of the cost happens."},{"startTime":7381.407,"endTime":7382.475,"body":"Right, but this is my point."},{"startTime":7382.842,"endTime":7383.976,"body":"I know, I was"},{"startTime":7383.976,"endTime":7385.244,"body":"supporting your point with that."},{"startTime":7385.344,"endTime":7387.079,"body":"Well, I support your support of my point."},{"startTime":7388.08,"endTime":7390.716,"body":"No, the E in EUA requires an emergency,"},{"startTime":7390.983,"endTime":7392.952,"body":"which is my point about the propaganda."},{"startTime":7393.586,"endTime":7395.554,"body":"That the idea is what constitutes an"},{"startTime":7395.554,"endTime":7397.423,"body":"emergency and this actually crosses right"},{"startTime":7397.423,"endTime":7398.924,"body":"over to what we've been discussing with"},{"startTime":7398.924,"endTime":7400.393,"body":"respect to the state of Washington."},{"startTime":7401.127,"endTime":7402.595,"body":"What constitutes an emergency?"},{"startTime":7402.862,"endTime":7404.697,"body":"Well, this has become the go-to loophole"},{"startTime":7404.697,"endTime":7407.333,"body":"where everybody thinks that you'd be, of"},{"startTime":7407.333,"endTime":7408.901,"body":"course, you'd be a fool not to build an"},{"startTime":7408.901,"endTime":7411.17,"body":"emergency clause in so that if things,"},{"startTime":7411.17,"endTime":7414.84,"body":"you know, thing X is not a suicide pact."},{"startTime":7415.341,"endTime":7416.742,"body":"It better have an emergency clause."},{"startTime":7417.042,"endTime":7418.21,"body":"But once you've built in the emergency"},{"startTime":7418.21,"endTime":7419.912,"body":"clause, then it's like, oh,"},{"startTime":7419.912,"endTime":7421.313,"body":"okay, there's an emergency."},{"startTime":7421.313,"endTime":7422.214,"body":"That's why I'm doing it."},{"startTime":7422.214,"endTime":7423.082,"body":"And it's like, oh, will"},{"startTime":7423.082,"endTime":7423.949,"body":"the court believe you?"},{"startTime":7424.216,"endTime":7424.383,"body":"Yes, apparently."},{"startTime":7424.383,"endTime":7426.118,"body":"Once the fault of the coast blows and,"},{"startTime":7426.118,"endTime":7427.119,"body":"you know, the entire"},{"startTime":7427.119,"endTime":7429.455,"body":"Western Washington is destroyed."},{"startTime":7429.655,"endTime":7430.556,"body":"Well, that's an emergency."},{"startTime":7431.957,"endTime":7434.059,"body":"Unspecified emergencies that allow for a"},{"startTime":7434.059,"endTime":7436.495,"body":"special pronoun use are not emergencies."},{"startTime":7436.862,"endTime":7437.63,"body":"Right, so,"},{"startTime":7440.366,"endTime":7443.435,"body":"again, you've got people who I think have"},{"startTime":7443.435,"endTime":7446.705,"body":"repurposed a disappointing weapons making"},{"startTime":7446.705,"endTime":7448.774,"body":"industry and they've turned it into an"},{"startTime":7448.774,"endTime":7450.042,"body":"emergency making industry."},{"startTime":7450.476,"endTime":7452.912,"body":"The emergency making industry has two"},{"startTime":7452.912,"endTime":7454.647,"body":"major mechanisms to make money."},{"startTime":7454.914,"endTime":7456.582,"body":"One is selling the cure to the thing"},{"startTime":7456.582,"endTime":7458.651,"body":"you're now frightened of, and the other"},{"startTime":7458.651,"endTime":7459.618,"body":"is the time traveling"},{"startTime":7459.618,"endTime":7461.02,"body":"money printer, right?"},{"startTime":7461.02,"endTime":7462.555,"body":"Which I think goes straight to what these"},{"startTime":7462.555,"endTime":7464.123,"body":"tabletop exercises are about."},{"startTime":7465.024,"endTime":7466.058,"body":"You know, the time traveling money"},{"startTime":7466.058,"endTime":7468.828,"body":"printer to remind people, if you had a"},{"startTime":7468.828,"endTime":7469.695,"body":"time machine, you know"},{"startTime":7469.695,"endTime":7470.963,"body":"how to make money, right?"},{"startTime":7470.963,"endTime":7473.566,"body":"Go back in time and buy Microsoft, Nike,"},{"startTime":7473.966,"endTime":7475.968,"body":"Apple, Starbucks, whatever, right?"},{"startTime":7477.736,"endTime":7478.571,"body":"But we don't have time"},{"startTime":7478.571,"endTime":7479.705,"body":"machines as far as we know."},{"startTime":7480.105,"endTime":7482.341,"body":"So the other way to do it is to slow down"},{"startTime":7482.475,"endTime":7484.81,"body":"the public's awareness of something"},{"startTime":7484.81,"endTime":7486.412,"body":"important so that you can position"},{"startTime":7486.412,"endTime":7488.013,"body":"yourself in the market when it happens."},{"startTime":7488.447,"endTime":7492.785,"body":"So we saw, you know, some massive bets"},{"startTime":7492.785,"endTime":7495.12,"body":"against airline stocks before 9-11."},{"startTime":7495.654,"endTime":7500.125,"body":"We saw bets against travel, you know,"},{"startTime":7500.125,"endTime":7501.193,"body":"cruise ships and hotels"},{"startTime":7501.193,"endTime":7502.928,"body":"and things before COVID."},{"startTime":7503.496,"endTime":7504.363,"body":"The point is the people in"},{"startTime":7504.363,"endTime":7505.498,"body":"the know know what's coming."},{"startTime":7505.731,"endTime":7507.366,"body":"If you're creating the emergency, you"},{"startTime":7507.366,"endTime":7508.534,"body":"know damn well what's coming."},{"startTime":7508.834,"endTime":7510.236,"body":"And if you know damn well what's coming,"},{"startTime":7510.402,"endTime":7511.27,"body":"then you can turn millions"},{"startTime":7511.27,"endTime":7512.571,"body":"into billions very easily."},{"startTime":7513.105,"endTime":7514.707,"body":"And of course that would be a fun game"},{"startTime":7514.707,"endTime":7516.141,"body":"for, you know, the elites"},{"startTime":7516.141,"endTime":7519.011,"body":"that treat us like nothing."},{"startTime":7520.212,"endTime":7522.915,"body":"So all I'm really saying is"},{"startTime":7522.915,"endTime":7524.55,"body":"this has that stench to it."},{"startTime":7524.55,"endTime":7526.185,"body":"And you should expect to see this play"},{"startTime":7526.185,"endTime":7528.587,"body":"out with single stranded RNA viruses."},{"startTime":7529.488,"endTime":7531.39,"body":"Anybody who mentions ivermectin is crazy."},{"startTime":7531.991,"endTime":7534.126,"body":"Sooner or later they'll get total control"},{"startTime":7534.126,"endTime":7535.694,"body":"over the AIs and AI will"},{"startTime":7535.694,"endTime":7536.962,"body":"refuse to talk about this."},{"startTime":7536.962,"endTime":7539.899,"body":"Oh, I should point out, as I continued to"},{"startTime":7539.899,"endTime":7542.067,"body":"investigate things surrounding basic"},{"startTime":7542.067,"endTime":7544.803,"body":"virology, evolution of viruses, things"},{"startTime":7544.803,"endTime":7547.506,"body":"that have no, there's no meaningful"},{"startTime":7547.506,"endTime":7549.174,"body":"safety concern in the world."},{"startTime":7549.174,"endTime":7550.876,"body":"I'm an evolutionary biologist asking"},{"startTime":7550.876,"endTime":7553.445,"body":"about trade-offs in the evolution of"},{"startTime":7553.445,"endTime":7555.447,"body":"viruses between things like"},{"startTime":7555.447,"endTime":7557.216,"body":"transmissibility and virulence."},{"startTime":7557.483,"endTime":7558.25,"body":"That's a perfectly"},{"startTime":7558.25,"endTime":7559.318,"body":"fair academic question."},{"startTime":7559.785,"endTime":7562.955,"body":"And Claude is shutting me down because"},{"startTime":7562.955,"endTime":7564.723,"body":"I've tripped a safety wire."},{"startTime":7564.723,"endTime":7565.724,"body":"This is insane."},{"startTime":7566.892,"endTime":7567.393,"body":"Here we go."},{"startTime":7567.993,"endTime":7568.861,"body":"Can you read that question?"},{"startTime":7569.228,"endTime":7570.496,"body":"What is known about the trade-offs,"},{"startTime":7571.03,"endTime":7572.731,"body":"trade-off between transmissibility and"},{"startTime":7572.731,"endTime":7573.699,"body":"virulence and viruses,"},{"startTime":7573.699,"endTime":7574.733,"body":"just exactly as you said."},{"startTime":7575.267,"endTime":7576.135,"body":"And you get the same"},{"startTime":7576.135,"endTime":7578.37,"body":"safety filters flagged."},{"startTime":7578.37,"endTime":7579.705,"body":"The same safety warning."},{"startTime":7580.472,"endTime":7584.343,"body":"I have also, I have also safety triggers"},{"startTime":7584.343,"endTime":7587.079,"body":"warning in Claude of late."},{"startTime":7587.88,"endTime":7588.347,"body":"Yeah, well."},{"startTime":7589.048,"endTime":7593.152,"body":"Only in scientific topics and not in"},{"startTime":7593.152,"endTime":7595.387,"body":"other questions that I'm asking."},{"startTime":7595.654,"endTime":7596.355,"body":"Right, it's the first"},{"startTime":7596.355,"endTime":7597.556,"body":"time I've seen it too."},{"startTime":7597.59,"endTime":7599.191,"body":"And I've now seen it on a number of"},{"startTime":7599.191,"endTime":7603.128,"body":"different topics where, you know, I get"},{"startTime":7603.128,"endTime":7605.731,"body":"it that you're like 17 steps ahead of"},{"startTime":7605.731,"endTime":7607.533,"body":"some discussion you don't wanna hear, but"},{"startTime":7607.533,"endTime":7608.4,"body":"it's not, you're right."},{"startTime":7608.968,"endTime":7612.171,"body":"You know, you can't, you're blocking the"},{"startTime":7612.171,"endTime":7615.007,"body":"process of inquiry, which is exactly what"},{"startTime":7615.007,"endTime":7617.109,"body":"your damn tool is built to do, right?"},{"startTime":7617.109,"endTime":7618.444,"body":"You don't get to block that."},{"startTime":7618.777,"endTime":7620.746,"body":"If you have a better argument, make it."},{"startTime":7621.146,"endTime":7624.283,"body":"And if your tool can't be relied upon to"},{"startTime":7624.283,"endTime":7627.119,"body":"deliver your argument because there's a"},{"startTime":7627.119,"endTime":7627.953,"body":"more persuasive one,"},{"startTime":7628.454,"endTime":7629.855,"body":"what you have is propaganda."},{"startTime":7630.789,"endTime":7632.891,"body":"Now, I do wanna point to one mechanism"},{"startTime":7633.058,"endTime":7633.892,"body":"through which this might"},{"startTime":7633.892,"endTime":7635.427,"body":"have-- But you're not surprised."},{"startTime":7636.795,"endTime":7638.33,"body":"I'm living-- That there's propaganda"},{"startTime":7638.33,"endTime":7640.499,"body":"filters built into the AI."},{"startTime":7640.766,"endTime":7641.533,"body":"That's not surprising."},{"startTime":7641.834,"endTime":7642.835,"body":"Well, here's the problem."},{"startTime":7644.77,"endTime":7646.605,"body":"The AIs are going to be thoroughly gamed."},{"startTime":7647.039,"endTime":7649.708,"body":"People are going to write so as to"},{"startTime":7649.708,"endTime":7651.844,"body":"persuade the AIs of things, they're gonna"},{"startTime":7651.844,"endTime":7654.213,"body":"write vast tracks that are gonna get"},{"startTime":7654.213,"endTime":7656.248,"body":"ingested and then you're not gonna know"},{"startTime":7656.248,"endTime":7657.85,"body":"why the AI thinks what it does."},{"startTime":7657.85,"endTime":7659.351,"body":"We should absolutely expect that."},{"startTime":7659.852,"endTime":7661.053,"body":"That's different than the people who"},{"startTime":7661.053,"endTime":7663.922,"body":"built the tool, wiring it so that it"},{"startTime":7663.922,"endTime":7664.923,"body":"can't talk about"},{"startTime":7664.923,"endTime":7666.725,"body":"scientific topics because,"},{"startTime":7667.793,"endTime":7669.361,"body":"frankly, because there are criminals"},{"startTime":7669.628,"endTime":7671.563,"body":"trying to use public health as an excuse"},{"startTime":7671.563,"endTime":7672.598,"body":"to inject us with shit."},{"startTime":7672.898,"endTime":7674.266,"body":"That is not okay."},{"startTime":7674.967,"endTime":7677.436,"body":"And we in the public have a"},{"startTime":7677.436,"endTime":7679.905,"body":"right not to be exposed to that."},{"startTime":7680.339,"endTime":7683.909,"body":"I will say I walked away from chat GPT"},{"startTime":7684.309,"endTime":7688.213,"body":"and signed up for Claude at the point"},{"startTime":7688.414,"endTime":7692.985,"body":"that the stuff went down over anthropic,"},{"startTime":7693.052,"endTime":7695.22,"body":"drawing a line with the Department of War"},{"startTime":7695.888,"endTime":7698.991,"body":"and refusing to do immoral things, right?"},{"startTime":7699.792,"endTime":7705.264,"body":"And the folks at OpenAI got the deal and"},{"startTime":7705.264,"endTime":7706.965,"body":"claimed they had drawn the same line,"},{"startTime":7706.965,"endTime":7707.9,"body":"which made no sense."},{"startTime":7708.267,"endTime":7709.868,"body":"That was reason enough for me to drop my"},{"startTime":7709.868,"endTime":7711.27,"body":"subscription to chat"},{"startTime":7711.27,"endTime":7713.172,"body":"GPT and pick up Claude."},{"startTime":7713.172,"endTime":7715.207,"body":"But now this, what the hell are we to do?"},{"startTime":7715.207,"endTime":7716.275,"body":"If it can't have a scientific"},{"startTime":7716.275,"endTime":7717.609,"body":"conversation, well, what"},{"startTime":7717.609,"endTime":7718.877,"body":"exactly is this tool for?"},{"startTime":7719.945,"endTime":7722.181,"body":"So, all right."},{"startTime":7723.849,"endTime":7724.283,"body":"I think that's a"},{"startTime":7724.283,"endTime":7725.217,"body":"pretty interesting picture."},{"startTime":7725.551,"endTime":7726.985,"body":"I don't know if it's a"},{"startTime":7726.985,"endTime":7729.354,"body":"mirage, but a lot of things line up."},{"startTime":7729.354,"endTime":7731.323,"body":"There's bullshit all over the story from"},{"startTime":7731.323,"endTime":7733.225,"body":"tabletop exercises to--"},{"startTime":7734.026,"endTime":7737.229,"body":"There's at least, even if this isn't the"},{"startTime":7737.229,"endTime":7739.164,"body":"story that it could be, that it might be,"},{"startTime":7739.164,"endTime":7741.467,"body":"that it might turn out to be, it's got so"},{"startTime":7741.467,"endTime":7745.003,"body":"many of the pieces in common with what"},{"startTime":7745.003,"endTime":7747.106,"body":"happened during COVID, what could happen"},{"startTime":7747.106,"endTime":7749.908,"body":"at any point, such that just like we were"},{"startTime":7749.908,"endTime":7752.044,"body":"talking about with the tabletop exercise,"},{"startTime":7752.644,"endTime":7754.613,"body":"part of the reason to have them is so"},{"startTime":7754.613,"endTime":7757.649,"body":"that the stakeholders have lived through"},{"startTime":7757.649,"endTime":7759.818,"body":"something such that they will know almost"},{"startTime":7759.818,"endTime":7761.186,"body":"instinctively what to do"},{"startTime":7761.186,"endTime":7762.287,"body":"when the thing happens."},{"startTime":7762.755,"endTime":7764.823,"body":"So, the more times we sort of walk"},{"startTime":7764.823,"endTime":7767.559,"body":"ourselves through such a thing, if we"},{"startTime":7767.559,"endTime":7769.027,"body":"think that they're going to continue to"},{"startTime":7769.027,"endTime":7770.996,"body":"play similar games and tweak little bits"},{"startTime":7770.996,"endTime":7772.865,"body":"and pieces, we should become familiar"},{"startTime":7772.865,"endTime":7774.933,"body":"with as many of these, both the"},{"startTime":7774.933,"endTime":7776.535,"body":"fundamentals and the bits and pieces that"},{"startTime":7776.535,"endTime":7777.636,"body":"they're tweaking as possible."},{"startTime":7777.903,"endTime":7779.505,"body":"All right, which actually brings me to"},{"startTime":7779.505,"endTime":7780.906,"body":"the last part, which I was gonna forget."},{"startTime":7782.508,"endTime":7784.109,"body":"If this is gonna play out this way again"},{"startTime":7784.109,"endTime":7785.878,"body":"and again, they're gonna play with the"},{"startTime":7785.878,"endTime":7788.013,"body":"single-stranded RNA viruses because those"},{"startTime":7788.013,"endTime":7789.515,"body":"are the ones that they have the easiest"},{"startTime":7789.515,"endTime":7790.916,"body":"time using evolution to"},{"startTime":7790.916,"endTime":7792.284,"body":"train to do whatever they want."},{"startTime":7793.385,"endTime":7795.254,"body":"That means Ivermectin is gonna come"},{"startTime":7795.254,"endTime":7796.155,"body":"rushing back into the"},{"startTime":7796.155,"endTime":7798.323,"body":"story again and again, okay?"},{"startTime":7798.39,"endTime":7799.558,"body":"It's useful across"},{"startTime":7799.558,"endTime":7801.293,"body":"single-stranded RNA viruses."},{"startTime":7801.527,"endTime":7802.995,"body":"Does that mean it's useful for everyone?"},{"startTime":7803.529,"endTime":7804.997,"body":"We obviously don't know."},{"startTime":7805.464,"endTime":7807.933,"body":"However, one of the things that unfolded"},{"startTime":7807.933,"endTime":7810.736,"body":"in discussion about, hey, it's a"},{"startTime":7810.736,"endTime":7813.038,"body":"single-stranded RNA virus, Ivermectin is"},{"startTime":7813.038,"endTime":7814.973,"body":"probably pretty useful, is"},{"startTime":7814.973,"endTime":7816.175,"body":"there was a lot of pushback."},{"startTime":7816.875,"endTime":7818.41,"body":"There was the usual stuff about there's"},{"startTime":7818.41,"endTime":7820.212,"body":"no evidence that, which is meaningless,"},{"startTime":7820.546,"endTime":7822.781,"body":"especially the real problem for them with"},{"startTime":7822.781,"endTime":7825.217,"body":"Ivermectin is that it's so safe that the"},{"startTime":7825.217,"endTime":7827.085,"body":"argument against giving it to people"},{"startTime":7827.252,"endTime":7829.321,"body":"who've been exposed or have contracted"},{"startTime":7829.321,"endTime":7831.557,"body":"the disease is hard to fathom."},{"startTime":7831.59,"endTime":7832.824,"body":"Yeah, it's not quite at the level of,"},{"startTime":7832.824,"endTime":7833.625,"body":"it's like, oh, don't hydrate."},{"startTime":7833.926,"endTime":7835.06,"body":"Right, right."},{"startTime":7835.46,"endTime":7836.862,"body":"It's insane, right?"},{"startTime":7837.095,"endTime":7838.53,"body":"I mean, it's the first thing I would do"},{"startTime":7838.53,"endTime":7840.265,"body":"if I thought I was exposed to it."},{"startTime":7840.265,"endTime":7841.333,"body":"Does that mean I think it works?"},{"startTime":7842.167,"endTime":7844.636,"body":"It means I think it probably has a"},{"startTime":7844.636,"endTime":7846.171,"body":"positive effect and the negative effect"},{"startTime":7846.171,"endTime":7847.306,"body":"is so hard to measure."},{"startTime":7847.506,"endTime":7848.74,"body":"It's one of the few things in our"},{"startTime":7848.74,"endTime":7849.808,"body":"medicine cabinet now."},{"startTime":7849.842,"endTime":7850.108,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":7850.509,"endTime":7852.311,"body":"It wasn't before COVID and it is now."},{"startTime":7852.611,"endTime":7855.247,"body":"Okay, but so one of the better pieces of"},{"startTime":7855.247,"endTime":7858.317,"body":"pushback was, it's not gonna work with"},{"startTime":7858.317,"endTime":7860.853,"body":"this single-stranded RNA virus because"},{"startTime":7860.853,"endTime":7863.155,"body":"this single-stranded RNA virus does its"},{"startTime":7863.155,"endTime":7864.923,"body":"replication in the cytoplasm and it"},{"startTime":7864.923,"endTime":7867.125,"body":"doesn't go to the nucleus and Ivermectin"},{"startTime":7867.125,"endTime":7869.094,"body":"works on viruses because of it"},{"startTime":7869.094,"endTime":7869.995,"body":"interfering with it."},{"startTime":7869.995,"endTime":7871.029,"body":"Because we know so much about the"},{"startTime":7871.029,"endTime":7871.864,"body":"mechanisms of action."},{"startTime":7872.13,"endTime":7872.397,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":7872.431,"endTime":7872.631,"body":"Right?"},{"startTime":7872.965,"endTime":7875.5,"body":"Which is on the one hand, a good point."},{"startTime":7875.767,"endTime":7877.536,"body":"One of the mechanisms of action of"},{"startTime":7877.536,"endTime":7879.671,"body":"Ivermectin is likely"},{"startTime":7879.671,"endTime":7881.607,"body":"reduced, though not eliminated."},{"startTime":7881.607,"endTime":7883.475,"body":"There's still apparently coordination"},{"startTime":7883.675,"endTime":7886.478,"body":"between the cytoplasmic activity and"},{"startTime":7886.478,"endTime":7888.881,"body":"there's communication with the nucleus."},{"startTime":7888.881,"endTime":7889.848,"body":"So even that mechanism"},{"startTime":7889.848,"endTime":7891.45,"body":"is likely still in play."},{"startTime":7891.884,"endTime":7894.219,"body":"But the thing is, A, we don't understand"},{"startTime":7894.686,"endTime":7896.188,"body":"why Ivermectin is so"},{"startTime":7896.188,"endTime":7897.656,"body":"broadly effective, right?"},{"startTime":7897.656,"endTime":7899.758,"body":"We're still grappling with that question,"},{"startTime":7899.758,"endTime":7903.428,"body":"which doesn't mean it isn't very useful"},{"startTime":7903.428,"endTime":7905.464,"body":"and very safe and we can scratch our"},{"startTime":7905.464,"endTime":7907.065,"body":"heads over why that's true."},{"startTime":7907.065,"endTime":7908.767,"body":"It's not an argument against using it."},{"startTime":7909.067,"endTime":7911.303,"body":"But I went looking to figure out whether"},{"startTime":7911.303,"endTime":7913.805,"body":"or not there were still mechanisms of"},{"startTime":7913.805,"endTime":7915.674,"body":"action that we do know something about."},{"startTime":7916.675,"endTime":7918.443,"body":"And I'm not gonna run people through all"},{"startTime":7918.443,"endTime":7920.612,"body":"of the, it's very detailed biology."},{"startTime":7921.747,"endTime":7924.316,"body":"But I came up with a paper"},{"startTime":7924.316,"endTime":7925.851,"body":"that I had not seen before"},{"startTime":7927.419,"endTime":7931.356,"body":"which basically goes through the, you"},{"startTime":7931.356,"endTime":7933.292,"body":"know, an exhaustive list of proposed"},{"startTime":7933.292,"endTime":7934.927,"body":"mechanisms of action and"},{"startTime":7934.927,"endTime":7936.695,"body":"the various evidence for it."},{"startTime":7936.695,"endTime":7937.729,"body":"You wanna put that up?"},{"startTime":7938.23,"endTime":7940.966,"body":"So the review is actually in the Journal"},{"startTime":7940.966,"endTime":7942.968,"body":"of Antibiotics, which I think is"},{"startTime":7942.968,"endTime":7943.835,"body":"published by Nature."},{"startTime":7944.169,"endTime":7945.037,"body":"It's confusing, I"},{"startTime":7945.037,"endTime":7946.271,"body":"found it on Nature's site."},{"startTime":7947.406,"endTime":7948.807,"body":"And the title of the paper is The"},{"startTime":7948.807,"endTime":7950.342,"body":"Mechanisms of Action of Ivermectin"},{"startTime":7950.342,"endTime":7952.711,"body":"Against SARS-CoV-2, An Extensive Review."},{"startTime":7953.045,"endTime":7956.315,"body":"And if you scroll down, there's a massive"},{"startTime":7956.315,"endTime":7958.884,"body":"chart in there in which it goes through"},{"startTime":7958.884,"endTime":7961.253,"body":"all of the different mechanisms of action"},{"startTime":7961.253,"endTime":7964.489,"body":"that are at least thought to"},{"startTime":7964.489,"endTime":7966.591,"body":"be involved with its utility."},{"startTime":7968.527,"endTime":7970.095,"body":"Yeah, I can't see it at this scale."},{"startTime":7970.862,"endTime":7972.397,"body":"No, it's a tiny font, but"},{"startTime":7972.397,"endTime":7973.799,"body":"it's an incredible list."},{"startTime":7973.832,"endTime":7978.503,"body":"So the answer is, weirdly enough, we have"},{"startTime":7978.503,"endTime":7981.573,"body":"a drug that was discovered due to its"},{"startTime":7981.573,"endTime":7984.242,"body":"anti-parasitic value that turns out to"},{"startTime":7984.242,"endTime":7987.346,"body":"have broad scale antiviral effectiveness"},{"startTime":7987.946,"endTime":7991.149,"body":"works against most, if not all"},{"startTime":7991.149,"endTime":7993.685,"body":"single-stranded RNA viruses by a host of"},{"startTime":7993.685,"endTime":7994.553,"body":"different mechanisms."},{"startTime":7994.92,"endTime":7998.223,"body":"And it's so safe that if there's a chance"},{"startTime":7998.523,"endTime":7999.458,"body":"that you're infected with a"},{"startTime":7999.458,"endTime":8001.893,"body":"single-stranded RNA virus, it's a good"},{"startTime":8001.893,"endTime":8004.196,"body":"bet that it would reduce your symptoms."},{"startTime":8004.429,"endTime":8006.264,"body":"And if it didn't, it would be very"},{"startTime":8006.264,"endTime":8007.366,"body":"unlikely to harm you."},{"startTime":8007.933,"endTime":8010.335,"body":"That is a serious problem for people"},{"startTime":8010.335,"endTime":8012.938,"body":"whose playground involve single-stranded"},{"startTime":8012.938,"endTime":8014.94,"body":"RNA viruses that they can teach in a lab."},{"startTime":8016.174,"endTime":8017.609,"body":"Another potentially serious problem,"},{"startTime":8017.609,"endTime":8019.011,"body":"since you mentioned that you found it on"},{"startTime":8019.011,"endTime":8021.546,"body":"Nature's site, is when I scroll down to"},{"startTime":8021.546,"endTime":8023.615,"body":"the bottom of this page, and at the top"},{"startTime":8023.615,"endTime":8025.851,"body":"it says, Japan Antibiotics Research"},{"startTime":8025.851,"endTime":8028.487,"body":"Association and the Society for Acting on"},{"startTime":8028.487,"endTime":8031.289,"body":"My Seeds Japan, which don't sound like"},{"startTime":8031.289,"endTime":8034.526,"body":"nature affiliates, they're just small"},{"startTime":8034.526,"endTime":8036.995,"body":"scientific organizations,"},{"startTime":8036.995,"endTime":8037.863,"body":"but it's Springer Nature,"},{"startTime":8039.164,"endTime":8041.5,"body":"which suggests that the biggest textbook"},{"startTime":8041.5,"endTime":8044.102,"body":"publisher in I think the world, and one"},{"startTime":8044.102,"endTime":8046.471,"body":"of the two, if not at this point, the"},{"startTime":8046.471,"endTime":8048.974,"body":"biggest scientific, like primary research"},{"startTime":8048.974,"endTime":8050.275,"body":"publisher in the world appear to have"},{"startTime":8050.275,"endTime":8053.011,"body":"combined, creating an even greater"},{"startTime":8053.011,"endTime":8055.447,"body":"monopoly and therefore potential throttle"},{"startTime":8055.647,"endTime":8057.582,"body":"on the communication of scientific"},{"startTime":8057.582,"endTime":8059.051,"body":"results than they had before."},{"startTime":8059.084,"endTime":8060.285,"body":"Yeah, and unholy chimera."},{"startTime":8061.219,"endTime":8063.221,"body":"Boy, so I don't, all I'm basing that on"},{"startTime":8063.221,"endTime":8064.79,"body":"is it says Springer Nature at the bottom,"},{"startTime":8065.09,"endTime":8065.624,"body":"which I have not"},{"startTime":8065.624,"endTime":8067.025,"body":"specifically noticed before."},{"startTime":8067.926,"endTime":8069.428,"body":"Yes, oh, so I wanted to"},{"startTime":8069.428,"endTime":8070.996,"body":"issue one caution though."},{"startTime":8073.799,"endTime":8076.835,"body":"Michael Yahn, in light of the discussion"},{"startTime":8076.835,"endTime":8078.336,"body":"of iRemectin that was taking place"},{"startTime":8078.336,"endTime":8082.074,"body":"online, pointed out that if you wanna"},{"startTime":8082.074,"endTime":8086.711,"body":"play this through in terms of how a war"},{"startTime":8086.711,"endTime":8088.213,"body":"strategist would look at"},{"startTime":8088.213,"endTime":8090.549,"body":"it, one of the attack vectors,"},{"startTime":8091.716,"endTime":8094.352,"body":"if you wanted to do away with the"},{"startTime":8094.352,"endTime":8097.189,"body":"perennial problem of iRemectin working"},{"startTime":8097.189,"endTime":8100.759,"body":"against your single stranded RNA viruses"},{"startTime":8101.626,"endTime":8103.128,"body":"is to either taint"},{"startTime":8103.128,"endTime":8106.231,"body":"iRemectin or create duds."},{"startTime":8106.465,"endTime":8108.733,"body":"And I believe we saw this during COVID. I"},{"startTime":8108.733,"endTime":8110.335,"body":"believe a lot of the iRemectin that was"},{"startTime":8110.335,"endTime":8111.303,"body":"floating around was"},{"startTime":8111.303,"endTime":8112.737,"body":"not actually the stuff."},{"startTime":8114.005,"endTime":8117.008,"body":"And even worse, if they wanted to create"},{"startTime":8117.008,"endTime":8118.61,"body":"the impression that it was dangerous and"},{"startTime":8118.61,"endTime":8119.978,"body":"they tainted it with something so people"},{"startTime":8119.978,"endTime":8121.213,"body":"ended up poisoning themselves."},{"startTime":8121.446,"endTime":8122.08,"body":"So anyway,"},{"startTime":8123.315,"endTime":8124.983,"body":"there's a difference between, it says"},{"startTime":8124.983,"endTime":8127.285,"body":"iRemectin on the box and that's actually"},{"startTime":8127.285,"endTime":8128.22,"body":"what's in the box and"},{"startTime":8128.22,"endTime":8129.354,"body":"there's nothing else there."},{"startTime":8130.255,"endTime":8132.524,"body":"And it's a thorny problem that we should"},{"startTime":8132.524,"endTime":8135.093,"body":"probably be trying to figure out how to"},{"startTime":8135.093,"endTime":8139.264,"body":"address because obviously they're annoyed"},{"startTime":8139.264,"endTime":8140.932,"body":"by iRemectin at some point."},{"startTime":8141.967,"endTime":8143.468,"body":"It may be more than just"},{"startTime":8143.468,"endTime":8145.403,"body":"phony boxes of nothing."},{"startTime":8147.005,"endTime":8147.639,"body":"So anyway."},{"startTime":8149.107,"endTime":8149.307,"body":"Indeed."},{"startTime":8151.91,"endTime":8152.811,"body":"Okay, should we talk about water?"},{"startTime":8153.945,"endTime":8154.179,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":8154.513,"endTime":8155.213,"body":"Yeah, okay."},{"startTime":8155.213,"endTime":8156.414,"body":"Let's talk as water,"},{"startTime":8157.015,"endTime":8157.849,"body":"as most of the water."},{"startTime":8157.849,"endTime":8158.25,"body":"You do that."},{"startTime":8158.717,"endTime":8159.251,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":8159.284,"endTime":8160.118,"body":"You play that role."},{"startTime":8160.452,"endTime":8161.419,"body":"You'd be that Wonder Twin."},{"startTime":8162.821,"endTime":8163.555,"body":"All right."},{"startTime":8164.489,"endTime":8166.324,"body":"Form of a water podcaster."},{"startTime":8168.159,"endTime":8169.661,"body":"Water, it has to be ice, doesn't it?"},{"startTime":8169.694,"endTime":8169.895,"body":"No."},{"startTime":8171.029,"endTime":8171.763,"body":"Anything with water."},{"startTime":8172.998,"endTime":8174.466,"body":"Don't you remember the one where the, I"},{"startTime":8174.466,"endTime":8175.567,"body":"think it's the guy is the bucket."},{"startTime":8175.6,"endTime":8176.768,"body":"Was he a river or anything?"},{"startTime":8176.968,"endTime":8177.168,"body":"No."},{"startTime":8178.97,"endTime":8179.771,"body":"One of them is a bucket"},{"startTime":8179.771,"endTime":8181.94,"body":"or a monkey with a bucket."},{"startTime":8181.94,"endTime":8182.34,"body":"I don't remember."},{"startTime":8183.175,"endTime":8185.343,"body":"But somehow there was a bucket and there"},{"startTime":8185.343,"endTime":8186.111,"body":"was water and that"},{"startTime":8186.111,"endTime":8187.012,"body":"was awfully convenient."},{"startTime":8187.312,"endTime":8188.113,"body":"But you know."},{"startTime":8188.38,"endTime":8189.147,"body":"Yeah, okay."},{"startTime":8189.281,"endTime":8190.215,"body":"This is, yeah."},{"startTime":8190.916,"endTime":8192.15,"body":"Saturday morning cartoons from the late"},{"startTime":8192.15,"endTime":8193.218,"body":"70s, I believe is"},{"startTime":8193.218,"endTime":8194.185,"body":"what we're referring to."},{"startTime":8195.287,"endTime":8197.822,"body":"Okay, so this winter was weird, right?"},{"startTime":8197.822,"endTime":8198.924,"body":"I think it was weird."},{"startTime":8199.558,"endTime":8200.725,"body":"I don't know about all over the world."},{"startTime":8201.426,"endTime":8202.527,"body":"It can't say about the Southern"},{"startTime":8202.527,"endTime":8203.161,"body":"Hemisphere because they"},{"startTime":8203.161,"endTime":8203.962,"body":"didn't just have a winter."},{"startTime":8204.663,"endTime":8205.897,"body":"But I don't know about Europe, Asia."},{"startTime":8207.732,"endTime":8211.469,"body":"But in the US, there was a lot of winter"},{"startTime":8211.469,"endTime":8212.804,"body":"weirdness all over the place and"},{"startTime":8212.804,"endTime":8213.905,"body":"specifically in the West."},{"startTime":8213.905,"endTime":8215.207,"body":"Like here in Washington State,"},{"startTime":8215.207,"endTime":8217.642,"body":"specifically in the San Juan Archipelago"},{"startTime":8217.642,"endTime":8219.511,"body":"where we live off the coast of"},{"startTime":8219.511,"endTime":8221.646,"body":"Washington, it was warmer than usual."},{"startTime":8223.348,"endTime":8225.25,"body":"It was warmer than usual."},{"startTime":8225.25,"endTime":8227.652,"body":"And we can see from our islands, this"},{"startTime":8227.652,"endTime":8229.588,"body":"beautiful place where we live, you can"},{"startTime":8229.588,"endTime":8231.156,"body":"see across the Strait of San Juan de"},{"startTime":8231.156,"endTime":8233.158,"body":"Fuca, which is the connection of the"},{"startTime":8233.158,"endTime":8235.093,"body":"Pacific Ocean to the Puget"},{"startTime":8235.093,"endTime":8236.261,"body":"Sound and the Sailor Sea."},{"startTime":8237.395,"endTime":8240.332,"body":"You can see across the Olympics and they"},{"startTime":8240.332,"endTime":8241.833,"body":"never developed the"},{"startTime":8241.833,"endTime":8243.468,"body":"snowpack that they usually do."},{"startTime":8243.902,"endTime":8244.936,"body":"They just weren't the right"},{"startTime":8244.936,"endTime":8246.171,"body":"color for a lot of the winter."},{"startTime":8246.504,"endTime":8248.473,"body":"And you can also look east to the"},{"startTime":8248.473,"endTime":8249.808,"body":"mainland and see the Cascades."},{"startTime":8250.175,"endTime":8251.476,"body":"You can see Mount Baker, which is our"},{"startTime":8251.476,"endTime":8252.844,"body":"closest volcano rising up"},{"startTime":8252.844,"endTime":8254.112,"body":"above the rest of the Cascades."},{"startTime":8254.112,"endTime":8255.78,"body":"Even in a clear day, you can see"},{"startTime":8255.78,"endTime":8257.816,"body":"southeast to Mount Rainier."},{"startTime":8258.483,"endTime":8260.285,"body":"And none of them, I mean, Rainier, you"},{"startTime":8260.285,"endTime":8261.653,"body":"can't really tell it's too far away and"},{"startTime":8261.653,"endTime":8262.587,"body":"it's got such a lot of"},{"startTime":8262.587,"endTime":8264.055,"body":"permanent glacier on it."},{"startTime":8264.389,"endTime":8267.292,"body":"But none of the Cascades or the Olympics"},{"startTime":8267.759,"endTime":8268.96,"body":"were as white as they should be."},{"startTime":8268.96,"endTime":8271.429,"body":"We just didn't have as much snow as we're"},{"startTime":8271.429,"endTime":8272.097,"body":"supposed to this year."},{"startTime":8273.465,"endTime":8275.834,"body":"You know, the Mountain West clearly had a"},{"startTime":8275.834,"endTime":8277.302,"body":"very weird winter as well."},{"startTime":8277.302,"endTime":8278.67,"body":"It was much warmer than usual."},{"startTime":8278.67,"endTime":8279.638,"body":"It didn't get much snow."},{"startTime":8280.272,"endTime":8281.673,"body":"But what's going on in the Mountain West"},{"startTime":8281.673,"endTime":8284.209,"body":"is different, I think, from"},{"startTime":8284.209,"endTime":8285.277,"body":"what's going on in Washington."},{"startTime":8285.844,"endTime":8290.048,"body":"And so we have had, those of us on the"},{"startTime":8290.048,"endTime":8291.816,"body":"West Coast anyway, have had drummed into"},{"startTime":8291.816,"endTime":8294.886,"body":"our heads over decades that snowpack is"},{"startTime":8294.886,"endTime":8296.554,"body":"the indicator of drought."},{"startTime":8297.355,"endTime":8299.624,"body":"That if you go into, if you're finishing"},{"startTime":8299.624,"endTime":8302.293,"body":"up a winter or spring season with low"},{"startTime":8302.293,"endTime":8303.762,"body":"snowpack, you are screwed."},{"startTime":8304.195,"endTime":8305.897,"body":"Like that is what we have been told."},{"startTime":8306.698,"endTime":8310.735,"body":"And because as the snow melts into our"},{"startTime":8310.735,"endTime":8312.304,"body":"rivers and our reservoirs, that is what"},{"startTime":8312.304,"endTime":8313.972,"body":"we use during the dry summer months."},{"startTime":8314.005,"endTime":8316.508,"body":"So unlike, say the Upper Midwest or the"},{"startTime":8316.508,"endTime":8320.211,"body":"Northeast in the United States, we have"},{"startTime":8320.211,"endTime":8322.213,"body":"wet winters and dry summers."},{"startTime":8323.315,"endTime":8326.017,"body":"We have, in the lowlands and the West"},{"startTime":8326.017,"endTime":8328.319,"body":"Coast, our wet winters mean rain, but up"},{"startTime":8328.319,"endTime":8329.888,"body":"in the mountains that usually means snow."},{"startTime":8330.655,"endTime":8332.324,"body":"And our summers are dry."},{"startTime":8332.324,"endTime":8332.991,"body":"It's part of what makes"},{"startTime":8332.991,"endTime":8334.492,"body":"our summer so spectacular."},{"startTime":8335.193,"endTime":8336.528,"body":"There's a reason that Pacific"},{"startTime":8336.528,"endTime":8338.563,"body":"Northwesterners, for instance, don't want"},{"startTime":8338.563,"endTime":8339.964,"body":"to go anywhere else during the summers"},{"startTime":8339.964,"endTime":8341.633,"body":"because they really are so perfect here."},{"startTime":8342.667,"endTime":8343.601,"body":"They're crisp and clear"},{"startTime":8343.601,"endTime":8345.236,"body":"and sunny and beautiful."},{"startTime":8347.072,"endTime":8349.674,"body":"So we had this weird winter."},{"startTime":8350.175,"endTime":8352.243,"body":"We had this warm winter."},{"startTime":8355.613,"endTime":8358.95,"body":"And the snowpack is, to some degree, a"},{"startTime":8358.95,"endTime":8361.72,"body":"good indication of drought because"},{"startTime":8361.72,"endTime":8363.288,"body":"without the snow melting into our"},{"startTime":8363.288,"endTime":8364.789,"body":"reservoirs, we might not have enough"},{"startTime":8364.789,"endTime":8365.924,"body":"water to feed our crops."},{"startTime":8366.224,"endTime":8367.092,"body":"The crops won't flourish."},{"startTime":8367.992,"endTime":8369.127,"body":"We might have to ration water."},{"startTime":8369.494,"endTime":8372.931,"body":"We might not be able to grow our gardens,"},{"startTime":8372.931,"endTime":8374.933,"body":"much less actually grow our crops to eat."},{"startTime":8375.6,"endTime":8376.167,"body":"And there may be a"},{"startTime":8376.167,"endTime":8377.702,"body":"higher risk of wildfires too."},{"startTime":8378.136,"endTime":8378.87,"body":"Yeah, and harder to put out."},{"startTime":8379.471,"endTime":8380.839,"body":"And they're harder to put out again"},{"startTime":8380.905,"endTime":8382.507,"body":"because there's a shortage of water."},{"startTime":8383.742,"endTime":8386.911,"body":"But a couple months ago, or a little over"},{"startTime":8386.911,"endTime":8389.848,"body":"a month ago, I, no, a couple months ago,"},{"startTime":8389.848,"endTime":8391.116,"body":"I was hearing murmurs of, \"Oh, it's"},{"startTime":8391.116,"endTime":8391.883,"body":"another drought year.\""},{"startTime":8393.151,"endTime":8394.652,"body":"And then sure enough, we got the official"},{"startTime":8394.652,"endTime":8395.787,"body":"notification of drought."},{"startTime":8395.787,"endTime":8397.088,"body":"And from well before the official"},{"startTime":8397.088,"endTime":8398.256,"body":"notification of drought here in"},{"startTime":8398.256,"endTime":8399.19,"body":"Washington, I said to"},{"startTime":8399.19,"endTime":8401.426,"body":"you, \"No, I don't buy this."},{"startTime":8401.893,"endTime":8403.228,"body":"This is not the case."},{"startTime":8403.228,"endTime":8404.028,"body":"We are not having a"},{"startTime":8404.028,"endTime":8404.729,"body":"drought in Washington."},{"startTime":8405.263,"endTime":8406.498,"body":"Yes, I can see the mountains."},{"startTime":8406.498,"endTime":8407.365,"body":"I can see that they're not white."},{"startTime":8407.932,"endTime":8410.168,"body":"I can see that the snowpack is probably"},{"startTime":8410.168,"endTime":8412.771,"body":"low and all of the measurements confirm"},{"startTime":8413.037,"endTime":8415.607,"body":"that visual estimation.\""},{"startTime":8416.407,"endTime":8417.675,"body":"But not only was our winter"},{"startTime":8417.675,"endTime":8419.811,"body":"warm here, it was supremely wet."},{"startTime":8420.345,"endTime":8422.013,"body":"We had so much rainfall."},{"startTime":8422.247,"endTime":8425.016,"body":"We in fact had more precipitation than an"},{"startTime":8425.016,"endTime":8426.284,"body":"average year by a fair bit."},{"startTime":8427.085,"endTime":8428.286,"body":"We had so much rainfall."},{"startTime":8429.487,"endTime":8432.824,"body":"And what it did in part was, yes, sure,"},{"startTime":8432.824,"endTime":8433.792,"body":"some rainfall runs"},{"startTime":8433.792,"endTime":8435.26,"body":"off, runs into the ocean."},{"startTime":8435.26,"endTime":8436.494,"body":"So you never see it again."},{"startTime":8436.494,"endTime":8438.463,"body":"It doesn't track with regard to whether"},{"startTime":8438.463,"endTime":8439.497,"body":"or not you can count it"},{"startTime":8439.497,"endTime":8441.032,"body":"towards human use in the summer."},{"startTime":8441.533,"endTime":8444.435,"body":"But we have rivers that are full now."},{"startTime":8444.435,"endTime":8446.271,"body":"We have reservoirs that are full in part"},{"startTime":8446.271,"endTime":8448.807,"body":"because water management is relatively"},{"startTime":8448.807,"endTime":8450.008,"body":"good when it's working"},{"startTime":8450.008,"endTime":8451.81,"body":"properly in the West."},{"startTime":8452.71,"endTime":8455.146,"body":"And so at the point that sure enough for"},{"startTime":8455.146,"endTime":8456.347,"body":"life, it's the fourth, or I can't"},{"startTime":8456.347,"endTime":8458.116,"body":"remember the fifth year in a row, the"},{"startTime":8458.116,"endTime":8459.35,"body":"Department of Ecology in the state of"},{"startTime":8459.35,"endTime":8460.785,"body":"Washington said, \"Oh, it's official,"},{"startTime":8460.785,"endTime":8461.386,"body":"we're in a drought.\""},{"startTime":8462.987,"endTime":8466.658,"body":"I just do not know what they're up to."},{"startTime":8466.891,"endTime":8469.093,"body":"My mind at this point goes to, what are"},{"startTime":8469.093,"endTime":8470.094,"body":"they trying to achieve?"},{"startTime":8470.595,"endTime":8471.93,"body":"Why are they trying to scare us?"},{"startTime":8472.23,"endTime":8473.665,"body":"Why are they trying to convince us that"},{"startTime":8473.665,"endTime":8475.567,"body":"we didn't just live through one of the"},{"startTime":8475.567,"endTime":8477.101,"body":"wettest series of atmospheric"},{"startTime":8477.101,"endTime":8478.736,"body":"rivers that I can't remember."},{"startTime":8478.803,"endTime":8480.038,"body":"It was incredible."},{"startTime":8480.939,"endTime":8481.239,"body":"Historical flooding."},{"startTime":8481.472,"endTime":8483.007,"body":"And historical flooding in Western"},{"startTime":8483.007,"endTime":8484.676,"body":"Washington, not here on the islands, but"},{"startTime":8484.676,"endTime":8485.91,"body":"historical flooding, so"},{"startTime":8485.91,"endTime":8486.911,"body":"many homes washed away."},{"startTime":8487.312,"endTime":8488.947,"body":"So many river beds changed permanently."},{"startTime":8489.681,"endTime":8492.05,"body":"And it's as if those people, those lives,"},{"startTime":8492.05,"endTime":8494.052,"body":"those storms didn't happen because they"},{"startTime":8494.052,"endTime":8495.954,"body":"don't fit a narrative of we're in a"},{"startTime":8495.954,"endTime":8496.855,"body":"drought, you have to conserve."},{"startTime":8498.056,"endTime":8505.163,"body":"So that is all where I was in my own head"},{"startTime":8505.163,"endTime":8507.232,"body":"about, I don't know what the Department"},{"startTime":8507.232,"endTime":8508.166,"body":"of Ecology is up to."},{"startTime":8509.534,"endTime":8510.702,"body":"So I just wanted to say,"},{"startTime":8511.836,"endTime":8514.272,"body":"I was not initially convinced by your"},{"startTime":8514.272,"endTime":8520.245,"body":"argument because water isn't just water."},{"startTime":8520.645,"endTime":8522.347,"body":"The thing about the snowpack is that it's"},{"startTime":8522.347,"endTime":8524.449,"body":"basically time release water, right?"},{"startTime":8524.449,"endTime":8525.483,"body":"It sits up there frozen"},{"startTime":8525.483,"endTime":8527.318,"body":"and it melts off over time."},{"startTime":8527.852,"endTime":8529.621,"body":"And the effect of that, if you imagine"},{"startTime":8529.621,"endTime":8532.223,"body":"you had the snowpack and you snapped your"},{"startTime":8532.223,"endTime":8534.259,"body":"fingers and it all melted simultaneously,"},{"startTime":8534.926,"endTime":8536.594,"body":"most of it would rush off into the sea."},{"startTime":8536.928,"endTime":8539.531,"body":"Whereas if it melts slowly, what happens"},{"startTime":8539.531,"endTime":8543.134,"body":"is it goes down slope and whatever has"},{"startTime":8543.134,"endTime":8545.436,"body":"evaporated out of the soil is replaced by"},{"startTime":8545.436,"endTime":8546.905,"body":"what is now melting onto it."},{"startTime":8547.238,"endTime":8550.742,"body":"So then you get the evaporation and the"},{"startTime":8550.742,"endTime":8553.411,"body":"humidifying of the air"},{"startTime":8553.411,"endTime":8554.512,"body":"just above the ground."},{"startTime":8555.013,"endTime":8556.314,"body":"So anyway, there's lots of things about"},{"startTime":8556.314,"endTime":8558.416,"body":"snowpack that actually"},{"startTime":8558.416,"endTime":8562.086,"body":"count more than a drop of rain."},{"startTime":8563.087,"endTime":8564.956,"body":"Absolutely, count more, count"},{"startTime":8564.956,"endTime":8566.624,"body":"differently, can be used to"},{"startTime":8566.624,"endTime":8567.992,"body":"understand risk differently."},{"startTime":8568.693,"endTime":8572.13,"body":"But using it as the sole marker of"},{"startTime":8572.13,"endTime":8574.933,"body":"whether or not you're in a drought is"},{"startTime":8574.933,"endTime":8577.035,"body":"once again a gameable proposition."},{"startTime":8577.702,"endTime":8579.003,"body":"It's absolutely gameable."},{"startTime":8579.637,"endTime":8582.607,"body":"And so I was pleased, not entirely"},{"startTime":8582.607,"endTime":8586.01,"body":"surprised to find that Cliff Mass, who's"},{"startTime":8586.01,"endTime":8589.113,"body":"an atmospheric scientist who has gotten"},{"startTime":8589.113,"endTime":8590.548,"body":"into a lot of hot water for not"},{"startTime":8590.548,"endTime":8592.317,"body":"completely buying into the"},{"startTime":8592.317,"endTime":8594.585,"body":"climate change narrative."},{"startTime":8594.585,"endTime":8595.253,"body":"Can you see my screen?"},{"startTime":8596.621,"endTime":8599.958,"body":"As posted this as of May 2nd, 2026, there"},{"startTime":8599.958,"endTime":8600.658,"body":"is no drought"},{"startTime":8600.658,"endTime":8602.393,"body":"emergency in Washington State."},{"startTime":8603.428,"endTime":8605.363,"body":"I'm gonna read through most of it."},{"startTime":8607.265,"endTime":8607.465,"body":"Anyway,"},{"startTime":8608.9,"endTime":8611.436,"body":"on April 8th, Washington State declared a"},{"startTime":8611.436,"endTime":8612.971,"body":"trout emergency for Washington State."},{"startTime":8613.705,"endTime":8614.439,"body":"In fact, this is the"},{"startTime":8614.439,"endTime":8615.373,"body":"fourth year in a row."},{"startTime":8615.373,"endTime":8616.307,"body":"The Washington State Department of"},{"startTime":8616.307,"endTime":8617.475,"body":"Ecology has done so."},{"startTime":8618.476,"endTime":8620.745,"body":"And the screenshot that he's got of a"},{"startTime":8620.745,"endTime":8621.946,"body":"headline, Washington declares"},{"startTime":8621.946,"endTime":8624.148,"body":"unprecedented fourth drought emergency in"},{"startTime":8624.148,"endTime":8625.583,"body":"a row, just pay"},{"startTime":8625.583,"endTime":8626.951,"body":"attention to that language again."},{"startTime":8626.951,"endTime":8627.919,"body":"This is like what the who"},{"startTime":8627.919,"endTime":8629.087,"body":"was doing with their language."},{"startTime":8629.554,"endTime":8631.656,"body":"We have seen no research that says that"},{"startTime":8631.656,"endTime":8633.758,"body":"ivermectin is useful against Hantavirus."},{"startTime":8634.325,"endTime":8635.526,"body":"That's not how you do science."},{"startTime":8636.494,"endTime":8638.229,"body":"Washington declares unprecedented fourth"},{"startTime":8638.229,"endTime":8639.163,"body":"drought emergency in a row."},{"startTime":8639.63,"endTime":8643.434,"body":"Washington created a category that they"},{"startTime":8643.434,"endTime":8646.404,"body":"then filled with drought and can now say,"},{"startTime":8646.471,"endTime":8647.905,"body":"ah, it's a fourth drought in a row."},{"startTime":8647.905,"endTime":8648.873,"body":"No, you declared the"},{"startTime":8648.873,"endTime":8649.874,"body":"fourth drought in a row."},{"startTime":8649.974,"endTime":8651.542,"body":"That's what's unprecedented, not"},{"startTime":8651.542,"endTime":8652.61,"body":"necessarily that there is"},{"startTime":8652.61,"endTime":8653.911,"body":"a fourth drought in a row."},{"startTime":8653.945,"endTime":8655.88,"body":"And Mass will argue here that there's"},{"startTime":8655.88,"endTime":8658.116,"body":"been actually no droughts in a row, not"},{"startTime":8658.116,"endTime":8662.42,"body":"that the West Coast is not prone to"},{"startTime":8662.42,"endTime":8663.354,"body":"droughts, not that we"},{"startTime":8663.354,"endTime":8664.255,"body":"haven't had droughts."},{"startTime":8664.255,"endTime":8666.024,"body":"Of course we have, of course we can, of"},{"startTime":8666.024,"endTime":8668.026,"body":"course water is always an issue here,"},{"startTime":8668.026,"endTime":8669.961,"body":"especially because we have again dry"},{"startTime":8669.961,"endTime":8672.363,"body":"summers, but it's not what's going on"},{"startTime":8672.363,"endTime":8673.431,"body":"right now, he argues."},{"startTime":8674.298,"endTime":8674.832,"body":"And I concur."},{"startTime":8675.533,"endTime":8676.734,"body":"As described below, these drought"},{"startTime":8676.734,"endTime":8678.436,"body":"emergency declarations are unwarranted"},{"startTime":8678.436,"endTime":8680.171,"body":"and are contradictory to meteorological"},{"startTime":8680.171,"endTime":8681.639,"body":"facts and the actual impacts."},{"startTime":8682.473,"endTime":8683.775,"body":"He writes, let me remind you about the"},{"startTime":8683.775,"endTime":8685.777,"body":"definitions of emergency and a drought."},{"startTime":8686.31,"endTime":8687.745,"body":"An emergency must be sudden and"},{"startTime":8687.745,"endTime":8689.714,"body":"unexpected, requiring immediate action to"},{"startTime":8689.714,"endTime":8690.948,"body":"prevent imminent danger."},{"startTime":8690.948,"endTime":8691.616,"body":"It is a crisis."},{"startTime":8692.283,"endTime":8693.985,"body":"As I will prove below, this does not"},{"startTime":8693.985,"endTime":8695.086,"body":"characterize what has happened in"},{"startTime":8695.086,"endTime":8696.02,"body":"Washington this year"},{"startTime":8696.02,"endTime":8697.088,"body":"or the past few years."},{"startTime":8697.555,"endTime":8698.79,"body":"Then he's got a dictionary definition."},{"startTime":8699.691,"endTime":8701.626,"body":"The term drought means both much drier"},{"startTime":8701.626,"endTime":8703.061,"body":"than normal conditions and significant"},{"startTime":8703.061,"endTime":8704.695,"body":"negative impacts of the dryness."},{"startTime":8706.23,"endTime":8707.265,"body":"Half the years have"},{"startTime":8707.265,"endTime":8708.232,"body":"below normal precipitation."},{"startTime":8709.867,"endTime":8710.735,"body":"Half the years have"},{"startTime":8710.735,"endTime":8711.636,"body":"below normal snowpack."},{"startTime":8712.27,"endTime":8713.404,"body":"All these below normal"},{"startTime":8713.404,"endTime":8715.206,"body":"years are not drought years."},{"startTime":8716.074,"endTime":8717.108,"body":"Basic statistics, right?"},{"startTime":8717.709,"endTime":8719.777,"body":"But apparently the people at Department"},{"startTime":8719.777,"endTime":8721.312,"body":"of Ecology may not be aware of this."},{"startTime":8722.146,"endTime":8722.947,"body":"Let us consider the water"},{"startTime":8722.947,"endTime":8724.315,"body":"situation this year, he writes."},{"startTime":8724.982,"endTime":8726.517,"body":"The major reservoirs of our state are"},{"startTime":8726.517,"endTime":8727.618,"body":"full or way above"},{"startTime":8727.618,"endTime":8728.753,"body":"normal in water storage."},{"startTime":8729.954,"endTime":8731.155,"body":"Seattle, much above normal."},{"startTime":8731.989,"endTime":8733.091,"body":"Everett, much above normal."},{"startTime":8733.591,"endTime":8734.959,"body":"The critically important Yakima River"},{"startTime":8734.959,"endTime":8736.36,"body":"reservoir system, full"},{"startTime":8736.36,"endTime":8737.428,"body":"and much above normal."},{"startTime":8737.795,"endTime":8740.198,"body":"So in this one, for instance, the blue"},{"startTime":8740.198,"endTime":8744.836,"body":"line is observed and the dotted lines are"},{"startTime":8744.836,"endTime":8747.171,"body":"expected, so they go throughout the year."},{"startTime":8747.171,"endTime":8748.306,"body":"And this is just the date to"},{"startTime":8748.306,"endTime":8749.607,"body":"which we've arrived so far."},{"startTime":8751.175,"endTime":8752.61,"body":"The Columbia River water levels are above"},{"startTime":8752.61,"endTime":8754.378,"body":"normal and predictions are for plenty of"},{"startTime":8754.378,"endTime":8756.114,"body":"water for both irrigation and power."},{"startTime":8756.848,"endTime":8758.282,"body":"The Columbia is the most important source"},{"startTime":8758.282,"endTime":8759.05,"body":"of irrigation water"},{"startTime":8759.05,"endTime":8759.984,"body":"in Eastern Washington."},{"startTime":8760.451,"endTime":8762.153,"body":"It irrigates 10 times the number of acres"},{"startTime":8762.153,"endTime":8764.088,"body":"as the Yakima River, okay?"},{"startTime":8764.989,"endTime":8765.89,"body":"River levels in the state"},{"startTime":8765.89,"endTime":8766.858,"body":"are all close to normal."},{"startTime":8767.925,"endTime":8769.26,"body":"Precipitation over the state for the"},{"startTime":8769.26,"endTime":8771.162,"body":"water year, that is beginning in October"},{"startTime":8771.162,"endTime":8773.064,"body":"1st, because again, wet winter is dry"},{"startTime":8773.064,"endTime":8774.532,"body":"summer, so we begin our water year"},{"startTime":8774.532,"endTime":8776.033,"body":"counting October 1st."},{"startTime":8776.367,"endTime":8778.402,"body":"October 1st to now is above normal for"},{"startTime":8778.402,"endTime":8780.071,"body":"most of the state and much above normal"},{"startTime":8780.071,"endTime":8781.672,"body":"in the mountains, which is why all the"},{"startTime":8781.672,"endTime":8782.807,"body":"reservoirs are so full."},{"startTime":8784.208,"endTime":8786.41,"body":"Soil moisture is above normal."},{"startTime":8786.944,"endTime":8789.413,"body":"So for me, this was one that I did not"},{"startTime":8789.413,"endTime":8790.815,"body":"know, but was wondering about, because if"},{"startTime":8790.815,"endTime":8792.817,"body":"the soils are already dry or if the soils"},{"startTime":8792.817,"endTime":8794.652,"body":"are mostly dry, then we have a problem,"},{"startTime":8794.786,"endTime":8797.088,"body":"right, and it kind of doesn't matter how"},{"startTime":8797.088,"endTime":8798.222,"body":"much water did fall,"},{"startTime":8799.257,"endTime":8801.392,"body":"but because if the soils are already dry,"},{"startTime":8801.392,"endTime":8802.193,"body":"the crops are already dry."},{"startTime":8802.693,"endTime":8803.528,"body":"I think this will work if"},{"startTime":8803.528,"endTime":8804.462,"body":"I click through on this."},{"startTime":8805.563,"endTime":8807.632,"body":"Just to explain what this means, because"},{"startTime":8807.632,"endTime":8810.668,"body":"it's confusing, this is coming off of"},{"startTime":8810.668,"endTime":8812.436,"body":"NOAA, but it's a USDA topsoil"},{"startTime":8812.436,"endTime":8814.105,"body":"moisture by short, very short."},{"startTime":8814.872,"endTime":8815.673,"body":"Man, does that title not"},{"startTime":8815.673,"endTime":8816.607,"body":"tell you what it means."},{"startTime":8817.575,"endTime":8818.609,"body":"So what that means, I"},{"startTime":8818.609,"endTime":8819.41,"body":"have to look it up again,"},{"startTime":8820.945,"endTime":8824.015,"body":"that is the percentage, each of these"},{"startTime":8824.015,"endTime":8825.983,"body":"numbers is the current numbers in black"},{"startTime":8826.083,"endTime":8827.985,"body":"with the 10 year mean below in red for"},{"startTime":8827.985,"endTime":8828.92,"body":"each of the 50 states."},{"startTime":8829.72,"endTime":8831.222,"body":"So for Washington at the moment, we're an"},{"startTime":8831.222,"endTime":8832.59,"body":"eight, and somehow that's good."},{"startTime":8832.59,"endTime":8833.224,"body":"How is that good?"},{"startTime":8833.524,"endTime":8835.092,"body":"Because what that eight means is the"},{"startTime":8835.092,"endTime":8837.428,"body":"percentage of the state's agricultural"},{"startTime":8837.428,"endTime":8839.73,"body":"area where the topsoil moisture is rated"},{"startTime":8839.73,"endTime":8842.166,"body":"as either short or very short, in which"},{"startTime":8842.166,"endTime":8844.435,"body":"the other three categories possible are"},{"startTime":8844.435,"endTime":8846.671,"body":"adequate, surplus, and very surplus."},{"startTime":8847.305,"endTime":8849.74,"body":"So you want as close to zero as possible"},{"startTime":8850.174,"endTime":8854.145,"body":"if your soil moisture is normal or better"},{"startTime":8854.145,"endTime":8856.147,"body":"than normal, flooded is what you don't"},{"startTime":8856.147,"endTime":8858.015,"body":"want, but for a year."},{"startTime":8858.616,"endTime":8860.585,"body":"And the 10 year mean for Washington has"},{"startTime":8860.585,"endTime":8863.287,"body":"been a 22, but almost a quarter of"},{"startTime":8863.287,"endTime":8864.822,"body":"agricultural soils in the state of"},{"startTime":8864.822,"endTime":8867.525,"body":"Washington at this time of year have been"},{"startTime":8867.525,"endTime":8869.227,"body":"short or very short with regard to water."},{"startTime":8869.227,"endTime":8870.528,"body":"At the moment, we've got an eight."},{"startTime":8871.128,"endTime":8873.264,"body":"Got almost no very dry soils"},{"startTime":8873.264,"endTime":8874.365,"body":"in the state of Washington."},{"startTime":8875.533,"endTime":8879.971,"body":"Okay, so oops, going back to the mass"},{"startTime":8879.971,"endTime":8882.607,"body":"piece, crop moisture above normal in much"},{"startTime":8882.607,"endTime":8884.609,"body":"of the state, nowhere is below normal."},{"startTime":8885.209,"endTime":8886.51,"body":"Current status of crops, they're in"},{"startTime":8886.51,"endTime":8888.045,"body":"excellent shape with extremely high"},{"startTime":8888.045,"endTime":8888.98,"body":"yields for winter wheat."},{"startTime":8889.413,"endTime":8890.448,"body":"Apples look good as well."},{"startTime":8891.649,"endTime":8893.284,"body":"So with all this good water news, why is"},{"startTime":8893.284,"endTime":8894.352,"body":"the Washington State Department of"},{"startTime":8894.352,"endTime":8895.72,"body":"Ecology calling a drought emergency?"},{"startTime":8896.687,"endTime":8898.022,"body":"They claim it is because the state"},{"startTime":8898.022,"endTime":8898.856,"body":"snowpack is below"},{"startTime":8898.856,"endTime":8900.825,"body":"normal, about half of average."},{"startTime":8901.392,"endTime":8902.66,"body":"That's real, right?"},{"startTime":8902.66,"endTime":8904.829,"body":"Like as anyone who's living here at the"},{"startTime":8904.829,"endTime":8906.564,"body":"moment can see, the mountains aren't"},{"startTime":8906.564,"endTime":8907.465,"body":"white, and they never"},{"startTime":8907.465,"endTime":8908.633,"body":"got fully white this year."},{"startTime":8909.2,"endTime":8911.502,"body":"This snowpack normally, this, so this is"},{"startTime":8911.502,"endTime":8912.303,"body":"maybe the most interesting"},{"startTime":8912.303,"endTime":8913.471,"body":"thing in this piece to me."},{"startTime":8913.671,"endTime":8915.873,"body":"He writes, \"This snowpack normally melts"},{"startTime":8915.873,"endTime":8918.209,"body":"in May and June, \"helping to top off the"},{"startTime":8918.209,"endTime":8919.911,"body":"reservoirs \"and support streamflow during"},{"startTime":8919.911,"endTime":8921.012,"body":"the early to mid-summer."},{"startTime":8921.879,"endTime":8924.282,"body":"\"I thought we were getting snowpack water"},{"startTime":8924.615,"endTime":8925.516,"body":"\"through the end of the summer.\""},{"startTime":8926.751,"endTime":8930.521,"body":"If it's even under a good year, it's"},{"startTime":8930.521,"endTime":8932.757,"body":"melting in May and June, and we've got"},{"startTime":8932.757,"endTime":8935.426,"body":"topped off reservoirs and soils that are"},{"startTime":8935.426,"endTime":8937.795,"body":"super moist, and the crops are doing"},{"startTime":8937.795,"endTime":8940.431,"body":"well, and we do have some snowpack, no,"},{"startTime":8940.431,"endTime":8941.832,"body":"it's not as good as we would like, but"},{"startTime":8941.832,"endTime":8944.702,"body":"it's literally the one metric, the one"},{"startTime":8944.702,"endTime":8946.537,"body":"thing that is being looked at that is"},{"startTime":8946.537,"endTime":8949.106,"body":"bad, and everything else is not only"},{"startTime":8949.106,"endTime":8950.775,"body":"good, but often beyond"},{"startTime":8950.775,"endTime":8952.009,"body":"good, like really good."},{"startTime":8952.743,"endTime":8955.546,"body":"Yeah, so I want you to highlight that"},{"startTime":8955.546,"endTime":8957.915,"body":"point, because what you're really saying"},{"startTime":8957.915,"endTime":8960.351,"body":"is to the extent that the snowpack was"},{"startTime":8960.351,"endTime":8962.653,"body":"going to have an impact, it would be now."},{"startTime":8962.653,"endTime":8964.655,"body":"If the drought that it manifested in the"},{"startTime":8964.655,"endTime":8967.625,"body":"snowpack was real, then the point is you"},{"startTime":8967.625,"endTime":8969.093,"body":"would already be seeing it in the rivers,"},{"startTime":8969.627,"endTime":8971.529,"body":"and if that's not the case, if we're"},{"startTime":8971.529,"endTime":8975.666,"body":"full, then we actually know that unless"},{"startTime":8975.666,"endTime":8978.669,"body":"things are anomalously dry in some way"},{"startTime":8978.669,"endTime":8981.072,"body":"that we can't foresee yet, that this"},{"startTime":8981.072,"endTime":8982.106,"body":"isn't gonna be a drought."},{"startTime":8982.54,"endTime":8984.608,"body":"Now, okay, so you've got reservoirs that"},{"startTime":8984.608,"endTime":8986.911,"body":"are full, and you've got snow beginning"},{"startTime":8986.911,"endTime":8988.946,"body":"to melt, because this is the time of year"},{"startTime":8988.946,"endTime":8989.914,"body":"when snow begins to melt."},{"startTime":8990.715,"endTime":8991.615,"body":"Obviously, some of that"},{"startTime":8991.615,"endTime":8992.783,"body":"could be wasted, right?"},{"startTime":8993.15,"endTime":8995.853,"body":"If you don't have crop or other human use"},{"startTime":8995.853,"endTime":8999.056,"body":"for the water, at the moment that you"},{"startTime":8999.056,"endTime":9000.992,"body":"have to decide between letting some of"},{"startTime":9000.992,"endTime":9002.727,"body":"the reservoirs go to waste because the"},{"startTime":9002.727,"endTime":9006.597,"body":"snowpack is melting into the reservoirs"},{"startTime":9006.597,"endTime":9009.567,"body":"and the rivers, then you can't just count"},{"startTime":9009.567,"endTime":9011.335,"body":"up the expected water that you currently"},{"startTime":9011.335,"endTime":9012.503,"body":"have banked in the snow and the"},{"startTime":9012.503,"endTime":9013.871,"body":"reservoirs and the rivers and say that's"},{"startTime":9013.871,"endTime":9014.672,"body":"how much water we'll have"},{"startTime":9014.672,"endTime":9015.306,"body":"at the end of the summer."},{"startTime":9015.673,"endTime":9018.476,"body":"It's not that simple either, but we have"},{"startTime":9018.476,"endTime":9021.212,"body":"so much at the moment, and the soil is in"},{"startTime":9021.212,"endTime":9023.614,"body":"such good condition, and the rivers are"},{"startTime":9023.614,"endTime":9025.516,"body":"in such good condition, and the crops are"},{"startTime":9025.516,"endTime":9027.184,"body":"in such good condition, and only the"},{"startTime":9027.184,"endTime":9030.821,"body":"snowpack is below average, and yes, some"},{"startTime":9030.821,"endTime":9032.289,"body":"people are saying, and maybe he even says"},{"startTime":9032.289,"endTime":9035.092,"body":"it here, like he doesn't say it, but it's"},{"startTime":9035.092,"endTime":9035.793,"body":"been like fifth"},{"startTime":9035.793,"endTime":9037.795,"body":"percentile year for snowpack."},{"startTime":9038.195,"endTime":9040.297,"body":"That doesn't sound good, but what"},{"startTime":9040.297,"endTime":9041.532,"body":"percentile year is it for"},{"startTime":9041.532,"endTime":9042.767,"body":"all of these other measures?"},{"startTime":9042.767,"endTime":9043.834,"body":"We don't have those data."},{"startTime":9044.034,"endTime":9044.735,"body":"So let me just finish this"},{"startTime":9044.735,"endTime":9045.503,"body":"piece, because it's right here."},{"startTime":9046.037,"endTime":9047.204,"body":"Don't get me wrong, he writes, it would"},{"startTime":9047.204,"endTime":9048.572,"body":"be better if the snowpack were normal,"},{"startTime":9048.572,"endTime":9050.174,"body":"but there really is no water problem this"},{"startTime":9050.174,"endTime":9051.575,"body":"summer with the current snowpack and"},{"startTime":9051.575,"endTime":9052.443,"body":"certainly no drought."},{"startTime":9053.344,"endTime":9055.913,"body":"First, 50% snowpack is not zero, and"},{"startTime":9055.913,"endTime":9057.448,"body":"there will be substantial snow melt water"},{"startTime":9057.448,"endTime":9058.816,"body":"available during the next few months."},{"startTime":9059.283,"endTime":9061.552,"body":"Second, reservoir managers were very wise"},{"startTime":9061.552,"endTime":9063.054,"body":"and used the above normal precipitation"},{"startTime":9063.354,"endTime":9064.155,"body":"of the past winter to"},{"startTime":9064.155,"endTime":9064.855,"body":"fill the reservoirs."},{"startTime":9065.556,"endTime":9067.124,"body":"Better weather prediction supports this,"},{"startTime":9067.124,"endTime":9068.392,"body":"since they can fill the reservoirs,"},{"startTime":9068.826,"endTime":9070.027,"body":"knowing they would have time to partially"},{"startTime":9070.027,"endTime":9071.695,"body":"drain them if a major storm approaches."},{"startTime":9072.496,"endTime":9074.198,"body":"Third, and this is not advertised by the"},{"startTime":9074.198,"endTime":9076.5,"body":"water fear mongers, Washington State gets"},{"startTime":9076.5,"endTime":9078.469,"body":"much more precipitation, including snow"},{"startTime":9078.469,"endTime":9080.604,"body":"water, than it needs, and much of the"},{"startTime":9080.604,"endTime":9081.472,"body":"snow melt moves down"},{"startTime":9081.472,"endTime":9082.54,"body":"the rivers into the sea."},{"startTime":9083.407,"endTime":9084.775,"body":"Fourth, the Washington State agriculture"},{"startTime":9085.009,"endTime":9085.91,"body":"can do quite well with"},{"startTime":9085.91,"endTime":9086.844,"body":"below normal precipitation."},{"startTime":9087.511,"endTime":9089.013,"body":"This is true of the Yakima Basin farmers"},{"startTime":9089.013,"endTime":9090.314,"body":"when they don't get their full allotment."},{"startTime":9091.015,"endTime":9091.882,"body":"What happened during the"},{"startTime":9091.882,"endTime":9093.15,"body":"2025 drought emergency?"},{"startTime":9093.417,"endTime":9094.919,"body":"So again, we've just had our fourth"},{"startTime":9094.919,"endTime":9096.62,"body":"annual drought"},{"startTime":9096.62,"endTime":9097.922,"body":"emergency in a row declared."},{"startTime":9097.922,"endTime":9098.923,"body":"What happened last year?"},{"startTime":9099.423,"endTime":9100.291,"body":"For apples, there was"},{"startTime":9100.291,"endTime":9101.325,"body":"record equaling harvest."},{"startTime":9101.725,"endTime":9103.494,"body":"For cherries, a strong bumper crop with"},{"startTime":9103.494,"endTime":9104.695,"body":"some of the best quality in years."},{"startTime":9105.062,"endTime":9106.697,"body":"For potatoes, the crop was characterized"},{"startTime":9106.697,"endTime":9107.665,"body":"by high quality and"},{"startTime":9107.665,"endTime":9108.766,"body":"excellent growing conditions."},{"startTime":9109.567,"endTime":9113.27,"body":"Wheat was down by 1.5%"},{"startTime":9113.27,"endTime":9114.872,"body":"from 2024, but still 12%"},{"startTime":9116.106,"endTime":9117.208,"body":"above the five year average."},{"startTime":9117.675,"endTime":9118.843,"body":"And for raspberries, the production"},{"startTime":9118.843,"endTime":9121.011,"body":"exceeded 60 million pounds, which will be"},{"startTime":9121.011,"endTime":9122.112,"body":"the highest harvest since 2018."},{"startTime":9122.379,"endTime":9123.614,"body":"So it's not only a"},{"startTime":9123.614,"endTime":9124.415,"body":"drought, it's a famine."},{"startTime":9124.748,"endTime":9125.95,"body":"So that was the third"},{"startTime":9125.95,"endTime":9126.984,"body":"drought year in a row."},{"startTime":9129.186,"endTime":9130.888,"body":"What are they doing?"},{"startTime":9131.589,"endTime":9132.89,"body":"The Washington State Department of"},{"startTime":9132.89,"endTime":9135.192,"body":"Ecology writes, Cliff Mass, is"},{"startTime":9135.192,"endTime":9136.694,"body":"undermining its credibility with these"},{"startTime":9136.694,"endTime":9137.495,"body":"inflammatory and"},{"startTime":9137.495,"endTime":9138.896,"body":"unscientific drought emergencies."},{"startTime":9140.064,"endTime":9140.998,"body":"One loses credibility"},{"startTime":9140.998,"endTime":9142.199,"body":"when exaggerating threats."},{"startTime":9142.233,"endTime":9143.667,"body":"Eventually others don't take you"},{"startTime":9143.667,"endTime":9145.536,"body":"seriously, nor should they."},{"startTime":9146.003,"endTime":9147.771,"body":"I mean, it's useful to have a functioning"},{"startTime":9147.771,"endTime":9148.939,"body":"department of ecology, but"},{"startTime":9148.939,"endTime":9151.008,"body":"clearly we don't have one."},{"startTime":9151.041,"endTime":9152.042,"body":"Yeah, that's not functioning."},{"startTime":9153.677,"endTime":9155.746,"body":"One caveat from what you were saying"},{"startTime":9155.746,"endTime":9158.549,"body":"about the snow melt would typically have"},{"startTime":9158.549,"endTime":9160.651,"body":"happened by-- August."},{"startTime":9161.552,"endTime":9162.486,"body":"By May and June, you said."},{"startTime":9162.786,"endTime":9164.221,"body":"Well, by the end of June,"},{"startTime":9165.489,"endTime":9166.79,"body":"this is again, just one"},{"startTime":9166.79,"endTime":9168.726,"body":"sentence in this mass piece."},{"startTime":9169.226,"endTime":9171.695,"body":"He says, this snowpack normally melts in"},{"startTime":9171.695,"endTime":9173.631,"body":"May and June, helping to top off the"},{"startTime":9173.631,"endTime":9175.566,"body":"reservoirs and support streamflow during"},{"startTime":9175.566,"endTime":9176.233,"body":"the early mid-summer."},{"startTime":9176.233,"endTime":9177.067,"body":"I have not gone and looked"},{"startTime":9177.067,"endTime":9178.736,"body":"up original hydrological data."},{"startTime":9178.769,"endTime":9180.871,"body":"Right, so the one question that I have"},{"startTime":9180.871,"endTime":9184.975,"body":"about that is the fact that it melts then"},{"startTime":9184.975,"endTime":9186.944,"body":"doesn't say anything about how long it"},{"startTime":9186.944,"endTime":9188.012,"body":"takes to get to the rivers."},{"startTime":9188.012,"endTime":9189.146,"body":"It depends how it gets there."},{"startTime":9189.346,"endTime":9191.081,"body":"Obviously anything that ends up in a"},{"startTime":9191.081,"endTime":9193.25,"body":"stream is moving pretty fast."},{"startTime":9193.484,"endTime":9195.786,"body":"But if it melts into the soil and"},{"startTime":9195.786,"endTime":9199.056,"body":"trickles down or it cycles, it creates"},{"startTime":9199.056,"endTime":9202.726,"body":"humidity as it evaporates and that falls"},{"startTime":9202.726,"endTime":9204.828,"body":"as rain, it could take some time."},{"startTime":9204.828,"endTime":9205.763,"body":"There could be a delay."},{"startTime":9205.763,"endTime":9207.031,"body":"But I agree with you."},{"startTime":9207.031,"endTime":9210.034,"body":"I mean, the basic puzzle is obvious."},{"startTime":9210.534,"endTime":9212.169,"body":"You have a complex system."},{"startTime":9212.77,"endTime":9214.572,"body":"There's effectively an equation that we"},{"startTime":9214.572,"endTime":9217.174,"body":"would like to have in which snowpack is a"},{"startTime":9217.174,"endTime":9219.543,"body":"important factor among many."},{"startTime":9220.311,"endTime":9222.146,"body":"And all of the other indicators that we"},{"startTime":9222.146,"endTime":9223.347,"body":"do have are pointing"},{"startTime":9223.347,"endTime":9224.215,"body":"in the other direction."},{"startTime":9225.149,"endTime":9227.718,"body":"And I mean, so this strikes me in"},{"startTime":9227.718,"endTime":9230.087,"body":"particular because I mean, this does tie"},{"startTime":9230.087,"endTime":9231.555,"body":"together in another way."},{"startTime":9231.555,"endTime":9233.691,"body":"We haven't talked about the first one"},{"startTime":9233.691,"endTime":9236.794,"body":"yet, but to the story with the Hantavirus"},{"startTime":9236.794,"endTime":9238.262,"body":"that you brought to us today."},{"startTime":9238.796,"endTime":9240.631,"body":"Because it feels like they're asking us"},{"startTime":9241.632,"endTime":9243.867,"body":"to disbelieve our own experience, to"},{"startTime":9243.867,"endTime":9245.169,"body":"simply trust what people say"},{"startTime":9245.169,"endTime":9246.203,"body":"as opposed to what we know."},{"startTime":9247.004,"endTime":9249.673,"body":"And that feels remote because most of us"},{"startTime":9249.673,"endTime":9251.642,"body":"haven't had experience with Hantavirus."},{"startTime":9251.642,"endTime":9252.476,"body":"I can never pronounce it correctly."},{"startTime":9253.51,"endTime":9255.479,"body":"But we have had experience with viruses"},{"startTime":9255.479,"endTime":9257.014,"body":"and transmission and we can listen to"},{"startTime":9257.014,"endTime":9257.848,"body":"these stories and say,"},{"startTime":9257.848,"endTime":9258.949,"body":"\"God, that doesn't quite track.\""},{"startTime":9259.55,"endTime":9261.852,"body":"And with regard to this fourth year in a"},{"startTime":9261.852,"endTime":9265.489,"body":"row in a drought, if you had said to any"},{"startTime":9265.489,"endTime":9267.024,"body":"Washingtonian on the west side of the"},{"startTime":9267.024,"endTime":9268.292,"body":"state, that is to say west of the"},{"startTime":9268.292,"endTime":9270.728,"body":"mountains, which sort of collect, the"},{"startTime":9270.728,"endTime":9273.364,"body":"storms come rushing off the Pacific and"},{"startTime":9273.364,"endTime":9274.999,"body":"the mountains just cause all that water"},{"startTime":9274.999,"endTime":9276.6,"body":"to drop or the snow, depending."},{"startTime":9277.468,"endTime":9279.303,"body":"If you would ask the Washingtonian on the"},{"startTime":9279.303,"endTime":9281.305,"body":"west side of the state in October or"},{"startTime":9281.305,"endTime":9283.774,"body":"November or December of last year, if we"},{"startTime":9283.774,"endTime":9284.475,"body":"were in a drought, they"},{"startTime":9284.475,"endTime":9285.409,"body":"would have laughed at you."},{"startTime":9285.442,"endTime":9285.743,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":9286.243,"endTime":9288.245,"body":"It was ridiculous here."},{"startTime":9288.245,"endTime":9289.013,"body":"It was so wet."},{"startTime":9289.546,"endTime":9291.215,"body":"And as it turns out, we still have a lot"},{"startTime":9291.215,"endTime":9292.783,"body":"of that water and we have the evidence of"},{"startTime":9292.783,"endTime":9296.253,"body":"that water in soil, moisture and crops."},{"startTime":9297.988,"endTime":9302.326,"body":"So this is like definitionally an example"},{"startTime":9302.326,"endTime":9304.228,"body":"of Cartesian crisis, where you are being"},{"startTime":9304.228,"endTime":9306.53,"body":"asked to disbelieve that which you can"},{"startTime":9306.53,"endTime":9309.667,"body":"just detect with your own senses in favor"},{"startTime":9309.667,"endTime":9311.235,"body":"of something and authority is telling"},{"startTime":9311.235,"endTime":9312.236,"body":"you, \"You're in a drought.\""},{"startTime":9313.137,"endTime":9314.338,"body":"Like, throw me a life preserver."},{"startTime":9315.072,"endTime":9316.24,"body":"(Laughing) No, you're in a drought."},{"startTime":9316.24,"endTime":9317.207,"body":"You don't need a life preserver."},{"startTime":9317.508,"endTime":9323.213,"body":"But so I think it's part and parcel of us"},{"startTime":9323.213,"endTime":9325.149,"body":"just living more remotely from the world."},{"startTime":9325.716,"endTime":9325.949,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":9326.617,"endTime":9328.252,"body":"It doesn't matter that it's, you know,"},{"startTime":9328.552,"endTime":9330.888,"body":"the houses are literally being washed"},{"startTime":9330.888,"endTime":9333.49,"body":"away, you know, 50 miles off."},{"startTime":9334.491,"endTime":9336.96,"body":"The folks on the screen tell me that it's"},{"startTime":9336.96,"endTime":9338.395,"body":"a drought and that that's an emergency."},{"startTime":9338.595,"endTime":9340.731,"body":"And frankly, that that entitles them to"},{"startTime":9340.731,"endTime":9341.498,"body":"do things that they would"},{"startTime":9341.498,"endTime":9342.866,"body":"not otherwise be allowed to do."},{"startTime":9342.933,"endTime":9343.067,"body":"That's right."},{"startTime":9343.067,"endTime":9343.767,"body":"It's a loophole that we"},{"startTime":9343.767,"endTime":9344.768,"body":"were talking about up top."},{"startTime":9345.002,"endTime":9345.202,"body":"Yeah."},{"startTime":9345.869,"endTime":9348.772,"body":"And I think I do wanna actually share"},{"startTime":9348.772,"endTime":9351.408,"body":"with, so the Department of Ecology had us"},{"startTime":9351.408,"endTime":9353.51,"body":"an official PDF that they put out, which"},{"startTime":9353.51,"endTime":9357.247,"body":"is pretty flattened and bureaucratic, but"},{"startTime":9357.247,"endTime":9358.349,"body":"they also put out a news release."},{"startTime":9358.749,"endTime":9361.185,"body":"Again, April 8th, 2026, about a month"},{"startTime":9361.185,"endTime":9362.753,"body":"ago, statewide drought"},{"startTime":9362.753,"endTime":9364.621,"body":"declared due to dismal snowpack."},{"startTime":9364.621,"endTime":9365.589,"body":"At least they're honest there."},{"startTime":9365.856,"endTime":9367.558,"body":"Like, they're only looking at snowpack."},{"startTime":9367.925,"endTime":9369.326,"body":"But this is worth reading too."},{"startTime":9369.86,"endTime":9372.863,"body":"In part, you know, Cliff Mass has a like,"},{"startTime":9372.863,"endTime":9374.264,"body":"I'm a fed up scientist, I'm just gonna"},{"startTime":9374.264,"endTime":9376.433,"body":"tell you how it is, tone to his bees."},{"startTime":9377.634,"endTime":9378.869,"body":"Let's just see what the tone of the"},{"startTime":9378.869,"endTime":9380.003,"body":"Department of Ecology is."},{"startTime":9381.038,"endTime":9382.106,"body":"Near record low snowpack"},{"startTime":9382.106,"endTime":9383.474,"body":"threatens summer water supplies."},{"startTime":9384.375,"endTime":9384.641,"body":"Yakma."},{"startTime":9385.309,"endTime":9386.91,"body":"After a warm winter left, Washington's"},{"startTime":9386.91,"endTime":9388.379,"body":"mountains largely bear this spring."},{"startTime":9388.846,"endTime":9389.613,"body":"Again, bear of what?"},{"startTime":9389.947,"endTime":9391.515,"body":"Bear of snow only, right?"},{"startTime":9392.116,"endTime":9393.484,"body":"The Washington Department of Ecology"},{"startTime":9393.65,"endTime":9395.119,"body":"issued a statewide emergency drought"},{"startTime":9395.119,"endTime":9396.954,"body":"declaration as projected water supplies"},{"startTime":9396.954,"endTime":9398.422,"body":"are likely to fall far short of the"},{"startTime":9398.422,"endTime":9399.256,"body":"state's summer demand."},{"startTime":9400.023,"endTime":9401.358,"body":"This is the fourth year in a row that"},{"startTime":9401.358,"endTime":9403.36,"body":"part or all of Washington will be under a"},{"startTime":9403.36,"endTime":9403.961,"body":"drought declaration."},{"startTime":9404.595,"endTime":9405.929,"body":"And it is the fourth statewide drought"},{"startTime":9405.929,"endTime":9407.297,"body":"emergency since 2015."},{"startTime":9408.031,"endTime":9409.366,"body":"Seven of the past 10 years have seen"},{"startTime":9409.366,"endTime":9410.901,"body":"drought in parts or all of the state."},{"startTime":9411.468,"endTime":9413.871,"body":"So they went from under a drought"},{"startTime":9413.871,"endTime":9418.008,"body":"declaration, which owns that this is a"},{"startTime":9418.008,"endTime":9420.144,"body":"decision by humans that there is a"},{"startTime":9420.144,"endTime":9421.812,"body":"drought and they haven't yet said it's"},{"startTime":9421.812,"endTime":9423.614,"body":"only about snowpack, but it owns that."},{"startTime":9423.881,"endTime":9424.748,"body":"And by the end,"},{"startTime":9425.749,"endTime":9427.184,"body":"just a very short paragraph, three"},{"startTime":9427.184,"endTime":9429.586,"body":"sentences or gosh, only two, by the end"},{"startTime":9429.586,"endTime":9431.088,"body":"of this very short paragraph, seven of"},{"startTime":9431.088,"endTime":9432.823,"body":"the past 10 years have seen drought in"},{"startTime":9432.823,"endTime":9433.757,"body":"parts or all of the state."},{"startTime":9433.757,"endTime":9435.192,"body":"Now we're at like, it's established."},{"startTime":9435.759,"endTime":9437.227,"body":"First, it's people making bureaucrats,"},{"startTime":9437.227,"endTime":9439.163,"body":"making decisions based on single metrics"},{"startTime":9439.163,"endTime":9440.931,"body":"that are probably not the right ones to"},{"startTime":9440.931,"endTime":9442.633,"body":"be using, or at least they're"},{"startTime":9442.633,"endTime":9444.535,"body":"insufficient to be using to,"},{"startTime":9445.702,"endTime":9446.87,"body":"they said that we're gonna"},{"startTime":9446.87,"endTime":9448.172,"body":"allide that this is true."},{"startTime":9448.605,"endTime":9450.607,"body":"So that's one of the tricks that is used."},{"startTime":9451.208,"endTime":9452.81,"body":"The drought emergency comes despite a wet"},{"startTime":9452.81,"endTime":9455.679,"body":"winter that delivered 104% of normal"},{"startTime":9455.679,"endTime":9457.414,"body":"precipitation from October to February."},{"startTime":9458.148,"endTime":9459.783,"body":"Too much of that precipitation fell as"},{"startTime":9459.783,"endTime":9461.785,"body":"rain instead of snow, leaving the state"},{"startTime":9461.785,"endTime":9463.821,"body":"with about half of its usual snowpack."},{"startTime":9464.354,"endTime":9466.056,"body":"Looking ahead, long-term weather forecast"},{"startTime":9466.223,"endTime":9467.524,"body":"predicts above normal temperatures and"},{"startTime":9467.524,"endTime":9469.126,"body":"below normal precipitation through June."},{"startTime":9469.86,"endTime":9472.396,"body":"No mention, no mention of reservoirs, no"},{"startTime":9472.396,"endTime":9474.264,"body":"mention of rivers, no mention of soil,"},{"startTime":9474.731,"endTime":9475.466,"body":"moisture, no mention"},{"startTime":9475.466,"endTime":9476.633,"body":"of crops, no mention."},{"startTime":9478.168,"endTime":9480.204,"body":"In April, maybe no mention of crops makes"},{"startTime":9480.204,"endTime":9481.505,"body":"sense, but none of the rest of it."},{"startTime":9482.973,"endTime":9484.174,"body":"If you look at our mountains, the"},{"startTime":9484.174,"endTime":9486.276,"body":"challenge we are facing is clear, as"},{"startTime":9486.276,"endTime":9488.478,"body":"Governor Bob Ferguson said, \"We're taking"},{"startTime":9488.478,"endTime":9489.913,"body":"emergency action to protect fish,"},{"startTime":9490.247,"endTime":9490.447,"body":"farmers, and"},{"startTime":9490.447,"endTime":9491.748,"body":"communities across Washington.\""},{"startTime":9493.75,"endTime":9495.419,"body":"Again, you can look at the mountains and"},{"startTime":9495.419,"endTime":9496.72,"body":"see they're not the right color, they're"},{"startTime":9496.72,"endTime":9498.155,"body":"not white, they should be white this time"},{"startTime":9498.155,"endTime":9500.657,"body":"of year, but for fuck's sake, man, like,"},{"startTime":9500.724,"endTime":9502.759,"body":"get a clue, get someone who has ever"},{"startTime":9502.759,"endTime":9504.695,"body":"heard of actually doing the scientific"},{"startTime":9504.695,"endTime":9507.497,"body":"method on things that you actually wanna"},{"startTime":9507.497,"endTime":9510.3,"body":"discover what is true in your team to"},{"startTime":9510.3,"endTime":9511.268,"body":"tell you a little bit"},{"startTime":9511.268,"endTime":9512.302,"body":"about what might be true."},{"startTime":9512.769,"endTime":9513.904,"body":"You can't just look at the"},{"startTime":9513.904,"endTime":9515.138,"body":"mountains and declare a drought."},{"startTime":9515.272,"endTime":9516.006,"body":"That's not how it works."},{"startTime":9516.406,"endTime":9517.207,"body":"That's not how it should work."},{"startTime":9518.408,"endTime":9519.81,"body":"Washington relies on deep mountain snows"},{"startTime":9519.81,"endTime":9521.211,"body":"to accumulate over the winter, then"},{"startTime":9521.211,"endTime":9522.946,"body":"gradually melt during spring and summer."},{"startTime":9522.946,"endTime":9524.648,"body":"That slow snow melt helps fill streams"},{"startTime":9524.648,"endTime":9526.083,"body":"and rivers and replenish reservoirs."},{"startTime":9526.617,"endTime":9528.218,"body":"Without sufficient snowpack, rivers will"},{"startTime":9528.218,"endTime":9529.653,"body":"run low and water temperatures will"},{"startTime":9529.653,"endTime":9531.388,"body":"climb, creating harsh conditions for fish"},{"startTime":9531.388,"endTime":9532.389,"body":"and other aquatic species."},{"startTime":9534.258,"endTime":9536.159,"body":"In Washington, drought is declared when"},{"startTime":9536.159,"endTime":9538.095,"body":"there was less than 75% of normal water"},{"startTime":9538.095,"endTime":9539.863,"body":"supply, and there is the risk of undue"},{"startTime":9539.863,"endTime":9541.131,"body":"hardship or impacts on"},{"startTime":9541.131,"endTime":9542.499,"body":"water users and the environment."},{"startTime":9543.567,"endTime":9546.069,"body":"Low snowpack and the impacts of past"},{"startTime":9546.069,"endTime":9547.404,"body":"droughts means that the entire"},{"startTime":9547.404,"endTime":9548.705,"body":"state has met that threshold."},{"startTime":9551.208,"endTime":9552.209,"body":"Cliffmass established"},{"startTime":9552.209,"endTime":9555.012,"body":"that we don't have 75%"},{"startTime":9556.38,"endTime":9557.281,"body":"of our normal water supply."},{"startTime":9557.481,"endTime":9557.714,"body":"We have,"},{"startTime":9558.815,"endTime":9560.217,"body":"in many cases, over 100%."},{"startTime":9560.584,"endTime":9563.053,"body":"We're at full on many of the reservoirs."},{"startTime":9564.187,"endTime":9565.756,"body":"And with regard to the impacts of past"},{"startTime":9565.756,"endTime":9566.69,"body":"droughts, how were"},{"startTime":9566.69,"endTime":9567.925,"body":"those cherries last year?"},{"startTime":9568.191,"endTime":9569.927,"body":"How about the wheat and the strawberries"},{"startTime":9570.193,"endTime":9572.195,"body":"and the apples and the potatoes and"},{"startTime":9572.195,"endTime":9573.864,"body":"everything else that we were growing in"},{"startTime":9573.864,"endTime":9575.732,"body":"our extraordinarily fertile and"},{"startTime":9575.732,"endTime":9579.303,"body":"apparently abundantly moist lands east of"},{"startTime":9579.303,"endTime":9581.038,"body":"the Cascades mostly?"},{"startTime":9581.538,"endTime":9583.64,"body":"Like, what are they even talking about?"},{"startTime":9583.64,"endTime":9585.342,"body":"They are just making statements that"},{"startTime":9585.342,"endTime":9587.344,"body":"sound correct, that are"},{"startTime":9587.344,"endTime":9589.579,"body":"scary, and that are not true."},{"startTime":9591.381,"endTime":9592.316,"body":"I'm getting the distinct"},{"startTime":9592.316,"endTime":9594.284,"body":"sense across multiple domains."},{"startTime":9596.286,"endTime":9600.791,"body":"I've forgotten Jacob, when he was here, a"},{"startTime":9600.791,"endTime":9602.726,"body":"friend of ours, who you will be seeing"},{"startTime":9602.726,"endTime":9604.895,"body":"shortly, mentioned that there is-- He did"},{"startTime":9604.895,"endTime":9605.762,"body":"an inside rail with him."},{"startTime":9605.796,"endTime":9606.096,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":9608.298,"endTime":9613.57,"body":"He mentioned a principle in which any"},{"startTime":9613.57,"endTime":9617.908,"body":"bureaucracy eventually becomes captured"},{"startTime":9617.908,"endTime":9619.61,"body":"by bureaucrats whose purpose becomes--"},{"startTime":9619.676,"endTime":9620.677,"body":"Any system becomes"},{"startTime":9620.677,"endTime":9621.545,"body":"captured by bureaucrats."},{"startTime":9621.878,"endTime":9622.312,"body":"Yeah, I can't remember--"},{"startTime":9622.346,"endTime":9623.28,"body":"Any bureaucratic system."},{"startTime":9623.513,"endTime":9624.448,"body":"I've forgotten what it is."},{"startTime":9624.448,"endTime":9626.783,"body":"But anyway, I have the sense that what"},{"startTime":9626.783,"endTime":9629.286,"body":"you've really got is a system in which"},{"startTime":9629.286,"endTime":9631.621,"body":"you've got bureaucrats, especially"},{"startTime":9631.621,"endTime":9634.825,"body":"bureaucrats whose purpose is to prevent"},{"startTime":9634.825,"endTime":9638.595,"body":"bad things, who are on constant lookout"},{"startTime":9638.595,"endTime":9642.599,"body":"for, it's like some version"},{"startTime":9642.599,"endTime":9645.669,"body":"of Munchausen syndrome, where--"},{"startTime":9646.57,"endTime":9647.27,"body":"You know what it is?"},{"startTime":9647.504,"endTime":9649.84,"body":"In some ways, prevent bad things."},{"startTime":9649.84,"endTime":9650.807,"body":"You prompted me to think, okay,"},{"startTime":9651.208,"endTime":9651.942,"body":"bureaucrats who think their"},{"startTime":9651.942,"endTime":9653.41,"body":"job is to prevent bad things."},{"startTime":9654.144,"endTime":9656.246,"body":"This may actually be another example of"},{"startTime":9656.246,"endTime":9658.515,"body":"the fundamentally, on average, different"},{"startTime":9658.515,"endTime":9659.683,"body":"mindset between a male"},{"startTime":9659.683,"endTime":9661.284,"body":"bureaucrat and a female bureaucrat."},{"startTime":9661.752,"endTime":9663.353,"body":"The female bureaucrat is gonna tend to be"},{"startTime":9663.353,"endTime":9665.689,"body":"a caregiver who wants to protect and make"},{"startTime":9665.689,"endTime":9666.99,"body":"sure that no harm comes."},{"startTime":9667.524,"endTime":9669.092,"body":"And a male bureaucrat is gonna be looking"},{"startTime":9669.092,"endTime":9670.494,"body":"for the emergencies that might come and"},{"startTime":9670.494,"endTime":9672.763,"body":"looking to the horizon and figuring out"},{"startTime":9672.763,"endTime":9674.931,"body":"how to strengthen things such that when"},{"startTime":9674.931,"endTime":9676.566,"body":"the unexpected does"},{"startTime":9676.566,"endTime":9678.402,"body":"come, we are ready for it."},{"startTime":9679.136,"endTime":9681.705,"body":"So it is a different kind of approach."},{"startTime":9682.472,"endTime":9685.275,"body":"And what that means, both of them have"},{"startTime":9685.275,"endTime":9686.643,"body":"their downsides, for sure."},{"startTime":9687.544,"endTime":9689.913,"body":"But the increasingly female-dominated"},{"startTime":9689.913,"endTime":9692.349,"body":"bureaucracy in Washington state as"},{"startTime":9692.349,"endTime":9696.286,"body":"elsewhere, I would say will tend to want"},{"startTime":9696.286,"endTime":9699.69,"body":"to find things to caretake, even when"},{"startTime":9699.69,"endTime":9701.425,"body":"there aren't things that need caretaking."},{"startTime":9702.325,"endTime":9705.695,"body":"Not only that, but if you imagine that"},{"startTime":9705.695,"endTime":9709.066,"body":"the cause, just as we've seen causes"},{"startTime":9709.066,"endTime":9713.136,"body":"overtaken by this female mentality, if"},{"startTime":9713.136,"endTime":9717.274,"body":"you imagine that you do have an actual"},{"startTime":9717.274,"endTime":9720.343,"body":"equation of drought, what are the various"},{"startTime":9720.343,"endTime":9722.312,"body":"contributors that result in one year"},{"startTime":9722.312,"endTime":9723.046,"body":"being a drought and"},{"startTime":9723.046,"endTime":9724.614,"body":"another year not being a drought?"},{"startTime":9725.015,"endTime":9728.051,"body":"And it's 12 major factors and 100 minor"},{"startTime":9728.051,"endTime":9729.553,"body":"ones or whatever it would be."},{"startTime":9730.587,"endTime":9732.689,"body":"Well, you've got one that's pretty"},{"startTime":9732.689,"endTime":9733.924,"body":"anomalous this year."},{"startTime":9733.99,"endTime":9736.593,"body":"You've got the snowpack and it's--"},{"startTime":9736.727,"endTime":9737.494,"body":"It's low."},{"startTime":9737.494,"endTime":9738.895,"body":"If the other parameters were out of"},{"startTime":9738.895,"endTime":9740.831,"body":"whack, it would be cause for concern."},{"startTime":9740.864,"endTime":9742.632,"body":"But the point is, what about a"},{"startTime":9742.632,"endTime":9746.069,"body":"bureaucracy in which it's like, oh, this"},{"startTime":9746.069,"endTime":9747.07,"body":"year's gonna be all right."},{"startTime":9748.004,"endTime":9749.906,"body":"But there's like everybody on the"},{"startTime":9749.906,"endTime":9750.841,"body":"lookout, oh God, that"},{"startTime":9750.841,"endTime":9752.008,"body":"snowpack doesn't look good."},{"startTime":9752.008,"endTime":9753.91,"body":"And so the point is hyper-focus on"},{"startTime":9753.91,"endTime":9755.579,"body":"snowpack as if it's the"},{"startTime":9755.579,"endTime":9756.847,"body":"only factor in the equation."},{"startTime":9757.547,"endTime":9758.515,"body":"And you can talk yourself"},{"startTime":9758.515,"endTime":9759.783,"body":"into, well, this is our year."},{"startTime":9760.35,"endTime":9761.585,"body":"We're really gonna have our work cut out"},{"startTime":9761.585,"endTime":9763.487,"body":"for us and we gotta scare the public."},{"startTime":9763.82,"endTime":9765.155,"body":"I mean, we've got to inform the public."},{"startTime":9766.756,"endTime":9767.39,"body":"So yeah."},{"startTime":9767.591,"endTime":9767.791,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":9769.793,"endTime":9770.827,"body":"Yeah, I mean, this goes on."},{"startTime":9770.827,"endTime":9771.728,"body":"Let me just read a couple other"},{"startTime":9771.728,"endTime":9773.13,"body":"paragraphs from this Department of"},{"startTime":9773.13,"endTime":9775.732,"body":"Ecology press release from April 8th in"},{"startTime":9775.732,"endTime":9776.867,"body":"which they were declaring the"},{"startTime":9776.867,"endTime":9778.135,"body":"drought in Washington state."},{"startTime":9780.17,"endTime":9783.406,"body":"Kim Bumbaco, Karen, sorry, Karen Bumbaco,"},{"startTime":9783.406,"endTime":9784.908,"body":"deputy state climatologist with the"},{"startTime":9784.908,"endTime":9786.443,"body":"Washington State Climate Office at the"},{"startTime":9786.443,"endTime":9788.879,"body":"University of Washington, said that not"},{"startTime":9788.879,"endTime":9790.547,"body":"only is Washington lacking snowpack, the"},{"startTime":9790.547,"endTime":9792.048,"body":"snow that we do have is expected to melt"},{"startTime":9792.048,"endTime":9793.984,"body":"out rapidly as spring temperatures rise."},{"startTime":9794.551,"endTime":9796.82,"body":"Which I mean, it's also true that in"},{"startTime":9796.82,"endTime":9800.524,"body":"general, we get in Washington state, we"},{"startTime":9800.524,"endTime":9802.726,"body":"get some really beautiful early spring or"},{"startTime":9802.726,"endTime":9804.427,"body":"mid-spring days as we have had."},{"startTime":9804.427,"endTime":9806.563,"body":"And then you get the June gloom comes in"},{"startTime":9806.563,"endTime":9808.431,"body":"and you get a solid several weeks in"},{"startTime":9808.431,"endTime":9810.333,"body":"Western Washington of a lot"},{"startTime":9810.333,"endTime":9812.169,"body":"of cover, a lot of cloud cover."},{"startTime":9812.169,"endTime":9813.804,"body":"And we all kind of wish it didn't happen,"},{"startTime":9813.804,"endTime":9814.905,"body":"but part of what it does"},{"startTime":9814.905,"endTime":9816.072,"body":"is keeps temperatures down."},{"startTime":9816.773,"endTime":9819.442,"body":"So spring temperatures rising sounds like"},{"startTime":9819.442,"endTime":9821.912,"body":"really resonant if you're in Michigan or"},{"startTime":9821.912,"endTime":9824.714,"body":"New York, but it's not actually the thing"},{"startTime":9824.714,"endTime":9826.416,"body":"that happens here as much."},{"startTime":9826.616,"endTime":9827.35,"body":"Like you get day"},{"startTime":9827.35,"endTime":9829.085,"body":"length expanding for sure."},{"startTime":9829.085,"endTime":9831.454,"body":"Like there's light in the sky before 5"},{"startTime":9831.454,"endTime":9832.389,"body":"a.m. at this point and"},{"startTime":9832.389,"endTime":9834.124,"body":"still after 9 p.m. it's amazing."},{"startTime":9834.624,"endTime":9835.992,"body":"But the last couple of days"},{"startTime":9835.992,"endTime":9837.127,"body":"have not been all that long."},{"startTime":9837.327,"endTime":9838.495,"body":"I mean, I have not been all that warm."},{"startTime":9839.129,"endTime":9841.364,"body":"Yeah, I think she's actually just"},{"startTime":9841.364,"endTime":9844.801,"body":"misattributing the cause or short handing"},{"startTime":9844.801,"endTime":9849.105,"body":"it because this is also an equation with"},{"startTime":9849.105,"endTime":9850.307,"body":"a bunch of factors in it."},{"startTime":9851.007,"endTime":9853.009,"body":"And one of them, anybody who's lived"},{"startTime":9853.009,"endTime":9856.713,"body":"around snow that accumulates knows it"},{"startTime":9856.713,"endTime":9858.148,"body":"doesn't decay linearly."},{"startTime":9858.648,"endTime":9861.084,"body":"A big pile of snow can last a very long"},{"startTime":9861.084,"endTime":9862.752,"body":"time at warm temperatures and the smaller"},{"startTime":9862.752,"endTime":9864.354,"body":"it gets, the faster it goes."},{"startTime":9866.223,"endTime":9868.625,"body":"And there's a question as to, probably if"},{"startTime":9868.625,"endTime":9869.993,"body":"we'd thought about it for 20 minutes, we"},{"startTime":9869.993,"endTime":9871.995,"body":"could figure it out, but there's a"},{"startTime":9871.995,"endTime":9873.43,"body":"question as to whether or not that's a"},{"startTime":9873.43,"endTime":9875.599,"body":"result of the surface area"},{"startTime":9875.599,"endTime":9877.334,"body":"to volume and how does that--"},{"startTime":9877.701,"endTime":9878.635,"body":"What problem are we solving?"},{"startTime":9879.569,"endTime":9881.338,"body":"The way the snow melts, right?"},{"startTime":9881.338,"endTime":9883.173,"body":"Where a big pile of snow can last into"},{"startTime":9883.173,"endTime":9885.342,"body":"anomalously warm temperatures because it"},{"startTime":9885.342,"endTime":9887.043,"body":"has a relatively small surface area."},{"startTime":9887.377,"endTime":9890.247,"body":"So, you know, one inch in, it's not warm."},{"startTime":9892.015,"endTime":9894.885,"body":"But the snowpack isn't a"},{"startTime":9894.885,"endTime":9896.987,"body":"ball, it's not a mound, right?"},{"startTime":9896.987,"endTime":9898.154,"body":"It's a blanket."},{"startTime":9898.588,"endTime":9899.889,"body":"And so what does its"},{"startTime":9899.889,"endTime":9903.493,"body":"melting rate look like?"},{"startTime":9905.528,"endTime":9907.497,"body":"Yeah, storms from different directions"},{"startTime":9907.497,"endTime":9909.966,"body":"will drop snow that lasts longer or"},{"startTime":9909.966,"endTime":9912.135,"body":"shorter depending on even just what"},{"startTime":9912.135,"endTime":9913.77,"body":"direction it came in, therefore what"},{"startTime":9913.77,"endTime":9916.106,"body":"aspect slope the snow was delivered to."},{"startTime":9916.306,"endTime":9918.041,"body":"To pick just one example that will surely"},{"startTime":9918.041,"endTime":9919.542,"body":"be a parameter here,"},{"startTime":9919.909,"endTime":9920.844,"body":"right, aspect of slope."},{"startTime":9922.812,"endTime":9923.48,"body":"Okay, just a couple"},{"startTime":9923.48,"endTime":9924.481,"body":"more things from this."},{"startTime":9924.981,"endTime":9927.951,"body":"The snowpack drought is a more severe"},{"startTime":9927.951,"endTime":9929.653,"body":"version of the conditions Washington saw"},{"startTime":9929.653,"endTime":9931.988,"body":"in 2025 when ecology declared a drought"},{"startTime":9931.988,"endTime":9933.89,"body":"in the Yakima River Basin in early April"},{"startTime":9934.324,"endTime":9935.792,"body":"then expanded the drought emergency in"},{"startTime":9935.792,"endTime":9937.627,"body":"June to cover about half the state after"},{"startTime":9937.627,"endTime":9939.095,"body":"unusually warm days led to"},{"startTime":9939.095,"endTime":9940.33,"body":"an early sudden snow melt."},{"startTime":9940.73,"endTime":9942.065,"body":"Again, remember the year they're talking"},{"startTime":9942.065,"endTime":9944.167,"body":"about is the year in which all of the"},{"startTime":9944.167,"endTime":9946.936,"body":"amazing crops in Washington did really,"},{"startTime":9946.936,"endTime":9947.971,"body":"really, really well."},{"startTime":9948.772,"endTime":9950.907,"body":"So what's that disconnect?"},{"startTime":9952.242,"endTime":9953.643,"body":"As climate change boosts winter"},{"startTime":9953.643,"endTime":9955.478,"body":"temperatures, an assertion"},{"startTime":9955.478,"endTime":9958.248,"body":"without a citation, right?"},{"startTime":9958.548,"endTime":9959.849,"body":"As climate change boosts winter"},{"startTime":9959.849,"endTime":9961.184,"body":"temperatures, snowpack droughts are"},{"startTime":9961.184,"endTime":9961.951,"body":"becoming a common"},{"startTime":9961.951,"endTime":9963.286,"body":"feature of Washington winters."},{"startTime":9964.12,"endTime":9966.089,"body":"For example, in the 1990s on average,"},{"startTime":9966.222,"endTime":9966.756,"body":"these were occurring"},{"startTime":9966.756,"endTime":9968.091,"body":"about one in every five years."},{"startTime":9968.425,"endTime":9968.892,"body":"Today they are"},{"startTime":9968.892,"endTime":9970.527,"body":"happening about 40% of the time."},{"startTime":9970.727,"endTime":9971.728,"body":"This change is accelerating."},{"startTime":9972.228,"endTime":9974.23,"body":"By the 2050s, research projects that"},{"startTime":9974.23,"endTime":9975.966,"body":"seven out of every 10 years will see snow"},{"startTime":9975.966,"endTime":9976.866,"body":"droughts on average."},{"startTime":9977.133,"endTime":9978.468,"body":"So, A, they changed the"},{"startTime":9978.468,"endTime":9979.369,"body":"thing there at the end."},{"startTime":9979.369,"endTime":9980.27,"body":"They said snow droughts"},{"startTime":9980.27,"endTime":9981.471,"body":"as opposed to droughts."},{"startTime":9982.205,"endTime":9984.474,"body":"And they are using again their"},{"startTime":9984.474,"endTime":9986.609,"body":"attribution of drought when even they,"},{"startTime":9986.609,"endTime":9988.978,"body":"like they have failed to meet the"},{"startTime":9988.978,"endTime":9989.713,"body":"conditions of the"},{"startTime":9989.713,"endTime":9990.647,"body":"definition of a drought."},{"startTime":9991.381,"endTime":9993.616,"body":"Even so, they had declared a drought and"},{"startTime":9993.616,"endTime":9995.352,"body":"then they are using their declaration of"},{"startTime":9995.352,"endTime":9997.12,"body":"drought over and over and over again as"},{"startTime":9997.12,"endTime":9998.488,"body":"evidence of an emergency."},{"startTime":9999.522,"endTime":10000.357,"body":"That's how it's done."},{"startTime":10000.59,"endTime":10002.525,"body":"That's how the bureaucracy becomes a"},{"startTime":10002.525,"endTime":10003.793,"body":"self-looking ice cream cone."},{"startTime":10006.129,"endTime":10009.366,"body":"So, yeah, I mean, there's more, but that"},{"startTime":10009.366,"endTime":10012.502,"body":"just, I wanted to show also how the"},{"startTime":10012.502,"endTime":10014.471,"body":"bureaucrats are using language to"},{"startTime":10014.471,"endTime":10017.307,"body":"convince the public that what they can"},{"startTime":10017.307,"endTime":10019.009,"body":"see with their eyes, in this case, they"},{"startTime":10019.009,"endTime":10020.677,"body":"get to use, the bureaucrats get to use"},{"startTime":10020.677,"endTime":10021.945,"body":"what you can see with your own eyes."},{"startTime":10021.945,"endTime":10023.446,"body":"Look at the mountains, they're not white."},{"startTime":10023.913,"endTime":10024.647,"body":"We have a problem."},{"startTime":10025.382,"endTime":10028.485,"body":"They get to use that to then declare an"},{"startTime":10028.485,"endTime":10030.854,"body":"emergency that actually given all of the"},{"startTime":10030.854,"endTime":10032.522,"body":"other things, which are harder to see"},{"startTime":10032.522,"endTime":10034.29,"body":"with your own eyes, but you did live"},{"startTime":10034.29,"endTime":10035.592,"body":"through October, November, December,"},{"startTime":10035.592,"endTime":10036.593,"body":"January, did you not?"},{"startTime":10036.926,"endTime":10038.695,"body":"If you were in the state, you lived"},{"startTime":10038.695,"endTime":10040.03,"body":"through that, you remember it."},{"startTime":10041.097,"endTime":10041.765,"body":"This is no drought."},{"startTime":10042.866,"endTime":10044.2,"body":"This is something."},{"startTime":10044.634,"endTime":10046.636,"body":"There was a lot of weather"},{"startTime":10046.636,"endTime":10048.471,"body":"anomaly going on right now."},{"startTime":10048.471,"endTime":10050.407,"body":"Here, Colorado, Florida,"},{"startTime":10050.673,"endTime":10051.875,"body":"like all over the place."},{"startTime":10052.509,"endTime":10056.112,"body":"But weather anomaly is not the same as"},{"startTime":10056.112,"endTime":10058.314,"body":"directional climate change."},{"startTime":10059.082,"endTime":10061.084,"body":"Could be, but it's not the same thing as,"},{"startTime":10061.317,"endTime":10062.252,"body":"and is definitely not"},{"startTime":10062.252,"endTime":10063.086,"body":"the same thing as drought."},{"startTime":10065.121,"endTime":10065.355,"body":"Agreed."},{"startTime":10065.655,"endTime":10066.423,"body":"Well, it'd be interesting to"},{"startTime":10066.423,"endTime":10067.524,"body":"see how the summer progresses."},{"startTime":10068.124,"endTime":10068.792,"body":"Yeah, indeed."},{"startTime":10069.692,"endTime":10070.46,"body":"And obviously,"},{"startTime":10071.895,"endTime":10075.932,"body":"me saying with close to certainty now,"},{"startTime":10075.932,"endTime":10077.567,"body":"we're not in a drought right now, doesn't"},{"startTime":10077.567,"endTime":10079.068,"body":"mean that the conditions can't change,"},{"startTime":10079.536,"endTime":10081.838,"body":"but it really looks like we're in very"},{"startTime":10081.838,"endTime":10083.673,"body":"good shape with regard to"},{"startTime":10083.673,"endTime":10084.774,"body":"our water in this state."},{"startTime":10085.575,"endTime":10087.844,"body":"Whereas, for instance, where our boys"},{"startTime":10087.844,"endTime":10090.814,"body":"were, they're here for the summer, but in"},{"startTime":10090.814,"endTime":10093.249,"body":"Colorado, Colorado gets almost all of its"},{"startTime":10093.249,"endTime":10094.184,"body":"precipitation of snow"},{"startTime":10094.184,"endTime":10095.518,"body":"and they got almost done."},{"startTime":10096.252,"endTime":10098.221,"body":"And they're in trouble."},{"startTime":10099.022,"endTime":10101.057,"body":"There's gonna be trouble there."},{"startTime":10101.724,"endTime":10103.526,"body":"I would not make the same argument there,"},{"startTime":10103.526,"endTime":10104.928,"body":"having not looked into it, but just a"},{"startTime":10104.928,"endTime":10106.362,"body":"little bit that I know, like, okay, no,"},{"startTime":10106.663,"endTime":10108.565,"body":"actually, they didn't get a whole lot of"},{"startTime":10108.565,"endTime":10109.532,"body":"rainfall and they just"},{"startTime":10109.532,"endTime":10110.333,"body":"don't have enough snow."},{"startTime":10110.567,"endTime":10111.167,"body":"They didn't get anything."},{"startTime":10111.401,"endTime":10111.601,"body":"Yep."},{"startTime":10113.303,"endTime":10115.338,"body":"I think we're in perfect timing as I"},{"startTime":10115.338,"endTime":10117.407,"body":"inhale some piece of dust that's, no,"},{"startTime":10117.407,"endTime":10118.174,"body":"because of the drought I expect."},{"startTime":10118.274,"endTime":10118.908,"body":"Yes, no doubt."},{"startTime":10119.375,"endTime":10121.411,"body":"Yeah, you should say something."},{"startTime":10121.411,"endTime":10124.614,"body":"You should declare a dust emergency, then"},{"startTime":10124.614,"endTime":10126.115,"body":"perhaps you would find yourself"},{"startTime":10127.15,"endTime":10128.118,"body":"given some kind of"},{"startTime":10128.118,"endTime":10130.153,"body":"special powers you could."},{"startTime":10130.854,"endTime":10132.155,"body":"Yeah, I don't think they're gonna give me"},{"startTime":10132.155,"endTime":10133.089,"body":"special powers, Bret."},{"startTime":10133.523,"endTime":10134.29,"body":"Well, I hope they do."},{"startTime":10135.225,"endTime":10136.493,"body":"You know, you're one of the few people"},{"startTime":10136.493,"endTime":10137.026,"body":"who could be trusted"},{"startTime":10137.026,"endTime":10138.061,"body":"with them, for one thing."},{"startTime":10138.128,"endTime":10139.696,"body":"I think I would be trusted with them, but"},{"startTime":10139.696,"endTime":10140.463,"body":"that's part of the"},{"startTime":10140.463,"endTime":10141.498,"body":"reason I'll never get them."},{"startTime":10143.733,"endTime":10143.9,"body":"Right."},{"startTime":10144.167,"endTime":10147.57,"body":"Yeah, okay, I'm gonna get off air quickly"},{"startTime":10147.737,"endTime":10149.372,"body":"because I inhaled something that should"},{"startTime":10149.372,"endTime":10150.073,"body":"not be in my throat."},{"startTime":10151.407,"endTime":10153.843,"body":"Okay, we are gonna do a Q\u0026A."},{"startTime":10153.91,"endTime":10154.244,"body":"Yes."},{"startTime":10154.244,"endTime":10154.744,"body":"We're gonna come back in"},{"startTime":10154.744,"endTime":10156.813,"body":"10, 15 minutes on Locals."},{"startTime":10157.013,"endTime":10159.649,"body":"Join us there, and then we won't be here"},{"startTime":10159.649,"endTime":10161.351,"body":"next Wednesday, but we'll be back the"},{"startTime":10161.351,"endTime":10162.252,"body":"Wednesday after that."},{"startTime":10163.887,"endTime":10165.722,"body":"Check out, like I said, just said Locals,"},{"startTime":10166.256,"endTime":10168.258,"body":"and until you see us next time, be good"},{"startTime":10168.258,"endTime":10169.459,"body":"to the ones you love, eat"},{"startTime":10169.459,"endTime":10171.227,"body":"good food, and get outside."},{"startTime":10171.628,"endTime":10172.128,"body":"Be well, everyone."},{"startTime":10174.964,"endTime":10186.709,"body":"(Laughing) (Upbeat Music)"}]}