Wild Bill's Rise: A Legendary Gunfight, Springfield Tensions, and Media Sensation

What if a single magazine article could immortalize a man into legend? This episode explores how Colonel George Ward Nichols' sensational account in Harper's New Monthly Magazine transformed James Butler Hickok into the iconic "Wild Bill." Through Nichols' eyes, we unveil post-Civil War Springfield, Missouri, and the momentous meeting in a dimly lit saloon that forever altered Hickok's legacy. Step back in time with us to experience the unique ambiance of a town recovering from war and the birth of a larger-than-life persona that captivated the nation.

Journey through the escalating tensions between Wild Bill and Davis Tutt, leading up to their legendary gunfight in Springfield's town square. We explore the clashing principles of Hickok's commitment to fairness and Tutt’s quick-tempered nature, detailing their dramatic showdown where honor and reputation were at stake. Relive the historic duel on July 22, 1865, with vivid recounts of the events that culminated in Tutt’s death and Wild Bill's rise to legendary status. Feel the intensity and fateful actions that carved an indelible mark on American folklore, solidifying Hickok's place in history.

Transcript

Speaker 1 0:06

The scenario of the time is quite common. A writer creates a detailed story of an exciting person, exaggerating it to an extreme level. The public adores it, often fueling demand for such sensationalized content. However, the family of the person portrayed in the media gets upset and presents accurate versions of the story. Unfortunately, by that time, it is too late. The published story gains a life of its own and the person depicted has to deal with the repercussions. This situation could be based on any number of popular culture magazines reflecting the public's influence on media content During the Civil War. James Butler Hickok gained a reputation as a gunman and scout, but it wasn't until 1867 when Harper's new monthly magazine brought Hickok to national attention. Wild West Podcast presents the Making of Wild Bill, based on a story by Colonel George Ward Nichols.

Speaker 1 1:21

After the Civil War, missouri was embroiled in a different kind of conflict, one that was fueled by deep-seated bitterness Guerrilla warfare, a bitter reality, saw Missourians turning against each other. These skirmishes and ambushes, often with no clear winner, resulted in a significant loss of life. Unlike battles fought by organized armies, this warfare had no rules or military objectives, making it all the more brutal and emotionally draining. It was a time marked by terror, surprise attacks, sabotage and arson. The conflict was fueled by a bitterness that ran deep, carried out by Southern sympathizers who were profoundly resentful of Union military law or occupation. A few months after the Civil War ended, colonel George Ward Nichols traveled to Springfield, a city in southwest Missouri. Although not very large, springfield was the biggest city in that area and served as a central point for military operations during the war. Its streets were lined with wooden sidewalks and shops on both sides flanked the main business section. The public square, a bustling hub of activity, was a testament to the city's resilience in the post-Civil War era.

Speaker 1 2:47

On September 13, 1865, James Butler Hickok, a man of legendary stature, crossed paths with Colonel George Ward Nichols. The meeting, held in a dimly lit room of a bustling saloon, was not just a casual encounter. Dimly lit room of a bustling saloon was not just a casual encounter. It was a turning point in Hickok's life, a moment in time that would shape his legacy. As a result of this fateful encounter, the moniker Wild Bill was blazed across the nation's press, marking the beginning of a new chapter in his life. As a keen observer, nichols vividly portrayed Wild Bill, bringing to life the numerous stories about the scout's skills that he had heard. The article Wild Bill, written by Nichols, was published in Harper's New Monthly Magazine in February 1867. This piece immortalized Wild Bill not just as a historical figure but as a larger-than-life character, sparking a heated debate. Kansas newspapers criticized Nichols for what they saw as exaggerated gunfighter exploits. The following is a retelling of Wild Bill's exploits as they appeared in the original article and their impact on the people of Springfield Missouri.

Speaker 1 4:13

In 1865, in Springfield Missouri, on a warm late summer day, colonel George Ward Nichols, a Union officer and keen observer of the post-Civil War era, sat in the shadow of a broad awning. He was there to document the unique semi-civilized people bustling about from all corners of the region. The place was a vibrant hub for barter and trade, a testament to the remarkable resilience of the post-Civil War era. The men and women were adorned in peculiar attire. Some donned coats and trousers crafted from thickly dirtied and greased animal skins their origins a mystery. Others sported well-worn, homespun clothing. Many of them were on horseback or muleback, engaging in activities that were a testament to the distinctiveness of the post-Civil War era.

Speaker 1 5:11

In front of the shops which lined both sides of the main business street and around the public square, groups of men lounged against posts, lying on the wooden sidewalks or leisurely sitting in chairs. These men, whether temporary or permanent city residents, seemed to be in a perpetual state of idle hours. The most noticeable characteristic of the inhabitants was their reluctance to move and their highest ambition was to let their hair and beards grow. This passivity was a testament to the city's recovery from the war and its inhabitants' desire for peace and stability. The war and its inhabitants' desire for peace and stability.

Speaker 1 5:48

Amidst the calm, the sight of soldiers and army blue, unmistakable Union veterans, brought a stark contrast. Their confident demeanor stood out against the general passivity of the town. The only sign of activity was the ubiquitous revolver carried by everyone except perhaps the women. Was the ubiquitous revolver carried by everyone except perhaps the women? People moving into this laid-back city did so unhurriedly and with no apparent method. No one seemed to be in a rush. A massive pig, its pink skin glistening with mud, lay in a cozy wallow, emitting a series of satisfied grunts that filled the air. A wolf-dog, its eyes alert even in sleep, was sprawled at Colonel Nichols' feet, its warm breath mingling with the scent of tobacco from the Colonel's pipe. The Colonel himself, a picture of tranquility, sat in deep contemplation, his pipe, emitting a steady stream of smoke that curled and danced in the sunlight. It was as if he had slipped into a reverie, only to be roused by the distant call for passengers for a futuristic flight to New York.

Speaker 1 6:57

Suddenly, the peaceful scene was shattered by the sound of a horse racing across the square and down the street. A rider with the pose and grace of a plains horseman came to a halt in front of them. He dismounted and approached the group gathered around near the colonel. His every step filled with sense of purpose, the galloping steeds rise and fall, echoed with the anticipation of what was to come. There was only a moment to observe this, for they halted suddenly.

Speaker 1 7:28

While the rider, springing to the ground, approached the party, captain Honesty, a friend of the rider who knew him well, stood nearby and was the first to greet the dismounted rider. How are you, bill? A voice rained out nearby with salutations and a slap on the back. Honesty, the greeting man, walked the rider in the direction of the colonel, who rose from his lounging chair. From the corner of the colonel's eye he could see the approaching scout. The famous Scout of the Plains, william Hickok, called Wild Bill. As Wild Bill came into closer view the colonel fixed on Bill's clear gray eyes. This here's Wild Bill, colonel, said. Captain Honesty, an army officer who addressed the colonel. Honesty continues as he looks at Bill with a smile. This here's Colonel Nichols, who wants to know you.

Speaker 1 8:23

As Wild Bill made his first appearance, the colonel's mind was immediately filled with questions, as if Bill were taking his major. The result seemed favorable for Bill held forth a small, muscular hand in a frank, open manner. As the colonel's gaze fell upon him, he couldn't help but admire the impressive physique of Wild Bill. His proportions were exquisite, reminiscent of ancient statues, as he stood at an impressive six feet and an inch. His bright yellow moccasins and deerskin shirt, casually draped over his shoulders, revealed a chest developed over two decades of breathing the free air of the Rocky Mountains. His tiny round waist was adorned with a belt holding two of Colt's Navy revolvers. As he walked, his legs sloped gradually from his compact thighs to his tiny inward turning feet. The figure had a noticeable grace and dignity that would grab your attention no matter where you were. Bill wore a giant sombrero under a calm and manly face.

Speaker 1 9:33

Despite his gentle expression, bill did not misinterpret Captain Honesty's claimed history. Bill's face is not to be underestimated. Face is not to be underestimated. It had thin, sensitive lips, a not-too-square jaw, slightly prominent cheekbones and thick, dark hair that fell below the shoulders. This unique presence of Wild Bill was enough to flare up anyone's curiosity. Looking into his eyes, the colonel saw a gentleness in Bill for the first time. He felt like he was in friendly company. In truth, he saw a woman's nature in Bill throughout and could not believe that he was looking into eyes that could have led to the deaths of hundreds of men.

Speaker 1 10:17

The colonel's conflicting emotions toward Bill, a man who exuded both gentleness and a killer's instinct, stirred a moral dilemma within him. Yes, wild Bill has personally killed hundreds of men. The colonel did not doubt that he shoots to kill, as they say on the border. The colonel examined the scout's face in vain, looking for any evidence of a murderous nature. The scout's face was peaceful. Any evidence of a murderous nature. The scout's face was peaceful, a stark contrast to the knowledge of his deadly accuracy. The only peculiar feature was the sharp angle of his eye, a hint at his lethal skills. Bill told the colonel in his own words I always shot well, but I became perfect in the mountains by shooting at a dime for a mark at bets of half a dollar a shot. And then, until the war, I never drank liquor nor smoked. Bill continued with a melancholy expression. His words echoed the profound impact of war on his character and morality, evoking empathy in the colonel and the readers alike. Captain Honesty was correct.

Speaker 1 11:29

The colonel was curious to meet Wild Bill the Scout. A few days before the colonel arrived in Springfield, bill had been involved in a duel at noon in the public square. The tension was thick as the two men faced off their eyes locked in a deadly stare. From fifty paces, bill skillfully shot and killed a returned Confederate soldier using one of Colt's pistol balls. His aim so precise that it seemed almost supernatural, heightening the suspense of the moment. The colonel's curiosity was piqued as he recalled the stories he heard about Wild Bill and his adventures from officers and soldiers who had served in the Southwest. The tales were so frequent and extraordinary that they seemed unbelievable. Wild Bill became larger than life in the Colonel's mind, much like legendary characters from his childhood such as Jack the Giant Killer or Sinbad the Sailor. Like in the colonel's childhood, he had complete faith in the existence of this individual but couldn't help but wonder with a burning curiosity how one man could accomplish such amazing feats of strength and daring.

Speaker 1 12:41

In the late summer of 1865, the streets of Springfield, where the duel took place, were not considered a model of modern civilization. Peace and relative calm had replaced the dangers and chaos of the war in the southern states. At that time, the people of Georgia and the Carolinas were eager to restore order after the conclusion of the Civil War In southwest Missouri. There were old disputes that needed to be resolved. Before arriving at Springfield, the colonel had read several reports from General Smith's three-day inspection tour between Rolla and Springfield, a distance of 120 miles. General Smith, who was in charge of the department, reported that five men were either killed or wounded in the public road. After becoming dissatisfied with his East Tennessee responsibilities, smith assumed his duties. He orchestrated a transfer to the Trans-Mississippi Department where he governed in near-total isolation. After the fall of Vicksburg, smith's command was the last major Confederate force to surrender, laying down its arms in late May 1865.

Speaker 1 13:56

The two incidents Smith reported occurred near Rolla, but the individuals responsible for these acts were not identified. But the individuals responsible for these acts were not identified. Another person was instantly killed and two were wounded at a meeting of the group of regulators. These regulators, who were in the service of the state but paid by the United States government, were a relatively informal group. Their war cry was General Smith's report informed the colonel that during the six months prior, not less than 4,000 returned Confederates had been summarily disposed of by shooting or hanging. This statement may seem unbelievable, but the documentation supports it and the colonel did not doubt its truth.

Speaker 1 14:46

History shows few parallels to this relentless destruction of human life in times of peace. This can only be explained by the fact that lawless people inhabited this region before the war. These were individuals who, at the onset of the rebellion, even the slightest suspicion of loyalty to the Union cost the patriot his life. As soon as the Federal armies occupied the area, those refugees returned. After securely settling back into their old homes, they decided their former persecutors should not be allowed to live among them. Seeking revenge for the past and ensuring their future security. Many individuals became tense and many deadly bullets were fired.

Speaker 1 15:32

Wild Bill, a man of solid principles and a reputation for fairness, was not a member of the Regulators. In fact, he was part of the Law and Order Party. He told the Colonel when the war ended I put aside my hostility and I won't fight now unless I'm provoked. On the other hand, dave Tutte, a professional gambler and former scout for the Confederate side, was known for his quick temper and persistent attempts to provoke Bill into a fight.

Speaker 1 16:05

Bill, born to northern parents in the state of Illinois, had a unique upbringing. As a young boy, he ran away from home and spent 15 years living with trappers, hunting and fishing in the plains and mountains of unclaimed territory. When the Civil War began, he returned to the States and joined the Union service as a scout. This role required exceptional skills in scouting, a field in which Bill excelled. His tremendous strength, superb horsemanship, perfect marksmanship, keen sight and extraordinary endurance were all honed during his time in the wilderness, making him a figure of awe and inspiration. His unparalleled knowledge of woodcraft, a skill he developed during his years with the trappers, was a valuable asset in his role as a scout. Even under the most critical circumstances, bill remained calm and brave, a testament to his exceptional abilities. Later we will delve into some of Bill's adventures during the war, such as his encounters with Confederate scouts and his role in crucial battles.

Speaker 1 17:14

Captain Honesty recounted the main features of the duel story to the Colonel, who was impartial about whether such a thing was possible in a town of 3,000 people after a fight, 3,000 people after a fight. The colonel, after meeting Bill and knowing Captain Honesty's eagerness to tell the story, began after the colonel's inquiry with a straightforward question what about this duel? Captain Honesty, with a tone of respect, began by looking down to kick a rock from the walkway. They say Bill's wild. Now he ain't any such thing. I've known him for about ten years and he's as civil and deposed as you'll find. But he won't be put upon. The captain looked about suspiciously and whispered. I'll tell you how it happened. But come into the office. There's a good many around here besides with Tut, the one who was shot. But I'll tell you it was a fair fight.

Speaker 1 18:16

Both the captain and the colonel entered from the bustling streets and into the quiet confines of Honesty's office. Take some whiskey? No, replied the colonel in a firm but polite manner. But I do want to know more about the conflict between Bill and Tut. Well, before I get started, I'll have to pour me a bit of whiskey. That calms my nerves a bit, will you excuse me?

Speaker 1 18:41

The captain paused, poured his glass to the brim and downed a large swig before continuing his story, poured his glass to the brim and downed a large swig before continuing his story. Listen, the captain said emphatically, setting his empty glass on the table, while Bill was in his room playing card games such as seven-up or forehand, he refused to play with Tut, who was a professional gambler. Bill was a scout on our side during the war and Tut was a scout for the other side. Bill had killed Dave, tut's friend, so there was a lot of animosity between them. Dave had always tried to start a fight with Bill since he came back from the war, so Bill refuses to play cards with him. However, when Bill was playing with someone else, dave gave that person money and Bill ended up winning around $200, which made Tut very angry.

Speaker 1 19:34

At this point in the captain's story, the colonel clasped his hands together, as if preying upon the altar of curiosity. The captain, a master storyteller, continued as if he knew he had the colonel's full attention. A master storyteller continued as if he knew he had the Colonel's full attention. His voice carried a hint of suspense, drawing the Colonel deeper into the narrative. Well, it went something like this he began Tut demanded that Bill pay him the $40 he owed him from horse trade.

Speaker 1 20:02

When Bill paid him. Tut claimed an additional $35 was lost to him during their recent card game. Despite Dave's provocation, bill politely reasoned with him, stating that he believed the amount was only $25 and that he had a note of it downstairs. Bill promised to give Dave the extra money if it turned out to be $35. The captain paused.

Speaker 1 20:30

The tension of uncertainty between them filled the room. He poured liquor into an empty glass, smiled at the colonel and raised his glass with anticipation, as if he knew the story was about to reach its climax. The captain took a large drink, coughed and said Now where was I? Oh, yes, bill's watch. Now Bill's watch was laying on the table. Dave took up the watch, put it in his pocket and said I'll keep this, your watch, till you pay me that $35. This made Bill shooting mad, for don't you see, colonel, it was a doubt in his honor. Like so he got up, looked Dave in the eyes and said to him I don't want to make a ruckus in this house. It's a decent house and I don't want to injure the keeper. You'd better put that watch back on the table.

Speaker 1 21:22

The Colonel leaned forward in his chair as he took a great interest in the Captain's following words. The captain looked directly into the eyes of the colonel who was now on the edge of his seat, smiled and continued with a suspenseful tone. But Dave grinned at Bill. Mighty ugly walked off with the watch and kept it for several days. Dave's friend spurred Bill into the fight.

Speaker 1 21:48

The talk had no end. They blackguarded him underhandedly, tried to set up a scrimmage and thought they could lay him out. You see, bill has enemies all about. He settled the accounts of a heap of men who lived around here. The captain looked back over to see if the colonel was still in his tense mood and saw that he was, before he began his following statement.

Speaker 1 22:12

Well, as I was saying, the locals don't like to see a man walking around town who they knew in the Confederate Army as one of their men, which they now know was on our side. He was always sending us information, sometimes from Pat Price's quarters, but they couldn't provoke Bill in a fight because he's afraid of himself when he gets furious and always leaves his firearms in the room when he goes out. One day these guys draw their pistols on him and challenge him to a fight and tell him that Tut is in the group that watches across the square the next day at noon. What did Bill do next? What did you do to warn Bill, asked the colonel, raising an eyebrow with a curious motion across his face, as if anticipating the stress in a moment of the story. As if anticipating the stress in a moment of the story. I heard of this, for everybody was talking about it on the street. So I went after Bill and found him in his room cleaning, greasing and loading his revolvers. Well, as I said, bill and I were conversing in his room and I told him you're going to get into a fight, don't you bother yourself, captain, says Bill to me. This is not the first time I have been in a fight and these damn hounds have put on me long enough. You don't want me to give up my honor, do you? No, bill, says I, you must keep your honor.

Speaker 1 23:46

The next day about noon, Bill went down on the square. He'd said that Dave Touch had only packed that watch across the square if dead men could walk the square. A public space in the heart of the town was chosen as the battleground for its visibility and neutrality. The room fell silent after a long pause and a hollow sound echoed as the colonel grasped the captain's last words with anticipation and excitement. Go on, cried the colonel. Go on, I know, I know, said the captain. This is the part you've been waiting for. The captain grinned and looked around the room to see if anyone was around. "'the captain grinned and looked around the room to see if anyone was around. "'when Bill entered the square, he found a crowd standing in the corner of the street "'by which he entered the square, which is from the south, you know. "'in this crowd he saw many of Tut's friends. "'some were his cousins who were returning from the Reb Army. "'they jeered at him and boasted that Dave had packed that watch across the square, as promised. Then Bill saw Tut standing near the courthouse, which you remember, is on the west side, so the crowd was behind Bill.

Speaker 1 24:56

At that moment, tut, standing alone, emerged from the courthouse and stepped into the square. Bill, sensing the weight of the moment, moved away from the crowd, his every step echoing with anticipation. The distance between them was about fifty yards, fifteen paces, a mere breath away from the climax of their conflict. The captain paused as he tried to find his words. The captain paused as he tried to find his words. About fifty yards apart. About fifteen paces brought them opposite each other. Tut then showed his pistol. Bill had kept a sharp eye on him and before Tut could aim, bill had his out. You could have heard a pin drop in that square at the moment.

Speaker 1 25:44

Both Tut and Bill fired, but one shot followed the other so quickly that it was hard to say which one went off first. Tut was a famous shot but missed this time. The bullet from his pistol went over Bill's head. The instant Bill fired, without waiting to see if he had hit Tut, he turned and pointed his pistol at Tut's friends who had already drawn their weapons. Aren't you satisfied, gentlemen? Cried Bill as cool as an alligator, put up your guns or there'll be more dead men here. And they put him up and said it was a fair fight.

Speaker 1 26:20

What happened to Tut, asked the colonel. The captain paused in his story and calmly refilled his empty glass. "'oh Dave, he was as bright as they come, but bless you, it was a futile display of courage', the captain responded, his voice tinged with respect for Tut's bravery. "'bill never shoots twice at the same man. His ball goes through Dave's heart. He stood stock still for a second or two, then raised his arm as if to fire again. Then he swayed a little staggered three or four steps and then fell dead. Did the law get involved? Was Bill arrested, ask, asked the colonel. After desiring a formal resolution, bill and his companions proceeded to the justice. Bill willingly surrendered himself, a jury was assembled and the trial took place the following day. The evidence presented proved that Bill had acted in self-defense. The captain looked in the direction of the colonel, who carried a look of puzzlement. The historical account of the gunfight between Hickok and Tut, a story that has been retold in countless ways, carries with it a singular truth Tut's life was claimed that day and Hickok's name was etched into the annals of history as a legend, a force to be reckoned with. As we revisit this tale, our aim is to present it in a manner that captures the enduring legacy of Hickok, a figure who continues to inspire awe and admiration.

Speaker 1 28:14

On July 22, 1865, two men arrived in the dusty town square of Springfield, missouri. It was the site of the nation's first one-on-one quick-draw duel, which took place between Hickok and Davis K Tutte. Hickok had just finished his Union scout and spy duties and was playing poker on July 20, 1865, at the Lion House Hotel on South Street. Both Tutte and Hickok were regulars at the local gambling establishments and some people claim that they had disagreements before the gambling started. According to some accounts, the two men quarreled over women or their loyalties during the Civil War, as Tutte had previously fought for the Confederacy.

Speaker 1 29:01

On the night of July 20th, hickok was on a winning streak. Angered by their past confrontations and wanting to argue, tut claimed that Hickok owed him money from a previous gambling venture. The argument escalated until Tut made a fatal mistake and took Hickok's prized gold pocket watch as collateral for the so-called debt. Gold pocket watch as collateral for the so-called debt. This watch was not just a valuable possession for Hickok but a symbol of his reputation and honor. Hickok asked for the watch back, only for Tut to reply that he planned to wear the watch publicly in the town square the next day. Hickok advised Tut against doing so unless dead men can walk. Hickok advised Tut against doing so unless dead men can walk. The following day, tut, fully aware of the watch's significance, appeared on the square and prominently wore it. The two men then engaged in a tense negotiation over the debt and the watches returned. At 6 pm, hickok entered the square from South Street and soon after Tut strolled in from Baker Alley in the northwest corner, proudly displaying his watch again.

Speaker 1 30:11

Wild Bill's final warning was delivered with such dramatic tension that it echoed throughout the square. Don't you come around here with that watch. Each man advanced toward the other, the tension so thick it was almost tangible, like gladiators in a Roman arena, this drama of the moment hanging in the balance. Two men stood facing each other one a slender individual with short, dark hair, a southern sympathizer. The other a slim, taller man with long, reddish hair that blew slightly in the breeze, a proud Yankee. Their differences symbolized the deep-rooted division of the Civil War.

Speaker 1 30:51

Town citizens had gathered to watch the expected gunfight and the tension was so thick it could be cut with a knife. The anticipation and fear of the townspeople palpable. As the two men approached each other, they stopped about 75 yards apart, pulled out their pistols and fired almost simultaneously. The first shot rang out, shocking the onlookers and intensifying the moment. Tut called out Boys, I'm killed, before falling dead on the courthouse steps. When the smoke cleared, one man lay on the ground, immortally wounded, while the other stood erect and unharmed.

Speaker 1 31:30

Two days later, hickok was arrested and tried for manslaughter. As the law of the time did not condone such duels. His trial began on August 3rd, during which Hickok claimed self-defense. Three days later he was acquitted of all charges. Dave Tutte's body was initially buried in the Springfield City Cemetery but was later moved to the Maple Park Cemetery, where it remains today. The site is marked with a gravestone showing a carved pocket watch, playing cards and pistols.

Speaker 1 32:02

The local press did not welcome the fact that the jury acquitted Wild Bill, sparking further controversy and debate. The trial of William Hickok for the killing of Davis Tutte in the streets of this city the week before last was concluded on Saturday by a verdict of not guilty rendered by the jury in about ten minutes after they retired to the jury room. The general dissatisfaction felt by the citizens of this place with the verdict is in no way attached to our able and efficient circuit attorney, nor to the court. It is universally conceded that the prosecution was conducted in an able, efficient and vigorous manner and that Colonel Fionn is entitled to much credit for the ability, earnestness and candor exhibited by him during the whole trial. He appeared to be a full match for the very able counsel who conducted the defense. Neither can any fault be found with the judge, who conducted himself impartially throughout the trial and whose rulings we believe, gave general satisfaction. That's all for now.

Speaker 1 33:15

We're excited to announce that Wild West Podcast will produce exclusive content, offering our listeners a unique opportunity to delve deeper into our shows. This premium content, available by monthly subscription for just $3, will provide you with an in-depth analysis and expert opinions on the history we cover. This $3 will go a long way in supporting our show as we continue to strive to tell the true stories of the American West. And don't forget the upcoming Western Cattle Trail Association 150th Anniversary Conference that will be held in Dodge City on November 1st and 2nd. Those interested in attending the conference should note that the registration fee is $75 per person and registration can be completed via the organization's website or through the mail. Remember, you can catch our Wild West podcast shows on various platforms, including iTunes Podcast and our website, wildwestpodcastbuzzsproutcom. You can also find us on Facebook at facebookcom slash wildwestpodcast and on our YouTube channel. Thanks for tuning in. Join us next time as we interview Dr James N Leiker on his topic the Northern Cheyenne Exodus in History and Memory.