{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":9.75,"endTime":11.94,"body":"Hello, welcome to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":9.75,"endTime":11.94,"body":"BatChat from the Bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":11.94,"endTime":16.41,"body":"Conservation Trust, otherwise"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":11.94,"endTime":16.41,"body":"known as BCT, the leading NGO in"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":16.41,"endTime":19.5,"body":"the United Kingdom solely"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":16.41,"endTime":19.5,"body":"devoted to the conservation of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":19.5,"endTime":23.46,"body":"bats and the landscapes on which"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":19.5,"endTime":23.46,"body":"they rely. This podcast is for"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":23.46,"endTime":26.55,"body":"anyone who loves bats, bringing"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":23.46,"endTime":26.55,"body":"stories straight to your"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":26.55,"endTime":29.52,"body":"headphones from the world of bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":26.55,"endTime":29.52,"body":"conservation, and from the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":29.52,"endTime":32.64,"body":"people out there doing work that"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":29.52,"endTime":32.64,"body":"furthers our understanding of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":32.64,"endTime":36.27,"body":"these magical creatures. I'm"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":32.64,"endTime":36.27,"body":"Steve Roe. I'm an ecologist and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":36.27,"endTime":38.85,"body":"a trustee of the Bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":36.27,"endTime":38.85,"body":"Conservation Trust, you can join"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":38.85,"endTime":42.45,"body":"the conversation online using"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":38.85,"endTime":42.45,"body":"the hashtag BatChat that's all"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":42.45,"endTime":45.6,"body":"one word. In this interview"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":42.45,"endTime":45.6,"body":"recorded right at the end of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":45.6,"endTime":49.23,"body":"August last year, I'm sat in a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":45.6,"endTime":49.23,"body":"Norfolk woodland with Dr."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":49.23,"endTime":52.71,"body":"Charlotte Packman. I went there"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":49.23,"endTime":52.71,"body":"to learn what potential impacts"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":52.71,"endTime":55.08,"body":"a new road in the area might"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":52.71,"endTime":55.08,"body":"have on the local bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":55.08,"endTime":58.26,"body":"populations. And as Lottie"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":55.08,"endTime":58.26,"body":"explains, it could have a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":58.26,"endTime":60.99,"body":"significant impact on a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":58.26,"endTime":60.99,"body":"nationally significant"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":61.05,"endTime":64.11,"body":"barbastelle bat population."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":61.05,"endTime":64.11,"body":"Lottie starts us off by"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":64.11,"endTime":66.9,"body":"introducing herself and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":64.11,"endTime":66.9,"body":"describing where we are."},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":72.12,"endTime":74.76,"body":"So I'm Lotty"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":72.12,"endTime":74.76,"body":"Packman. I'm an ecologist"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":74.79,"endTime":80.1,"body":"specialising in bats. And I do"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":74.79,"endTime":80.1,"body":"research and some consultancy,"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":80.1,"endTime":84.33,"body":"and I run bat training courses"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":80.1,"endTime":84.33,"body":"as well. So yeah, we are here"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":84.36,"endTime":90.06,"body":"we're northwest of Norwich. And"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":84.36,"endTime":90.06,"body":"we're in the Wensum Valley, and"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":90.06,"endTime":95.1,"body":"as a network of mature woodlands"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":90.06,"endTime":95.1,"body":"around here, all very good for"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":95.1,"endTime":97.2,"body":"the bat species we're going to"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":95.1,"endTime":97.2,"body":"be talking about."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":98.07,"endTime":100.41,"body":"So yeah, we're going"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":98.07,"endTime":100.41,"body":"to be talking about the Wensum"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":100.41,"endTime":103.2,"body":"Western link relief road, or"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":100.41,"endTime":103.2,"body":"whatever it's currently called,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":103.2,"endTime":105.87,"body":"it's changed names a couple of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":103.2,"endTime":105.87,"body":"times. But why is why is this"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":105.87,"endTime":107.46,"body":"woodland that we're in so"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":105.87,"endTime":107.46,"body":"special?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":108.74,"endTime":111.08,"body":"Yeah. So that's part of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":108.74,"endTime":111.08,"body":"what we're trying to find out,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":111.08,"endTime":113.57,"body":"really, but it's certainly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":111.08,"endTime":113.57,"body":"special to the barbastelle's."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":113.6,"endTime":117.17,"body":"That's become clear. I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":113.6,"endTime":117.17,"body":"there's a combination of factors"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":117.17,"endTime":122.51,"body":"here. So we've got the river"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":117.17,"endTime":122.51,"body":"Wensum. Just over there. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":123.08,"endTime":125.81,"body":"yeah, this patchwork of mature"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":123.08,"endTime":125.81,"body":"woodlands in the area."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":126.68,"endTime":130.7,"body":"relatively little developments"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":126.68,"endTime":130.7,"body":"here. So there's good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":130.88,"endTime":134.0,"body":"barbastelle habitat seems to be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":130.88,"endTime":134.0,"body":"good foraging habitats, good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":134.0,"endTime":137.45,"body":"commuting features for them. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":134.0,"endTime":137.45,"body":"then in these woodlands, there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":137.81,"endTime":142.28,"body":"lots of risk features for them."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":137.81,"endTime":142.28,"body":"So what we seem to be seeing is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":142.73,"endTime":146.0,"body":"the woodlands that have lots of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":142.73,"endTime":146.0,"body":"potential use features suitable"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":146.0,"endTime":150.53,"body":"for barbastelles seem to have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":146.0,"endTime":150.53,"body":"larger colonies in them. So yes,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":150.53,"endTime":152.54,"body":"something has come together. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":150.53,"endTime":152.54,"body":"we're still trying to work out"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":152.54,"endTime":156.02,"body":"what the magic formula is, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":152.54,"endTime":156.02,"body":"seems to be making this area"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":156.02,"endTime":159.83,"body":"particularly attractive for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":156.02,"endTime":159.83,"body":"barbastelles. And we know that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":159.83,"endTime":162.11,"body":"Norfolk as a whole, you know, as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":159.83,"endTime":162.11,"body":"long been considered a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":162.11,"endTime":165.35,"body":"stronghold for barbastelles. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":162.11,"endTime":165.35,"body":"what we've discovered over the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":165.35,"endTime":170.27,"body":"last sort of five or so years,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":165.35,"endTime":170.27,"body":"is that this is really the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":170.27,"endTime":174.26,"body":"absolute perfect place to them,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":170.27,"endTime":174.26,"body":"really. So we're finding the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":174.26,"endTime":176.6,"body":"highest numbers national"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":174.26,"endTime":176.6,"body":"important area here for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":176.6,"endTime":180.86,"body":"barbastelles. So yeah, something"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":176.6,"endTime":180.86,"body":"is pulling together all these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":180.86,"endTime":182.93,"body":"factors that's just made it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":180.86,"endTime":182.93,"body":"really good for them."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":183.59,"endTime":186.29,"body":"I'm gonna say when I"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":183.59,"endTime":186.29,"body":"started Bat Conservation 20 odd"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":186.29,"endTime":189.56,"body":"years ago, barbastelles were"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":186.29,"endTime":189.56,"body":"considered really rare since"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":189.56,"endTime":191.72,"body":"then, like you've just said"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":189.56,"endTime":191.72,"body":"Norfolk has been found to be a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":191.72,"endTime":194.12,"body":"stronghold and not necessarily"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":191.72,"endTime":194.12,"body":"woodlands as well. They're"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":194.54,"endTime":196.67,"body":"commuting across open arable"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":194.54,"endTime":196.67,"body":"fields, which before we didn't"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":196.67,"endTime":199.76,"body":"think that they would, is that"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":196.67,"endTime":199.76,"body":"because there's now more"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":199.79,"endTime":201.86,"body":"barbastelles than a few years"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":199.79,"endTime":201.86,"body":"ago? Is it just because we've"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":201.86,"endTime":203.24,"body":"got better finding them?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":203.99,"endTime":207.53,"body":"Hard to say. But I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":203.99,"endTime":207.53,"body":"suspect it's that we've got"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":207.53,"endTime":209.72,"body":"better at finding them. You"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":207.53,"endTime":209.72,"body":"know, as the technologies"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":209.72,"endTime":213.29,"body":"improved, barbastelles have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":209.72,"endTime":213.29,"body":"relatively quiet cools. So I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":213.29,"endTime":216.23,"body":"think as the acoustic recording"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":213.29,"endTime":216.23,"body":"technologies improved, we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":216.23,"endTime":218.99,"body":"probably getting better at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":216.23,"endTime":218.99,"body":"picking them up. And we're just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":218.99,"endTime":221.93,"body":"looking for the more in these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":218.99,"endTime":221.93,"body":"wetlands as we were discovering"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":221.93,"endTime":225.74,"body":"more. I think we've we've also,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":221.93,"endTime":225.74,"body":"you know, here in Norfolk, we've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":225.74,"endTime":229.28,"body":"really kind of refined methods"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":225.74,"endTime":229.28,"body":"for catching barbastelles. So I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":229.28,"endTime":234.29,"body":"think our capture success rate"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":229.28,"endTime":234.29,"body":"is is pretty high now. So we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":234.29,"endTime":237.11,"body":"definitely getting quite good. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":234.29,"endTime":237.11,"body":"think now at finding them if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":237.11,"endTime":242.27,"body":"they are there, we will find"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":237.11,"endTime":242.27,"body":"them. So, yeah, I think that's,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":242.39,"endTime":244.73,"body":"that's all part of it. But we've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":242.39,"endTime":244.73,"body":"definitely gotta be a little bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":244.73,"endTime":248.54,"body":"aware of the shifting baselines"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":244.73,"endTime":248.54,"body":"thing. And there's certainly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":248.54,"endTime":252.38,"body":"some indications that possibly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":248.54,"endTime":252.38,"body":"in the past, and some of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":252.44,"endTime":254.51,"body":"sort of beginnings of some of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":252.44,"endTime":254.51,"body":"the genetic work that's coming"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":254.51,"endTime":257.15,"body":"out that that Jane Harris has"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":254.51,"endTime":257.15,"body":"been doing, you know, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":257.15,"endTime":260.0,"body":"giving us an inkling that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":257.15,"endTime":260.0,"body":"potentially, there could have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":260.0,"endTime":262.94,"body":"been much larger populations"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":260.0,"endTime":262.94,"body":"here historically, but it's it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":262.94,"endTime":266.39,"body":"still too early at this stage"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":262.94,"endTime":266.39,"body":"know about that. But yeah, so I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":266.39,"endTime":270.02,"body":"think we need to be careful what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":266.39,"endTime":270.02,"body":"we're comparing to. We're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":270.02,"endTime":271.97,"body":"getting a snapshot in time at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":270.02,"endTime":271.97,"body":"the moment."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":272.89,"endTime":274.93,"body":"So you mentioned Jane"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":272.89,"endTime":274.93,"body":"there who was on the podcast"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":274.93,"endTime":278.41,"body":"last series when we met at"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":274.93,"endTime":278.41,"body":"Paston barn and she mentioned"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":278.44,"endTime":281.44,"body":"the work that you've been doing"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":278.44,"endTime":281.44,"body":"here and I was asking about what"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":281.44,"endTime":283.69,"body":"size of colonies typical"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":281.44,"endTime":283.69,"body":"barbastelles a typical colony is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":283.69,"endTime":286.99,"body":"said that was very hard to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":283.69,"endTime":286.99,"body":"answer. The colonies that she"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":286.99,"endTime":291.88,"body":"looks at, monitors, are anywhere"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":286.99,"endTime":291.88,"body":"between 20/30 high 30s but she"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":291.88,"endTime":294.4,"body":"mentioned one of the trees"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":291.88,"endTime":294.4,"body":"you've got here in this block of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":294.4,"endTime":298.6,"body":"woodlands that has over 100 bats"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":294.4,"endTime":298.6,"body":"and you've said that you think"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":298.6,"endTime":301.3,"body":"that this colony around this"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":298.6,"endTime":301.3,"body":"woodland is a super colony. So"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":301.3,"endTime":303.67,"body":"what constitutes a super colony?"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":301.3,"endTime":303.67,"body":"And how many bats is it?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":304.17,"endTime":308.25,"body":"Yeah. So super colony"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":304.17,"endTime":308.25,"body":"is a term that we've sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":308.25,"endTime":312.15,"body":"pinched from the entomologists"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":308.25,"endTime":312.15,"body":"really, but it just seemed to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":312.48,"endTime":316.65,"body":"very well describe what we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":312.48,"endTime":316.65,"body":"seeing here. So when it's used"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":316.68,"endTime":318.84,"body":"in the insect world,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":316.68,"endTime":318.84,"body":"particularly the ant colonies,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":318.87,"endTime":323.58,"body":"it's usually used to describe a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":318.87,"endTime":323.58,"body":"large number of ants and ant"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":323.58,"endTime":327.18,"body":"colonies that are spatially"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":323.58,"endTime":327.18,"body":"separated, but socially"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":327.18,"endTime":330.75,"body":"connected. And that's really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":327.18,"endTime":330.75,"body":"what we're seeing here. So I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":330.75,"endTime":334.68,"body":"think the term super commonly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":330.75,"endTime":334.68,"body":"reflects the very high numbers"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":334.74,"endTime":337.86,"body":"that we're finding here. And the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":334.74,"endTime":337.86,"body":"fact that there are these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":337.86,"endTime":342.27,"body":"colonies that are really next"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":337.86,"endTime":342.27,"body":"door neighbours to each other,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":342.27,"endTime":345.27,"body":"so there's sort of one in each"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":342.27,"endTime":345.27,"body":"of the, the mature woodlands in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":345.27,"endTime":348.96,"body":"this sort of network here. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":345.27,"endTime":348.96,"body":"they are spatially separated,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":348.96,"endTime":352.59,"body":"but very close. But there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":348.96,"endTime":352.59,"body":"clearly is social interaction"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":352.59,"endTime":355.83,"body":"going on between those. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":352.59,"endTime":355.83,"body":"almost certainly there's going"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":355.83,"endTime":359.82,"body":"to be genetic flow between those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":355.83,"endTime":359.82,"body":"colonies. And we're not aware of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":360.24,"endTime":363.66,"body":"that phenomenon, really having"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":360.24,"endTime":363.66,"body":"been seen elsewhere in the UK to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":363.66,"endTime":367.05,"body":"this extent. And there's some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":363.66,"endTime":367.05,"body":"sites where, you know, there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":367.05,"endTime":370.35,"body":"really next or woodlands and you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":367.05,"endTime":370.35,"body":"could draw a line down between"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":370.35,"endTime":373.62,"body":"them. But the barbastelles, they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":370.35,"endTime":373.62,"body":"obviously crossing, there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":373.62,"endTime":377.67,"body":"overlap, but then the colonies"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":373.62,"endTime":377.67,"body":"never mix. So they're always"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":377.67,"endTime":381.81,"body":"faithful to roosting in their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":377.67,"endTime":381.81,"body":"same in those same columns. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":381.81,"endTime":383.67,"body":"yeah, so that's been quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":381.81,"endTime":383.67,"body":"interesting, we've only really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":383.67,"endTime":387.24,"body":"been able to start delving into"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":383.67,"endTime":387.24,"body":"that now that we've we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":387.24,"endTime":391.2,"body":"tagging barbastelles"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":387.24,"endTime":391.2,"body":"simultaneously from all of those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":391.2,"endTime":394.26,"body":"colonies. So we can really start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":391.2,"endTime":394.26,"body":"to get a picture of how those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":394.26,"endTime":398.7,"body":"are interacting in terms of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":394.26,"endTime":398.7,"body":"numbers, so the colonies in this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":398.7,"endTime":405.03,"body":"area, they vary from around sort"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":398.7,"endTime":405.03,"body":"of 25 at the lower end, to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":405.06,"endTime":409.47,"body":"largest one in the area, which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":405.06,"endTime":409.47,"body":"we've had over 105 barbastelles."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":409.98,"endTime":413.67,"body":"And those were coming out of one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":409.98,"endTime":413.67,"body":"individual tree. And it was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":413.67,"endTime":417.48,"body":"incredible to see that it's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":413.67,"endTime":417.48,"body":"big old sweet chestnut tree. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":417.48,"endTime":420.3,"body":"as it's grown, it's sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":417.48,"endTime":420.3,"body":"twisted in a bark split apart."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":420.81,"endTime":423.48,"body":"And the barbastelles just sort"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":420.81,"endTime":423.48,"body":"of leak out all over. So it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":423.48,"endTime":427.47,"body":"incredibly difficult to count."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":423.48,"endTime":427.47,"body":"Hence it being at least 105. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":427.47,"endTime":430.59,"body":"that's a conservative estimate."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":427.47,"endTime":430.59,"body":"But we know at least that many"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":430.92,"endTime":434.25,"body":"come out of that tree. And every"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":430.92,"endTime":434.25,"body":"year, they've been going back"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":434.25,"endTime":437.7,"body":"and using that same tree in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":434.25,"endTime":437.7,"body":"sort of peak maternity period,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":438.0,"endTime":441.6,"body":"but then they use many other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":438.0,"endTime":441.6,"body":"trees in the area. And so for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":441.6,"endTime":446.67,"body":"the super colony as a whole,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":441.6,"endTime":446.67,"body":"we've now recorded nearly 100,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":446.7,"endTime":450.78,"body":"individual roost trees being"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":446.7,"endTime":450.78,"body":"used by the super colony, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":450.78,"endTime":452.61,"body":"then, obviously now, because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":450.78,"endTime":452.61,"body":"we've been going this is our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":452.61,"endTime":456.48,"body":"fifth season of quite intensive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":452.61,"endTime":456.48,"body":"study of these colonies, we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":456.48,"endTime":459.24,"body":"now finding a lot of the time"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":456.48,"endTime":459.24,"body":"they're going back to trees that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":459.24,"endTime":462.69,"body":"we've already identified. So we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":459.24,"endTime":462.69,"body":"have these little blue roost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":462.69,"endTime":465.6,"body":"tags that we fit into the trees,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":462.69,"endTime":465.6,"body":"unfortunately, before BCT"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":465.6,"endTime":467.4,"body":"brought out theirs, so we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":465.6,"endTime":467.4,"body":"haven't been using yours, I'm"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":467.4,"endTime":470.97,"body":"afraid. So we've got a great"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":467.4,"endTime":470.97,"body":"database of of all those trees"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":470.97,"endTime":472.89,"body":"and how they've been used in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":470.97,"endTime":472.89,"body":"different years and by different"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":472.89,"endTime":475.71,"body":"individuals. But then, of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":472.89,"endTime":475.71,"body":"course, every year, we also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":475.71,"endTime":479.01,"body":"accrue some new trees, the sites"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":475.71,"endTime":479.01,"body":"have been working out longer,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":479.52,"endTime":482.94,"body":"we're accruing fewer new trees"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":479.52,"endTime":482.94,"body":"each year, because we've covered"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":483.03,"endTime":486.09,"body":"so many of the risk trees. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":483.03,"endTime":486.09,"body":"we've been collecting quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":486.09,"endTime":491.1,"body":"detailed data on the risk"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":486.09,"endTime":491.1,"body":"features and looking at the root"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":491.1,"endTime":495.06,"body":"use at different scales. So that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":491.1,"endTime":495.06,"body":"I'm in the process of crunching"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":495.06,"endTime":499.5,"body":"through piles of data. But yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":495.06,"endTime":499.5,"body":"we're hoping to get that written"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":499.5,"endTime":503.4,"body":"up and published relatively"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":499.5,"endTime":503.4,"body":"soon. So yeah, we'll be able to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":503.4,"endTime":506.16,"body":"say more about what we found"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":503.4,"endTime":506.16,"body":"with that in the near future,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":506.16,"endTime":506.64,"body":"hopefully."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":507.63,"endTime":509.7,"body":"As an estimate, how"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":507.63,"endTime":509.7,"body":"many different colonies do you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":509.7,"endTime":512.31,"body":"think that there are? And what"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":509.7,"endTime":512.31,"body":"sort of range are you covering"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":512.34,"endTime":513.36,"body":"as part of those surveys?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":513.0,"endTime":515.76,"body":"Well, the intensive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":513.0,"endTime":515.76,"body":"study that we're doing is just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":515.76,"endTime":519.0,"body":"on three of these colonies"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":515.76,"endTime":519.0,"body":"within the super colony. But we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":519.0,"endTime":521.67,"body":"know there are more we know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":519.0,"endTime":521.67,"body":"there's at least two more. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":521.67,"endTime":524.22,"body":"there are probably other ones on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":521.67,"endTime":524.22,"body":"the radio tracking that and we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":524.22,"endTime":527.64,"body":"put it together there has some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":524.22,"endTime":527.64,"body":"clear gaps, which I'm pretty"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":527.64,"endTime":530.73,"body":"sure there's probably other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":527.64,"endTime":530.73,"body":"colonies in those. So we are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":530.73,"endTime":534.21,"body":"just scratching the surface at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":530.73,"endTime":534.21,"body":"the moment. We're still finding"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":534.24,"endTime":537.84,"body":"finding out the answer that in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":534.24,"endTime":537.84,"body":"terms of the numbers, that is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":537.84,"endTime":541.62,"body":"question that keeps me awake at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":537.84,"endTime":541.62,"body":"night. I think what's clear is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":541.62,"endTime":545.73,"body":"that from colony counts alone,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":541.62,"endTime":545.73,"body":"we're only getting a fraction of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":545.79,"endTime":550.35,"body":"the true picture. Our estimate"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":545.79,"endTime":550.35,"body":"based on the colony counts is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":550.35,"endTime":556.41,"body":"around 270 barbastelles in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":550.35,"endTime":556.41,"body":"Super economy. But we've also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":556.41,"endTime":560.79,"body":"been ringing, but we've only"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":556.41,"endTime":560.79,"body":"been ringing ringing for two"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":560.79,"endTime":567.0,"body":"seasons now. And we've already"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":560.79,"endTime":567.0,"body":"ringed 122 to date barbastelles."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":567.3,"endTime":570.45,"body":"So that's really telling us"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":567.3,"endTime":570.45,"body":"there's probably an awful lot"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":570.45,"endTime":574.08,"body":"more than than than 270. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":570.45,"endTime":574.08,"body":"that's something we're working"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":574.08,"endTime":576.33,"body":"on this question of numbers. It"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":574.08,"endTime":576.33,"body":"sounds like something so simple,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":576.33,"endTime":579.36,"body":"how many are there, but it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":576.33,"endTime":579.36,"body":"actually really hard. So we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":579.36,"endTime":583.29,"body":"trying to use a mark recapture,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":579.36,"endTime":583.29,"body":"approach. So ringing the bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":583.32,"endTime":588.03,"body":"and then recapturing them and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":583.32,"endTime":588.03,"body":"the rate of recapture over time,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":588.03,"endTime":590.4,"body":"we should be able to start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":588.03,"endTime":590.4,"body":"getting a picture of what that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":590.4,"endTime":593.82,"body":"means for the for the numbers."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":590.4,"endTime":593.82,"body":"And that's important too, not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":593.82,"endTime":596.76,"body":"just for here, but because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":593.82,"endTime":596.76,"body":"obviously nationally there isn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":596.76,"endTime":601.44,"body":"any good population estimate for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":596.76,"endTime":601.44,"body":"the numbers above bestows. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":601.44,"endTime":604.83,"body":"we're hoping if we can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":601.44,"endTime":604.83,"body":"contribute something to getting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":604.83,"endTime":607.11,"body":"some better estimates here, then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":604.83,"endTime":607.11,"body":"that might be something that can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":607.11,"endTime":610.86,"body":"be used elsewhere and help to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":607.11,"endTime":610.86,"body":"fill that gap in terms of how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":610.86,"endTime":611.43,"body":"many are there."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":611.0,"endTime":614.45,"body":"And just to pick up"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":611.0,"endTime":614.45,"body":"on the ringing side of things"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":614.45,"endTime":617.42,"body":"are you ringing by catching bats"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":614.45,"endTime":617.42,"body":"away from the roost, are you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":617.42,"endTime":620.84,"body":"hand netting at the roost, how"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":617.42,"endTime":620.84,"body":"you try to get as many bats as"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":620.84,"endTime":623.0,"body":"possible without causing that"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":620.84,"endTime":623.0,"body":"disturbance that sometimes"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":623.0,"endTime":623.78,"body":"associated with that?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":624.14,"endTime":629.48,"body":"Yes, we we, we've only"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":624.14,"endTime":629.48,"body":"been trapping on flyways. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":629.48,"endTime":631.97,"body":"we're not, we're not trapping"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":629.48,"endTime":631.97,"body":"directly from the roosts."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":632.45,"endTime":636.11,"body":"Generally, we're in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":632.45,"endTime":636.11,"body":"maternity roost woodlands, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":636.11,"endTime":638.63,"body":"we put up nets, and then we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":636.11,"endTime":638.63,"body":"catching them on and we're on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":638.63,"endTime":641.84,"body":"rides, and we're catching them"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":638.63,"endTime":641.84,"body":"on those flyways. We do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":641.84,"endTime":644.24,"body":"sometimes go to other sites,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":641.84,"endTime":644.24,"body":"which we know are important"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":644.24,"endTime":646.97,"body":"commuting routes as well. But I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":644.24,"endTime":646.97,"body":"think it's important to say as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":646.97,"endTime":651.83,"body":"well with that sort of 122 rings"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":646.97,"endTime":651.83,"body":"at the moment, we're still still"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":651.86,"endTime":655.94,"body":"going on with this, we're only"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":651.86,"endTime":655.94,"body":"we're only ringing in by sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":655.97,"endTime":658.91,"body":"a couple of tracking sessions a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":655.97,"endTime":658.91,"body":"season. So we're not out every"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":658.91,"endTime":662.6,"body":"night trapping and putting rings"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":658.91,"endTime":662.6,"body":"on bat. So again, I think that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":662.6,"endTime":664.73,"body":"tells you something about the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":662.6,"endTime":664.73,"body":"number that around that if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":664.73,"endTime":667.31,"body":"you're only doing a couple of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":664.73,"endTime":667.31,"body":"sessions in a woodland in a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":667.31,"endTime":671.21,"body":"whole summer. And you're getting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":667.31,"endTime":671.21,"body":"those kinds of numbers. And we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":671.21,"endTime":673.73,"body":"are getting a good number of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":671.21,"endTime":673.73,"body":"free traps to. So we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":673.73,"endTime":676.28,"body":"obviously keeping an eye on on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":673.73,"endTime":676.28,"body":"how they're doing and how the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":676.28,"endTime":679.82,"body":"ring wear is. But so far, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":676.28,"endTime":679.82,"body":"all looks well looks positive."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":679.82,"endTime":683.21,"body":"So yeah, but it's something we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":679.82,"endTime":683.21,"body":"need to do long term to really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":683.21,"endTime":687.17,"body":"be able to get a grip on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":683.21,"endTime":687.17,"body":"numbers. And then ultimately,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":687.17,"endTime":690.02,"body":"hopefully the actual population"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":687.17,"endTime":690.02,"body":"trends. So are they going up or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":690.02,"endTime":690.41,"body":"down?"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":690.45,"endTime":693.78,"body":"Nice. So can you just"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":690.45,"endTime":693.78,"body":"describe for people who don't"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":693.78,"endTime":696.21,"body":"know what they look like, what"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":693.78,"endTime":696.21,"body":"did barbastelles look like once"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":696.21,"endTime":698.76,"body":"more so ecology and their roost"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":696.21,"endTime":698.76,"body":"sites and things like that."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":700.01,"endTime":702.83,"body":"So they're really quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":700.01,"endTime":702.83,"body":"extraordinary looking and very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":702.86,"endTime":706.79,"body":"unique looking. A lot of people"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":702.86,"endTime":706.79,"body":"describe them as being kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":706.79,"endTime":711.44,"body":"pug faced. So they're a medium"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":706.79,"endTime":711.44,"body":"sized bat by UK terms. They're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":711.62,"endTime":715.01,"body":"very, very dark furred, and most"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":711.62,"endTime":715.01,"body":"of our bats are varying shades"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":715.01,"endTime":718.22,"body":"of brown, barbastelles are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":715.01,"endTime":718.22,"body":"really quite black. So they look"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":718.22,"endTime":720.74,"body":"like a little lump of coal, when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":718.22,"endTime":720.74,"body":"they come flying out the roosts."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":721.1,"endTime":726.05,"body":"They've often got these sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":721.1,"endTime":726.05,"body":"like golden tips to the fur. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":726.05,"endTime":728.63,"body":"they've got this quite long,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":726.05,"endTime":728.63,"body":"shaggy fur, and then they've got"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":728.63,"endTime":733.07,"body":"these very chunky, prominent"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":728.63,"endTime":733.07,"body":"ears and a very sort of black"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":733.07,"endTime":736.07,"body":"face. So yeah, they're very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":733.07,"endTime":736.07,"body":"distinctive looking, none of our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":736.07,"endTime":739.61,"body":"other bats really look anything"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":736.07,"endTime":739.61,"body":"like them. In the sort of early"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":739.61,"endTime":743.21,"body":"summer, they tend to start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":739.61,"endTime":743.21,"body":"forming what we call maternity"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":743.48,"endTime":746.6,"body":"roosts. So that's where the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":743.48,"endTime":746.6,"body":"females are gathering to sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":746.63,"endTime":749.78,"body":"form a nursery where they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":746.63,"endTime":749.78,"body":"going to give birth to their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":749.78,"endTime":755.39,"body":"young. And typically, we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":749.78,"endTime":755.39,"body":"finding them in mature trees,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":755.54,"endTime":760.31,"body":"and often dead trees that have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":755.54,"endTime":760.31,"body":"got loose bark. So of the 100 or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":760.31,"endTime":764.51,"body":"so roost, we've recorded the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":760.31,"endTime":764.51,"body":"vast majority of those are loose"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":764.51,"endTime":768.32,"body":"or flaking bark that they just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":764.51,"endTime":768.32,"body":"sort of tuck up behind that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":768.35,"endTime":772.13,"body":"that's definitely their their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":768.35,"endTime":772.13,"body":"preferred feature. In this area,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":772.13,"endTime":776.33,"body":"we find them predominantly in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":772.13,"endTime":776.33,"body":"sweet chestnut trees and oak"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":776.33,"endTime":780.17,"body":"trees. And I guess really just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":776.33,"endTime":780.17,"body":"because they're the species that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":780.17,"endTime":783.89,"body":"are here and are forming those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":780.17,"endTime":783.89,"body":"loose bark features, they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":783.89,"endTime":788.72,"body":"very much considered to be a bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":783.89,"endTime":788.72,"body":"of mature and ancient woodlands."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":788.75,"endTime":791.27,"body":"So they're probably quite good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":788.75,"endTime":791.27,"body":"indicator species and that sense"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":791.27,"endTime":794.87,"body":"in terms of habitat quality, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":791.27,"endTime":794.87,"body":"areas that are good for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":794.9,"endTime":797.6,"body":"barbastelles are typically good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":794.9,"endTime":797.6,"body":"for for lots of other species"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":797.6,"endTime":800.69,"body":"too. Yeah. And then I guess"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":797.6,"endTime":800.69,"body":"another thing that's quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":800.72,"endTime":804.02,"body":"distinctive about them is these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":800.72,"endTime":804.02,"body":"very large home ranges that they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":804.02,"endTime":808.01,"body":"have. So we've tracked bats from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":804.02,"endTime":808.01,"body":"these colonies up to about 12"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":808.01,"endTime":810.98,"body":"kilometres away. So they'll"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":808.01,"endTime":810.98,"body":"they'll go out and come all the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":810.98,"endTime":815.06,"body":"way back to the woodlands. over"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":810.98,"endTime":815.06,"body":"that distance more typically,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":815.27,"endTime":819.23,"body":"the home ranges are sort of five"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":815.27,"endTime":819.23,"body":"to six kilometres in this area"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":819.29,"endTime":823.4,"body":"radius around the maternity"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":819.29,"endTime":823.4,"body":"roosts. But yeah, they can go an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":823.4,"endTime":825.86,"body":"awful lot further. And that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":823.4,"endTime":825.86,"body":"compared to things like say"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":825.92,"endTime":828.56,"body":"pipistrelles that have a home"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":825.92,"endTime":828.56,"body":"range, maybe only one or two"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":828.56,"endTime":832.61,"body":"kilometres radius. So, so yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":828.56,"endTime":832.61,"body":"they travel far. They travel"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":832.61,"endTime":836.6,"body":"fast. They like these really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":832.61,"endTime":836.6,"body":"good quality habitats,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":836.63,"endTime":840.35,"body":"woodlands, rivers, really quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":836.63,"endTime":840.35,"body":"a mosaic of habitats. I think at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":840.35,"endTime":842.69,"body":"least that's what we're seeing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":840.35,"endTime":842.69,"body":"here in in Norfolk."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":843.77,"endTime":848.18,"body":"And we're sat next to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":843.77,"endTime":848.18,"body":"an oak tree, which has got well,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":848.18,"endTime":850.94,"body":"like Lotty's described. It's"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":848.18,"endTime":850.94,"body":"just covered in bits of flaking"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":850.94,"endTime":854.54,"body":"bark we can see but so the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":850.94,"endTime":854.54,"body":"deadwood the heartwood, behind"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":854.54,"endTime":858.86,"body":"the living bark tissue splits"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":854.54,"endTime":858.86,"body":"and cracks and crevices. And you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":858.86,"endTime":861.26,"body":"say this, this is one of the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":858.86,"endTime":861.26,"body":"tree roosts that you've been"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":861.26,"endTime":863.42,"body":"monitoring how many bats have"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":861.26,"endTime":863.42,"body":"you had in this oak tree here?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":864.29,"endTime":866.96,"body":"Yeah, it is one of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":864.29,"endTime":866.96,"body":"roost. It's been used by the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":866.96,"endTime":869.51,"body":"colony. So sometimes when we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":866.96,"endTime":869.51,"body":"track them, particularly late"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":869.51,"endTime":871.64,"body":"season, you might just have an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":869.51,"endTime":871.64,"body":"individual bat roosting on its"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":871.64,"endTime":876.14,"body":"own, but this is a colony roost,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":871.64,"endTime":876.14,"body":"but it wasn't being used by the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":876.14,"endTime":878.81,"body":"full colony at the time. I don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":876.14,"endTime":878.81,"body":"think I think the most we've had"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":878.81,"endTime":882.11,"body":"from this tree is 22. And they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":878.81,"endTime":882.11,"body":"only use this tree quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":882.11,"endTime":884.6,"body":"briefly. They do move around a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":882.11,"endTime":884.6,"body":"lot between the different trees"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":884.6,"endTime":887.81,"body":"in The Woodlands so they do need"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":884.6,"endTime":887.81,"body":"a good resource of different"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":887.81,"endTime":891.23,"body":"roost options. But yeah, this is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":887.81,"endTime":891.23,"body":"a classic sort of barbastelles"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":891.23,"endTime":895.49,"body":"roost tree really big, almost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":891.23,"endTime":895.49,"body":"dead, not quite clinging on for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":895.49,"endTime":900.32,"body":"life, oak tree, but similar."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":895.49,"endTime":900.32,"body":"We've found them in time. Nice"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":900.32,"endTime":904.61,"body":"spindly long dead stumps that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":900.32,"endTime":904.61,"body":"have just got a tiny little"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":904.64,"endTime":908.24,"body":"flick of loose bark at the top,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":904.64,"endTime":908.24,"body":"and they're up onto there. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":908.24,"endTime":912.44,"body":"the, they're not always using"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":908.24,"endTime":912.44,"body":"the obvious, the obvious trees"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":912.44,"endTime":914.72,"body":"and obvious features that you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":912.44,"endTime":914.72,"body":"think there is quite a bit of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":914.72,"endTime":919.01,"body":"variety. And sometimes the roofs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":914.72,"endTime":919.01,"body":"are very low down. Sometimes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":919.01,"endTime":922.1,"body":"they're way up high in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":919.01,"endTime":922.1,"body":"canopy making it very tricky for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":922.1,"endTime":926.42,"body":"us to count. And sometimes the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":922.1,"endTime":926.42,"body":"the tree may have no bark left"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":926.42,"endTime":930.41,"body":"at all, except for one little A4"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":926.42,"endTime":930.41,"body":"piece. And that's what they're,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":930.89,"endTime":933.68,"body":"they're roosting under. So they,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":930.89,"endTime":933.68,"body":"they do need this sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":933.71,"endTime":938.39,"body":"continual supply of of suitable"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":933.71,"endTime":938.39,"body":"roost features to be developing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":938.42,"endTime":941.6,"body":"because obviously those loose"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":938.42,"endTime":941.6,"body":"bark that's usually quite late"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":941.6,"endTime":944.69,"body":"on in the in the trees life and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":941.6,"endTime":944.69,"body":"potentially those features are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":944.69,"endTime":948.83,"body":"there one year and they're gone"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":944.69,"endTime":948.83,"body":"the next or there's a landowner"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":948.83,"endTime":952.25,"body":"I spoke to recently said that we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":948.83,"endTime":952.25,"body":"need a continuous supply of dead"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":952.25,"endTime":954.92,"body":"and dying trees then which is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":952.25,"endTime":954.92,"body":"basically what we need for them."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":955.25,"endTime":958.01,"body":"But yeah, that's, that's really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":955.25,"endTime":958.01,"body":"what we need. And, and often you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":958.01,"endTime":961.25,"body":"look around these woods and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":958.01,"endTime":961.25,"body":"there may be lots of old trees,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":961.4,"endTime":965.33,"body":"maybe some recruitments. But the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":961.4,"endTime":965.33,"body":"deer are often hammering that."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":965.33,"endTime":970.01,"body":"So the the new tree growth, but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":965.33,"endTime":970.01,"body":"often there's not an awful lot"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":970.01,"endTime":974.45,"body":"in between. So you do wonder,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":970.01,"endTime":974.45,"body":"and it is a concern where the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":974.81,"endTime":978.29,"body":"where the barber style roosts"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":974.81,"endTime":978.29,"body":"are of, you know, 100 years"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":978.29,"endTime":981.65,"body":"time, where, you know, where are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":978.29,"endTime":981.65,"body":"they going to be coming from?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":982.76,"endTime":985.07,"body":"And I don't think we've yet"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":982.76,"endTime":985.07,"body":"really cracked how to make the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":985.07,"endTime":989.15,"body":"perfect barber style"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":985.07,"endTime":989.15,"body":"accommodation to tempt them. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":989.24,"endTime":991.25,"body":"that is something we've actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":989.24,"endTime":991.25,"body":"got a few different designs that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":991.25,"endTime":995.36,"body":"we're trialling at the moment"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":991.25,"endTime":995.36,"body":"based on our on our restates"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":995.36,"endTime":996.38,"body":"that we've been collecting."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":997.61,"endTime":999.53,"body":"So why were you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":997.61,"endTime":999.53,"body":"working with these bots?"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":999.56,"endTime":1002.05,"body":"Originally? Were you working"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":999.56,"endTime":1002.05,"body":"with them? Before the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1002.05,"endTime":1004.3,"body":"announcement of the new link"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1002.05,"endTime":1004.3,"body":"road? Or was that did it all"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1004.3,"endTime":1006.58,"body":"come about because of the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1004.3,"endTime":1006.58,"body":"denouncements living road?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1007.62,"endTime":1010.92,"body":"So we've been we've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1007.62,"endTime":1010.92,"body":"been working on bats and two of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1010.92,"endTime":1015.24,"body":"the colonies in the area. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1010.92,"endTime":1015.24,"body":"that had already sort of sparked"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1015.24,"endTime":1018.48,"body":"our interest because there were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1015.24,"endTime":1018.48,"body":"these two right next door to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1018.48,"endTime":1021.45,"body":"each other colonies. And we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1018.48,"endTime":1021.45,"body":"wonder what was going on going"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1021.45,"endTime":1023.76,"body":"on there. And the numbers were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1021.45,"endTime":1023.76,"body":"clearly very high. So we were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1023.76,"endTime":1027.9,"body":"already working at those sites."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1023.76,"endTime":1027.9,"body":"And then I actually read an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1027.9,"endTime":1030.84,"body":"article in the local paper,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1027.9,"endTime":1030.84,"body":"which mentioned one of the local"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1030.87,"endTime":1035.67,"body":"landowners and actually in this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1030.87,"endTime":1035.67,"body":"woodland where we are now. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1035.67,"endTime":1038.88,"body":"he was obviously very concerned"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1035.67,"endTime":1038.88,"body":"about the proposed dual"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1038.88,"endTime":1042.06,"body":"carriageway that's going to come"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1038.88,"endTime":1042.06,"body":"through right through this but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1042.06,"endTime":1045.36,"body":"woodlands here. And he mentioned"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1042.06,"endTime":1045.36,"body":"that he'd taken part in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1045.75,"endTime":1048.63,"body":"BTO's British Trust for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1045.75,"endTime":1048.63,"body":"Ornithology, Norfolk bat survey."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1048.63,"endTime":1052.53,"body":"So he'd had a detector out. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1048.63,"endTime":1052.53,"body":"he was talking about the bats."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1053.13,"endTime":1055.5,"body":"And he mentioned barbastelle"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1053.13,"endTime":1055.5,"body":"bats have been recorded here,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1055.53,"endTime":1058.02,"body":"which obviously caught my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1055.53,"endTime":1058.02,"body":"attention. And obviously, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1058.02,"endTime":1061.35,"body":"so near to the other colonies,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1058.02,"endTime":1061.35,"body":"we've been working out that I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1061.35,"endTime":1065.16,"body":"was quite keen to follow up on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1061.35,"endTime":1065.16,"body":"that. And it also transpired"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1065.19,"endTime":1068.79,"body":"that the surveys that have been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1065.19,"endTime":1068.79,"body":"done, the council's commission"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1068.79,"endTime":1073.02,"body":"surveys for the road, hadn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1068.79,"endTime":1073.02,"body":"picked up the presence of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1073.05,"endTime":1077.43,"body":"barbastelles here. And I managed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1073.05,"endTime":1077.43,"body":"to get hold of the acoustic data"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1077.46,"endTime":1080.28,"body":"from from the BTO and have a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1077.46,"endTime":1080.28,"body":"look at that. And it was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1080.28,"endTime":1083.82,"body":"immediately apparent that there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1080.28,"endTime":1083.82,"body":"are a lot of barbastelles calls"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1083.85,"endTime":1088.74,"body":"and very soon after sunset. So,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1083.85,"endTime":1088.74,"body":"you know, it seemed clear that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1088.8,"endTime":1091.2,"body":"it was very likely that there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1088.8,"endTime":1091.2,"body":"was going to be a colony in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1091.2,"endTime":1094.47,"body":"these woods. And so we followed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1091.2,"endTime":1094.47,"body":"that up with a trapping survey"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1094.47,"endTime":1099.45,"body":"here. Caught barbastelles, radio"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1094.47,"endTime":1099.45,"body":"tagged a couple of them, track"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1099.45,"endTime":1102.0,"body":"them back to the roosts did"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1099.45,"endTime":1102.0,"body":"counts and pretty quickly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1102.0,"endTime":1104.46,"body":"establish that there was a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1102.0,"endTime":1104.46,"body":"maternity colony here in these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1104.46,"endTime":1109.5,"body":"woods. That was quite late in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1104.46,"endTime":1109.5,"body":"the season. So we then plan to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1109.5,"endTime":1112.23,"body":"do more work on it in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1109.5,"endTime":1112.23,"body":"following season, which we did."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1112.23,"endTime":1114.84,"body":"And then we followed up again"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1112.23,"endTime":1114.84,"body":"this year as well. So we've been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1114.84,"endTime":1117.12,"body":"collecting a lot more data on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1114.84,"endTime":1117.12,"body":"those since then."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1118.5,"endTime":1120.99,"body":"So you've publicly"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1118.5,"endTime":1120.99,"body":"spoken out about the controversy"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1120.99,"endTime":1123.84,"body":"of the Norwich Western link"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1120.99,"endTime":1123.84,"body":"road. Why are you so opposed to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1123.84,"endTime":1126.75,"body":"it? Obviously, it's about the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1123.84,"endTime":1126.75,"body":"bats. But why?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1127.56,"endTime":1129.81,"body":"Yeah, so I think more"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1127.56,"endTime":1129.81,"body":"we've been studying these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1129.81,"endTime":1132.33,"body":"colonies, it's clear, there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1129.81,"endTime":1132.33,"body":"something really quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1132.33,"endTime":1135.36,"body":"exceptional going on here for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1132.33,"endTime":1135.36,"body":"barbastelles. This is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1135.36,"endTime":1138.24,"body":"nationally important area for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1135.36,"endTime":1138.24,"body":"them. We've got what's probably"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1138.24,"endTime":1141.42,"body":"the largest known extanct"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1138.24,"endTime":1141.42,"body":"barbastelles roost in the area,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1141.93,"endTime":1145.65,"body":"and they're super commonly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1141.93,"endTime":1145.65,"body":"phenomenon. And the road would"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1145.68,"endTime":1149.64,"body":"would basically cut through the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1145.68,"endTime":1149.64,"body":"sort of core of the cause in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1149.64,"endTime":1151.92,"body":"terms of the the core sustenance"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1149.64,"endTime":1151.92,"body":"zone. So where those all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1151.92,"endTime":1154.47,"body":"overlap, drawing those around"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1151.92,"endTime":1154.47,"body":"each of the maternity colony"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1154.47,"endTime":1156.27,"body":"woodlands including some of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1154.47,"endTime":1156.27,"body":"others we know about in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1156.27,"endTime":1159.57,"body":"area, you get this kind of core"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1156.27,"endTime":1159.57,"body":"area which is used by all of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1159.57,"endTime":1162.99,"body":"them, and the proposed road"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1159.57,"endTime":1162.99,"body":"would cut right through the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1162.99,"endTime":1167.01,"body":"middle of that it would come"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1162.99,"endTime":1167.01,"body":"directly through this woodland"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1167.01,"endTime":1171.12,"body":"and this is a tentacle only"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1167.01,"endTime":1171.12,"body":"woodland. But this area is also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1171.12,"endTime":1174.06,"body":"used by you know the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1171.12,"endTime":1174.06,"body":"neighbouring colonies as well."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1174.06,"endTime":1178.29,"body":"So it really will fragment the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1174.06,"endTime":1178.29,"body":"super colony. We're also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1178.29,"endTime":1182.73,"body":"concerned because there were two"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1178.29,"endTime":1182.73,"body":"other colonies that were in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1182.73,"endTime":1185.88,"body":"vicinity of the first phase of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1182.73,"endTime":1185.88,"body":"this road, which was called the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1186.21,"endTime":1189.66,"body":"Norwich northern distributor"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1186.21,"endTime":1189.66,"body":"road that ran around the wood"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1189.66,"endTime":1192.18,"body":"does what it says on the tin ran"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1189.66,"endTime":1192.18,"body":"around the northern edge of of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1192.18,"endTime":1195.36,"body":"Norwich. And when we went back"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1192.18,"endTime":1195.36,"body":"to look for those post"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1195.36,"endTime":1198.33,"body":"construction, we couldn't find"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1195.36,"endTime":1198.33,"body":"barber styles and those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1198.33,"endTime":1202.26,"body":"woodlands and that was pretty"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1198.33,"endTime":1202.26,"body":"concerning. And I think those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1202.26,"endTime":1205.41,"body":"colonies, least one of those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1202.26,"endTime":1205.41,"body":"would have been part of this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1205.41,"endTime":1210.0,"body":"super colony. And they don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1205.41,"endTime":1210.0,"body":"appear to be there anymore. The"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1210.0,"endTime":1214.17,"body":"road went directly through one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1210.0,"endTime":1214.17,"body":"woodland, where you'd, you'd"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1214.17,"endTime":1218.34,"body":"expect a pretty catastrophic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1214.17,"endTime":1218.34,"body":"impact. They're actually slight,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1218.34,"endTime":1221.28,"body":"slight tangent, but bizarrely,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1218.34,"endTime":1221.28,"body":"when we went there to trap, it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1221.28,"endTime":1224.34,"body":"was eerily quiet. I mean, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1221.28,"endTime":1224.34,"body":"woodland still sort of looks"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1224.34,"endTime":1227.76,"body":"okay. But very, very quiet. We"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1224.34,"endTime":1227.76,"body":"didn't even hear about on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1227.76,"endTime":1231.12,"body":"detector till gone midnight, one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1227.76,"endTime":1231.12,"body":"bat, the first bat. So something"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1231.12,"endTime":1234.66,"body":"very strange going on there. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1231.12,"endTime":1234.66,"body":"there are these indirect impacts"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1234.66,"endTime":1239.19,"body":"that we're yet to really fully"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1234.66,"endTime":1239.19,"body":"unpick. But the other colony,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1239.25,"endTime":1241.56,"body":"which we think probably would be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1239.25,"endTime":1241.56,"body":"in part of this super colony,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1242.13,"endTime":1246.15,"body":"was about two and a half"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1242.13,"endTime":1246.15,"body":"kilometres from that road. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1246.18,"endTime":1250.29,"body":"we're concerned that the road"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1246.18,"endTime":1250.29,"body":"would not just impact directly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1250.29,"endTime":1253.23,"body":"on the colonists and this would,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1250.29,"endTime":1253.23,"body":"but it's also going to have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1253.23,"endTime":1255.96,"body":"knock on effects on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1253.23,"endTime":1255.96,"body":"neighbouring colonies that are,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1255.99,"endTime":1258.12,"body":"you know, within that two and a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1255.99,"endTime":1258.12,"body":"half kilometre range."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1258.84,"endTime":1261.6,"body":"So that road, which"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1258.84,"endTime":1261.6,"body":"has been built, did they know"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1261.6,"endTime":1263.76,"body":"that the bats were there, and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1261.6,"endTime":1263.76,"body":"did they try and mitigate for"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1263.76,"endTime":1264.18,"body":"that?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1264.99,"endTime":1267.27,"body":"Yes, they've done"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1264.99,"endTime":1267.27,"body":"surveys beforehand, they were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1267.27,"endTime":1271.35,"body":"aware of the barbastelle"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1267.27,"endTime":1271.35,"body":"colonies that were there. So the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1271.35,"endTime":1274.89,"body":"main mitigation seems to have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1271.35,"endTime":1274.89,"body":"been road crossing structures."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1275.22,"endTime":1278.34,"body":"So there's a green bridge, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1275.22,"endTime":1278.34,"body":"there's some gantries and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1278.34,"endTime":1280.92,"body":"there's an underpass. And that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1278.34,"endTime":1280.92,"body":"something that's been really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1280.92,"endTime":1283.92,"body":"interesting from our radio"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1280.92,"endTime":1283.92,"body":"tracking is that we've seen"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1283.95,"endTime":1287.73,"body":"barbastelles crossing that road,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1283.95,"endTime":1287.73,"body":"we've recorded multiple"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1287.73,"endTime":1290.85,"body":"barbastelles from the colonies"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1287.73,"endTime":1290.85,"body":"crossing that road. So I don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1290.85,"endTime":1294.18,"body":"think the road is a barrier to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1290.85,"endTime":1294.18,"body":"barbastelles. Because they have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1294.18,"endTime":1297.12,"body":"such large home ranges, they've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1294.18,"endTime":1297.12,"body":"got to cross the road somewhere."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1298.05,"endTime":1300.3,"body":"But it's clear that they were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1298.05,"endTime":1300.3,"body":"having to track quite a long way"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1300.45,"endTime":1303.21,"body":"along it before they could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1300.45,"endTime":1303.21,"body":"cross. So potentially, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1303.21,"endTime":1306.0,"body":"increasing their the time"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1303.21,"endTime":1306.0,"body":"they're having to spend"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1306.0,"endTime":1309.72,"body":"commuting. And then they were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1306.0,"endTime":1309.72,"body":"crossing multiple bats,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1309.72,"endTime":1312.48,"body":"different years, different"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1309.72,"endTime":1312.48,"body":"colonies crossing at the same"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1312.48,"endTime":1315.84,"body":"very specific features on that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1312.48,"endTime":1315.84,"body":"road. Unfortunately, none of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1315.84,"endTime":1320.01,"body":"those were the designated bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1315.84,"endTime":1320.01,"body":"mitigation crossing structures."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1320.16,"endTime":1322.23,"body":"I mean, it's kind of obvious"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1320.16,"endTime":1322.23,"body":"they were crossing where the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1322.23,"endTime":1325.35,"body":"vegetation comes as close as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1322.23,"endTime":1325.35,"body":"possible to the edge of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1325.35,"endTime":1328.65,"body":"road. And it's sort of leaning"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1325.35,"endTime":1328.65,"body":"over. So they're really having"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1328.65,"endTime":1333.03,"body":"the narrowest possible dash"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1328.65,"endTime":1333.03,"body":"across the road. So that's been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1333.03,"endTime":1335.79,"body":"something that's been quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1333.03,"endTime":1335.79,"body":"interesting to observe from the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1335.82,"endTime":1339.78,"body":"from the radio tracking data."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1335.82,"endTime":1339.78,"body":"And the concern is that they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1339.78,"endTime":1343.92,"body":"proposing much the same sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1339.78,"endTime":1343.92,"body":"approaches for the for this road"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1343.92,"endTime":1347.4,"body":"here, the extension of that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1343.92,"endTime":1347.4,"body":"road. And given what we've seen"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1347.49,"endTime":1351.03,"body":"on the NDR, the Northern"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1347.49,"endTime":1351.03,"body":"Distributor Road, with very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1351.09,"endTime":1353.46,"body":"worried about what impact this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1351.09,"endTime":1353.46,"body":"is going to have on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1353.46,"endTime":1356.55,"body":"barbastelles colonies here, that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1353.46,"endTime":1356.55,"body":"you know, the evidence is there."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1356.94,"endTime":1359.76,"body":"And yet there seems to be this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1356.94,"endTime":1359.76,"body":"insistence to plough on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1359.91,"endTime":1360.84,"body":"regardless, so..."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1361.47,"endTime":1364.08,"body":"The road that they're"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1361.47,"endTime":1364.08,"body":"proposing is a dual carriageway,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1364.08,"endTime":1366.12,"body":"in either direction that is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1364.08,"endTime":1366.12,"body":"gonna be under four miles in"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1366.12,"endTime":1367.98,"body":"length. And we know that"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1366.12,"endTime":1367.98,"body":"barbastelles perhaps will"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1367.98,"endTime":1371.91,"body":"commute 12 miles if not more,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1367.98,"endTime":1371.91,"body":"why is it going to have such"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1372.03,"endTime":1375.12,"body":"high impact when the majority of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1372.03,"endTime":1375.12,"body":"the woodland is going to remain?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1375.0,"endTime":1378.87,"body":"I think we need to move"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1375.0,"endTime":1378.87,"body":"away from just focusing on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1378.99,"endTime":1382.14,"body":"individual roost trees in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1378.99,"endTime":1382.14,"body":"particular. But even just the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1382.14,"endTime":1384.93,"body":"individual woodlands, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1382.14,"endTime":1384.93,"body":"these really are bats of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1384.93,"endTime":1388.26,"body":"landscape. They've got large"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1384.93,"endTime":1388.26,"body":"home ranges. They're not here"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1388.26,"endTime":1390.57,"body":"because of an individual roost"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1388.26,"endTime":1390.57,"body":"tree. They're probably not here"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1390.57,"endTime":1394.08,"body":"because an individual woodland,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1390.57,"endTime":1394.08,"body":"I think barbastelles will be a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1394.08,"endTime":1397.41,"body":"lot more common, if all they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1394.08,"endTime":1397.41,"body":"needed was a bit of flaking bark"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1397.47,"endTime":1400.86,"body":"on a tree somewhere. So yeah, so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1397.47,"endTime":1400.86,"body":"here, there's obviously the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1400.86,"endTime":1406.35,"body":"direct habitat loss, direct loss"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1400.86,"endTime":1406.35,"body":"of reuse trees on the path, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1406.35,"endTime":1409.74,"body":"road, but the woodland as a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1406.35,"endTime":1409.74,"body":"whole is going to be fragmented."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1409.77,"endTime":1414.75,"body":"There'll be noise, light"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1409.77,"endTime":1414.75,"body":"vibration, very likely reduction"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1414.75,"endTime":1419.97,"body":"in insect numbers. Pollution,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1414.75,"endTime":1419.97,"body":"there's just yeah, this sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1419.97,"endTime":1424.83,"body":"gradual degradation that happens"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1419.97,"endTime":1424.83,"body":"around the roads. But then, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1424.83,"endTime":1429.48,"body":"know, the road cuts right across"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1424.83,"endTime":1429.48,"body":"the river Wensum. And that is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1429.57,"endTime":1433.11,"body":"the main commuting route for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1429.57,"endTime":1433.11,"body":"bats from all three of these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1433.56,"endTime":1436.77,"body":"core colonies that we've been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1433.56,"endTime":1436.77,"body":"studying intensively. So that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1436.77,"endTime":1440.58,"body":"really is their sort of main"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1436.77,"endTime":1440.58,"body":"highway there. They forage a lot"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1440.58,"endTime":1443.52,"body":"along the river as well over the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1440.58,"endTime":1443.52,"body":"marshes. So obviously, there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1443.52,"endTime":1448.32,"body":"going to be a big impact on on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1443.52,"endTime":1448.32,"body":"that feature for them. And then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1448.32,"endTime":1451.14,"body":"it also cuts across farmland, so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1448.32,"endTime":1451.14,"body":"it will cut across the farmland"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1451.2,"endTime":1455.07,"body":"next to us here. That's a key"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1451.2,"endTime":1455.07,"body":"area they use for foraging. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1455.07,"endTime":1457.05,"body":"obviously the woodlands"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1455.07,"endTime":1457.05,"body":"themselves they're you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1457.05,"endTime":1459.96,"body":"here they're using this not just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1457.05,"endTime":1459.96,"body":"for roosting but they're they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1459.96,"endTime":1463.26,"body":"foraging here is where the young"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1459.96,"endTime":1463.26,"body":"when they emerge from the roots"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1463.44,"endTime":1466.44,"body":"are learning to fly in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1463.44,"endTime":1466.44,"body":"shelter when the weather's bad."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1466.44,"endTime":1470.22,"body":"They'll stay in the woods to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1466.44,"endTime":1470.22,"body":"forage. So it's really just sort"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1470.22,"endTime":1473.31,"body":"of carving up the landscape. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1470.22,"endTime":1473.31,"body":"they're using really all the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1473.31,"endTime":1476.88,"body":"habitats along this road. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1473.31,"endTime":1476.88,"body":"so it's a lot more than the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1477.21,"endTime":1480.69,"body":"direct footprint of the road. It"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1477.21,"endTime":1480.69,"body":"has all these sort of knock on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1480.96,"endTime":1483.36,"body":"indirect effects on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1480.96,"endTime":1483.36,"body":"surrounding habitat. So you end"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1483.36,"endTime":1488.1,"body":"up with a much, much larger area"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1483.36,"endTime":1488.1,"body":"that becomes far less suitable"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1488.1,"endTime":1491.43,"body":"for use by barbastelles. So it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1488.1,"endTime":1491.43,"body":"probably doesn't happen"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1491.43,"endTime":1494.76,"body":"overnight. It's probably a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1491.43,"endTime":1494.76,"body":"gradual process. But the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1494.76,"endTime":1498.6,"body":"evidence that's out there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1494.76,"endTime":1498.6,"body":"suggests that this will have a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1498.6,"endTime":1502.32,"body":"really serious impact. It's on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1498.6,"endTime":1502.32,"body":"these colonies. And yeah, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1502.71,"endTime":1504.63,"body":"the most important area in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1502.71,"endTime":1504.63,"body":"country probably for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1504.63,"endTime":1508.44,"body":"barbastelles. So I think it'd be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1504.63,"endTime":1508.44,"body":"pretty catastrophic if this goes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1508.44,"endTime":1508.89,"body":"ahead."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1511.05,"endTime":1514.38,"body":"So the proposals show"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1511.05,"endTime":1514.38,"body":"that they are going to try and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1514.38,"endTime":1516.96,"body":"mitigate for for the colonists,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1514.38,"endTime":1516.96,"body":"you know, they're proposing"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1517.2,"endTime":1521.61,"body":"several green bridges, viaducts"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1517.2,"endTime":1521.61,"body":"back underpasses. They've"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1521.61,"endTime":1524.55,"body":"acknowledged that bat gantries"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1521.61,"endTime":1524.55,"body":"aren't perhaps as successful as"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1524.61,"endTime":1527.1,"body":"once thought, and they've moved"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1524.61,"endTime":1527.1,"body":"away from the idea of those"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1527.13,"endTime":1530.52,"body":"those big gantries or bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1527.13,"endTime":1530.52,"body":"bridges. Why is all that other"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1530.52,"endTime":1532.98,"body":"mitigation which we think is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1530.52,"endTime":1532.98,"body":"more suitable? Why is that"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1532.98,"endTime":1536.49,"body":"mitigation not enough? And what"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1532.98,"endTime":1536.49,"body":"mitigation would you think is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1536.49,"endTime":1537.0,"body":"appropriate?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1538.26,"endTime":1541.35,"body":"Yeah, it's a good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1538.26,"endTime":1541.35,"body":"question. I think the thing is,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1541.65,"endTime":1544.92,"body":"it's very simplistic in terms"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1541.65,"endTime":1544.92,"body":"of, let's just make sure the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1544.92,"endTime":1548.34,"body":"bats can cross the road. That's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1544.92,"endTime":1548.34,"body":"only a small part of what the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1548.34,"endTime":1552.36,"body":"problem is here. So the idea"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1548.34,"endTime":1552.36,"body":"with those mitigation crossing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1552.36,"endTime":1555.54,"body":"structures is to avoid"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1552.36,"endTime":1555.54,"body":"barbastelle collisions with with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1555.54,"endTime":1558.72,"body":"vehicles to try and get them to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1555.54,"endTime":1558.72,"body":"cross at a safe height. As I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1558.72,"endTime":1561.18,"body":"said, we've seen on the northern"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1558.72,"endTime":1561.18,"body":"distributor road that they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1561.18,"endTime":1564.78,"body":"aren't using those including the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1561.18,"endTime":1564.78,"body":"green bridge. I think there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1564.78,"endTime":1568.71,"body":"also a danger that things get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1564.78,"endTime":1568.71,"body":"treated in the same way when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1568.71,"endTime":1571.53,"body":"they're not necessarily the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1568.71,"endTime":1571.53,"body":"same. So there is evidence that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1571.53,"endTime":1574.68,"body":"green bridges can work. For some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1571.53,"endTime":1574.68,"body":"bat species, I'm not sure that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1574.68,"endTime":1577.68,"body":"there's direct evidence out"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1574.68,"endTime":1577.68,"body":"there for barbastelles. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1577.71,"endTime":1581.22,"body":"those green bridges that have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1577.71,"endTime":1581.22,"body":"had some success, look nothing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1581.22,"endTime":1585.42,"body":"like the green bridge that's on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1581.22,"endTime":1585.42,"body":"the northern distributor road."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1586.02,"endTime":1589.02,"body":"So you know, if you're clearing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1586.02,"endTime":1589.02,"body":"the vegetation way back, you're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1589.02,"endTime":1592.44,"body":"sticking a bridge in that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1589.02,"endTime":1592.44,"body":"really exposed over the top, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1592.44,"endTime":1594.84,"body":"then you're sticking a load of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1592.44,"endTime":1594.84,"body":"hedge whips in that then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1594.87,"endTime":1598.08,"body":"invariably perish because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1594.87,"endTime":1598.08,"body":"they're not looked after. That's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1598.08,"endTime":1600.96,"body":"not a green bridge. You can call"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1598.08,"endTime":1600.96,"body":"it green bridge, but it's not a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1600.96,"endTime":1604.35,"body":"green bridge. So we've got to be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1600.96,"endTime":1604.35,"body":"really careful what we mean when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1604.35,"endTime":1607.8,"body":"we say green bridge, because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1604.35,"endTime":1607.8,"body":"they're not all created equal."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1608.34,"endTime":1611.31,"body":"And you know, to do them"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1608.34,"endTime":1611.31,"body":"properly, and to have any chance"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1611.31,"endTime":1613.44,"body":"of them having some sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1611.31,"endTime":1613.44,"body":"effectiveness, they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1613.44,"endTime":1617.1,"body":"incredibly expensive to do. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1613.44,"endTime":1617.1,"body":"that's why they get sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1617.1,"endTime":1619.11,"body":"corners a cut, and you end up"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1617.1,"endTime":1619.11,"body":"with something that's really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1619.11,"endTime":1622.44,"body":"just a bridge, not a green"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1619.11,"endTime":1622.44,"body":"bridge. Again, I know there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1622.44,"endTime":1625.65,"body":"been some success with things"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1622.44,"endTime":1625.65,"body":"like underpasses as well. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1625.83,"endTime":1629.4,"body":"that's not what we've seen on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1625.83,"endTime":1629.4,"body":"the northern distributor road"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1629.4,"endTime":1633.57,"body":"here. I think something that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1629.4,"endTime":1633.57,"body":"interesting, that we weren't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1633.57,"endTime":1636.93,"body":"looking at directly, but we've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1633.57,"endTime":1636.93,"body":"sort of learned from studying"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1636.93,"endTime":1639.81,"body":"the barbastelles here is the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1636.93,"endTime":1639.81,"body":"literature often seems to say"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1639.81,"endTime":1642.96,"body":"that there are high flying"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1639.81,"endTime":1642.96,"body":"species. And so I think the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1642.96,"endTime":1645.72,"body":"assumption was that, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1642.96,"endTime":1645.72,"body":"the risk of them colliding with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1645.72,"endTime":1649.8,"body":"vehicles is, is fairly low. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1645.72,"endTime":1649.8,"body":"what we've seen repeatedly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1649.8,"endTime":1652.98,"body":"because we're, we're trapping"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1649.8,"endTime":1652.98,"body":"with Miss nets, on fly aways,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1652.98,"endTime":1655.38,"body":"we're not using lose, we're not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1652.98,"endTime":1655.38,"body":"doing anything to pull them down"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1655.38,"endTime":1658.86,"body":"to a lower level. But typically,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1655.38,"endTime":1658.86,"body":"we're catching them at two"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1658.86,"endTime":1663.03,"body":"metres or under. So that is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1658.86,"endTime":1663.03,"body":"prime vehicle collision height."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1663.63,"endTime":1666.72,"body":"And also, we often actually cite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1663.63,"endTime":1666.72,"body":"them when we're out radio"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1666.72,"endTime":1670.56,"body":"tracking, either because there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1666.72,"endTime":1670.56,"body":"some moonlight or we use"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1670.59,"endTime":1673.53,"body":"infrared cameras and with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1670.59,"endTime":1673.53,"body":"detectors, so we actually can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1673.56,"endTime":1676.89,"body":"often see up the bat we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1673.56,"endTime":1676.89,"body":"tracking and they're not flying"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1676.89,"endTime":1680.37,"body":"way up high in the sky, they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1676.89,"endTime":1680.37,"body":"flying low down. So that is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1680.37,"endTime":1685.2,"body":"problem. And I think one of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1680.37,"endTime":1685.2,"body":"latest potential mitigation"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1685.2,"endTime":1688.62,"body":"measures, they've mentioned that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1685.2,"endTime":1688.62,"body":"these popovers there's so this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1688.62,"endTime":1691.89,"body":"idea of keeping the vegetation"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1688.62,"endTime":1691.89,"body":"close to the edge of the road,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1692.43,"endTime":1696.63,"body":"and having sort of some overhang"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1692.43,"endTime":1696.63,"body":"to help the bounce across. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1696.63,"endTime":1699.72,"body":"from what we've seen that on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1696.63,"endTime":1699.72,"body":"paper sounds good and sounds"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1699.72,"endTime":1702.0,"body":"like it would be something they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1699.72,"endTime":1702.0,"body":"they could use and we know they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1702.0,"endTime":1705.69,"body":"use features like that. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1702.0,"endTime":1705.69,"body":"there's no evidence to suggest"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1705.72,"endTime":1709.14,"body":"that they're actually going to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1705.72,"endTime":1709.14,"body":"cross high up there. You know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1709.17,"endTime":1711.99,"body":"what we've seen is that they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1709.17,"endTime":1711.99,"body":"cross lowdown, and have been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1711.99,"endTime":1716.79,"body":"some studies in Europe that have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1711.99,"endTime":1716.79,"body":"shown that in back carcass"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1716.79,"endTime":1720.57,"body":"searches alongside of roads,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1716.79,"endTime":1720.57,"body":"looking for bats have been hit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1720.57,"endTime":1724.74,"body":"by cars, the barber cells can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1720.57,"endTime":1724.74,"body":"show up disproportionately given"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1724.74,"endTime":1728.16,"body":"their rarity in those searches,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1724.74,"endTime":1728.16,"body":"which would suggest they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1728.16,"endTime":1731.58,"body":"potentially more vulnerable. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1728.16,"endTime":1731.58,"body":"certainly, what we're learning"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1731.58,"endTime":1734.22,"body":"about their flight heights would"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1731.58,"endTime":1734.22,"body":"suggest that they are going to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1734.22,"endTime":1736.2,"body":"be very vulnerable to those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1734.22,"endTime":1736.2,"body":"collisions."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1737.32,"endTime":1739.42,"body":"I mean, I've noticed"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1737.32,"endTime":1739.42,"body":"that you know, I do commercial"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1739.42,"endTime":1742.15,"body":"trapping projects around the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1739.42,"endTime":1742.15,"body":"country and I say well you know,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1742.15,"endTime":1744.64,"body":"we use mist nets and not using"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1742.15,"endTime":1744.64,"body":"lures on mist nets and we're"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1744.64,"endTime":1747.28,"body":"getting them in those bottom two"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1744.64,"endTime":1747.28,"body":"pockets of the mist net right"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1747.28,"endTime":1749.8,"body":"down at the ground. Has anybody"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1747.28,"endTime":1749.8,"body":"done any studies or has anybody"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1749.8,"endTime":1752.23,"body":"got any ideas as to why they fly"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1749.8,"endTime":1752.23,"body":"so low down?"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1753.41,"endTime":1756.05,"body":"Not that I'm"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1753.41,"endTime":1756.05,"body":"aware of no, I mean, I'm"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1756.05,"endTime":1759.44,"body":"guessing that well when they're"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1756.05,"endTime":1759.44,"body":"in the woodland, the canopy is"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1759.44,"endTime":1761.78,"body":"often quite low. So that makes"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1759.44,"endTime":1761.78,"body":"sense that they're they're"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1761.78,"endTime":1764.15,"body":"flying low, it's nice and"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1761.78,"endTime":1764.15,"body":"sheltered. If they're following"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1764.15,"endTime":1767.15,"body":"a tree line or hedge line, those"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1764.15,"endTime":1767.15,"body":"features are often low if they"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1767.15,"endTime":1770.0,"body":"want to be under them and in the"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1767.15,"endTime":1770.0,"body":"shelter of them. And it may well"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1770.0,"endTime":1773.48,"body":"be that their food. So we know"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1770.0,"endTime":1773.48,"body":"they actually quite a range of"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1773.48,"endTime":1777.41,"body":"insects, but moths are often a"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1773.48,"endTime":1777.41,"body":"big chunk of that. So"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1777.41,"endTime":1780.65,"body":"potentially the species that"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1777.41,"endTime":1780.65,"body":"they're after for for feeding"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1780.89,"endTime":1784.37,"body":"are low down. So yeah, I'm not"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1780.89,"endTime":1784.37,"body":"sure where this idea that"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1784.37,"endTime":1787.25,"body":"they're high fliers has come"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1784.37,"endTime":1787.25,"body":"from but it's certainly not been"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1787.37,"endTime":1791.15,"body":"our experience here. And also"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1787.37,"endTime":1791.15,"body":"they're often described as a"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1791.54,"endTime":1794.63,"body":"late emerging species. And"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1791.54,"endTime":1794.63,"body":"that's also not been our"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1794.63,"endTime":1798.35,"body":"experience here. We're we're"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1794.63,"endTime":1798.35,"body":"often recording them. Pretty"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1798.35,"endTime":1801.56,"body":"soon after sunset. Sometimes you"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1798.35,"endTime":1801.56,"body":"even occasionally before sunset,"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1802.22,"endTime":1804.86,"body":"and they can be quite variable."},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1802.22,"endTime":1804.86,"body":"But there's just so much other"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1804.86,"endTime":1808.7,"body":"things that we're learning as we"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1804.86,"endTime":1808.7,"body":"go along. And also, I mean, even"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1808.7,"endTime":1811.91,"body":"things like dispersal. So I"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1808.7,"endTime":1811.91,"body":"think we always assume the"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1811.91,"endTime":1815.06,"body":"females must stay and return the"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1811.91,"endTime":1815.06,"body":"juvenile females to the"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1815.06,"endTime":1818.45,"body":"maternity colonies. And it's"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1815.06,"endTime":1818.45,"body":"probably the males that are"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1818.48,"endTime":1822.38,"body":"dispersing. But the juvenile"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1818.48,"endTime":1822.38,"body":"males that we bring to these"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1822.38,"endTime":1826.73,"body":"colonies, we are catching a year"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1822.38,"endTime":1826.73,"body":"later, back in the maternity"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1826.73,"endTime":1829.13,"body":"woodlands, which I think is"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1826.73,"endTime":1829.13,"body":"quite interesting, which"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1829.25,"endTime":1833.75,"body":"suggests potentially that they"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1829.25,"endTime":1833.75,"body":"are not dispersing. But then"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1833.81,"endTime":1837.29,"body":"potentially, that's not where"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1833.81,"endTime":1837.29,"body":"meetings happening. So we had a"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1837.29,"endTime":1840.77,"body":"really interesting phenomenon."},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1837.29,"endTime":1840.77,"body":"Last season, we were tracking"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1840.77,"endTime":1844.1,"body":"later than usual and you know,"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1840.77,"endTime":1844.1,"body":"sort of further into the end of"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1844.1,"endTime":1848.03,"body":"the season than we usually do."},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1844.1,"endTime":1848.03,"body":"And we have bats tag"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1848.03,"endTime":1853.22,"body":"simultaneously from the three"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1848.03,"endTime":1853.22,"body":"core study colonies. And all of"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1853.22,"endTime":1858.38,"body":"our bats ended up at the same"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1853.22,"endTime":1858.38,"body":"site. Were out of range, normal"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1858.38,"endTime":1862.46,"body":"range for most of them. But they"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1858.38,"endTime":1862.46,"body":"all converged in the different"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1862.46,"endTime":1865.46,"body":"colonies on this one area, which"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1862.46,"endTime":1865.46,"body":"suggests to me that that's"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1865.46,"endTime":1869.12,"body":"potentially you know, maybe a"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1865.46,"endTime":1869.12,"body":"swarming or mating site. So"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1869.12,"endTime":1871.61,"body":"perhaps it doesn't matter if the"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1869.12,"endTime":1871.61,"body":"male's dispersed from the"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1871.64,"endTime":1875.06,"body":"maternity woodlands, if all the"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1871.64,"endTime":1875.06,"body":"colonies in the area are going"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1875.06,"endTime":1878.15,"body":"to a specific site to mate, then"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1875.06,"endTime":1878.15,"body":"that's perhaps where the genetic"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1878.18,"endTime":1881.87,"body":"mixings happening. So I'm"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1878.18,"endTime":1881.87,"body":"digressing. But there's just all"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1881.87,"endTime":1883.85,"body":"these interesting little nuggets"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1881.87,"endTime":1883.85,"body":"that we're picking up along the"},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":1883.85,"endTime":1885.86,"body":"way from from the data."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1886.52,"endTime":1888.59,"body":"Well, since you've"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1886.52,"endTime":1888.59,"body":"gone off on the tangent, just to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1888.62,"endTime":1890.99,"body":"pick up I know you've, you've"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1888.62,"endTime":1890.99,"body":"said how many books you've"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1891.02,"endTime":1894.26,"body":"written, How many books have you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1891.02,"endTime":1894.26,"body":"radio tracks at the moment?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1894.87,"endTime":1898.62,"body":"So specifically, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1894.87,"endTime":1898.62,"body":"these three core sites, we've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1898.62,"endTime":1902.7,"body":"now radio tracked? I think it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1898.62,"endTime":1902.7,"body":"about 60 adult female"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1902.88,"endTime":1907.44,"body":"barbastelles. So yeah, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1902.88,"endTime":1907.44,"body":"that's been over four or five"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1907.44,"endTime":1909.9,"body":"seasons. So obviously, this one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1907.44,"endTime":1909.9,"body":"here, we've only been studying"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1909.9,"endTime":1913.14,"body":"relatively recently. Yeah, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1909.9,"endTime":1913.14,"body":"think we're getting quite good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1913.14,"endTime":1915.12,"body":"picture from that number of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1913.14,"endTime":1915.12,"body":"bats."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1916.32,"endTime":1920.16,"body":"So early this year,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1916.32,"endTime":1920.16,"body":"in February, Martin Wilby who's"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1920.16,"endTime":1922.56,"body":"a council cabinet member for"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1920.16,"endTime":1922.56,"body":"highways transport and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1922.56,"endTime":1925.89,"body":"infrastructure, confirmed in a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1922.56,"endTime":1925.89,"body":"previous interview that the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1925.89,"endTime":1929.19,"body":"notable bat activity found in"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1925.89,"endTime":1929.19,"body":"the woodlands in the area of the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1929.19,"endTime":1933.18,"body":"northern end of the proposed"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1929.19,"endTime":1933.18,"body":"road route means that they're"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1933.18,"endTime":1936.45,"body":"currently carrying out work to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1933.18,"endTime":1936.45,"body":"develop mitigation and refine"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1936.6,"endTime":1939.81,"body":"the proposed alignment of the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1936.6,"endTime":1939.81,"body":"new roads to minimise the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1939.81,"endTime":1943.77,"body":"impacts of the scheme on the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1939.81,"endTime":1943.77,"body":"area. Will that alteration in"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1943.77,"endTime":1946.47,"body":"that barbastelle hotspot not"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1943.77,"endTime":1946.47,"body":"solve the issue?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1947.52,"endTime":1950.97,"body":"No, I don't think so."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1947.52,"endTime":1950.97,"body":"It's a very minor tweak to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1950.97,"endTime":1954.69,"body":"route. My understanding is that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1950.97,"endTime":1954.69,"body":"they've done that to avoid one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1954.69,"endTime":1958.35,"body":"specific route tree that the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1954.69,"endTime":1958.35,"body":"council's contract has found."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1959.04,"endTime":1961.89,"body":"But there are many roost trees"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1959.04,"endTime":1961.89,"body":"here. There's another roost tree"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1961.89,"endTime":1965.16,"body":"that's actually directly on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1961.89,"endTime":1965.16,"body":"path of the road, which they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1965.16,"endTime":1969.03,"body":"haven't found in their surveys."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1965.16,"endTime":1969.03,"body":"I don't think so. Yeah, this is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1969.06,"endTime":1971.85,"body":"cosmetic. Unfortunately, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1969.06,"endTime":1971.85,"body":"not going to make any"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1971.85,"endTime":1974.25,"body":"fundamental difference. It's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1971.85,"endTime":1974.25,"body":"still coming through these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1974.25,"endTime":1976.98,"body":"woodlands. It's still coming"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1974.25,"endTime":1976.98,"body":"right through the core, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1976.98,"endTime":1979.44,"body":"know, that core of the core"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1976.98,"endTime":1979.44,"body":"sustenance zones for the for the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1979.44,"endTime":1983.76,"body":"super colony. Yeah, I can't see"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1979.44,"endTime":1983.76,"body":"that. That's other than avoiding"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1983.76,"endTime":1986.52,"body":"one individual roost tree, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1983.76,"endTime":1986.52,"body":"think it's sort of missing the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1986.52,"endTime":1988.8,"body":"point to think that that's going"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1986.52,"endTime":1988.8,"body":"to make any difference really."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1989.62,"endTime":1991.33,"body":"And again, I can't"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1989.62,"endTime":1991.33,"body":"remember if it was the same"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1991.33,"endTime":1993.43,"body":"interview or a different one."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1991.33,"endTime":1993.43,"body":"But you said that the council"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1993.43,"endTime":1996.97,"body":"have chosen the had chosen the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1993.43,"endTime":1996.97,"body":"route before undertaking bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1996.97,"endTime":2000.51,"body":"surveys, have they said why they"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1996.97,"endTime":2000.51,"body":"didn't follow the best practice"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2000.51,"endTime":2003.75,"body":"guidance and an undertaken bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2000.51,"endTime":2003.75,"body":"trapping surveys, which is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2003.75,"endTime":2005.82,"body":"pretty standard for large"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2003.75,"endTime":2005.82,"body":"infrastructure projects. Have"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2005.82,"endTime":2007.71,"body":"they said why they didn't do"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2005.82,"endTime":2007.71,"body":"that from the outset?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2009.0,"endTime":2012.3,"body":"No, we haven't got a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2009.0,"endTime":2012.3,"body":"clear response on that. I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2012.3,"endTime":2015.6,"body":"the issue that that was apparent"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2012.3,"endTime":2015.6,"body":"was that they had a shortlist of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2015.6,"endTime":2019.44,"body":"potential routes. And they had"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2015.6,"endTime":2019.44,"body":"selected this specific route"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2019.47,"endTime":2023.16,"body":"without doing the detailed bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2019.47,"endTime":2023.16,"body":"surveys on it. So as I said, if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2023.16,"endTime":2025.65,"body":"they if they had done the proper"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2023.16,"endTime":2025.65,"body":"surveys, it would have been very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2025.65,"endTime":2028.47,"body":"apparent very quickly that there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2025.65,"endTime":2028.47,"body":"was a barbastelle maternity"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2028.47,"endTime":2032.28,"body":"colony in this woodland. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2028.47,"endTime":2032.28,"body":"usually, that would have been a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2032.31,"endTime":2035.31,"body":"complete game changer. And they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2032.31,"endTime":2035.31,"body":"would have said, okay, great, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2035.31,"endTime":2038.52,"body":"need to go back to the drawing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2035.31,"endTime":2038.52,"body":"board. I think the difficulty"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2038.52,"endTime":2042.69,"body":"they've got themselves into now"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2038.52,"endTime":2042.69,"body":"is they've pressed ahead with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2042.69,"endTime":2047.13,"body":"the road plans, and then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2042.69,"endTime":2047.13,"body":"retrospectively have sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2047.13,"endTime":2051.39,"body":"scrambled to try and get the bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2047.13,"endTime":2051.39,"body":"survey data together. And now,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2051.66,"endTime":2054.6,"body":"they are slowly starting to find"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2051.66,"endTime":2054.6,"body":"things that are a little bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2054.6,"endTime":2057.42,"body":"inconvenient for them, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2054.6,"endTime":2057.42,"body":"still a problem that they've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2057.42,"endTime":2059.94,"body":"only really scratched the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2057.42,"endTime":2059.94,"body":"surface in terms of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2059.94,"endTime":2062.37,"body":"significance of the colonies"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2059.94,"endTime":2062.37,"body":"here. So they're, the colony"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2062.37,"endTime":2066.36,"body":"counts are much lower than the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2062.37,"endTime":2066.36,"body":"counts that we've had here, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2066.36,"endTime":2069.48,"body":"at the other sites, actually. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2066.36,"endTime":2069.48,"body":"there's a lot that's missing."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2070.32,"endTime":2072.9,"body":"But they have at least"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2070.32,"endTime":2072.9,"body":"acknowledged now, which was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2073.08,"endTime":2075.81,"body":"flatly denied in the early days"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2073.08,"endTime":2075.81,"body":"that there is a maternity colony"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2075.81,"endTime":2078.9,"body":"and this word, albeit that they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2075.81,"endTime":2078.9,"body":"they haven't really captured the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2078.9,"endTime":2081.21,"body":"full numbers and the full"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2078.9,"endTime":2081.21,"body":"significance."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2082.39,"endTime":2085.69,"body":"So given that you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2082.39,"endTime":2085.69,"body":"found this the super colony and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2085.72,"endTime":2088.24,"body":"you find a more data new"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2085.72,"endTime":2088.24,"body":"information all the time and it"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2088.3,"endTime":2091.0,"body":"does appear that it's a large"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2088.3,"endTime":2091.0,"body":"population, you know, what are"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2091.0,"endTime":2094.66,"body":"the local designations like is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2091.0,"endTime":2094.66,"body":"the area designated, how many"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2094.66,"endTime":2097.42,"body":"other trippler size rescues have"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2094.66,"endTime":2097.42,"body":"you got in this area?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2097.0,"endTime":2101.35,"body":"So there's quite a big"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2097.0,"endTime":2101.35,"body":"gap. here for that. So this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2101.35,"endTime":2105.16,"body":"woodland here is county wildlife"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2101.35,"endTime":2105.16,"body":"site. And that's overseen and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2105.16,"endTime":2108.07,"body":"administered by Norfolk Wildlife"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2105.16,"endTime":2108.07,"body":"Trust, who are actually working"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2108.07,"endTime":2111.49,"body":"for at the moment for for six"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2108.07,"endTime":2111.49,"body":"months doing this research. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2111.49,"endTime":2115.03,"body":"yeah, there there aren't many"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2111.49,"endTime":2115.03,"body":"SSSIs and there's only actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2115.03,"endTime":2116.86,"body":"despite Norfolk being a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2115.03,"endTime":2116.86,"body":"stronghold for barbastelles"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2116.86,"endTime":2120.85,"body":"there's only actually one SAC"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2116.86,"endTime":2120.85,"body":"designated for barbastelles in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2120.85,"endTime":2124.42,"body":"Norfolk. And that's Paston Barn"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2120.85,"endTime":2124.42,"body":"that Jane Harris talked about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2124.42,"endTime":2128.38,"body":"before on this podcast. So we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2124.42,"endTime":2128.38,"body":"really would like to see this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2128.38,"endTime":2132.28,"body":"area designated as a barbastelle"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2128.38,"endTime":2132.28,"body":"SAC. As I said, it's probably"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2132.28,"endTime":2134.17,"body":"the most important area in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2132.28,"endTime":2134.17,"body":"country. For them, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2134.17,"endTime":2137.8,"body":"absolutely crying out for some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2134.17,"endTime":2137.8,"body":"protection. Most of it isn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2137.83,"endTime":2143.11,"body":"even SSSI. So it is scarily"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2137.83,"endTime":2143.11,"body":"under protected at the moment."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2143.11,"endTime":2145.57,"body":"So that's something we'd really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2143.11,"endTime":2145.57,"body":"like to encourage Natural"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2145.57,"endTime":2146.47,"body":"England to look at."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2147.15,"endTime":2149.224,"body":"And how difficult is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2147.15,"endTime":2149.224,"body":"it to get those designations in"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2149.264,"endTime":2151.419,"body":"place? Is it a case of you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2149.264,"endTime":2151.419,"body":"present the data to Natural"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2151.459,"endTime":2153.773,"body":"England? Do you know whether"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2151.459,"endTime":2153.773,"body":"you've got enough data at the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2153.813,"endTime":2155.29,"body":"moment to go to them with their data?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2156.43,"endTime":2160.004,"body":"Yeah, so I think it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2156.43,"endTime":2160.004,"body":"clearly a bit of a long process."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2160.07,"endTime":2163.976,"body":"But the huge advantages we've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2160.07,"endTime":2163.976,"body":"got here is we've got so much"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2164.042,"endTime":2168.213,"body":"data about these colonies, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2164.042,"endTime":2168.213,"body":"over, over, you know, a good few"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2168.279,"endTime":2172.317,"body":"years. So we should really have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2168.279,"endTime":2172.317,"body":"all the information that that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2172.383,"endTime":2176.289,"body":"Natural England need in order to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2172.383,"endTime":2176.289,"body":"be able to designate those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2176.355,"endTime":2180.063,"body":"sites. So I hope that should"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2176.355,"endTime":2180.063,"body":"make it a lot easier to get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2180.129,"endTime":2182.38,"body":"these these designations in place."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2182.98,"endTime":2185.26,"body":"Dr. Charlotte"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2182.98,"endTime":2185.26,"body":"Packman. Thank you very much."},{"speaker":"Lotty Packman","startTime":2185.319,"endTime":2190.779,"body":"Thank you."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2190.779,"endTime":2193.082,"body":"Thank you to Lotty"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2190.779,"endTime":2193.082,"body":"for sitting down with me. If"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2193.131,"endTime":2195.974,"body":"you'd like to find out more"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2193.131,"endTime":2195.974,"body":"about the Western link and the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2196.023,"endTime":2198.865,"body":"potential impacts that could"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2196.023,"endTime":2198.865,"body":"have on wildlife, we've put a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2198.914,"endTime":2201.904,"body":"link in the show notes to the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2198.914,"endTime":2201.904,"body":"Norfolk Wildlife Trust. And our"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2201.953,"endTime":2204.845,"body":"own position statement on the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2201.953,"endTime":2204.845,"body":"proposals is also in the show"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2204.894,"endTime":2207.785,"body":"notes too. We've also included a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2204.894,"endTime":2207.785,"body":"link to that other episode"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2207.834,"endTime":2210.873,"body":"mentioned with Jane Harris at"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2207.834,"endTime":2210.873,"body":"the incredible Paston Great Barn"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2210.922,"endTime":2213.863,"body":"site. So do go have a listen to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2210.922,"endTime":2213.863,"body":"that. Please do get in touch"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2213.912,"endTime":2216.608,"body":"with the show to tell us about"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2213.912,"endTime":2216.608,"body":"your bats, a special bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2216.657,"endTime":2219.744,"body":"sighting you had this year, or a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2216.657,"endTime":2219.744,"body":"site you think everyone should"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2219.793,"endTime":2222.587,"body":"visit to go and watch bats."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2219.793,"endTime":2222.587,"body":"Whatever your experience with"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2222.636,"endTime":2225.479,"body":"bats, we really want to hear"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2222.636,"endTime":2225.479,"body":"from you. So do get in touch."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2225.528,"endTime":2228.517,"body":"The voicemail link is in the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2225.528,"endTime":2228.517,"body":"show notes. And don't worry, you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2228.566,"endTime":2231.556,"body":"can hear your message back and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2228.566,"endTime":2231.556,"body":"we record it if you don't like"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2231.605,"endTime":2234.546,"body":"it before sending it to us."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2231.605,"endTime":2234.546,"body":"Messages can be up to 90 seconds"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2234.595,"endTime":2237.437,"body":"long, and we can't wait to hear"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2234.595,"endTime":2237.437,"body":"from you. Next time. We're"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2237.486,"endTime":2240.574,"body":"speaking with one of the legends"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2237.486,"endTime":2240.574,"body":"of the bat world; Tony Hutson."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2240.623,"endTime":2242.29,"body":"So join us then in two weeks time."}]}