{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":4.53,"endTime":7.41,"body":"Hello, and welcome to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":4.53,"endTime":7.41,"body":"BatChat the podcast from the Bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":7.44,"endTime":10.92,"body":"Conservation Trust. I'm Steve"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":7.44,"endTime":10.92,"body":"Roe. And as we head towards the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":10.92,"endTime":14.16,"body":"end of the first series of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":10.92,"endTime":14.16,"body":"BatChat this week, we're hearing"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":14.16,"endTime":17.97,"body":"from Jim Mulholland on the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":14.16,"endTime":17.97,"body":"subject of bats and trees. This"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":17.97,"endTime":20.67,"body":"interview was conducted at the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":17.97,"endTime":20.67,"body":"National Bat Conference back in"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":20.67,"endTime":22.53,"body":"September 2019."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":25.35,"endTime":26.67,"body":"Are you going"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":25.35,"endTime":26.67,"body":"to let me know when I make a"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":26.67,"endTime":27.21,"body":"mistake?"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":27.36,"endTime":33.48,"body":"No! So we've just"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":27.36,"endTime":33.48,"body":"come out the first session at"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":33.48,"endTime":36.48,"body":"the National Bat Conference"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":33.48,"endTime":36.48,"body":"2019. And Jim Mulholland has"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":36.48,"endTime":39.42,"body":"just given a talk about bats in"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":36.48,"endTime":39.42,"body":"trees. So I've just grabbed him,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":39.87,"endTime":42.78,"body":"Jim, for people at home who"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":39.87,"endTime":42.78,"body":"don't know about you, can you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":42.78,"endTime":45.0,"body":"just give us a bit of background"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":42.78,"endTime":45.0,"body":"to yourself how long you've been"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":45.0,"endTime":47.76,"body":"doing that work? Which bat group"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":45.0,"endTime":47.76,"body":"are you from, and do you work"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":47.76,"endTime":48.75,"body":"with bats for a living?"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":49.59,"endTime":51.78,"body":"I've been"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":49.59,"endTime":51.78,"body":"working with bats for the last"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":52.14,"endTime":56.07,"body":"14 years. I started my career in"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":52.14,"endTime":56.07,"body":"ecology and I got a little bit"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":56.07,"endTime":59.13,"body":"fed up of the late nights and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":56.07,"endTime":59.13,"body":"the early mornings. And I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":59.13,"endTime":62.13,"body":"remember vividly waking up at"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":59.13,"endTime":62.13,"body":"two o'clock in the morning,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":62.67,"endTime":65.61,"body":"dragging myself out of bed to do"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":62.67,"endTime":65.61,"body":"a dorm reentry survey and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":65.61,"endTime":68.49,"body":"thoughts is this it is this is"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":65.61,"endTime":68.49,"body":"what my life is going to be in"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":68.49,"endTime":73.14,"body":"a. And so I decided to leave"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":68.49,"endTime":73.14,"body":"ecology I decided to retrain in"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":73.14,"endTime":75.81,"body":"arboriculture. And then I went"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":73.14,"endTime":75.81,"body":"to work as a tree officer for a"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":75.81,"endTime":79.26,"body":"while. And more recently, I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":75.81,"endTime":79.26,"body":"worked for two charities one the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":79.26,"endTime":81.75,"body":"Ancient Tree Forum, which"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":79.26,"endTime":81.75,"body":"combines my knowledge of ecology"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":81.75,"endTime":85.47,"body":"and trees, as well as the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":81.75,"endTime":85.47,"body":"Arboricultural Association where"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":85.5,"endTime":88.41,"body":"again, it's mainly trees, but we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":85.5,"endTime":88.41,"body":"do a bit of ecology, including"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":88.41,"endTime":92.52,"body":"bats as well. So no, I used to"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":88.41,"endTime":92.52,"body":"work with bats, but not really"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":92.52,"endTime":96.63,"body":"anymore. Apart from the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":92.52,"endTime":96.63,"body":"occasional training course I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":96.66,"endTime":99.6,"body":"belong I think I've gone to bat"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":96.66,"endTime":99.6,"body":"group so I belong to the Avon"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":99.6,"endTime":102.27,"body":"bat group and the Wiltshire bat"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":99.6,"endTime":102.27,"body":"group. However, I'm not"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":102.3,"endTime":105.63,"body":"unfortunately for my sins not"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":102.3,"endTime":105.63,"body":"very active with either"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":106.53,"endTime":110.04,"body":"We'll keep that bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":106.53,"endTime":110.04,"body":"quiet! So why trees, what's the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":110.04,"endTime":110.73,"body":"fascination?"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":111.87,"endTime":114.42,"body":"Well trees"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":111.87,"endTime":114.42,"body":"trees are incredible. We taught"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":114.42,"endTime":117.3,"body":"we're here to talk earlier about"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":114.42,"endTime":117.3,"body":"how bats are incredible. And I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":117.3,"endTime":120.24,"body":"completely agree with that. And"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":117.3,"endTime":120.24,"body":"I've always had a fascination"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":120.24,"endTime":123.66,"body":"with living things. And it"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":120.24,"endTime":123.66,"body":"started with mammals. They're"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":123.66,"endTime":128.85,"body":"the kind of more iconic species"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":123.66,"endTime":128.85,"body":"in thinking about the lines. And"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":128.88,"endTime":132.21,"body":"really kind of fantastic species"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":128.88,"endTime":132.21,"body":"are that and it then focus down"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":132.21,"endTime":135.3,"body":"on bats, largely due to my"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":132.21,"endTime":135.3,"body":"wonderful wife, Laura, who got"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":135.3,"endTime":138.27,"body":"me into bats when we were"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":135.3,"endTime":138.27,"body":"studying at university. And it"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":138.27,"endTime":143.04,"body":"led on to trees really just"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":138.27,"endTime":143.04,"body":"because they're the bottom of"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":143.04,"endTime":145.38,"body":"the ecosystem. They're the kind"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":143.04,"endTime":145.38,"body":"of the fundamental driving"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":145.38,"endTime":148.83,"body":"factors, we wouldn't be here"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":145.38,"endTime":148.83,"body":"without trees. My passion now is"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":148.83,"endTime":152.94,"body":"old trees, ancient and other"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":148.83,"endTime":152.94,"body":"veteran trees. And they provide"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":152.94,"endTime":155.67,"body":"the habitat for such a wide"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":152.94,"endTime":155.67,"body":"range of species. You know, in"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":155.67,"endTime":157.62,"body":"particularly, we're talking"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":155.67,"endTime":157.62,"body":"about wood decay, funghi,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":157.62,"endTime":161.16,"body":"mycorrhizal fungi, and a range"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":157.62,"endTime":161.16,"body":"of SAP resilinc invertebrates"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":161.16,"endTime":163.89,"body":"that live on decaying wood. But"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":161.16,"endTime":163.89,"body":"of course, they provide homes"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":163.89,"endTime":168.15,"body":"for bats, other mammals as well."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":163.89,"endTime":168.15,"body":"And so if you're interested in"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":168.15,"endTime":170.52,"body":"bats, you have to be interested"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":168.15,"endTime":170.52,"body":"in trees as well, because we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":170.52,"endTime":172.08,"body":"wouldn't have the bats without"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":170.52,"endTime":172.08,"body":"the trees."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":172.83,"endTime":174.84,"body":"So for people"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":172.83,"endTime":174.84,"body":"listening at home who don't know"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":174.84,"endTime":177.39,"body":"much about bats roosting trees"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":174.84,"endTime":177.39,"body":"at all, can you just give them a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":177.39,"endTime":181.62,"body":"quick crash course it's so the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":177.39,"endTime":181.62,"body":"ecology of bats centuries, if"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":181.62,"endTime":183.66,"body":"there's such a thing as a quick"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":181.62,"endTime":183.66,"body":"crash course in that,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":183.81,"endTime":186.27,"body":"How long have"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":183.81,"endTime":186.27,"body":"you got Blimey? Okay, well, we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":186.27,"endTime":189.72,"body":"have 17 species in the UK as"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":186.27,"endTime":189.72,"body":"most of the listeners will"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":189.72,"endTime":192.81,"body":"hopefully know. As far as I'm"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":189.72,"endTime":192.81,"body":"aware, we have 14 that are"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":192.81,"endTime":195.93,"body":"confirmed to roost in trees. And"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":192.81,"endTime":195.93,"body":"as you can imagine, the species"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":195.93,"endTime":199.44,"body":"ecology for those varies hugely."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":195.93,"endTime":199.44,"body":"So we'll have some species that"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":199.59,"endTime":202.32,"body":"roost in trees as well as"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":199.59,"endTime":202.32,"body":"buildings and other structures."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":202.53,"endTime":206.19,"body":"And we have some other species"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":202.53,"endTime":206.19,"body":"that roost only in trees. One of"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":206.19,"endTime":208.29,"body":"the things I find really"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":206.19,"endTime":208.29,"body":"fascinating if you take an"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":208.29,"endTime":212.13,"body":"example of to what we would"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":208.29,"endTime":212.13,"body":"probably consider woodland fish"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":212.13,"endTime":215.76,"body":"species or tree species that are"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":212.13,"endTime":215.76,"body":"very reliant on trees, we look"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":215.76,"endTime":219.03,"body":"at nocturnal bats and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":215.76,"endTime":219.03,"body":"Bechstein's bat, and we look at"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":219.03,"endTime":221.49,"body":"locks your bat, we're pretty"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":219.03,"endTime":221.49,"body":"much looking at a species there"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":221.7,"endTime":225.12,"body":"that requires roosting in trees"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":221.7,"endTime":225.12,"body":"all year round, occasionally"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":225.12,"endTime":227.22,"body":"turns up in buildings, but on"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":225.12,"endTime":227.22,"body":"the whole, it's trees, and it's"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":227.22,"endTime":229.89,"body":"trees all year round. And then"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":227.22,"endTime":229.89,"body":"we flip across the back sides,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":229.89,"endTime":233.04,"body":"which has been the kind of focus"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":229.89,"endTime":233.04,"body":"of my study recently. And whilst"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":233.04,"endTime":235.89,"body":"they're heavily reliant on trees"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":233.04,"endTime":235.89,"body":"for roosting in the summer"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":235.89,"endTime":239.34,"body":"months, in the winter, they"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":235.89,"endTime":239.34,"body":"appear to leave the woodlands"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":239.34,"endTime":242.55,"body":"appear to leave the trees and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":239.34,"endTime":242.55,"body":"they go underground. So you can"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":242.58,"endTime":245.64,"body":"begin to see they're even in two"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":242.58,"endTime":245.64,"body":"species that appear to be"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":245.79,"endTime":248.67,"body":"relatively similar to begin"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":245.79,"endTime":248.67,"body":"with. The ecology is very"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":248.67,"endTime":251.22,"body":"different. And you can multiply"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":248.67,"endTime":251.22,"body":"that then by the rest of the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":251.22,"endTime":254.19,"body":"species, that recent tree. So"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":251.22,"endTime":254.19,"body":"that's about as much of an"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":254.19,"endTime":256.74,"body":"introduction. It's not easy."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":254.19,"endTime":256.74,"body":"It's really complex. And that's"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":256.74,"endTime":258.75,"body":"one of the reasons why it's"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":256.74,"endTime":258.75,"body":"really exciting. And if it"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":258.75,"endTime":262.32,"body":"wasn't exciting, I wouldn't be"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":258.75,"endTime":262.32,"body":"interested in going out climbing"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":262.32,"endTime":264.57,"body":"trees and looking for that. So"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":262.32,"endTime":264.57,"body":"it'd be boring otherwise,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":264.57,"endTime":264.93,"body":"wouldn't it?"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":265.32,"endTime":267.57,"body":"So why is it that"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":265.32,"endTime":267.57,"body":"some species are so dependent on"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":267.57,"endTime":269.46,"body":"trees like things like"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":267.57,"endTime":269.46,"body":"pipistrelles? We know we'll use"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":269.46,"endTime":272.04,"body":"both trees and buildings. Why is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":269.46,"endTime":272.04,"body":"it that some species like Beck"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":272.04,"endTime":275.76,"body":"Stein's and nachos have sort of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":272.04,"endTime":275.76,"body":"refused to use buildings? Do we"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":275.79,"endTime":277.59,"body":"Do we have any idea why that is?"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":275.79,"endTime":277.59,"body":"Why they're"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":277.59,"endTime":280.02,"body":"just stubborn,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":277.59,"endTime":280.02,"body":"aren't they? Clearly. When it"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":280.02,"endTime":283.29,"body":"comes down? Surely it comes down"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":280.02,"endTime":283.29,"body":"to the species ecology and how"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":283.32,"endTime":285.9,"body":"those species evolved and the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":283.32,"endTime":285.9,"body":"niche that they feel within the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":285.9,"endTime":289.32,"body":"environment. The these creatures"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":285.9,"endTime":289.32,"body":"have evolved into separate"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":289.32,"endTime":292.83,"body":"species. Because of the driving"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":289.32,"endTime":292.83,"body":"factors of that ecosystem. They"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":292.83,"endTime":295.68,"body":"find an opportunity to say,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":292.83,"endTime":295.68,"body":"Okay, well let's move out of the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":295.68,"endTime":298.59,"body":"trees and into buildings and a"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":295.68,"endTime":298.59,"body":"big kind of very plastic like"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":298.59,"endTime":302.58,"body":"pipistrelles, and As a result,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":298.59,"endTime":302.58,"body":"they're our most common species"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":302.58,"endTime":306.0,"body":"of bats. And the ones that we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":302.58,"endTime":306.0,"body":"look at so that Rizzoli in"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":306.0,"endTime":309.84,"body":"trees. Now, interestingly, we've"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":306.0,"endTime":309.84,"body":"had Nacho which is reasonably"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":309.84,"endTime":312.99,"body":"common, and we have backsides,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":309.84,"endTime":312.99,"body":"which is quite rare. So even in"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":312.99,"endTime":315.54,"body":"those that are kind of stubborn"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":312.99,"endTime":315.54,"body":"and stick to trees, we have some"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":315.54,"endTime":318.45,"body":"that are still, you know, they"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":315.54,"endTime":318.45,"body":"do fairly well others that do"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":318.45,"endTime":320.97,"body":"perhaps less well, and there's"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":318.45,"endTime":320.97,"body":"there's going to be bigger"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":320.97,"endTime":323.04,"body":"issues there that it's not just"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":320.97,"endTime":323.04,"body":"about where they race, it's"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":323.04,"endTime":326.88,"body":"about what they feed on, when"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":323.04,"endTime":326.88,"body":"they come out at night, and all"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":326.88,"endTime":327.57,"body":"of those things."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":328.35,"endTime":330.03,"body":"And you've just given"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":328.35,"endTime":330.03,"body":"a talk, like I said, At this"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":330.03,"endTime":332.64,"body":"year's conference in the last"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":330.03,"endTime":332.64,"body":"session, about a year long"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":332.64,"endTime":335.37,"body":"project that you've been doing,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":332.64,"endTime":335.37,"body":"looking specifically at"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":335.4,"endTime":337.17,"body":"Epstein's paths, can you just"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":335.4,"endTime":337.17,"body":"tell us a bit more about that"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":337.17,"endTime":338.52,"body":"project and what you found from"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":337.17,"endTime":338.52,"body":"it?"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":338.7,"endTime":340.83,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":338.7,"endTime":340.83,"body":"absolutely. So, I've been"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":340.86,"endTime":344.31,"body":"looking at trees and trying to"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":340.86,"endTime":344.31,"body":"learn a bit more about how bats"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":344.31,"endTime":347.37,"body":"use trees for quite some time"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":344.31,"endTime":347.37,"body":"now. And we've been going out"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":347.37,"endTime":350.37,"body":"and basically I spoke last year,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":347.37,"endTime":350.37,"body":"the National Bank conference,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":350.4,"endTime":355.02,"body":"hashtag, bat calm and soaked"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":350.4,"endTime":355.02,"body":"about how difficult it is to"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":355.05,"endTime":358.62,"body":"find bats in trees. And the very"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":355.05,"endTime":358.62,"body":"first message I put up on the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":358.62,"endTime":361.53,"body":"screen was that bat roofs are"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":358.62,"endTime":361.53,"body":"more likely to be empty than"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":361.53,"endTime":364.95,"body":"they are occupied. And if we're"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":361.53,"endTime":364.95,"body":"thinking about people who then"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":364.95,"endTime":367.92,"body":"survey trees for bats, and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":364.95,"endTime":367.92,"body":"especially professional serving"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":367.92,"endTime":370.47,"body":"trees for bats, that's a real"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":367.92,"endTime":370.47,"body":"challenge. And that's a real"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":370.47,"endTime":373.26,"body":"issue. If we, you know, people"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":370.47,"endTime":373.26,"body":"are paying good money to send"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":373.26,"endTime":377.22,"body":"ecologists out there to survey"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":373.26,"endTime":377.22,"body":"trees for bats. So I kind of"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":377.85,"endTime":381.09,"body":"building on that work, which was"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":377.85,"endTime":381.09,"body":"initially we went out fine"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":381.09,"endTime":384.18,"body":"trees, we thought were suitable"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":381.09,"endTime":384.18,"body":"and just kept chatting, checking"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":384.18,"endTime":387.54,"body":"them until we find bats. And at"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":384.18,"endTime":387.54,"body":"the end of 12 months, we go once"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":387.54,"endTime":389.79,"body":"a month, we kind of say, Okay,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":387.54,"endTime":389.79,"body":"well, we had bats, and we didn't"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":389.79,"endTime":393.39,"body":"and we can kind of show a bit of"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":389.79,"endTime":393.39,"body":"different uses throughout the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":393.39,"endTime":397.23,"body":"year, maybe different species."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":393.39,"endTime":397.23,"body":"But one of the criticisms of the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":397.23,"endTime":400.17,"body":"data was that had lots of"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":397.23,"endTime":400.17,"body":"individual bats roosting and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":400.17,"endTime":403.02,"body":"perhaps one of the reasons why"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":400.17,"endTime":403.02,"body":"the batteries were more"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":403.02,"endTime":405.78,"body":"frequently empty was because"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":403.02,"endTime":405.78,"body":"they're individuals, they're"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":405.78,"endTime":408.81,"body":"more transient and nomadic in"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":405.78,"endTime":408.81,"body":"nature. So what I wanted to do"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":408.81,"endTime":412.59,"body":"was focus on a maternity roost,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":408.81,"endTime":412.59,"body":"and then study those. So we did"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":412.59,"endTime":415.8,"body":"some radio tracking of backsides"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":412.59,"endTime":415.8,"body":"back. So we found for maternity"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":415.8,"endTime":419.4,"body":"reach that we were then able to"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":415.8,"endTime":419.4,"body":"go on the following year monitor"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":419.43,"endTime":423.36,"body":"once a month again. And"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":419.43,"endTime":423.36,"body":"interestingly, through the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":423.36,"endTime":427.32,"body":"similar trends that despite"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":423.36,"endTime":427.32,"body":"going out 12 times in the year,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":427.95,"endTime":430.98,"body":"looking at these four different"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":427.95,"endTime":430.98,"body":"roofs, we found bats on one"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":430.98,"endTime":434.76,"body":"occasion, and that's really"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":430.98,"endTime":434.76,"body":"quite scary, really. So yeah,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":434.79,"endTime":437.07,"body":"it's the kind of set we're"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":434.79,"endTime":437.07,"body":"working on at the moment. The"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":437.07,"endTime":440.28,"body":"next step is then trying to"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":437.07,"endTime":440.28,"body":"improve it and kind of spoke"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":440.28,"endTime":443.01,"body":"last year, the title of my talk"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":440.28,"endTime":443.01,"body":"was surveying for bats and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":443.01,"endTime":445.89,"body":"trees, can we do better? And I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":443.01,"endTime":445.89,"body":"posed the question hopefully"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":446.04,"endTime":449.49,"body":"raise a lot of concern among all"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":446.04,"endTime":449.49,"body":"the bat workers in the room, but"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":450.12,"endTime":452.07,"body":"mainly left it on a bit of a"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":450.12,"endTime":452.07,"body":"cliff edge and not really"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":452.07,"endTime":455.07,"body":"providing much of a solution."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":452.07,"endTime":455.07,"body":"This year, we've been looking at"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":455.07,"endTime":458.73,"body":"using trail cameras to improve"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":455.07,"endTime":458.73,"body":"our likelihood of finding bats."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":459.36,"endTime":462.03,"body":"I've been slightly plagued with"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":459.36,"endTime":462.03,"body":"technical difficulties. But"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":462.03,"endTime":465.33,"body":"still, despite even cameras only"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":462.03,"endTime":465.33,"body":"working for one evening, they've"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":465.33,"endTime":469.08,"body":"proved bats roosting in these"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":465.33,"endTime":469.08,"body":"three features. And there's so"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":469.08,"endTime":471.72,"body":"much more effective than sending"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":469.08,"endTime":471.72,"body":"out a surveyor for the 12 visits"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":471.72,"endTime":475.05,"body":"we did in the previous year. So"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":471.72,"endTime":475.05,"body":"really exciting times, it means"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":475.05,"endTime":477.48,"body":"we can kind of refine this"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":475.05,"endTime":477.48,"body":"slightly, one of the reasons why"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":477.48,"endTime":480.42,"body":"I wanted to come to the National"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":477.48,"endTime":480.42,"body":"Bank conference hashtag bat"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":480.42,"endTime":483.72,"body":"calm, was that I wanted to kind"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":480.42,"endTime":483.72,"body":"of share this idea with people"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":483.72,"endTime":487.14,"body":"and hopefully get them enthused"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":483.72,"endTime":487.14,"body":"and excited to go away and try"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":487.14,"endTime":489.9,"body":"this on roofs that they know of,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":487.14,"endTime":489.9,"body":"and kind of, if we all start"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":489.9,"endTime":492.24,"body":"working on these things, we can"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":489.9,"endTime":492.24,"body":"kind of say, Okay, well, I've"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":492.24,"endTime":494.88,"body":"got this camera, or I've tried"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":492.24,"endTime":494.88,"body":"this setup, and really helped"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":494.88,"endTime":497.7,"body":"refine these things. And once we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":494.88,"endTime":497.7,"body":"start generating that interest,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":498.27,"endTime":501.33,"body":"the people who gently who"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":498.27,"endTime":501.33,"body":"produced the technology, that"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":501.33,"endTime":503.25,"body":"people who produced check trail"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":501.33,"endTime":503.25,"body":"cameras already must they"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":503.25,"endTime":505.47,"body":"realise there's a market for it."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":503.25,"endTime":505.47,"body":"Hopefully they will be able to"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":505.47,"endTime":508.2,"body":"provide us a bespoke camera for"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":505.47,"endTime":508.2,"body":"surveying batteries."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":508.29,"endTime":510.18,"body":"I was gonna say these"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":508.29,"endTime":510.18,"body":"cameras are trail cameras you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":510.18,"endTime":511.62,"body":"use and I presume they are."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":511.62,"endTime":514.29,"body":"Yeah, so"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":511.62,"endTime":514.29,"body":"they're just off the shelf. Ones"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":514.29,"endTime":517.44,"body":"that are designed largely for"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":514.29,"endTime":517.44,"body":"tracking large mammals. I think"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":517.47,"endTime":519.72,"body":"they were originally designed"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":517.47,"endTime":519.72,"body":"for hunting purposes and people"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":519.72,"endTime":521.85,"body":"could see where deer was they"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":519.72,"endTime":521.85,"body":"could then go out and shoot them"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":521.85,"endTime":524.64,"body":"later. And so there's some"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":521.85,"endTime":524.64,"body":"challenges with them. They're"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":524.64,"endTime":527.52,"body":"not designed for very quick"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":524.64,"endTime":527.52,"body":"moving small mammals. They're"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":527.52,"endTime":531.03,"body":"designed for slower moving large"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":527.52,"endTime":531.03,"body":"mammals. Yeah, so we need"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":531.03,"endTime":533.46,"body":"industry to catch up we need"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":531.03,"endTime":533.46,"body":"industry to produce us a bat"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":533.46,"endTime":537.06,"body":"trail camera, ideally will about"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":533.46,"endTime":537.06,"body":"to attach a built into it that"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":537.06,"endTime":540.54,"body":"comes on at certain time of"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":537.06,"endTime":540.54,"body":"night, etc, etc. So any camera"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":540.54,"endTime":543.12,"body":"developers out there, listen up,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":540.54,"endTime":543.12,"body":"this will be coming in the next"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":543.12,"endTime":544.71,"body":"few years. And how"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":544.71,"endTime":548.34,"body":"easy to identify back"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":544.71,"endTime":548.34,"body":"to species levels on the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":548.46,"endTime":550.14,"body":"footage. It's available at the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":548.46,"endTime":550.14,"body":"moment."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":550.59,"endTime":552.84,"body":"The cameras"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":550.59,"endTime":552.84,"body":"that I've had set up they've"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":552.84,"endTime":555.99,"body":"been on beckstein briefs and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":552.84,"endTime":555.99,"body":"some of the footage depending on"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":555.99,"endTime":560.25,"body":"how the camera is focused on the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":555.99,"endTime":560.25,"body":"roost feature itself. Some of"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":560.25,"endTime":562.5,"body":"them you can see the back and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":560.25,"endTime":562.5,"body":"you can clearly tell it's a back"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":562.5,"endTime":567.15,"body":"signs back. But of course we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":562.5,"endTime":567.15,"body":"have a species that's quite easy"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":567.15,"endTime":569.79,"body":"to identify visually. We have"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":567.15,"endTime":569.79,"body":"large years with a clear gap"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":569.79,"endTime":571.92,"body":"through the middle of them. I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":569.79,"endTime":571.92,"body":"think it will work for some"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":571.92,"endTime":574.86,"body":"species so backsides it clearly"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":571.92,"endTime":574.86,"body":"works for long years, perhaps"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":574.86,"endTime":577.83,"body":"nuptials, things like that."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":574.86,"endTime":577.83,"body":"Everything else will probably"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":577.83,"endTime":580.08,"body":"get slightly more difficult. But"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":577.83,"endTime":580.08,"body":"if we combine it with a bat"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":580.08,"endTime":582.66,"body":"detector, you can separate off"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":580.08,"endTime":582.66,"body":"species like pipistrelle, for"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":582.66,"endTime":585.06,"body":"example. Maybe even just then"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":582.66,"endTime":585.06,"body":"we'll be able to group it's a"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":585.06,"endTime":588.24,"body":"Myotis even if you can work out"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":585.06,"endTime":588.24,"body":"which species it is, but it's a"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":588.24,"endTime":589.59,"body":"step in the right direction."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":590.52,"endTime":594.27,"body":"And how hard is it to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":590.52,"endTime":594.27,"body":"find roots in trees? You know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":594.27,"endTime":596.7,"body":"we can get the public to find"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":594.27,"endTime":596.7,"body":"new roots in houses as part of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":596.7,"endTime":599.52,"body":"the NBMP survey that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":596.7,"endTime":599.52,"body":"relatively easy. How hard is it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":599.52,"endTime":600.39,"body":"to do it for trees?"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":601.17,"endTime":605.01,"body":"I think I gave"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":601.17,"endTime":605.01,"body":"a talk and have a stepped step"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":605.01,"endTime":607.89,"body":"by step process of finding bats"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":605.01,"endTime":607.89,"body":"in trees. And the first one is"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":607.89,"endTime":611.43,"body":"to buy a torch if you don't"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":607.89,"endTime":611.43,"body":"already have one, and then go"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":611.43,"endTime":615.3,"body":"and look in some trees because"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":611.43,"endTime":615.3,"body":"it can be as simple as that. And"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":615.3,"endTime":617.91,"body":"to give an example, I've been"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":615.3,"endTime":617.91,"body":"looking for bats and trees for"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":617.91,"endTime":621.09,"body":"quite a while and I realised I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":617.91,"endTime":621.09,"body":"kept looking in cavities and I'm"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":621.09,"endTime":623.34,"body":"blessed that I've you know, can"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":621.09,"endTime":623.34,"body":"afford an endoscope and go out"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":623.34,"endTime":626.43,"body":"and I can use that to serve a"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":623.34,"endTime":626.43,"body":"cavities. And I was walking past"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":626.43,"endTime":629.31,"body":"a tree and I thought, You know"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":626.43,"endTime":629.31,"body":"what, I don't look in flaking"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":629.31,"endTime":631.71,"body":"bark enough. And I saw a piece"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":629.31,"endTime":631.71,"body":"of flaking bark on this oak"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":631.71,"endTime":633.87,"body":"tree. And I thought I'm gonna"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":631.71,"endTime":633.87,"body":"get my torch out. And I'm gonna"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":633.87,"endTime":636.24,"body":"walk up to that tree and have a"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":633.87,"endTime":636.24,"body":"look in it. And as soon as I did"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":636.24,"endTime":639.48,"body":"the fan to BBs tells roosting"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":636.24,"endTime":639.48,"body":"behind it. I've not been able to"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":639.48,"endTime":643.17,"body":"replicate that luck since then."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":639.48,"endTime":643.17,"body":"But it is as easy as that if we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":643.17,"endTime":645.93,"body":"don't go out looking for these"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":643.17,"endTime":645.93,"body":"things, we won't find them. And"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":645.93,"endTime":649.53,"body":"it can be done from the ground."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":645.93,"endTime":649.53,"body":"A lot of the woodlands that I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":649.56,"endTime":653.1,"body":"survey and a lot of the data"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":649.56,"endTime":653.1,"body":"that the my original talk was"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":653.1,"endTime":657.15,"body":"based on was from woodlands with"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":653.1,"endTime":657.15,"body":"features about maybe a metre"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":657.15,"endTime":660.09,"body":"high. And you can serve a many"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":657.15,"endTime":660.09,"body":"more of those in a day than you"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":660.09,"endTime":664.44,"body":"can ones that you have to climb."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":660.09,"endTime":664.44,"body":"And so anyone can do it, you"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":664.44,"endTime":666.87,"body":"need a torch. And that's all you"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":664.44,"endTime":666.87,"body":"know, the kind of the basic"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":666.87,"endTime":669.27,"body":"equipment if you really get into"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":666.87,"endTime":669.27,"body":"the Combine endoscope, and you"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":669.27,"endTime":671.94,"body":"can get fairly cheap ones even"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":669.27,"endTime":671.94,"body":"from the Aldi and Lidl from"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":671.94,"endTime":675.57,"body":"those kinds of supermarkets for"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":671.94,"endTime":675.57,"body":"maybe 5060 quid. And if you get"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":675.57,"endTime":678.36,"body":"really into it, you know, the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":675.57,"endTime":678.36,"body":"top spec one is only maybe 350"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":678.39,"endTime":683.46,"body":"400 quid. And once you find that"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":678.39,"endTime":683.46,"body":"first bat roost, that's it,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":683.46,"endTime":684.39,"body":"you'll be hooked for life."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":684.99,"endTime":687.12,"body":"And what's left to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":684.99,"endTime":687.12,"body":"find out what's the one thing"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":687.12,"endTime":689.25,"body":"you would like to know that we"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":687.12,"endTime":689.25,"body":"don't at the moment."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":691.35,"endTime":694.38,"body":"I don't think I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":691.35,"endTime":694.38,"body":"could pin it down to one thing"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":694.38,"endTime":697.47,"body":"that we'd like to know, the main"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":694.38,"endTime":697.47,"body":"thing that drives me is that I"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":697.47,"endTime":701.01,"body":"want to increase the efficiency"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":697.47,"endTime":701.01,"body":"of our surveys and the efficacy"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":701.01,"endTime":704.28,"body":"of our surveys that people are"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":701.01,"endTime":704.28,"body":"willing to pay for surveys"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":704.28,"endTime":707.4,"body":"either because they're forced to"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":704.28,"endTime":707.4,"body":"for development purposes or"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":707.82,"endTime":710.7,"body":"professionals working in the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":707.82,"endTime":710.7,"body":"arboricultural. Industry, they"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":710.7,"endTime":713.46,"body":"are interested in this what the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":710.7,"endTime":713.46,"body":"challenge, the challenge we face"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":713.46,"endTime":718.35,"body":"is that if it's not cost"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":713.46,"endTime":718.35,"body":"effective, they won't do it. And"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":718.35,"endTime":721.47,"body":"so my main drive is really not"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":718.35,"endTime":721.47,"body":"about what we want to find out,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":721.5,"endTime":724.08,"body":"we want to improve our surveys."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":721.5,"endTime":724.08,"body":"And if we can improve our"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":724.08,"endTime":727.08,"body":"surveys, it means we can"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":724.08,"endTime":727.08,"body":"conserve bats. Because once we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":727.08,"endTime":729.03,"body":"know they're there, we can deal"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":727.08,"endTime":729.03,"body":"with them. The issue at the"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":729.03,"endTime":731.7,"body":"moment is that we're losing"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":729.03,"endTime":731.7,"body":"roofs, it must be on a daily"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":731.7,"endTime":734.82,"body":"basis during fairly standard"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":731.7,"endTime":734.82,"body":"arboricultural forestry"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":734.82,"endTime":738.42,"body":"operation. And it's not kind of"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":734.82,"endTime":738.42,"body":"a slur on that industry at all."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":738.57,"endTime":741.15,"body":"It's just the fact that we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":738.57,"endTime":741.15,"body":"haven't given them tools to be"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":741.15,"endTime":743.97,"body":"able to serve those those trees"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":741.15,"endTime":743.97,"body":"effectively. And that's because"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":743.97,"endTime":747.03,"body":"we don't know enough. So once we"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":743.97,"endTime":747.03,"body":"get our house in order, and once"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":747.03,"endTime":750.63,"body":"we can say this is how you"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":747.03,"endTime":750.63,"body":"survey trees for bats, we can"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":750.63,"endTime":753.96,"body":"pass that on make it nice and"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":750.63,"endTime":753.96,"body":"simple for other professionals."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":754.62,"endTime":755.97,"body":"And then we can conserve bounce."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":756.81,"endTime":758.73,"body":"More often than not"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":756.81,"endTime":758.73,"body":"trees will be unoccupied."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":758.73,"endTime":762.63,"body":"unoccupied. Trees naturally for"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":758.73,"endTime":762.63,"body":"down rots and features are lost"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":762.63,"endTime":766.38,"body":"all the time. And that combined"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":762.63,"endTime":766.38,"body":"with the fact that the bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":766.38,"endTime":768.72,"body":"species reliant on trees are so"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":766.38,"endTime":768.72,"body":"transient does it actually"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":768.72,"endTime":770.67,"body":"matter that the tree disappears,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":770.0,"endTime":773.24,"body":"there's so there's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":770.0,"endTime":773.24,"body":"couple of things there that, of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":773.24,"endTime":777.26,"body":"course, these are dynamic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":773.24,"endTime":777.26,"body":"structures, they evolve and they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":777.26,"endTime":779.75,"body":"change constantly. They're not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":777.26,"endTime":779.75,"body":"like buildings or underground"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":779.75,"endTime":782.33,"body":"structures that remain fairly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":779.75,"endTime":782.33,"body":"static and don't change much"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":782.33,"endTime":788.12,"body":"over time. The decay features"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":782.33,"endTime":788.12,"body":"the rot etc. in trees, or one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":788.12,"endTime":791.21,"body":"point won't be suitable they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":788.12,"endTime":791.21,"body":"intact would at some point, then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":791.21,"endTime":793.97,"body":"we get some action that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":791.21,"endTime":793.97,"body":"started static a process off and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":793.97,"endTime":797.06,"body":"it's a continuum it's succession"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":793.97,"endTime":797.06,"body":"and eventually that will be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":797.06,"endTime":800.3,"body":"suitable for bats. And then as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":797.06,"endTime":800.3,"body":"that continues, it won't be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":800.3,"endTime":802.61,"body":"suitable anymore or become"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":800.3,"endTime":802.61,"body":"suitable for a different species"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":802.61,"endTime":805.1,"body":"about and it might be that it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":802.61,"endTime":805.1,"body":"becomes unsuitable because it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":805.1,"endTime":807.77,"body":"fell over it might just be that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":805.1,"endTime":807.77,"body":"the decays advanced so much that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":807.77,"endTime":811.43,"body":"it's too large and airy now or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":807.77,"endTime":811.43,"body":"just completely, you know, too"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":811.43,"endTime":815.45,"body":"cold, too hot, too wet to drive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":811.43,"endTime":815.45,"body":"about. So they are dynamic. One"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":815.45,"endTime":821.18,"body":"of the one of the big challenges"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":815.45,"endTime":821.18,"body":"it faces that is knowing which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":821.18,"endTime":824.93,"body":"ones are important as well. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":821.18,"endTime":824.93,"body":"last year, I kind of shared an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":824.93,"endTime":828.98,"body":"analogy, which was kind of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":824.93,"endTime":828.98,"body":"idea was given to me by a friend"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":828.98,"endTime":833.03,"body":"of mine, Keith Cohen about that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":828.98,"endTime":833.03,"body":"rooster like chairs, and I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":833.03,"endTime":837.26,"body":"talked about how I've got 19"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":833.03,"endTime":837.26,"body":"chairs at home. And some I use"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":837.26,"endTime":839.33,"body":"every day. And some are really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":837.26,"endTime":839.33,"body":"important, like the chair in my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":839.33,"endTime":843.26,"body":"lounge or my office chair, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":839.33,"endTime":843.26,"body":"others, like my garden chairs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":843.26,"endTime":846.08,"body":"are as useful and I only use"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":843.26,"endTime":846.08,"body":"them for a set period of time."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":846.29,"endTime":850.31,"body":"Over the summer. If I lost one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":846.29,"endTime":850.31,"body":"of my garden chairs wouldn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":850.31,"endTime":853.4,"body":"really bother me that much. If I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":850.31,"endTime":853.4,"body":"lost the chair that's in front"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":853.4,"endTime":856.25,"body":"of my TV that would have a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":853.4,"endTime":856.25,"body":"significant impact on my life."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":856.25,"endTime":860.69,"body":"How would I watch Netflix"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":856.25,"endTime":860.69,"body":"otherwise? And so how do we know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":860.69,"endTime":863.39,"body":"when we're losing that chair in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":860.69,"endTime":863.39,"body":"front of the TV compared to a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":863.39,"endTime":866.63,"body":"tree in the garden? Or how do we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":863.39,"endTime":866.63,"body":"know when you've lost so many"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":866.63,"endTime":869.78,"body":"that they can't just hop to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":866.63,"endTime":869.78,"body":"next room? So it is a question I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":869.78,"endTime":872.81,"body":"get asked I spoke at a the OB"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":869.78,"endTime":872.81,"body":"national conference a few years"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":872.81,"endTime":875.48,"body":"ago and I got asked that exact"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":872.81,"endTime":875.48,"body":"question. And it's we just don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":875.48,"endTime":878.57,"body":"know where that tipping point is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":875.48,"endTime":878.57,"body":"at the moment. So the other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":878.57,"endTime":883.58,"body":"thing is that we need to improve"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":878.57,"endTime":883.58,"body":"the way that we can mitigate for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":883.58,"endTime":887.3,"body":"the loss of these tree roots"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":883.58,"endTime":887.3,"body":"either as they naturally degrade"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":887.45,"endTime":890.03,"body":"or when we're losing them to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":887.45,"endTime":890.03,"body":"development or kind of other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":890.03,"endTime":893.6,"body":"pressures. And at the moment,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":890.03,"endTime":893.6,"body":"the tools we have available a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":893.6,"endTime":895.97,"body":"lot. They're kind of suitable"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":893.6,"endTime":895.97,"body":"for the built environment so we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":895.97,"endTime":899.84,"body":"can build things into new"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":895.97,"endTime":899.84,"body":"buildings. We can put back boxes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":899.84,"endTime":902.9,"body":"up And the bat boxes kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":899.84,"endTime":902.9,"body":"work on trees for some bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":902.9,"endTime":906.05,"body":"species, but they don't work for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":902.9,"endTime":906.05,"body":"all bat species. So we need to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":906.05,"endTime":908.57,"body":"start researching and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":906.05,"endTime":908.57,"body":"investigating ways that we can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":908.57,"endTime":912.56,"body":"begin to create these reefs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":908.57,"endTime":912.56,"body":"features, not only immediately,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":912.92,"endTime":916.37,"body":"but perhaps in you know, start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":912.92,"endTime":916.37,"body":"this process off so that in 1020"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":916.37,"endTime":919.13,"body":"years time feature start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":916.37,"endTime":919.13,"body":"developing. And that then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":919.13,"endTime":922.4,"body":"becomes sustainable. Because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":919.13,"endTime":922.4,"body":"without that kind of planning,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":922.52,"endTime":925.52,"body":"and that kind of action you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":922.52,"endTime":925.52,"body":"might have, that's for the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":925.52,"endTime":928.82,"body":"moment, but you will lose them"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":925.52,"endTime":928.82,"body":"over time one of the woodlands"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":928.82,"endTime":934.4,"body":"that we study, the one in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":928.82,"endTime":934.4,"body":"Wiltshire and Trowbridge is as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":934.4,"endTime":937.19,"body":"fantastic as a number of roofs,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":934.4,"endTime":937.19,"body":"which are about maybe a metre"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":937.19,"endTime":942.11,"body":"off the ground, like 45/50"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":937.19,"endTime":942.11,"body":"roosts that are that high. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":942.14,"endTime":945.32,"body":"what we think created those was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":942.14,"endTime":945.32,"body":"that during the war, there was a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":945.44,"endTime":948.44,"body":"fairly high stocking density of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":945.44,"endTime":948.44,"body":"horses, and they would damage"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":948.44,"endTime":952.82,"body":"the trees. And then you know, 50"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":948.44,"endTime":952.82,"body":"60 70 years later, those"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":952.82,"endTime":955.16,"body":"features have developed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":952.82,"endTime":955.16,"body":"significantly that they can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":955.19,"endTime":959.12,"body":"support roosting bats. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":955.19,"endTime":959.12,"body":"that's great for now. But we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":959.12,"endTime":961.7,"body":"not, we don't have that pressure"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":959.12,"endTime":961.7,"body":"on those trees anymore. That"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":961.7,"endTime":964.94,"body":"pressure on the young trees. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":961.7,"endTime":964.94,"body":"what happens in 50 years time or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":964.94,"endTime":968.0,"body":"in 100 years time. And so we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":964.94,"endTime":968.0,"body":"need to start thinking that kind"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":968.0,"endTime":970.97,"body":"of that longer timescales, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":968.0,"endTime":970.97,"body":"work for part time for the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":970.97,"endTime":973.52,"body":"ancient tree form. And one of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":970.97,"endTime":973.52,"body":"the big things we talked about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":973.52,"endTime":976.94,"body":"when we talk about old trees is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":973.52,"endTime":976.94,"body":"that, you know, we have to plan"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":976.97,"endTime":981.11,"body":"in the long term, my colleague"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":976.97,"endTime":981.11,"body":"who works at a site, near slough"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":981.11,"endTime":984.11,"body":"and burn and beaches, he has a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":981.11,"endTime":984.11,"body":"500 year management plan,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":984.56,"endTime":987.74,"body":"because that's how long it takes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":984.56,"endTime":987.74,"body":"to grow the next generation of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":987.77,"endTime":990.53,"body":"veteran beech trees. And that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":987.77,"endTime":990.53,"body":"the kind of thing that's the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":990.53,"endTime":994.58,"body":"timescales we need to be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":990.53,"endTime":994.58,"body":"thinking on. My former boss at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":994.58,"endTime":997.07,"body":"the ancient tree forum is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":994.58,"endTime":997.07,"body":"working on a your wide"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":997.07,"endTime":1000.79,"body":"virtualization project, which is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":997.07,"endTime":1000.79,"body":"largely focused on funghi, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1001.57,"endTime":1006.28,"body":"invertebrates, but they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1001.57,"endTime":1006.28,"body":"damaging trees to see whether"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1006.28,"endTime":1009.55,"body":"they can start generating that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1006.28,"endTime":1009.55,"body":"habitat with tools rather than"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1009.55,"endTime":1012.58,"body":"than with time. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1009.55,"endTime":1012.58,"body":"interestingly, they, as they,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1012.64,"endTime":1016.06,"body":"despite the beam focus on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1012.64,"endTime":1016.06,"body":"funghi, and invertebrates, some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1016.06,"endTime":1018.64,"body":"of the wounds in the trees and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1016.06,"endTime":1018.64,"body":"some of the cuts in the trees,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1018.67,"endTime":1021.79,"body":"maybe about 30% of one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1018.67,"endTime":1021.79,"body":"particular type, they found bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1021.79,"endTime":1025.0,"body":"droppings at the bottom of it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1021.79,"endTime":1025.0,"body":"completely inadvertently. And so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1025.0,"endTime":1027.19,"body":"I'm having conversations with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1025.0,"endTime":1027.19,"body":"her at the moment about whether"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1027.19,"endTime":1030.28,"body":"we can say okay, well, we know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1027.19,"endTime":1030.28,"body":"the kinds of features that bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1030.28,"endTime":1034.0,"body":"use, largely thanks to the work"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1030.28,"endTime":1034.0,"body":"of the battery habitat key, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1034.0,"endTime":1036.16,"body":"the parameters of those and how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1034.0,"endTime":1036.16,"body":"big they need to be and maybe"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1036.16,"endTime":1039.07,"body":"how high off the ground they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1036.16,"endTime":1039.07,"body":"need to be. can we replicate"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1039.07,"endTime":1043.48,"body":"those by damaging the tree"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1039.07,"endTime":1043.48,"body":"mechanically with tools? And so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1043.48,"endTime":1045.64,"body":"yeah, that's kind of one of my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1043.48,"endTime":1045.64,"body":"next projects I'll be working"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1045.64,"endTime":1045.76,"body":"on."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":1046.45,"endTime":1048.61,"body":"Trashing trees,"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":1046.45,"endTime":1048.61,"body":"trash!? is called"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":1048.76,"endTime":1051.67,"body":"Veteranisation. Thank you very"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":1048.76,"endTime":1051.67,"body":"much! It's scientific."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1052.66,"endTime":1054.91,"body":"And if you had to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1052.66,"endTime":1054.91,"body":"choose just three words to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1054.91,"endTime":1057.49,"body":"describe the bat conservation"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1054.91,"endTime":1057.49,"body":"movement, what would they be,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1058.87,"endTime":1062.11,"body":"Exciting is the first"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1058.87,"endTime":1062.11,"body":"one, I wouldn't be working with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1062.11,"endTime":1067.18,"body":"bats if it wasn't exciting. My"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1062.11,"endTime":1067.18,"body":"colleague talks about ecology in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1067.18,"endTime":1070.0,"body":"the using analogy of when you're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1067.18,"endTime":1070.0,"body":"walking in a woodland and you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1070.0,"endTime":1073.27,"body":"kind of find a thread hanging"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1070.0,"endTime":1073.27,"body":"from a tree and you pull that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1073.27,"endTime":1075.97,"body":"thread, and then suddenly, a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1073.27,"endTime":1075.97,"body":"bell rings somewhere else in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1075.97,"endTime":1079.42,"body":"woodland, you think is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1075.97,"endTime":1079.42,"body":"completely unconnected, they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1079.42,"endTime":1082.24,"body":"actually connected. And we'd"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1079.42,"endTime":1082.24,"body":"need to work out kind of why"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1082.24,"endTime":1084.73,"body":"that is. And that's just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1082.24,"endTime":1084.73,"body":"fascinating US size. And that's,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1084.76,"endTime":1088.6,"body":"that's what it's all about. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1084.76,"endTime":1088.6,"body":"we've kind of is really exciting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1088.6,"endTime":1091.54,"body":"and means that there's always"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1088.6,"endTime":1091.54,"body":"something new to learn. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1091.54,"endTime":1095.53,"body":"yeah, and just keeps me"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1091.54,"endTime":1095.53,"body":"interested in it really. Second"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1095.53,"endTime":1100.0,"body":"one is inclusive, I would say at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1095.53,"endTime":1100.0,"body":"the moments when I started 14"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1100.0,"endTime":1105.64,"body":"years ago, that was a little bit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1100.0,"endTime":1105.64,"body":"clicky, I had to travel an hour"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1105.67,"endTime":1109.99,"body":"to go and train in Wiltshire,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1105.67,"endTime":1109.99,"body":"with a fantastic group there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1109.99,"endTime":1114.73,"body":"that were welcoming to new"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1109.99,"endTime":1114.73,"body":"people at the time. And it kind"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1114.73,"endTime":1116.41,"body":"of gave us that kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1114.73,"endTime":1116.41,"body":"foothold. And once we got the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1116.41,"endTime":1119.17,"body":"licence, we can then kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1116.41,"endTime":1119.17,"body":"spread that elsewhere. And I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1119.17,"endTime":1121.18,"body":"think it's improved"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1119.17,"endTime":1121.18,"body":"significantly with the advent of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1121.18,"endTime":1123.58,"body":"social media, because people are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1121.18,"endTime":1123.58,"body":"much more willing to share"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1123.58,"endTime":1126.34,"body":"things rather than keep it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1123.58,"endTime":1126.34,"body":"private. But it's also for me,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1126.34,"endTime":1128.41,"body":"there's kind of two key people"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1126.34,"endTime":1128.41,"body":"that have really pushed that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1128.41,"endTime":1130.99,"body":"forward. And that's a good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1128.41,"endTime":1130.99,"body":"friend, Daniel Hargreaves, who's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1130.99,"endTime":1134.86,"body":"just one of the best people I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1130.99,"endTime":1134.86,"body":"know who's wonderful, very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1134.86,"endTime":1137.14,"body":"knowledgeable about bats, but he"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1134.86,"endTime":1137.14,"body":"will share it as well you go"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1137.14,"endTime":1139.9,"body":"around and share that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1137.14,"endTime":1139.9,"body":"information. And once you kind"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1139.9,"endTime":1142.6,"body":"of start that process of one"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1139.9,"endTime":1142.6,"body":"person sharing it, everyone else"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1142.6,"endTime":1145.27,"body":"kind of follows on and the other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1142.6,"endTime":1145.27,"body":"one is Henry Andrews, of course,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1145.27,"endTime":1147.91,"body":"the kind of the great mind"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1145.27,"endTime":1147.91,"body":"between their bachelor habitat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1147.91,"endTime":1151.15,"body":"key because he's suddenly just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1147.91,"endTime":1151.15,"body":"gone for this is what we know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1151.15,"endTime":1153.91,"body":"about bats and trees. And it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1151.15,"endTime":1153.91,"body":"it's freely available and all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1153.91,"endTime":1155.8,"body":"that information is there and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1153.91,"endTime":1155.8,"body":"put it out into the public"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1155.8,"endTime":1157.87,"body":"domain. And he's encouraged"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1155.8,"endTime":1157.87,"body":"other people to go on and start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1157.87,"endTime":1160.45,"body":"studying bats. It was him that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1157.87,"endTime":1160.45,"body":"really gave me the kick to start"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1160.45,"endTime":1164.38,"body":"studying bats injuries. And then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1160.45,"endTime":1164.38,"body":"final one, I guess, would be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1164.44,"endTime":1169.66,"body":"uncertain. Where in uncertain"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1164.44,"endTime":1169.66,"body":"times, kind of politically, is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1169.66,"endTime":1173.02,"body":"the Big B word, which I won't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1169.66,"endTime":1173.02,"body":"mention at the moment. We're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1173.02,"endTime":1177.61,"body":"potentially a month or so away"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1173.02,"endTime":1177.61,"body":"from crashing out of, of Europe."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1177.7,"endTime":1179.65,"body":"We don't know whether that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1177.7,"endTime":1179.65,"body":"going to happen on that day, or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1179.65,"endTime":1182.11,"body":"it's going to change then we had"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1179.65,"endTime":1182.11,"body":"heard from Kitt earlier that,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1182.11,"endTime":1185.5,"body":"you know, our hopes are that the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1182.11,"endTime":1185.5,"body":"legislation will be maintained"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1185.53,"endTime":1188.83,"body":"as it is at the moment, but we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1185.53,"endTime":1188.83,"body":"don't really know what that will"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1188.83,"endTime":1193.18,"body":"be. But uncertain, it can be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1188.83,"endTime":1193.18,"body":"positive as well. With the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1193.27,"endTime":1198.34,"body":"ancient tree form. We're kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1193.27,"endTime":1198.34,"body":"cautiously optimistic that if we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1198.34,"endTime":1201.22,"body":"leave the EU and we kind of then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1198.34,"endTime":1201.22,"body":"part ways from the Common"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1201.25,"endTime":1205.0,"body":"Agricultural Policy that we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1201.25,"endTime":1205.0,"body":"there, maybe we're heading"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1205.0,"endTime":1207.85,"body":"towards a system that at the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1205.0,"endTime":1207.85,"body":"moment is termed public money"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1207.85,"endTime":1210.55,"body":"for public goods or public"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1207.85,"endTime":1210.55,"body":"services or something along that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1210.55,"endTime":1214.06,"body":"line. And hopefully that will"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1210.55,"endTime":1214.06,"body":"have recognition of the value of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1214.06,"endTime":1217.54,"body":"trees in a farm landscape."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1214.06,"endTime":1217.54,"body":"Because at the moment, farmers"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1217.54,"endTime":1219.46,"body":"are kind of dissuaded from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1217.54,"endTime":1219.46,"body":"having trees because it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1219.46,"endTime":1222.49,"body":"subtracted from the area"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1219.46,"endTime":1222.49,"body":"calculations, which means that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1222.52,"endTime":1225.85,"body":"they clear foreigners, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1222.52,"endTime":1225.85,"body":"trees, and that has a kind of a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1225.85,"endTime":1229.45,"body":"massive impact on a wide range"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1225.85,"endTime":1229.45,"body":"of ecology. So if we can get it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1229.9,"endTime":1232.45,"body":"enshrined in that guidance that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1229.9,"endTime":1232.45,"body":"you know, we need more trees,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1232.45,"endTime":1235.96,"body":"that's good for bats as well as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1232.45,"endTime":1235.96,"body":"all the other species."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1236.65,"endTime":1238.18,"body":"Jim Mullholland,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1236.65,"endTime":1238.18,"body":"thank you very much."},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":1238.21,"endTime":1238.99,"body":"Hashtag"},{"speaker":"Jim Mullholland","startTime":1238.21,"endTime":1238.99,"body":"NatBatConf."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1240.89,"endTime":1243.2,"body":"And my thanks to Jim"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1240.89,"endTime":1243.2,"body":"for taking time out of his day"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1243.2,"endTime":1245.75,"body":"to sit down with me for that"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1243.2,"endTime":1245.75,"body":"interview. Jim also has a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1245.75,"endTime":1249.77,"body":"YouTube channel of various clips"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1245.75,"endTime":1249.77,"body":"of Batson trees. The link is in"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1249.77,"endTime":1253.01,"body":"the show notes below. Next time"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1249.77,"endTime":1253.01,"body":"is the last in this current"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1253.01,"endTime":1255.62,"body":"series of Bat Chat. And we'll be"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1253.01,"endTime":1255.62,"body":"hearing from the team on the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1255.62,"endTime":1258.77,"body":"national debt helpline, as well"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1255.62,"endTime":1258.77,"body":"as some back carers discussing"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1258.77,"endTime":1261.74,"body":"the challenges of backcare. And"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1258.77,"endTime":1261.74,"body":"the role that rescuing injured"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1261.74,"endTime":1265.49,"body":"bats plays in conservation. We'd"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1261.74,"endTime":1265.49,"body":"love it if you shared this"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1265.49,"endTime":1269.3,"body":"podcast with your friends on"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1265.49,"endTime":1269.3,"body":"social media. Our hashtag is"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1269.3,"endTime":1272.09,"body":"that chat and where you can"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1269.3,"endTime":1272.09,"body":"please do leave ratings and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1272.09,"endTime":1273.62,"body":"reviews in your podcast app."}]}