{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":0.42,"endTime":2.85,"body":"Hello, I'm Steve Roe,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":0.42,"endTime":2.85,"body":"and thanks for downloading this"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2.85,"endTime":5.88,"body":"episode of The Bat Conservation"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2.85,"endTime":5.88,"body":"Trust's podcast BatChat."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":5.91,"endTime":8.46,"body":"Bringing you the stories from"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":5.91,"endTime":8.46,"body":"the bat conservation movement."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":8.55,"endTime":10.92,"body":"We hope you enjoy it. Don't"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":8.55,"endTime":10.92,"body":"forget, you can join the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":10.92,"endTime":14.82,"body":"conversation online using the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":10.92,"endTime":14.82,"body":"hashtag BatChat. This week, I'm"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":14.82,"endTime":17.55,"body":"delighted to introduce a guest"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":14.82,"endTime":17.55,"body":"who is a titan in the world of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":17.55,"endTime":20.82,"body":"bats, as well as making a new"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":17.55,"endTime":20.82,"body":"discovery about desert dwelling"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":20.82,"endTime":23.67,"body":"pallid bats. She's the Chief"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":20.82,"endTime":23.67,"body":"Scientist of Bat Conservation"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":23.67,"endTime":25.83,"body":"International, and I caught her"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":23.67,"endTime":25.83,"body":"with her at the start of"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":25.83,"endTime":30.03,"body":"November. Here in the UK, we're"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":25.83,"endTime":30.03,"body":"two days away from going into a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":30.03,"endTime":32.61,"body":"second national lockdown. And"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":30.03,"endTime":32.61,"body":"over in the United States, where"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":32.61,"endTime":36.87,"body":"my guest is around 255 million"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":32.61,"endTime":36.87,"body":"Americans are just waking up and"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":36.87,"endTime":38.79,"body":"will be going to the polls to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":36.87,"endTime":38.79,"body":"cast their vote for their next"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":38.79,"endTime":41.91,"body":"president. So the pair of us are"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":38.79,"endTime":41.91,"body":"escaping reality for a short"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":41.91,"endTime":44.76,"body":"while to talk about Dr. Winifred"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":41.91,"endTime":44.76,"body":"Frick. Good morning."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":44.79,"endTime":45.54,"body":"Good morning."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":45.84,"endTime":47.46,"body":"Not that I want to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":45.84,"endTime":47.46,"body":"dwell on the presidential"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":47.46,"endTime":49.83,"body":"election. But what's the general"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":47.46,"endTime":49.83,"body":"mood over there in California?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":49.0,"endTime":53.35,"body":"Oh, I think"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":49.0,"endTime":53.35,"body":"anxiety can sum it up in one"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":53.35,"endTime":57.91,"body":"word. I'd like to say that I'm"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":53.35,"endTime":57.91,"body":"cautiously optimistic. But we'll"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":57.91,"endTime":58.27,"body":"see."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":58.3,"endTime":60.16,"body":"By the time this goes"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":58.3,"endTime":60.16,"body":"out in a few weeks. Well, we're"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":60.16,"endTime":63.67,"body":"long know the result by then. So"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":60.16,"endTime":63.67,"body":"we'll have we'll have had we"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":63.67,"endTime":68.26,"body":"know it in the winter for it."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":63.67,"endTime":68.26,"body":"Can you please introduce"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":68.26,"endTime":71.53,"body":"yourself and what you what your"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":68.26,"endTime":71.53,"body":"role is really?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":71.85,"endTime":74.97,"body":"Sure. I'm Dr."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":71.85,"endTime":74.97,"body":"Winifred Frick, and I'm the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":74.97,"endTime":77.76,"body":"Chief Scientist at Bat"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":74.97,"endTime":77.76,"body":"Conservation International. And"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":77.79,"endTime":81.03,"body":"I'm an associate research"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":77.79,"endTime":81.03,"body":"professor and Ecology and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":81.03,"endTime":83.97,"body":"Evolutionary Biology at the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":81.03,"endTime":83.97,"body":"University of California Santa"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":83.97,"endTime":84.42,"body":"Cruz."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":84.0,"endTime":87.81,"body":"It sounds a very nice"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":84.0,"endTime":87.81,"body":"role to have, you know, being"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":87.84,"endTime":90.72,"body":"chief scientist, how did you end"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":87.84,"endTime":90.72,"body":"up here doing the work you do"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":90.72,"endTime":92.85,"body":"when When did bats become part"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":90.72,"endTime":92.85,"body":"of your life?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":94.02,"endTime":98.13,"body":"About 20 years"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":94.02,"endTime":98.13,"body":"ago, actually. So I was about"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":98.13,"endTime":102.99,"body":"to, I was looking into returning"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":98.13,"endTime":102.99,"body":"to graduate school after doing"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":102.99,"endTime":106.71,"body":"some international travel"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":102.99,"endTime":106.71,"body":"between my undergrad and grad"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":106.74,"endTime":111.51,"body":"and I ended up meeting somebody"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":106.74,"endTime":111.51,"body":"who was working as a consultant"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":111.57,"endTime":114.81,"body":"on bats doing mitigation work"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":111.57,"endTime":114.81,"body":"surveys for National Park"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":114.81,"endTime":117.84,"body":"Service and making sure that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":114.81,"endTime":117.84,"body":"bats that were under bridges"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":117.84,"endTime":122.64,"body":"were not exterminated. If a"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":117.84,"endTime":122.64,"body":"bridge was being retrofitted for"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":122.67,"endTime":126.39,"body":"earthquakes, which is a thing"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":122.67,"endTime":126.39,"body":"here in California, and I ended"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":126.39,"endTime":128.94,"body":"up volunteering for him and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":126.39,"endTime":128.94,"body":"working for him. And we ended up"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":128.94,"endTime":131.55,"body":"falling in love. And then I fell"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":128.94,"endTime":131.55,"body":"in love with bats. And now we're"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":131.55,"endTime":133.62,"body":"now married. And that's became"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":131.55,"endTime":133.62,"body":"my life."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":135.3,"endTime":137.52,"body":"And what does your"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":135.3,"endTime":137.52,"body":"day to day job at Bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":137.52,"endTime":139.32,"body":"Conservation International"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":137.52,"endTime":139.32,"body":"entail?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":140.55,"endTime":142.62,"body":"Well, it used to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":140.55,"endTime":142.62,"body":"involve a lot of travel, but now"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":142.62,"endTime":150.48,"body":"it spends it's a lot of time on"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":142.62,"endTime":150.48,"body":"Zoom. Basically, you know, I"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":150.48,"endTime":154.68,"body":"like to think of the big, big"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":150.48,"endTime":154.68,"body":"version of my job as being I'm"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":154.68,"endTime":156.48,"body":"in charge of trying to figure"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":154.68,"endTime":156.48,"body":"out what are the important"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":156.48,"endTime":158.82,"body":"research questions that we need"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":156.48,"endTime":158.82,"body":"to answer to help protect the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":158.82,"endTime":161.88,"body":"world's bat populations. And"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":158.82,"endTime":161.88,"body":"that's both incredibly"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":161.88,"endTime":164.1,"body":"inspiring, and also really"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":161.88,"endTime":164.1,"body":"daunting. There's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":164.1,"endTime":166.41,"body":"questions that we need to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":164.1,"endTime":166.41,"body":"answer. There's a lot of bats"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":166.41,"endTime":170.22,"body":"that are that are threatened"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":166.41,"endTime":170.22,"body":"around the world from human"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":170.22,"endTime":175.65,"body":"activity. And so we we have to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":170.22,"endTime":175.65,"body":"figure out what are what are the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":175.65,"endTime":178.02,"body":"highest priority questions that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":175.65,"endTime":178.02,"body":"we need to work on? What are the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":178.02,"endTime":181.77,"body":"species that are in the most"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":178.02,"endTime":181.77,"body":"imminent danger of of extinction"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":181.77,"endTime":186.78,"body":"that we need to put actions into"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":181.77,"endTime":186.78,"body":"place right now to save? And"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":186.78,"endTime":190.68,"body":"what are the what are the big"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":186.78,"endTime":190.68,"body":"threats that? And where and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":190.68,"endTime":193.71,"body":"where is the real line between"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":190.68,"endTime":193.71,"body":"what are we ready to tackle from"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":193.71,"endTime":196.74,"body":"a conservation perspective of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":193.71,"endTime":196.74,"body":"what what are the species that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":196.74,"endTime":201.33,"body":"we know what to do to to save"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":196.74,"endTime":201.33,"body":"them? And what are the questions"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":201.33,"endTime":205.26,"body":"that and where are they? Where's"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":201.33,"endTime":205.26,"body":"the science that we need to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":205.26,"endTime":209.07,"body":"figure out which data gaps we"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":205.26,"endTime":209.07,"body":"need to fill to be able to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":210.33,"endTime":213.66,"body":"conduct conservation action? So"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":210.33,"endTime":213.66,"body":"that's really my job as Chief"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":213.66,"endTime":216.21,"body":"Scientist is figuring out what"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":213.66,"endTime":216.21,"body":"are the real outstanding"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":216.21,"endTime":217.62,"body":"questions that we need to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":216.21,"endTime":217.62,"body":"tackle."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":218.5,"endTime":220.6,"body":"Over here in the UK, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":218.5,"endTime":220.6,"body":"don't hear very much about Bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":220.6,"endTime":223.27,"body":"Conservation International"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":220.6,"endTime":223.27,"body":"because we have BCT as our as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":223.27,"endTime":227.41,"body":"our bat, charity, and NGO. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":223.27,"endTime":227.41,"body":"mean, how big is BCI? Because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":227.41,"endTime":229.66,"body":"obviously, I mean, what sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":227.41,"endTime":229.66,"body":"range do you cover? Do you do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":229.66,"endTime":231.46,"body":"you literally deal with the rest"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":229.66,"endTime":231.46,"body":"of the world?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":232.38,"endTime":237.99,"body":"We do, we have a global remit."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":232.38,"endTime":237.99,"body":"And you know, we are a US based"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":237.99,"endTime":242.22,"body":"nonprofit organisation. And for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":237.99,"endTime":242.22,"body":"a long while, we still have our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":242.22,"endTime":245.1,"body":"headquarters in Texas. But for a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":242.22,"endTime":245.1,"body":"long time, we were really based"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":245.1,"endTime":248.88,"body":"in Texas, we're now a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":245.1,"endTime":248.88,"body":"distributed organisation where"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":248.88,"endTime":252.06,"body":"we have staff all over the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":248.88,"endTime":252.06,"body":"United States. And we actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":252.06,"endTime":255.45,"body":"have some staff now also, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":252.06,"endTime":255.45,"body":"Mexico in the last couple of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":255.45,"endTime":258.21,"body":"years, we've really been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":255.45,"endTime":258.21,"body":"emphasising what we like to say,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":258.21,"endTime":261.39,"body":"putting the I into BCI. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":258.21,"endTime":261.39,"body":"putting the international into"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":261.39,"endTime":264.81,"body":"that Conservation International,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":261.39,"endTime":264.81,"body":"but we have projects all over"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":264.81,"endTime":270.03,"body":"the world. So in terms of like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":264.81,"endTime":270.03,"body":"our size, think our full time"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":270.03,"endTime":275.73,"body":"staff size is over 30 employees"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":270.03,"endTime":275.73,"body":"now. And we're continually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":275.73,"endTime":279.93,"body":"growing, we've been in a row"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":275.73,"endTime":279.93,"body":"growth phase. And we've got"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":279.93,"endTime":284.61,"body":"projects in Fiji and Jamaica in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":279.93,"endTime":284.61,"body":"a couple of different places in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":284.61,"endTime":289.38,"body":"Africa. A lot of our work still"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":284.61,"endTime":289.38,"body":"is based in the United States"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":289.38,"endTime":292.59,"body":"because that's where we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":289.38,"endTime":292.59,"body":"based, but we do feel like our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":292.59,"endTime":297.54,"body":"mission is to protect the bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":292.59,"endTime":297.54,"body":"species around the world. And so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":297.54,"endTime":301.98,"body":"we're we're really focused on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":297.54,"endTime":301.98,"body":"and growing our ability to work"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":301.98,"endTime":304.95,"body":"with local partners and local"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":301.98,"endTime":304.95,"body":"people around the world to help"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":304.95,"endTime":306.39,"body":"them achieve that conservation."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":307.32,"endTime":310.77,"body":"So an awful lot then, how do you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":307.32,"endTime":310.77,"body":"guys choose which bats to work"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":310.77,"endTime":313.29,"body":"with? And where does all that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":310.77,"endTime":313.29,"body":"funding come from?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":314.62,"endTime":317.14,"body":"Those are great questions. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":314.62,"endTime":317.14,"body":"so that was actually one of I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":317.14,"endTime":319.57,"body":"started working for Bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":317.14,"endTime":319.57,"body":"Conservation International,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":319.81,"endTime":322.69,"body":"about three and a half years"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":319.81,"endTime":322.69,"body":"ago. And that was one of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":322.69,"endTime":325.99,"body":"first things we had to sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":322.69,"endTime":325.99,"body":"tackle was what is like, how do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":325.99,"endTime":330.34,"body":"we prioritise right, and so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":325.99,"endTime":330.34,"body":"actually created a, a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":330.34,"endTime":335.26,"body":"prioritisation rubric that we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":330.34,"endTime":335.26,"body":"use. And it has basically three"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":335.26,"endTime":339.16,"body":"axes. So the first is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":335.26,"endTime":339.16,"body":"vulnerability, which is we look"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":339.16,"endTime":341.77,"body":"at what species are considered"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":339.16,"endTime":341.77,"body":"critically endangered or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":341.77,"endTime":344.62,"body":"endangered by the IUCN, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":341.77,"endTime":344.62,"body":"International Union for the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":344.62,"endTime":348.16,"body":"Conservation of Nature, as all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":344.62,"endTime":348.16,"body":"as well as species that are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":348.16,"endTime":353.68,"body":"listed on you know, individual"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":348.16,"endTime":353.68,"body":"country lists of impairment. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":353.8,"endTime":356.53,"body":"either whether that's a country"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":353.8,"endTime":356.53,"body":"read list or an endangered"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":356.53,"endTime":361.03,"body":"species act, there are whatnot."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":356.53,"endTime":361.03,"body":"But, you know, we published a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":361.03,"endTime":365.62,"body":"paper a couple of years ago"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":361.03,"endTime":365.62,"body":"that, that shows the current"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":365.62,"endTime":368.83,"body":"level, I haven't actually pulled"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":365.62,"endTime":368.83,"body":"the IUCN data this week, and it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":368.83,"endTime":371.32,"body":"changes all the time, but like,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":368.83,"endTime":371.32,"body":"you know, there's like 20 to 26"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":371.32,"endTime":374.08,"body":"Different species that are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":371.32,"endTime":374.08,"body":"critically endangered last time"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":374.08,"endTime":378.25,"body":"I looked, and all told about a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":374.08,"endTime":378.25,"body":"third of the of the bat fauna"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":378.25,"endTime":382.63,"body":"that's classified by the IUCN"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":378.25,"endTime":382.63,"body":"either either qualifies as some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":382.63,"endTime":388.3,"body":"category of threatened by the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":382.63,"endTime":388.3,"body":"IUCN, or, or data deficient. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":388.3,"endTime":391.39,"body":"vulnerability in and of itself"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":388.3,"endTime":391.39,"body":"isn't a particularly good,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":391.51,"endTime":394.84,"body":"prioritisation tool, because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":391.51,"endTime":394.84,"body":"there's more species than we can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":394.84,"endTime":399.97,"body":"get to in our lifetimes that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":394.84,"endTime":399.97,"body":"need our help. So the other axes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":399.97,"endTime":404.5,"body":"to the rubric are feasibility"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":399.97,"endTime":404.5,"body":"and impact. And so feasibility"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":404.5,"endTime":411.31,"body":"is really an internal look here"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":404.5,"endTime":411.31,"body":"at BCI. Of what what? What are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":411.31,"endTime":414.52,"body":"our skills and expertise and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":411.31,"endTime":414.52,"body":"ability to execute work that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":414.52,"endTime":418.24,"body":"will actually help protect the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":414.52,"endTime":418.24,"body":"species? And then impact is are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":418.24,"endTime":423.22,"body":"there are there known actions"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":418.24,"endTime":423.22,"body":"that we can take that we have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":423.97,"endTime":427.75,"body":"confidence in can actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":423.97,"endTime":427.75,"body":"mitigate or reduce the the the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":427.81,"endTime":433.57,"body":"stressors or the threat? So we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":427.81,"endTime":433.57,"body":"sort of look at, you know, what"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":433.57,"endTime":436.03,"body":"are the what are the really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":433.57,"endTime":436.03,"body":"imperilled species that need our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":436.03,"endTime":439.93,"body":"immediate attention? What are we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":436.03,"endTime":439.93,"body":"positioned to be able to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":439.93,"endTime":443.11,"body":"feasibly carry out? And then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":439.93,"endTime":443.11,"body":"other things that we could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":443.11,"endTime":447.19,"body":"feasibly do? What kind of impact"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":443.11,"endTime":447.19,"body":"it will have in in, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":447.19,"endTime":450.97,"body":"protecting a species? I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":447.19,"endTime":450.97,"body":"get to the money question. How"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":450.97,"endTime":454.48,"body":"do we fund it? You know, that's,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":450.97,"endTime":454.48,"body":"it's really that's the big"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":454.48,"endTime":458.02,"body":"challenge, right? In"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":454.48,"endTime":458.02,"body":"conservation. And I think that,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":459.01,"endTime":462.94,"body":"you know, it's actually, it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":459.01,"endTime":462.94,"body":"hard, because, I mean, this is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":462.94,"endTime":466.24,"body":"common problem that's known, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":462.94,"endTime":466.24,"body":"know, pretty, pretty broadly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":466.24,"endTime":470.11,"body":"that where conservation is most"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":466.24,"endTime":470.11,"body":"needed in the world is also some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":470.11,"endTime":473.05,"body":"of the hardest work to fund."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":470.11,"endTime":473.05,"body":"Because it's not typically where"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":473.05,"endTime":476.89,"body":"the dollars come from. So it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":473.05,"endTime":476.89,"body":"really about clear messaging and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":476.89,"endTime":483.97,"body":"talking to our membership and to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":476.89,"endTime":483.97,"body":"our donors, about the work that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":483.97,"endTime":487.75,"body":"we do, and the value of it and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":483.97,"endTime":487.75,"body":"the value of that conservation"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":487.75,"endTime":492.19,"body":"to the health of the planet and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":487.75,"endTime":492.19,"body":"global health. And it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":492.19,"endTime":494.74,"body":"actually, I think, I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":492.19,"endTime":494.74,"body":"there's real compelling"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":494.74,"endTime":495.91,"body":"arguments to make there."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":496.95,"endTime":500.28,"body":"For the listeners"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":496.95,"endTime":500.28,"body":"over in the US. Do you have any"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":500.28,"endTime":502.05,"body":"advice for people who want to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":500.28,"endTime":502.05,"body":"get involved in bat"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":502.05,"endTime":502.83,"body":"conservation?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":504.69,"endTime":506.64,"body":"Yeah, that's a"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":504.69,"endTime":506.64,"body":"great question. And one that I"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":506.64,"endTime":515.88,"body":"think is is I mean, so you can"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":506.64,"endTime":515.88,"body":"become a member of BCI. And"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":515.88,"endTime":521.37,"body":"that's actually a great way to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":515.88,"endTime":521.37,"body":"sort of have access to, you"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":521.37,"endTime":524.73,"body":"know, activities that are that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":521.37,"endTime":524.73,"body":"are happening or, or ways to be"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":525.84,"endTime":531.15,"body":"supportive and involved in in"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":525.84,"endTime":531.15,"body":"bat conservation. In the United"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":531.15,"endTime":535.98,"body":"States, we don't have the same"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":531.15,"endTime":535.98,"body":"history of like community"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":535.98,"endTime":539.97,"body":"science. So we use called"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":535.98,"endTime":539.97,"body":"Citizen Science and there's a"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":539.97,"endTime":542.64,"body":"move to try to use language that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":539.97,"endTime":542.64,"body":"is a little bit more inclusive."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":542.64,"endTime":545.25,"body":"And so we've we've renamed"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":542.64,"endTime":545.25,"body":"citizen science, community"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":545.25,"endTime":550.53,"body":"science. And in the UK, there's"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":545.25,"endTime":550.53,"body":"this great history of people"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":550.53,"endTime":553.89,"body":"being involved in helping with"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":550.53,"endTime":553.89,"body":"monitoring and helping, you"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":553.89,"endTime":558.72,"body":"know, go out and collect data"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":553.89,"endTime":558.72,"body":"and be involved. And that, that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":558.72,"endTime":562.35,"body":"doesn't really exist in the US"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":558.72,"endTime":562.35,"body":"yet. I mean, that's starting to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":562.35,"endTime":567.12,"body":"we're starting to build that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":562.35,"endTime":567.12,"body":"kind of insurance, interest and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":568.29,"endTime":572.46,"body":"an activity so at BCI we've"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":568.29,"endTime":572.46,"body":"started a bat walks programme."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":573.24,"endTime":578.04,"body":"That's, it's not universal yet,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":573.24,"endTime":578.04,"body":"but it's in the pilots stages."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":578.04,"endTime":580.92,"body":"And we've been working on it in"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":578.04,"endTime":580.92,"body":"Texas and in Florida and some"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":580.92,"endTime":585.06,"body":"other places to really involve"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":580.92,"endTime":585.06,"body":"people and being able to go out"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":585.06,"endTime":588.78,"body":"and appreciate bats listen for"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":585.06,"endTime":588.78,"body":"bats, using handheld back"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":588.78,"endTime":594.24,"body":"detectors. And my big dream is"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":588.78,"endTime":594.24,"body":"to take that idea and help"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":594.87,"endTime":599.97,"body":"create ways in which people can"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":594.87,"endTime":599.97,"body":"collect data that will be used"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":600.0,"endTime":603.81,"body":"spool for the wave this North"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":600.0,"endTime":603.81,"body":"American bat monitoring"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":603.81,"endTime":609.03,"body":"programme in, in the US right"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":603.81,"endTime":609.03,"body":"now and in Canada. And so being"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":609.03,"endTime":613.11,"body":"able to get people involved in"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":609.03,"endTime":613.11,"body":"helping us collect data to that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":613.11,"endTime":617.04,"body":"will, that are ultimately used"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":613.11,"endTime":617.04,"body":"for helping us determine what"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":617.04,"endTime":621.81,"body":"our status and trends for our"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":617.04,"endTime":621.81,"body":"bat populations are. So that's"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":621.81,"endTime":625.11,"body":"stuff that we're working towards"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":621.81,"endTime":625.11,"body":"right now. Like, the best advice"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":625.11,"endTime":629.55,"body":"I can give is to check out our"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":625.11,"endTime":629.55,"body":"website and maybe become a"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":629.55,"endTime":633.57,"body":"member and think about ways of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":629.55,"endTime":633.57,"body":"supporting Bat Conservation"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":633.57,"endTime":634.5,"body":"organisations."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":635.46,"endTime":637.68,"body":"What are the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":635.46,"endTime":637.68,"body":"challenges with covering such a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":637.68,"endTime":641.28,"body":"vast area? I mean, the USA alone"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":637.68,"endTime":641.28,"body":"isn't exactly a small area, how"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":641.28,"endTime":643.47,"body":"do you guys manage to do it all?"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":641.28,"endTime":643.47,"body":"Really?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":646.59,"endTime":648.66,"body":"They're just"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":646.59,"endTime":648.66,"body":"pure grit and determination."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":650.76,"endTime":656.25,"body":"Yeah, it's, you know, I think"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":650.76,"endTime":656.25,"body":"it's, well, you know, COVID has"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":656.25,"endTime":659.46,"body":"made it way more complicated, we"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":656.25,"endTime":659.46,"body":"actually mean, one of the one of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":659.46,"endTime":663.45,"body":"the challenges that you have"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":659.46,"endTime":663.45,"body":"with doing really effective Bat"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":663.45,"endTime":666.06,"body":"Conservation around the world is"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":663.45,"endTime":666.06,"body":"that working with bats is is"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":666.06,"endTime":670.35,"body":"such a specialised thing. And"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":666.06,"endTime":670.35,"body":"you really have to have a lot of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":670.35,"endTime":675.12,"body":"experience and a lot of a lot of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":670.35,"endTime":675.12,"body":"training to be able to do it"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":675.15,"endTime":679.98,"body":"safely for the bands. And in"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":675.15,"endTime":679.98,"body":"ways that can, that your that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":679.98,"endTime":684.21,"body":"your actions and research itself"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":679.98,"endTime":684.21,"body":"isn't, doesn't have a negative"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":684.21,"endTime":688.53,"body":"impact. And so what we have"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":684.21,"endTime":688.53,"body":"found is that, you know, just"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":689.85,"endTime":692.91,"body":"that we sort of take this, what"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":689.85,"endTime":692.91,"body":"I kind of don't like sort of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":692.91,"endTime":696.42,"body":"partners in the field approach,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":692.91,"endTime":696.42,"body":"which is that really is very"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":696.42,"endTime":699.6,"body":"helpful to work side by side"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":696.42,"endTime":699.6,"body":"with our local partners, and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":699.84,"endTime":704.76,"body":"really be there to be conducting"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":699.84,"endTime":704.76,"body":"work, but that also has real"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":704.76,"endTime":707.7,"body":"collaborative and sort of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":704.76,"endTime":707.7,"body":"training components so that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":708.0,"endTime":714.12,"body":"people on the ground and various"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":708.0,"endTime":714.12,"body":"places gain the ability to have"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":714.12,"endTime":716.31,"body":"access to a lot of the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":714.12,"endTime":716.31,"body":"specialised equipment and a lot"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":716.31,"endTime":721.65,"body":"of the specialised training. And"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":716.31,"endTime":721.65,"body":"so that requires a lot of travel"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":721.65,"endTime":725.85,"body":"and a lot of, you know, staff"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":721.65,"endTime":725.85,"body":"time, because it's not just that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":725.88,"endTime":729.33,"body":"there aren't a lot and a lot of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":725.88,"endTime":729.33,"body":"places, there are other NGOs"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":729.33,"endTime":733.53,"body":"that have or other conservation"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":729.33,"endTime":733.53,"body":"organisations that have people"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":733.53,"endTime":738.93,"body":"on staff who can conduct on the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":733.53,"endTime":738.93,"body":"ground bat work. And so that's"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":738.93,"endTime":742.62,"body":"where it really is about"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":738.93,"endTime":742.62,"body":"collaboration and working with"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":742.65,"endTime":748.86,"body":"with folks. So that that means"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":742.65,"endTime":748.86,"body":"that we spend quite a bit of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":748.86,"endTime":751.56,"body":"time before COVID, I spend quite"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":748.86,"endTime":751.56,"body":"a bit of my time, you know,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":751.56,"endTime":754.8,"body":"travelling to places and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":751.56,"endTime":754.8,"body":"working, working in different"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":754.8,"endTime":760.56,"body":"places with people. But that's"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":754.8,"endTime":760.56,"body":"obviously been hasn't hasn't so"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":760.56,"endTime":764.28,"body":"much happened in 2020. But"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":760.56,"endTime":764.28,"body":"luckily, we you know, that that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":764.28,"endTime":767.28,"body":"approach also means that we"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":764.28,"endTime":767.28,"body":"build really close connections"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":767.28,"endTime":771.57,"body":"and strong connections with our,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":767.28,"endTime":771.57,"body":"our partners, and so they're"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":771.57,"endTime":775.5,"body":"able to be continuing to do the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":771.57,"endTime":775.5,"body":"work. Even in this time of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":775.0,"endTime":778.03,"body":"That was gonna be my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":775.0,"endTime":778.03,"body":"next question. How are you guys"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":775.5,"endTime":775.95,"body":"COVID."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":778.03,"endTime":781.03,"body":"coping with COVID? And how you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":778.03,"endTime":781.03,"body":"mentioned to get on with your"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":781.03,"endTime":781.75,"body":"activities?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":781.9,"endTime":784.75,"body":"Yeah, I mean, we've we had to,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":781.9,"endTime":784.75,"body":"we've had to delay a number of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":784.75,"endTime":788.86,"body":"projects. You know, I think I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":784.75,"endTime":788.86,"body":"don't know how familiar the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":788.86,"endTime":792.88,"body":"listeners are with the concern"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":788.86,"endTime":792.88,"body":"that given that there were so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":792.88,"endTime":796.75,"body":"many uncertainties about COVID."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":792.88,"endTime":796.75,"body":"And the fact that there was some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":796.75,"endTime":803.17,"body":"evidence that other mammals"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":796.75,"endTime":803.17,"body":"could actually get contract"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":803.17,"endTime":806.35,"body":"COVID and get sick. So there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":803.17,"endTime":806.35,"body":"the, you know, the Minks that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":806.35,"endTime":809.38,"body":"were getting sick in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":806.35,"endTime":809.38,"body":"Netherlands, and there were some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":810.34,"endTime":815.08,"body":"tigers that got sick at the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":810.34,"endTime":815.08,"body":"Bronx Zoo. There rose a credible"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":815.08,"endTime":820.06,"body":"concern that bats could actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":815.08,"endTime":820.06,"body":"get exposed to SARS, Cov-2, to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":820.06,"endTime":824.02,"body":"the virus that causes COVID. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":820.06,"endTime":824.02,"body":"we didn't know what that might"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":824.02,"endTime":829.24,"body":"happen if bats got exposed, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":824.02,"endTime":829.24,"body":"you know, for those of us who"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":829.24,"endTime":833.02,"body":"work and on white nose syndrome"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":829.24,"endTime":833.02,"body":"in North America, we have very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":833.02,"endTime":835.51,"body":"little patience for the idea of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":833.02,"endTime":835.51,"body":"a novel pathogen getting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":835.51,"endTime":839.62,"body":"introduced to our native bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":835.51,"endTime":839.62,"body":"populations. And so the bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":839.62,"endTime":843.94,"body":"conservation community, globally"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":839.62,"endTime":843.94,"body":"decided, both here in the United"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":843.94,"endTime":847.33,"body":"States, but then also there, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":843.94,"endTime":847.33,"body":"IUCN bat specialist group"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":847.33,"endTime":850.78,"body":"decided that that best practice"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":847.33,"endTime":850.78,"body":"would be to reduce the chance"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":850.78,"endTime":857.29,"body":"that humans could expose bats to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":850.78,"endTime":857.29,"body":"the virus. And so I've been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":857.29,"endTime":860.74,"body":"involved with the IUCN spat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":857.29,"endTime":860.74,"body":"specialist group has come up"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":860.74,"endTime":863.92,"body":"with a come out with a series of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":860.74,"endTime":863.92,"body":"guidance for anybody who comes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":863.92,"endTime":866.32,"body":"in contact with bats of how to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":863.92,"endTime":866.32,"body":"reduce the chance that you could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":866.32,"endTime":870.01,"body":"expose bats the virus and that,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":866.32,"endTime":870.01,"body":"in large part comes from the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":870.01,"endTime":873.88,"body":"fact that as in bat researchers"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":870.01,"endTime":873.88,"body":"and our standard practice, right"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":873.88,"endTime":877.57,"body":"is that if you, if you have a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":873.88,"endTime":877.57,"body":"bat and you're handling it, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":877.72,"endTime":880.75,"body":"it starts to chew on your glove,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":877.72,"endTime":880.75,"body":"you might blow on its face to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":880.75,"endTime":884.32,"body":"get it to stop chewing on you."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":880.75,"endTime":884.32,"body":"Well, if you're an asymptomatic"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":884.32,"endTime":888.1,"body":"shedder of of a virus, then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":884.32,"endTime":888.1,"body":"you've just blown respiratory"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":888.1,"endTime":893.86,"body":"droplets on this poor bats face."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":888.1,"endTime":893.86,"body":"So there are some PPE. You know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":893.89,"endTime":897.58,"body":"we had to really change the way"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":893.89,"endTime":897.58,"body":"that we do bat work when white"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":897.58,"endTime":899.89,"body":"nose syndrome happened because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":897.58,"endTime":899.89,"body":"we had to really think about is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":900.31,"endTime":904.27,"body":"our responsibility of not"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":900.31,"endTime":904.27,"body":"potentially spreading the fungus"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":905.02,"endTime":907.66,"body":"that causes white nose syndrome"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":905.02,"endTime":907.66,"body":"from from site to site or from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":907.66,"endTime":911.2,"body":"bat to bat. And that really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":907.66,"endTime":911.2,"body":"changed a lot of what we call"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":911.2,"endTime":916.6,"body":"field hygiene, terms of the way"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":911.2,"endTime":916.6,"body":"that we conduct fieldwork. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":916.6,"endTime":922.69,"body":"so a lot of those steps towards"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":916.6,"endTime":922.69,"body":"better field hygiene also are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":922.69,"endTime":926.38,"body":"just generally best practices"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":922.69,"endTime":926.38,"body":"for reducing any chance of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":926.89,"endTime":931.39,"body":"moving pathogens around in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":926.89,"endTime":931.39,"body":"either direction. And, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":931.39,"endTime":936.82,"body":"really the biggest change then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":931.39,"endTime":936.82,"body":"is wearing wearing a face mask."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":936.85,"endTime":940.51,"body":"So that basically the kinds of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":936.85,"endTime":940.51,"body":"things that you do to protect"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":940.51,"endTime":942.73,"body":"other people you should be doing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":940.51,"endTime":942.73,"body":"to protect wildlife."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":943.53,"endTime":945.87,"body":"Here, I was gonna say though,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":943.53,"endTime":945.87,"body":"those guidelines he wrote on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":945.87,"endTime":948.57,"body":"decontamination protocols we use"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":945.87,"endTime":948.57,"body":"over here in the UK when we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":948.57,"endTime":951.48,"body":"doing hibernation surveys, even"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":948.57,"endTime":951.48,"body":"though we haven't got white nose"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":951.48,"endTime":954.39,"body":"syndrome. Luckily, we still"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":951.48,"endTime":954.39,"body":"insist that if people are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":954.39,"endTime":958.38,"body":"travelling outside of the local"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":954.39,"endTime":958.38,"body":"area into our county, we asked"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":958.38,"endTime":961.2,"body":"them to decontaminate in and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":958.38,"endTime":961.2,"body":"wash all their stuff before they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":961.2,"endTime":962.61,"body":"enter our cave sites as well."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":963.0,"endTime":965.76,"body":"It's just really best practice."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":963.0,"endTime":965.76,"body":"I mean, I think that I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":965.76,"endTime":969.21,"body":"that's the big, you know, one of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":965.76,"endTime":969.21,"body":"the big lessons for white nose"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":969.21,"endTime":971.94,"body":"is I mean, we didn't do it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":969.21,"endTime":971.94,"body":"before white nose. But that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":971.94,"endTime":974.1,"body":"doesn't mean that there isn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":971.94,"endTime":974.1,"body":"some other pathogen that if you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":974.1,"endTime":976.71,"body":"introduced it accidentally,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":974.1,"endTime":976.71,"body":"somewhere that other that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":976.71,"endTime":979.83,"body":"something similar could happen,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":976.71,"endTime":979.83,"body":"right? And, and it's challenging"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":979.83,"endTime":984.18,"body":"as you, you know, you the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":979.83,"endTime":984.18,"body":"ability to implement those kinds"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":984.18,"endTime":988.86,"body":"of strict decontamination rules"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":984.18,"endTime":988.86,"body":"on that kind of level of PPE is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":989.04,"endTime":991.83,"body":"harder to implement in certain"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":989.04,"endTime":991.83,"body":"places, just because access to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":991.83,"endTime":996.33,"body":"PPE is harder to get, or it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":991.83,"endTime":996.33,"body":"more expensive. But I do think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":996.33,"endTime":1000.05,"body":"that there's lots of ways in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":996.33,"endTime":1000.05,"body":"which we can, as a, as a general"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1000.05,"endTime":1003.29,"body":"community of global bat,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1000.05,"endTime":1003.29,"body":"researchers do a better job with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1003.32,"endTime":1007.34,"body":"our field hygiene. And so that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1003.32,"endTime":1007.34,"body":"COVID was a bit of a chance to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1007.34,"endTime":1010.46,"body":"try to talk more broadly about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1007.34,"endTime":1010.46,"body":"that and kind of change some of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1010.46,"endTime":1013.76,"body":"the culture around, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1010.46,"endTime":1013.76,"body":"about research handling. I mean,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1013.76,"endTime":1017.99,"body":"when I started doing that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1013.76,"endTime":1017.99,"body":"research, you know, it wasn't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1017.99,"endTime":1020.63,"body":"really I mean, yeah, everybody"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1017.99,"endTime":1020.63,"body":"was vaccinated for rabies. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1020.63,"endTime":1023.63,"body":"other than that, there's really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1020.63,"endTime":1023.63,"body":"no attention to me, we'd have a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1023.63,"endTime":1027.23,"body":"bag of chips on the processing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1023.63,"endTime":1027.23,"body":"table, you know, and you did sit"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1027.23,"endTime":1029.66,"body":"there and process bands and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1027.23,"endTime":1029.66,"body":"reach into the chip bag. You"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1029.66,"endTime":1034.58,"body":"know, it's just unthinkable now,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1029.66,"endTime":1034.58,"body":"but, but that's still I think,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1034.58,"endTime":1036.83,"body":"you know, that there's still a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1034.58,"endTime":1036.83,"body":"little bit of that kind of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1036.83,"endTime":1038.69,"body":"mentality out there. And so."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1039.17,"endTime":1042.68,"body":"Yeah, definitely. And we kept"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1039.17,"endTime":1042.68,"body":"mentioning white nose syndrome"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1042.68,"endTime":1047.33,"body":"there just to delve into that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1042.68,"endTime":1047.33,"body":"subject area. I mean, I remember"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1047.36,"endTime":1050.33,"body":"being at a National Bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1047.36,"endTime":1050.33,"body":"Conference over here in in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1050.33,"endTime":1054.5,"body":"UK, in around 2006, when Emily"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1050.33,"endTime":1054.5,"body":"Davis came over to give a talk"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1054.5,"endTime":1057.35,"body":"about this worrying new"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1054.5,"endTime":1057.35,"body":"discovery of large numbers of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1057.35,"endTime":1060.62,"body":"bats dine in a small number of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1057.35,"endTime":1060.62,"body":"caves near New York. So just to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1060.62,"endTime":1064.01,"body":"recap, as listeners, what's the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1060.62,"endTime":1064.01,"body":"beginning of that story of when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1064.01,"endTime":1065.87,"body":"white nose syndrome was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1064.01,"endTime":1065.87,"body":"discovered? And when did we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1065.87,"endTime":1069.41,"body":"realise it was much more serious"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1065.87,"endTime":1069.41,"body":"than when we first discovered"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1069.41,"endTime":1069.56,"body":"it?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1071.16,"endTime":1074.25,"body":"Well, really, we we knew it was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1071.16,"endTime":1074.25,"body":"really serious almost from the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1074.25,"endTime":1077.67,"body":"beginning. So the story of white"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1074.25,"endTime":1077.67,"body":"nose syndrome is that well,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1078.48,"endTime":1083.1,"body":"every every other so the Indiana"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1078.48,"endTime":1083.1,"body":"bats are Myotis sodalis is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1083.1,"endTime":1087.42,"body":"species of bat that is federally"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1083.1,"endTime":1087.42,"body":"listed on the federal Endangered"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1087.42,"endTime":1091.47,"body":"Species Act in the United"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1087.42,"endTime":1091.47,"body":"States. And as part of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1092.25,"endTime":1096.3,"body":"recovery plan for that species,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1092.25,"endTime":1096.3,"body":"biologists were required to go"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1096.3,"endTime":1100.71,"body":"in on an every other year cycle"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1096.3,"endTime":1100.71,"body":"to count the number of Indiana"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1100.71,"endTime":1103.11,"body":"bats hibernating. This is a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1100.71,"endTime":1103.11,"body":"species that forms large"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1103.11,"endTime":1107.7,"body":"aggregations underground, in a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1103.11,"endTime":1107.7,"body":"lot of state biologists. So in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1107.7,"endTime":1111.9,"body":"the in the US and the range of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1107.7,"endTime":1111.9,"body":"the Indiana bat, which was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1111.93,"endTime":1116.22,"body":"northeast and into the what we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1111.93,"endTime":1116.22,"body":"call the Midwest, in the US."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1117.84,"endTime":1121.02,"body":"We're on a cycle to go count"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1117.84,"endTime":1121.02,"body":"Indiana bats. And so when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1121.02,"endTime":1125.64,"body":"they're when they're underground"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1121.02,"endTime":1125.64,"body":"for the winter. And luckily, a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1125.64,"endTime":1128.4,"body":"lot of those biologists also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1125.64,"endTime":1128.4,"body":"would then count any other"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1128.4,"endTime":1130.32,"body":"species that were co occurring"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1128.4,"endTime":1130.32,"body":"with them. So that includes"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1130.32,"endTime":1134.07,"body":"little brown bats, also the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1130.32,"endTime":1134.07,"body":"northern long eared bat, in some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1134.07,"endTime":1139.26,"body":"areas, the tri coloured bat. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1134.07,"endTime":1139.26,"body":"so Al Hicks, who was the state"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1139.26,"endTime":1141.21,"body":"biologist for the New York"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1139.26,"endTime":1141.21,"body":"Department of Environmental"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1141.21,"endTime":1145.77,"body":"Conservation, went in to do his"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1141.21,"endTime":1145.77,"body":"annual surveys and notice"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1145.77,"endTime":1147.69,"body":"something he'd never seen"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1145.77,"endTime":1147.69,"body":"before, which was that there"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1147.69,"endTime":1150.99,"body":"were large piles of dead bats on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1147.69,"endTime":1150.99,"body":"the floor of of the caves in New"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1150.99,"endTime":1155.07,"body":"York. This was obviously super"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1150.99,"endTime":1155.07,"body":"worrying. And there was this,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1155.1,"endTime":1159.21,"body":"you know, white stuff on their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1155.1,"endTime":1159.21,"body":"faces that wasn't known before."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1159.6,"endTime":1167.16,"body":"And one of the ways in which we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1159.6,"endTime":1167.16,"body":"accurately counted Indiana bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1167.19,"endTime":1170.16,"body":"was to actually take photographs"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1167.19,"endTime":1170.16,"body":"of them to be able to then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1170.25,"endTime":1172.92,"body":"subsequently count the noses in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1170.25,"endTime":1172.92,"body":"the photos because that was a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1173.16,"endTime":1176.22,"body":"more reliable and less"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1173.16,"endTime":1176.22,"body":"disruptive way of counting them."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1176.46,"endTime":1179.55,"body":"So after the fact, I was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1176.46,"endTime":1179.55,"body":"actually able to go back and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1179.55,"endTime":1181.68,"body":"look through all those photos"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1179.55,"endTime":1181.68,"body":"and see that there was never"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1181.68,"endTime":1185.55,"body":"before any photo documentation"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1181.68,"endTime":1185.55,"body":"of white noses on these bats."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1185.55,"endTime":1188.64,"body":"And so that was an indication"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1185.55,"endTime":1188.64,"body":"that this was we can pinpoint"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1188.64,"endTime":1192.6,"body":"sort of the novel introduction,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1188.64,"endTime":1192.6,"body":"there was a photo from 2006. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1192.69,"endTime":1196.44,"body":"owl, I think first saw the dice"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1192.69,"endTime":1196.44,"body":"in 2007. But it looks like and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1196.44,"endTime":1199.05,"body":"now now that we've studied white"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1196.44,"endTime":1199.05,"body":"nose for over a decade, we know"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1199.05,"endTime":1201.75,"body":"that the fungus fever Isn't it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1199.05,"endTime":1201.75,"body":"takes a couple of years for it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1201.75,"endTime":1204.45,"body":"to sort of ramp up in the system"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1201.75,"endTime":1204.45,"body":"and then bats start to die. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1204.51,"endTime":1207.21,"body":"the fungus had probably got"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1204.51,"endTime":1207.21,"body":"there and either [20]05 or 06."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1207.39,"endTime":1212.88,"body":"The first photos were from 06,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1207.39,"endTime":1212.88,"body":"and the die-outs were from 07."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1213.48,"endTime":1218.01,"body":"So and then since then, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1213.48,"endTime":1218.01,"body":"know, so it didn't take very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1218.01,"endTime":1223.59,"body":"long then for Al was really good"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1218.01,"endTime":1223.59,"body":"at, you know, kind of pulling a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1223.59,"endTime":1226.02,"body":"bunch of people together and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1223.59,"endTime":1226.02,"body":"taking a quick look and getting"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1226.02,"endTime":1228.6,"body":"a collaborative response. It"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1226.02,"endTime":1228.6,"body":"involved the US Fish and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1228.6,"endTime":1231.12,"body":"Wildlife Service because it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1228.6,"endTime":1231.12,"body":"both federally endangered"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1231.12,"endTime":1234.96,"body":"species, as well as the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1231.12,"endTime":1234.96,"body":"consortium of sort of state"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1235.02,"endTime":1238.56,"body":"managers who are responsible for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1235.02,"endTime":1238.56,"body":"managing wildlife at the state"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1238.56,"endTime":1241.14,"body":"level, and involve the National"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1238.56,"endTime":1241.14,"body":"Wildlife Health Centre and they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1241.14,"endTime":1244.86,"body":"identified the fungus. Very"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1241.14,"endTime":1244.86,"body":"quickly, Europeans also became"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1244.86,"endTime":1248.88,"body":"involved as we started to try to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1244.86,"endTime":1248.88,"body":"look for where where this fungus"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1248.88,"endTime":1251.94,"body":"might have come from. And so I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1248.88,"endTime":1251.94,"body":"think it was only a couple of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1251.94,"endTime":1254.61,"body":"years later that Sebastian"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1251.94,"endTime":1254.61,"body":"FreshMail published the first"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1254.61,"endTime":1258.3,"body":"paper showing that the fungus"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1254.61,"endTime":1258.3,"body":"had been found in France. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1258.3,"endTime":1261.24,"body":"since then there's been a large"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1258.3,"endTime":1261.24,"body":"body of work showing how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1261.24,"endTime":1264.06,"body":"widespread the fungus is,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1261.24,"endTime":1264.06,"body":"throughout Europe and then also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1264.06,"endTime":1267.96,"body":"in temperate Asia. But in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1264.06,"endTime":1267.96,"body":"meantime, in the early days, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1267.96,"endTime":1272.4,"body":"the North America became quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1267.96,"endTime":1272.4,"body":"clear that this was having a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1272.4,"endTime":1278.22,"body":"devastating impact to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1272.4,"endTime":1278.22,"body":"hibernating bat species. And you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1278.22,"endTime":1280.71,"body":"know, we've we've lost, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1278.22,"endTime":1280.71,"body":"know, probably millions of bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1280.74,"endTime":1283.68,"body":"from the disease at this point,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1280.74,"endTime":1283.68,"body":"and it's spread basically across"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1283.71,"endTime":1288.3,"body":"North America. It's now sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1283.71,"endTime":1288.3,"body":"coast to coast although it's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1288.3,"endTime":1291.54,"body":"little more patchily"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1288.3,"endTime":1291.54,"body":"distributed. Once you get past"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1291.57,"endTime":1294.78,"body":"there's been a strong wavefront"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1291.57,"endTime":1294.78,"body":"through Eastern and into the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1294.78,"endTime":1298.05,"body":"Midwest, and then that it also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1294.78,"endTime":1298.05,"body":"is occurring in Washington"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1298.05,"endTime":1298.47,"body":"State."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1299.37,"endTime":1301.56,"body":"And why does it"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1299.37,"endTime":1301.56,"body":"spread so rapidly? You know,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1301.56,"endTime":1303.51,"body":"like you said in that last"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1301.56,"endTime":1303.51,"body":"decade, it's spread right across"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1303.51,"endTime":1306.69,"body":"North America and a clear east"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1303.51,"endTime":1306.69,"body":"to west pattern what why is it"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1306.69,"endTime":1307.83,"body":"move so rapidly?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1309.04,"endTime":1311.83,"body":"Well, so the disease is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1309.04,"endTime":1311.83,"body":"caused by a fungus that is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1311.83,"endTime":1316.03,"body":"capable of persisting in, in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1311.83,"endTime":1316.03,"body":"hibernacula in the caves and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1316.03,"endTime":1319.69,"body":"mines where bats are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1316.03,"endTime":1319.69,"body":"hibernating. So once I mean, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1319.69,"endTime":1322.96,"body":"fungus really grows on the skin"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1319.69,"endTime":1322.96,"body":"tissues, and the bats shed it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1323.41,"endTime":1328.45,"body":"while it and shed the, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1323.41,"endTime":1328.45,"body":"Canadia which is the equivalent"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1328.45,"endTime":1334.81,"body":"of like a spore. And and so then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1328.45,"endTime":1334.81,"body":"in that can persist for a long"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1334.81,"endTime":1338.17,"body":"time in these underground"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1334.81,"endTime":1338.17,"body":"environments. And so when bands"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1338.17,"endTime":1340.84,"body":"come and visit the underground"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1338.17,"endTime":1340.84,"body":"environments, they are capable"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1340.84,"endTime":1345.46,"body":"of picking it up from the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1340.84,"endTime":1345.46,"body":"surface of the caves, and then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1345.49,"endTime":1349.15,"body":"in carrying it on their skin"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1345.49,"endTime":1349.15,"body":"tissues. And then events are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1349.54,"endTime":1352.57,"body":"moving around quite quite a bit,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1349.54,"endTime":1352.57,"body":"and probably a lot more than we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1352.57,"endTime":1357.49,"body":"give them credit for. So you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1352.57,"endTime":1357.49,"body":"know that? And I think, you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1357.49,"endTime":1362.77,"body":"know, some work that my graduate"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1357.49,"endTime":1362.77,"body":"student who's now a professor at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1362.77,"endTime":1366.61,"body":"Virginia Tech, Dr. Kate Langwig,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1362.77,"endTime":1366.61,"body":"did as part of her PhD, really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1366.61,"endTime":1369.7,"body":"showed that infection are sort"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1366.61,"endTime":1369.7,"body":"of really ramps up once that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1369.7,"endTime":1373.84,"body":"start hibernating. But I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1369.7,"endTime":1373.84,"body":"bats are still moving quite a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1373.84,"endTime":1376.24,"body":"bit during that winter time,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1373.84,"endTime":1376.24,"body":"more than we probably"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1376.24,"endTime":1378.97,"body":"anticipated. So yeah, I mean, I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1376.24,"endTime":1378.97,"body":"think it's primarily"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1378.97,"endTime":1381.55,"body":"transmitted. I think our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1378.97,"endTime":1381.55,"body":"understanding at this point is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1381.55,"endTime":1385.42,"body":"it's training, primarily spread"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1381.55,"endTime":1385.42,"body":"through back to bat movements"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1385.42,"endTime":1389.62,"body":"and back to back contact and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1385.42,"endTime":1389.62,"body":"back to site contact. But it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1389.62,"endTime":1392.41,"body":"also quite possible for people"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1389.62,"endTime":1392.41,"body":"to move it around. And that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1392.41,"endTime":1394.84,"body":"been one of the things that we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1392.41,"endTime":1394.84,"body":"can try to do for from"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1394.84,"endTime":1399.31,"body":"management perspectives is and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1394.84,"endTime":1399.31,"body":"that's the whole point about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1399.31,"endTime":1402.04,"body":"decontamination is really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1399.31,"endTime":1402.04,"body":"reducing the chance that people"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1402.04,"endTime":1406.63,"body":"are moving this around because"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1402.04,"endTime":1406.63,"body":"it's a you know, it's an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1406.63,"endTime":1412.84,"body":"invisible fungal pathogen and so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1406.63,"endTime":1412.84,"body":"you go into a cave and you get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1412.84,"endTime":1415.27,"body":"it on your clothes and your"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1412.84,"endTime":1415.27,"body":"boots and then if you don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1415.3,"endTime":1418.24,"body":"clean your equipment, then you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1415.3,"endTime":1418.24,"body":"go somewhere else, it's quite"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1418.24,"endTime":1420.28,"body":"possible for you to transport"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1418.24,"endTime":1420.28,"body":"it."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1421.01,"endTime":1423.83,"body":"Um, why do we think"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1421.01,"endTime":1423.83,"body":"it took so long for for the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1423.83,"endTime":1426.65,"body":"fungus to arrive in the US, you"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1423.83,"endTime":1426.65,"body":"know, cave has been travelling"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1426.65,"endTime":1430.1,"body":"around the worlds for for"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1426.65,"endTime":1430.1,"body":"decades before 2006 Do we know?"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1430.67,"endTime":1432.71,"body":"What what caused it to arrive"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1430.67,"endTime":1432.71,"body":"all of a sudden?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1433.7,"endTime":1435.83,"body":"No, I mean, what"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1433.7,"endTime":1435.83,"body":"we know is that it first showed"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1435.83,"endTime":1440.72,"body":"up at a popular tourist like a"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1435.83,"endTime":1440.72,"body":"showcase where lots of people"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1440.72,"endTime":1443.57,"body":"are moving through so I think"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1440.72,"endTime":1443.57,"body":"it's just one of those sort of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1443.6,"endTime":1447.47,"body":"you know, stochastic things"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1443.6,"endTime":1447.47,"body":"where it was just the right"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1447.47,"endTime":1451.94,"body":"combination of you know, someone"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1447.47,"endTime":1451.94,"body":"didn't you know, didn't didn't"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1451.94,"endTime":1455.72,"body":"clean I mean, we don't we don't"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1451.94,"endTime":1455.72,"body":"necessarily know that it came on"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1455.72,"endTime":1458.57,"body":"somebody's boots that is but it"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1455.72,"endTime":1458.57,"body":"is the most parsimonious"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1458.57,"endTime":1463.07,"body":"explanation. And so, you know,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1458.57,"endTime":1463.07,"body":"everything sort of has to line"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1463.07,"endTime":1465.71,"body":"up right they've got to like not"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1463.07,"endTime":1465.71,"body":"they've had to have visited a"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1465.71,"endTime":1469.58,"body":"cave you know, shortly before"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1465.71,"endTime":1469.58,"body":"coming to another cave. It's got"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1469.58,"endTime":1472.52,"body":"to kind of come off and then"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1469.58,"endTime":1472.52,"body":"it's it's somehow then needs to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1472.52,"endTime":1477.62,"body":"get you know, from from that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1472.52,"endTime":1477.62,"body":"exposure event into a place"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1477.62,"endTime":1480.26,"body":"where the bats are roosting and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1477.62,"endTime":1480.26,"body":"then the bats to pick it up and,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1480.5,"endTime":1483.53,"body":"and kind of take hold. I mean,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1480.5,"endTime":1483.53,"body":"invasion is a stochastic"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1483.53,"endTime":1486.59,"body":"process, right. I mean, there's"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1483.53,"endTime":1486.59,"body":"some other hypotheses out there"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1486.59,"endTime":1489.86,"body":"like perhaps a bat stowed away"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1486.59,"endTime":1489.86,"body":"on shipping bunker, and there is"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1489.86,"endTime":1493.79,"body":"some evidence that those things"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1489.86,"endTime":1493.79,"body":"happen and Alberni is a is a"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1493.79,"endTime":1497.87,"body":"port, you know, it's on it's on"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1493.79,"endTime":1497.87,"body":"the Hudson. It's a port town. In"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1497.87,"endTime":1501.59,"body":"whichever scenario it is. And I"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1497.87,"endTime":1501.59,"body":"don't think we'll ever know at"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1501.59,"endTime":1505.76,"body":"this point, you know, has to do"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1501.59,"endTime":1505.76,"body":"with human trade or travel at"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1505.76,"endTime":1510.53,"body":"some level. Right? So it's like,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1505.76,"endTime":1510.53,"body":"naturally bats from from Europe"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1510.53,"endTime":1514.25,"body":"aren't getting to North America"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1510.53,"endTime":1514.25,"body":"without some human assistance."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1514.6,"endTime":1517.45,"body":"And does it affect all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1514.6,"endTime":1517.45,"body":"bat species that hibertnate? Do"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1517.45,"endTime":1519.55,"body":"we know of any bat species which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1517.45,"endTime":1519.55,"body":"are immune to it?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1520.79,"endTime":1522.44,"body":"I wouldn't use"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1520.79,"endTime":1522.44,"body":"the word immune. But there's,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1522.53,"endTime":1527.21,"body":"there's definitely variable"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1522.53,"endTime":1527.21,"body":"impacts. So there's four species"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1527.21,"endTime":1530.57,"body":"that are really well, three"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1527.21,"endTime":1530.57,"body":"species that are really heavily"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1530.57,"endTime":1535.13,"body":"impacted. And then one species"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1530.57,"endTime":1535.13,"body":"that has, it's an interesting"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1535.13,"endTime":1537.86,"body":"one in some areas of Thailand."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1535.13,"endTime":1537.86,"body":"So the Indian answers, it's in"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1537.86,"endTime":1540.38,"body":"some areas, it's highly"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1537.86,"endTime":1540.38,"body":"impacted. And in some areas, it"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1540.38,"endTime":1543.65,"body":"seems to be doing okay. And we"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1540.38,"endTime":1543.65,"body":"don't quite understand why that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1543.65,"endTime":1547.97,"body":"is its role site to site level,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1543.65,"endTime":1547.97,"body":"variation and impacts. But the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1547.97,"endTime":1550.37,"body":"three species that are most"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1547.97,"endTime":1550.37,"body":"heavily impacted are the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1550.37,"endTime":1553.49,"body":"northern long eared bass,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1550.37,"endTime":1553.49,"body":"they're just absolutely"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1553.49,"endTime":1558.92,"body":"decimated. And then the little"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1553.49,"endTime":1558.92,"body":"brown bats, which are also very"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1558.92,"endTime":1562.88,"body":"high mortality rates, and the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1558.92,"endTime":1562.88,"body":"tri coloured bands, and then"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1562.91,"endTime":1565.97,"body":"there are a number of species"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1562.91,"endTime":1565.97,"body":"that don't seem to they get"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1565.97,"endTime":1568.85,"body":"exposed to the fungus, and they"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1565.97,"endTime":1568.85,"body":"they don't seem to develop the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1568.85,"endTime":1572.42,"body":"characteristic, it will that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1568.85,"endTime":1572.42,"body":"maybe they get, well, there's"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1572.42,"endTime":1574.76,"body":"some species that don't even get"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1572.42,"endTime":1574.76,"body":"the characteristic lesions, they"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1574.76,"endTime":1578.42,"body":"can get exposed to the fungus"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1574.76,"endTime":1578.42,"body":"that does not seem to invade"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1578.42,"endTime":1581.33,"body":"their skin tissues in the same"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1578.42,"endTime":1581.33,"body":"way, and we don't see associated"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1581.33,"endTime":1584.66,"body":"mortality, and those are the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1581.33,"endTime":1584.66,"body":"species in the in the current"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1584.66,"endTime":1587.93,"body":"Orionis group, which is similar"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1584.66,"endTime":1587.93,"body":"to your pet codice. And then"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1587.93,"endTime":1590.78,"body":"other species can get some"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1587.93,"endTime":1590.78,"body":"lesions and they have some"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1590.78,"endTime":1597.38,"body":"mortality, but in general seem"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1590.78,"endTime":1597.38,"body":"to not have a high degree of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1597.38,"endTime":1601.82,"body":"susceptibility and high levels"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1597.38,"endTime":1601.82,"body":"of mortality. So things like big"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1601.82,"endTime":1609.17,"body":"brown bats. So and, and why that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1601.82,"endTime":1609.17,"body":"is, is still under"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1609.17,"endTime":1612.35,"body":"investigation, trying to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1609.17,"endTime":1612.35,"body":"understand there's been some"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1612.35,"endTime":1615.71,"body":"work and trying to understand"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1612.35,"endTime":1615.71,"body":"some of the whether that has to"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1615.71,"endTime":1622.82,"body":"do with sort of a, you know,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1615.71,"endTime":1622.82,"body":"hibernation pattern like natural"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1622.82,"endTime":1627.23,"body":"torpor patterns, or whether"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1622.82,"endTime":1627.23,"body":"that's to do with some natural"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1627.26,"endTime":1632.54,"body":"immune function or some"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1627.26,"endTime":1632.54,"body":"combination of those two or"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1632.54,"endTime":1637.49,"body":"microbiota in the skin? Or"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1632.54,"endTime":1637.49,"body":"there's there's a whole host of"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1637.49,"endTime":1640.43,"body":"different reasons why some"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1637.49,"endTime":1640.43,"body":"species might be more"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1640.43,"endTime":1643.82,"body":"susceptible than others. But we"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1640.43,"endTime":1643.82,"body":"don't have a particularly good"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1643.82,"endTime":1645.83,"body":"predictive model for that at"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1643.82,"endTime":1645.83,"body":"this point."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1646.73,"endTime":1650.18,"body":"And do we have? Or"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1646.73,"endTime":1650.18,"body":"are we any closer to solving it"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1650.18,"endTime":1653.15,"body":"really, if we got anything to"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1650.18,"endTime":1653.15,"body":"prevent it or fix this in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1653.0,"endTime":1657.5,"body":"Well, there's been a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1653.0,"endTime":1657.5,"body":"lot of investment in trying to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1653.15,"endTime":1653.72,"body":"long run?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1657.53,"endTime":1663.47,"body":"look at ways in which we can"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1657.53,"endTime":1663.47,"body":"either treat bats or clean the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1663.47,"endTime":1667.4,"body":"environment. There, Tonie Rocke"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1663.47,"endTime":1667.4,"body":"at the National Wildlife Health"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1667.4,"endTime":1672.05,"body":"Centre is working on a vaccine"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1667.4,"endTime":1672.05,"body":"actually. And that's pretty"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1672.05,"endTime":1677.15,"body":"exciting. A lot of efforts to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1672.05,"endTime":1677.15,"body":"try to find something to treat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1677.15,"endTime":1683.66,"body":"bats with have been met with a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1677.15,"endTime":1683.66,"body":"lot of with limited success. I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1683.66,"endTime":1687.5,"body":"think that there's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1683.66,"endTime":1687.5,"body":"challenges with that in terms of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1688.16,"endTime":1691.85,"body":"both sort of delivery and trying"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1688.16,"endTime":1691.85,"body":"to limit the non target effects."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1692.81,"endTime":1695.57,"body":"But also, yeah, I mean, then the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1692.81,"endTime":1695.57,"body":"delivery piece being like how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1695.57,"endTime":1701.27,"body":"can what's what's sustainable"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1695.57,"endTime":1701.27,"body":"and realistic in terms of being"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1701.27,"endTime":1707.18,"body":"able to get to the largest"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1701.27,"endTime":1707.18,"body":"number, the, you know, a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1707.18,"endTime":1710.42,"body":"reasonable proportion of bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1707.18,"endTime":1710.42,"body":"that are underground to receive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1710.42,"endTime":1714.74,"body":"treatment. At Bat Conservation"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1710.42,"endTime":1714.74,"body":"International, we were working"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1714.74,"endTime":1719.78,"body":"on a project that we like to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1714.74,"endTime":1719.78,"body":"call our fat bat projects. We're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1719.78,"endTime":1723.71,"body":"kind of so some of the research"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1719.78,"endTime":1723.71,"body":"that Dr. Tina Cheng did when she"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1723.71,"endTime":1729.29,"body":"was a graduate student showed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1723.71,"endTime":1729.29,"body":"populations, remnant populations"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1729.29,"endTime":1733.67,"body":"in the Northeast populations"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1729.29,"endTime":1733.67,"body":"that are still existing, are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1733.67,"endTime":1736.7,"body":"heavier than they were pre"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1733.67,"endTime":1736.7,"body":"whitenose. And so that suggests"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1736.7,"endTime":1740.6,"body":"that putting on fat might be a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1736.7,"endTime":1740.6,"body":"successful strategy for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1740.63,"endTime":1743.45,"body":"surviving, especially since we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1740.63,"endTime":1743.45,"body":"know that one of the things that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1743.45,"endTime":1747.95,"body":"whiteness does is it disrupts"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1743.45,"endTime":1747.95,"body":"natural arousal patterns. And so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1747.98,"endTime":1752.0,"body":"so we started thinking about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1747.98,"endTime":1752.0,"body":"well, are there ways in which we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1752.0,"endTime":1756.8,"body":"could actually help bats get fat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1752.0,"endTime":1756.8,"body":"during fall swarm? So I started"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1756.8,"endTime":1759.32,"body":"collaborating with Dr. Craig"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1756.8,"endTime":1759.32,"body":"Willis at the University of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1759.32,"endTime":1763.22,"body":"Winnipeg is a physiologist, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1759.32,"endTime":1763.22,"body":"has done some really nice work"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1763.22,"endTime":1766.13,"body":"looking at you know, how bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1763.22,"endTime":1766.13,"body":"really they have this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1766.13,"endTime":1769.85,"body":"concentrated time period in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1766.13,"endTime":1769.85,"body":"fall where they pack on a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1769.85,"endTime":1773.45,"body":"fat and it's sort of like a all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1769.85,"endTime":1773.45,"body":"you can eat buffet kind of time"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1773.45,"endTime":1776.18,"body":"period and just seeing just how"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1773.45,"endTime":1776.18,"body":"fast they can get to survive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1776.18,"endTime":1781.34,"body":"winter. And so we've been using"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1776.18,"endTime":1781.34,"body":"UV light lures to basically"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1781.34,"endTime":1785.42,"body":"create a bug buffet near"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1781.34,"endTime":1785.42,"body":"hibernacula to basically"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1785.96,"endTime":1789.02,"body":"basically try to create an all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1785.96,"endTime":1789.02,"body":"you can eat buffet for bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1789.29,"endTime":1793.82,"body":"during this false warm period"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1789.29,"endTime":1793.82,"body":"and they're using it and and so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1793.82,"endTime":1796.82,"body":"we're pretty excited. It's it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1793.82,"endTime":1796.82,"body":"early days we can't we don't"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1796.82,"endTime":1800.87,"body":"have results yet but we we've"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1796.82,"endTime":1800.87,"body":"conducted a pilot project And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1800.87,"endTime":1806.75,"body":"we're actually expanding on that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1800.87,"endTime":1806.75,"body":"work right now, to see just how,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1807.62,"endTime":1808.97,"body":"how beneficial it might be."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1810.19,"endTime":1812.74,"body":"And where should people go, if"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1810.19,"endTime":1812.74,"body":"they want to take a look and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1812.74,"endTime":1815.14,"body":"find out more information about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1812.74,"endTime":1815.14,"body":"white nose syndrome went for it?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1815.95,"endTime":1819.58,"body":"Well, you can always look at our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1815.95,"endTime":1819.58,"body":"website at BCI. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1820.66,"endTime":1826.57,"body":"www.batcon.org. And go to our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1820.66,"endTime":1826.57,"body":"work, and it's under research"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1826.57,"endTime":1831.76,"body":"and development of scalable"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1826.57,"endTime":1831.76,"body":"solutions section. And then also"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1831.76,"endTime":1835.48,"body":"the US Fish and Wildlife Service"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1831.76,"endTime":1835.48,"body":"has the website. It's white nose"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1835.48,"endTime":1838.9,"body":"syndrome.org, that has a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1835.48,"endTime":1838.9,"body":"information about white nose and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1838.9,"endTime":1840.73,"body":"is a really great resource for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1838.9,"endTime":1840.73,"body":"learning more."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1841.339,"endTime":1843.289,"body":"And we'll put those"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1841.339,"endTime":1843.289,"body":"links in the show notes below as"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1843.289,"endTime":1846.799,"body":"well. So just moving away from"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1843.289,"endTime":1846.799,"body":"white nose syndrome during your"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1846.829,"endTime":1850.669,"body":"PhD between was it 2005 to 2007,"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":1846.829,"endTime":1850.669,"body":"you were doing that?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1850.9,"endTime":1855.13,"body":"Well, PhD is"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1850.9,"endTime":1855.13,"body":"longer in the in the US so 2002"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1855.73,"endTime":1858.94,"body":"to 2007; that's actually a fast"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":1855.73,"endTime":1858.94,"body":"PhD!"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1861.64,"endTime":1863.95,"body":"I mean, I mean, during"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1861.64,"endTime":1863.95,"body":"that you made a pretty major"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1863.95,"endTime":1866.44,"body":"discovery about Pallid bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1863.95,"endTime":1866.44,"body":"didn't you. And just before we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1866.44,"endTime":1869.2,"body":"get to that discovery, why were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1866.44,"endTime":1869.2,"body":"you working with Pallid bats out"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1869.2,"endTime":1870.31,"body":"in the deserts of Mexico."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1870.9,"endTime":1873.99,"body":"So actually was working on a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1870.9,"endTime":1873.99,"body":"project looking at island"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1873.99,"endTime":1878.79,"body":"biogeography of bats on islands"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1873.99,"endTime":1878.79,"body":"and the off the peninsula, the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1878.79,"endTime":1883.86,"body":"Baja Peninsula in northwestern"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1878.79,"endTime":1883.86,"body":"Mexico and really trying to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1883.86,"endTime":1889.89,"body":"understand some general ideas of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1883.86,"endTime":1889.89,"body":"the impact of Island area and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1889.89,"endTime":1894.78,"body":"island isolation on that species"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1889.89,"endTime":1894.78,"body":"richness and which bass can get"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1894.78,"endTime":1898.62,"body":"to far islands and how habitat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1894.78,"endTime":1898.62,"body":"how Island area and habitat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1898.62,"endTime":1903.27,"body":"complexity influences that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1898.62,"endTime":1903.27,"body":"species richness and community"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1903.27,"endTime":1908.34,"body":"composition. And while we were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1903.27,"endTime":1908.34,"body":"doing that work, which was a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1908.34,"endTime":1910.35,"body":"great way to spend my PhD,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1908.34,"endTime":1910.35,"body":"because I guess basically got to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1910.35,"endTime":1916.2,"body":"sea kayak out to that desert"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1910.35,"endTime":1916.2,"body":"islands and after bats and we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1916.23,"endTime":1922.08,"body":"had actually had this whole"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1916.23,"endTime":1922.08,"body":"extra component to my doctoral"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1922.08,"endTime":1924.84,"body":"thesis that I had proposed to my"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1922.08,"endTime":1924.84,"body":"committee which was looking at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1925.05,"endTime":1929.46,"body":"the in that system. The one of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1925.05,"endTime":1929.46,"body":"the Keystone plants is the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1929.46,"endTime":1932.13,"body":"Cardon cactus, which is one of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1929.46,"endTime":1932.13,"body":"sort of the iconic columnar"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1932.13,"endTime":1937.2,"body":"cacti in there that pollinated"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1932.13,"endTime":1937.2,"body":"and the lesser long nosed bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1937.2,"endTime":1940.86,"body":"Leptonycteris yerbabuenae are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1937.2,"endTime":1940.86,"body":"migratory to the Baja Peninsula."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1941.16,"endTime":1946.23,"body":"And, and so I was actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1941.16,"endTime":1946.23,"body":"interested in ways in which"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1946.23,"endTime":1950.88,"body":"pollination interactions could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1946.23,"endTime":1950.88,"body":"also be influenced by island"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1950.88,"endTime":1955.11,"body":"biogeography. And I had pitched"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1950.88,"endTime":1955.11,"body":"this whole idea to my committee,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1955.11,"endTime":1958.14,"body":"and they were like, I think you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1955.11,"endTime":1958.14,"body":"already have a doctoral thesis."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1958.77,"endTime":1961.44,"body":"Your original questions, like,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1958.77,"endTime":1961.44,"body":"that's just too much. I was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1961.44,"endTime":1964.8,"body":"like, oh, man, but because I'd"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1961.44,"endTime":1964.8,"body":"spent so much time like sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1964.8,"endTime":1967.5,"body":"thinking through these ideas."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1964.8,"endTime":1967.5,"body":"What the next time we headed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1967.5,"endTime":1970.65,"body":"down into the field, we went out"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1967.5,"endTime":1970.65,"body":"because I just wanted to test"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1970.8,"endTime":1974.88,"body":"like, would we have been able"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1970.8,"endTime":1974.88,"body":"to, to conduct this work and I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1974.88,"endTime":1978.66,"body":"was just sort of curious. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1974.88,"endTime":1978.66,"body":"back then, like your, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1978.66,"endTime":1982.53,"body":"handheld back detector was a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1978.66,"endTime":1982.53,"body":"relatively new invention. I had"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1982.53,"endTime":1986.76,"body":"it an antibody that was hooked"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1982.53,"endTime":1986.76,"body":"up to like a predecessor to a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1986.76,"endTime":1990.15,"body":"smart It's funny how quickly"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1986.76,"endTime":1990.15,"body":"technology changes, but it was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1990.15,"endTime":1993.33,"body":"like, Yeah, we were so high"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1990.15,"endTime":1993.33,"body":"tech, we had this, you know, it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1993.33,"endTime":1995.85,"body":"was like, there wasn't a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1993.33,"endTime":1995.85,"body":"smartphone. It was like one of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1995.85,"endTime":1999.51,"body":"those like, you know, personal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1995.85,"endTime":1999.51,"body":"devices that kind of was like a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1999.51,"endTime":2002.51,"body":"little mini handheld computer"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":1999.51,"endTime":2002.51,"body":"kind of thing. And I remember"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2002.51,"endTime":2005.81,"body":"what we call them. Anyway, we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2002.51,"endTime":2005.81,"body":"were standing under this Cardon"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2005.81,"endTime":2008.54,"body":"cactus, we actually, one of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2005.81,"endTime":2008.54,"body":"reasons we were doing this was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2008.54,"endTime":2010.52,"body":"because the winds had come up"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2008.54,"endTime":2010.52,"body":"and we couldn't get out to the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2010.52,"endTime":2012.59,"body":"islands. So we were sort of just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2010.52,"endTime":2012.59,"body":"had this extra night in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2012.59,"endTime":2016.31,"body":"field. So we drove out to where"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2012.59,"endTime":2016.31,"body":"there was some Cardon blooming"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2016.73,"endTime":2019.64,"body":"and stood around underneath this"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2016.73,"endTime":2019.64,"body":"cactus with flowers to test out"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2019.64,"endTime":2025.34,"body":"our actor handheld bat detector"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2019.64,"endTime":2025.34,"body":"and started noticing that like,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2025.37,"endTime":2027.89,"body":"yeah, there were bats coming to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2025.37,"endTime":2027.89,"body":"these flowers but they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2027.92,"endTime":2030.32,"body":"they're echolocation calls look"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2027.92,"endTime":2030.32,"body":"like pallid bats. And when we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2030.32,"endTime":2033.92,"body":"shine the light up on them, they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2030.32,"endTime":2033.92,"body":"were clearly pPallid bats they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2033.92,"endTime":2036.77,"body":"had big ears. And by the way"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2033.92,"endTime":2036.77,"body":"that they were flying, they were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2036.77,"endTime":2040.7,"body":"not lesser long nosed bats. And"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2036.77,"endTime":2040.7,"body":"there was just like a flock of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2040.7,"endTime":2044.36,"body":"them, like hitting all these"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2040.7,"endTime":2044.36,"body":"flowers and shoving their faces"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2044.36,"endTime":2048.98,"body":"into the flowers. It was like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2044.36,"endTime":2048.98,"body":"totally bizarre and beautiful"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2048.98,"endTime":2052.79,"body":"and amazing. And raised a bunch"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2048.98,"endTime":2052.79,"body":"of questions about what what in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2052.79,"endTime":2055.49,"body":"the world were they doing so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2052.79,"endTime":2055.49,"body":"basically, for the rest of that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2055.49,"endTime":2060.14,"body":"field season. We every time we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2055.49,"endTime":2060.14,"body":"would set up nets we would put"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2060.17,"endTime":2065.03,"body":"ourselves underneath like Cardon"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2060.17,"endTime":2065.03,"body":"and and watch for bats and and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2065.03,"endTime":2068.21,"body":"it didn't happen every night in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2065.03,"endTime":2068.21,"body":"an owl places. But it was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2068.21,"endTime":2070.88,"body":"definitely a regular thing that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2068.21,"endTime":2070.88,"body":"we would see power bats come"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2070.88,"endTime":2074.24,"body":"into these flowers. So and then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2070.88,"endTime":2074.24,"body":"that led to you know, a whole"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2074.72,"endTime":2077.69,"body":"series of studies trying to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2074.72,"endTime":2077.69,"body":"understand you know, where the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2077.69,"endTime":2080.99,"body":"bats being insectivorous, or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2077.69,"endTime":2080.99,"body":"were they just going after"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2080.99,"endTime":2086.36,"body":"insects and and and then looking"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2080.99,"endTime":2086.36,"body":"at the pollination efficiency"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2086.36,"endTime":2087.35,"body":"and so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2087.0,"endTime":2091.44,"body":"yeah, that had never been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2087.0,"endTime":2091.44,"body":"observed before because pallid"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2091.44,"endTime":2093.78,"body":"bats normally feed on on the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2091.44,"endTime":2093.78,"body":"ground and they they normally"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2093.78,"endTime":2096.27,"body":"feed on scorpions. Can you just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2093.78,"endTime":2096.27,"body":"give us an insight into the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2096.27,"endTime":2097.71,"body":"ecology of pallid bats?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2097.81,"endTime":2101.05,"body":"Sure, right. So pallid bats are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2097.81,"endTime":2101.05,"body":"kind of like classic ground"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2101.05,"endTime":2104.38,"body":"gleaning bat they have big ears"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2101.05,"endTime":2104.38,"body":"and short muzzles, and they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2104.38,"endTime":2106.48,"body":"famous for feeding and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2104.38,"endTime":2106.48,"body":"scorpions. They're actually"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2106.48,"endTime":2109.09,"body":"immune to Scorpion venom, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2106.48,"endTime":2109.09,"body":"there's certainly lots of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2109.09,"endTime":2113.44,"body":"scorpions in the desert and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2109.09,"endTime":2113.44,"body":"Baja. So they kind of typically"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2113.44,"endTime":2117.22,"body":"fly low to the ground and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2113.44,"endTime":2117.22,"body":"listening for the sounds of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2117.22,"endTime":2120.85,"body":"scorpions on the ground, and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2117.22,"endTime":2120.85,"body":"then we'll actually pounce and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2121.84,"endTime":2125.83,"body":"pick up scorpions, they also eat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2121.84,"endTime":2125.83,"body":"other things like centipedes, or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2126.91,"endTime":2129.76,"body":"we have a pure pellet bats here"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2126.91,"endTime":2129.76,"body":"in California too. And here they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2129.76,"endTime":2132.46,"body":"eat, like what we call the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2129.76,"endTime":2132.46,"body":"Jerusalem crickets like they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2132.46,"endTime":2140.14,"body":"really big ground cricket. There"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2132.46,"endTime":2140.14,"body":"were some observations of so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2140.14,"endTime":2143.11,"body":"Donna Howell, who was an early"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2140.14,"endTime":2143.11,"body":"bat researcher was sort of the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2143.74,"endTime":2147.79,"body":"kind of pioneers of that biology"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2143.74,"endTime":2147.79,"body":"in the in the 70s and early 80s,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2148.06,"endTime":2152.38,"body":"had worked on lesser long nosed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2148.06,"endTime":2152.38,"body":"bats in Sonoran Desert"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2152.38,"endTime":2157.0,"body":"ecosystems, and had noted seeing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2152.38,"endTime":2157.0,"body":"pallid bats with fruit smears on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2157.0,"endTime":2162.79,"body":"their face. And there had been"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2157.0,"endTime":2162.79,"body":"some observations of Pallid bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2162.79,"endTime":2166.3,"body":"with pollen on their faces, but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2162.79,"endTime":2166.3,"body":"we had routinely captured pallet"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2166.3,"endTime":2169.96,"body":"bats with pollen on their faces"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2166.3,"endTime":2169.96,"body":"when I was doing my PhD"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2169.96,"endTime":2174.43,"body":"fieldwork. And the assumption"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2169.96,"endTime":2174.43,"body":"has always been the that was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2174.43,"endTime":2177.82,"body":"because they were gleaning"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2174.43,"endTime":2177.82,"body":"insects off of nocturnal"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2177.82,"endTime":2183.34,"body":"blooming flowers and sort of,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2177.82,"endTime":2183.34,"body":"you know, brushing into flowers"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2183.34,"endTime":2187.12,"body":"as they were hunting for for"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2183.34,"endTime":2187.12,"body":"insects, we ended up we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2187.45,"endTime":2190.99,"body":"setting up these cameras that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2187.45,"endTime":2190.99,"body":"could record all the visitations"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2190.99,"endTime":2194.41,"body":"to the nocturnal blooming"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2190.99,"endTime":2194.41,"body":"flowers, and had you know, just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2194.44,"endTime":2197.5,"body":"hours and hours and hours of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2194.44,"endTime":2197.5,"body":"recording and we have a few"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2197.53,"endTime":2202.18,"body":"videos where pal bats are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2197.53,"endTime":2202.18,"body":"trapping big smiles inside"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2202.18,"endTime":2206.71,"body":"flowers. But the vast majority"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2202.18,"endTime":2206.71,"body":"of of the videos show pal that's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2206.71,"endTime":2211.12,"body":"just plunging their faces into"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2206.71,"endTime":2211.12,"body":"the flowers. And then we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2211.12,"endTime":2213.28,"body":"actually cut these little"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2211.12,"endTime":2213.28,"body":"windows in the flowers and could"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2213.28,"endTime":2216.34,"body":"see the bats shoving their faces"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2213.28,"endTime":2216.34,"body":"in there and like lapping at the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2216.34,"endTime":2219.28,"body":"nectar and the nectarine. So"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2216.34,"endTime":2219.28,"body":"it's, it's clear, they're going"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2219.28,"endTime":2221.02,"body":"for the sweet nectar reward."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2222.01,"endTime":2224.56,"body":"Why do we think that the need"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2222.01,"endTime":2224.56,"body":"both the athropods and the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2224.56,"endTime":2227.68,"body":"nectar as well? Is it a case of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2224.56,"endTime":2227.68,"body":"they're going for nectar when"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2227.68,"endTime":2229.99,"body":"there aren't enough other prey"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2227.68,"endTime":2229.99,"body":"items available? Or is it a top"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2229.99,"endTime":2231.61,"body":"up and a bit of a sugar rush"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2229.99,"endTime":2231.61,"body":"sort of thing?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2231.91,"endTime":2235.0,"body":"I mean, it's just I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2231.91,"endTime":2235.0,"body":"they're just getting a really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2235.0,"endTime":2238.78,"body":"nice, like sugar fix at the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2235.0,"endTime":2238.78,"body":"beginning of the evening. You"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2238.78,"endTime":2241.84,"body":"know, they tend to be in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2238.78,"endTime":2241.84,"body":"flowers. Right? Right at"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2242.02,"endTime":2247.48,"body":"sundown. And I mean, my guess is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2242.02,"endTime":2247.48,"body":"that they probably discovered"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2247.48,"endTime":2250.3,"body":"it, you know, when they were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2247.48,"endTime":2250.3,"body":"predating on things that were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2250.3,"endTime":2253.03,"body":"like moths that were feeding the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2250.3,"endTime":2253.03,"body":"flowers, and then you know, but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2253.03,"endTime":2256.69,"body":"a moth is, you know, we have"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2253.03,"endTime":2256.69,"body":"lots of we have we have videos"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2256.69,"endTime":2258.97,"body":"of them chasing moths very few"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2256.69,"endTime":2258.97,"body":"where they actually ended up"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2258.97,"endTime":2262.54,"body":"getting it. And but you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2258.97,"endTime":2262.54,"body":"the nectar is always there. So I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2262.54,"endTime":2264.49,"body":"think that that's how they"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2262.54,"endTime":2264.49,"body":"discovered it. And then it's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2264.49,"endTime":2269.17,"body":"just released. These are water"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2264.49,"endTime":2269.17,"body":"limited sites, too. So there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2269.17,"endTime":2272.98,"body":"there's hydration value."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2269.17,"endTime":2272.98,"body":"There's, I mean, it's a it's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2272.98,"endTime":2277.54,"body":"massive carb hit. So I just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2272.98,"endTime":2277.54,"body":"think of them liking a balanced"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2277.54,"endTime":2280.81,"body":"diet, you know, they want their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2277.54,"endTime":2280.81,"body":"show, sugary card hit and then"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2280.84,"endTime":2283.84,"body":"and then they can go eat some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2280.84,"endTime":2283.84,"body":"nice protein rich scorpions."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2284.86,"endTime":2287.89,"body":"And have you've worked out"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2284.86,"endTime":2287.89,"body":"whether it's Pallid bats across"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2287.89,"endTime":2290.08,"body":"all regions, because I mean"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2287.89,"endTime":2290.08,"body":"they're found from Canada all"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2290.08,"endTime":2293.59,"body":"the way through the West Coast"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2290.08,"endTime":2293.59,"body":"of the USA down into Mexico, or"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2293.59,"endTime":2296.05,"body":"is it just that population that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2293.59,"endTime":2296.05,"body":"you're working on in Mexico that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2296.0,"endTime":2297.02,"body":"really widespread throughout"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2296.0,"endTime":2297.02,"body":"throughout Baja, I think and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2296.05,"endTime":2296.32,"body":"does it?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2297.02,"endTime":2307.13,"body":"then there's some recent work"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2297.02,"endTime":2307.13,"body":"that a grad student near the Big"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2307.13,"endTime":2310.34,"body":"Bend region did in Texas in the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2307.13,"endTime":2310.34,"body":"Chihuahuan Desert in southern"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2310.34,"endTime":2314.81,"body":"Texas that shows Pallid bands"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2310.34,"endTime":2314.81,"body":"actually drinking agave nectar."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2315.35,"endTime":2323.18,"body":"So I think it's in places where"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2315.35,"endTime":2323.18,"body":"there are suitable like"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2323.18,"endTime":2327.8,"body":"nocturnally Blooming flowers"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2323.18,"endTime":2327.8,"body":"that maybe are close to the on"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2327.8,"endTime":2331.79,"body":"the the character whether we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2327.8,"endTime":2331.79,"body":"call the what the carrot to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2331.79,"endTime":2337.16,"body":"Phylis pollination syndrome,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2331.79,"endTime":2337.16,"body":"flowers that are adapted for bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2337.16,"endTime":2342.53,"body":"pollination. So in Baja, right,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2337.16,"endTime":2342.53,"body":"you've got a couple different"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2342.53,"endTime":2345.74,"body":"columnar cacti but the Cardon"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2342.53,"endTime":2345.74,"body":"being the dominant one but"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2345.74,"endTime":2351.53,"body":"there's also Oregon pipe and and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2345.74,"endTime":2351.53,"body":"there's another species of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2351.53,"endTime":2355.94,"body":"Cardona in the southern part of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2351.53,"endTime":2355.94,"body":"the Baja Peninsula that are"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2355.94,"endTime":2358.04,"body":"adapted for bat pollination"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2355.94,"endTime":2358.04,"body":"because the lesser long nosed"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2358.04,"endTime":2361.04,"body":"bats are there. So those they're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2358.04,"endTime":2361.04,"body":"opening at night, they're big,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2361.04,"endTime":2366.92,"body":"sturdy flowers with, you know,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2361.04,"endTime":2366.92,"body":"copious amounts of nectar. So,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2367.7,"endTime":2372.26,"body":"you know, I doubt that there's"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2367.7,"endTime":2372.26,"body":"very much pollination or the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2372.26,"endTime":2375.26,"body":"nectar feeding behaviour"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2372.26,"endTime":2375.26,"body":"happening further north just"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2375.26,"endTime":2378.2,"body":"because there aren't the kinds"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2375.26,"endTime":2378.2,"body":"of flowers that they'd be able"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2378.2,"endTime":2381.5,"body":"to access. But we haven't we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2378.2,"endTime":2381.5,"body":"haven't actually looked I mean,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2381.5,"endTime":2387.98,"body":"I've I've there are some like in"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2381.5,"endTime":2387.98,"body":"San Diego in places you get some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2387.98,"endTime":2390.68,"body":"ornamental Agave is an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2387.98,"endTime":2390.68,"body":"ornamental cactus and I've long"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2390.68,"endTime":2393.11,"body":"wanted this to be go stick up"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2390.68,"endTime":2393.11,"body":"some video cameras there and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2393.11,"endTime":2395.6,"body":"just see but haven't done it"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2393.11,"endTime":2395.6,"body":"yet."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2396.7,"endTime":2399.94,"body":"Touching on the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2396.7,"endTime":2399.94,"body":"scorpions. Does anybody know how"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2400.0,"endTime":2402.64,"body":"They manage immunity from"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2400.0,"endTime":2402.64,"body":"scorpion stings. Presumably they"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2402.64,"endTime":2405.73,"body":"do get stung by scorpions. From"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2402.64,"endTime":2405.73,"body":"time to time"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2405.76,"endTime":2407.8,"body":"they do get"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2405.76,"endTime":2407.8,"body":"stung quite a bit and they are"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2407.8,"endTime":2412.39,"body":"immune. And there was a recent"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2407.8,"endTime":2412.39,"body":"paper on it that came out by"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2412.39,"endTime":2415.42,"body":"some researchers showing that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2412.39,"endTime":2415.42,"body":"they were in fact immune, but I"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2415.42,"endTime":2420.01,"body":"can't remember exactly. If they"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2415.42,"endTime":2420.01,"body":"showed it like at a molecular"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2420.1,"endTime":2423.64,"body":"that gets outside my like how"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2420.1,"endTime":2423.64,"body":"the how you how you mounted"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2423.64,"endTime":2425.98,"body":"immunity to that kind of toxin?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2423.64,"endTime":2425.98,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2426.13,"endTime":2428.08,"body":"What are the dangers"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2426.13,"endTime":2428.08,"body":"of working at night in the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2428.08,"endTime":2430.36,"body":"desert? What's it like to be a"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2428.08,"endTime":2430.36,"body":"field ecologist out in the"},{"speaker":"Steve Roe","startTime":2430.36,"endTime":2431.41,"body":"deserts of Mexico?"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2433.48,"endTime":2435.55,"body":"Well, we like"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2433.48,"endTime":2435.55,"body":"to, we like to quote mad eye"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2435.55,"endTime":2443.92,"body":"moody from Harry Potter and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2435.55,"endTime":2443.92,"body":"constant vigilance. They, it"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2443.92,"endTime":2449.23,"body":"really you have to you do have"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2443.92,"endTime":2449.23,"body":"to be aware of rattlesnakes and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2449.23,"endTime":2452.53,"body":"scorpions. Those are your big,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2449.23,"endTime":2452.53,"body":"those are your big threats. I"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2452.53,"endTime":2454.6,"body":"mean, there's an island that we"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2452.53,"endTime":2454.6,"body":"work on where they have a rattle"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2454.6,"endTime":2458.5,"body":"as rattlesnake because it's"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2454.6,"endTime":2458.5,"body":"evolved to you know, it's lost,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2458.5,"endTime":2465.31,"body":"its rattle. So we would we"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2458.5,"endTime":2465.31,"body":"carry, you know, you, you're in"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2465.31,"endTime":2467.14,"body":"a little bit more risk because"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2465.31,"endTime":2467.14,"body":"you're hiking around at night,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2467.14,"endTime":2472.87,"body":"right. But I I've, I've done"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2467.14,"endTime":2472.87,"body":"years of research out there. And"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2472.87,"endTime":2477.46,"body":"we actually when I had my son 11"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2472.87,"endTime":2477.46,"body":"years ago, now he basically grew"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2477.46,"endTime":2483.22,"body":"up and then going into the field"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2477.46,"endTime":2483.22,"body":"with us, and that elevates your,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2483.52,"endTime":2486.64,"body":"your sense of care and risk a"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2483.52,"endTime":2486.64,"body":"little bit. My job would be"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2486.64,"endTime":2488.38,"body":"like, Well, if he survives his"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2486.64,"endTime":2488.38,"body":"childhood, he'll have good"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2488.38,"endTime":2494.89,"body":"stories to tell, you know."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2488.38,"endTime":2494.89,"body":"You've never been stung or bit."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2495.49,"endTime":2497.95,"body":"You didn't want it. By the time"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2495.49,"endTime":2497.95,"body":"he was like three, when he was"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2497.95,"endTime":2500.83,"body":"like three or four, we started"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2497.95,"endTime":2500.83,"body":"actually collecting. We were"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2500.83,"endTime":2504.25,"body":"doing working with some of the"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2500.83,"endTime":2504.25,"body":"pilot bats and flight cages and"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2504.43,"endTime":2507.58,"body":"we'd actually go out and collect"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2504.43,"endTime":2507.58,"body":"scorpions to feed them and so I"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2507.58,"endTime":2510.73,"body":"was feeling sort of badly that"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2507.58,"endTime":2510.73,"body":"he he missed Easter and an"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2510.73,"endTime":2513.4,"body":"Easter egg hunt when he was I"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2510.73,"endTime":2513.4,"body":"can't remember I think it was"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2513.4,"endTime":2516.7,"body":"either three or four. But then"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2513.4,"endTime":2516.7,"body":"we ended up on Easter Day going"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2516.7,"endTime":2519.07,"body":"out and hunting scorpions with"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2516.7,"endTime":2519.07,"body":"UV lights. And he was learning"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2519.07,"endTime":2521.8,"body":"to grab them with the pincher"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2519.07,"endTime":2521.8,"body":"with the we use like these"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2521.8,"endTime":2524.65,"body":"potato pot tongs and like well,"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2521.8,"endTime":2524.65,"body":"this this beads are regular"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2524.65,"endTime":2528.28,"body":"Easter glowing scorpions."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2529.68,"endTime":2532.74,"body":"Blimey, I mean, we moan"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2529.68,"endTime":2532.74,"body":"when we set up a mist nets next"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2532.74,"endTime":2535.62,"body":"to a nighttime hornet roost so"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2532.74,"endTime":2535.62,"body":"we've got nothing to moan about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2535.62,"endTime":2543.15,"body":"over here really! And finally,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2535.62,"endTime":2543.15,"body":"what what do you think the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2543.15,"endTime":2545.16,"body":"future challenges to bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2543.15,"endTime":2545.16,"body":"conservation? There's going to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2545.16,"endTime":2545.58,"body":"be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2547.63,"endTime":2551.38,"body":"Oh, constant vigilance. I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2547.63,"endTime":2551.38,"body":"I mean, oftentimes, with"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2551.447,"endTime":2555.6,"body":"conservation, I feel like we're"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2551.447,"endTime":2555.6,"body":"in a race against time, right?"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2555.667,"endTime":2559.551,"body":"We're in a great race against"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2555.667,"endTime":2559.551,"body":"time with ourselves. I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2559.618,"endTime":2563.503,"body":"climate change is a real is"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2559.618,"endTime":2563.503,"body":"presents, you know, a real and"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2563.57,"endTime":2567.588,"body":"imminent threat to many of our"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2563.57,"endTime":2567.588,"body":"bat species, especially about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2567.655,"endTime":2571.272,"body":"species. We're already"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2567.655,"endTime":2571.272,"body":"imperilled on islands. I think,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2571.339,"endTime":2575.357,"body":"you know, the what we're seeing"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2571.339,"endTime":2575.357,"body":"in terms of the biodiversity"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2575.424,"endTime":2579.309,"body":"loss and the loss of habitat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2575.424,"endTime":2579.309,"body":"around the world. And sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2579.376,"endTime":2583.595,"body":"this feeling of, you know, being"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2579.376,"endTime":2583.595,"body":"on sort of this breaking point"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2583.662,"endTime":2587.815,"body":"of, of the kind of impact that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2583.662,"endTime":2587.815,"body":"we're having is all is all true"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2587.882,"endTime":2591.766,"body":"for for about conservation as"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2587.882,"endTime":2591.766,"body":"well, I will say that I feel"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2591.833,"endTime":2596.187,"body":"optimistic about the fact that I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2591.833,"endTime":2596.187,"body":"think COVID is has shown us that"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2596.254,"endTime":2599.87,"body":"there's a there's a real sense"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2596.254,"endTime":2599.87,"body":"of Sure, there was some"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2599.937,"endTime":2604.157,"body":"scapegoating that happened. But"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2599.937,"endTime":2604.157,"body":"But more than, than that, I saw"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2604.224,"endTime":2607.907,"body":"the bat research and bat"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2604.224,"endTime":2607.907,"body":"conservation community sort of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2607.974,"endTime":2611.792,"body":"really rise up and join to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2607.974,"endTime":2611.792,"body":"spread positive messages about"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2611.859,"endTime":2616.078,"body":"bats. And I think that that was"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2611.859,"endTime":2616.078,"body":"really receptive I mean, we got"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2616.145,"endTime":2620.298,"body":"a lot of interest from around"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2616.145,"endTime":2620.298,"body":"the world, from folks who really"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2620.365,"endTime":2624.45,"body":"care and were really worried"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2620.365,"endTime":2624.45,"body":"about bats, and really wanted to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2624.517,"endTime":2628.134,"body":"make sure that they were"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2624.517,"endTime":2628.134,"body":"protected. And in going to be"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2628.201,"endTime":2632.42,"body":"okay, through all of this when I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2628.201,"endTime":2632.42,"body":"take great, I think we have to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2632.487,"endTime":2636.64,"body":"we have to focus on the positive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2632.487,"endTime":2636.64,"body":"things and the things that we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2636.707,"endTime":2640.926,"body":"can do. I think that there's a"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2636.707,"endTime":2640.926,"body":"lot of people working around the"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2640.993,"endTime":2645.213,"body":"world to try to, to protect bats"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2640.993,"endTime":2645.213,"body":"and protect wildlife and their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2645.28,"endTime":2649.231,"body":"habitats and that we need to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2645.28,"endTime":2649.231,"body":"focus on those, those positive"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2649.298,"endTime":2653.049,"body":"things and the things that we"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2649.298,"endTime":2653.049,"body":"can accomplish. So I think"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2653.116,"endTime":2657.201,"body":"there's real threats out there."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2653.116,"endTime":2657.201,"body":"I think that there's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2657.268,"endTime":2660.751,"body":"need for urgent action, but I"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2657.268,"endTime":2660.751,"body":"think there's a lot of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2660.818,"endTime":2664.97,"body":"encouraging things to have of"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2660.818,"endTime":2664.97,"body":"awareness and dedication towards"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2665.037,"endTime":2667.449,"body":"doing the things that we need to"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2665.037,"endTime":2667.449,"body":"do."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2668.35,"endTime":2670.733,"body":"Dr. Winifred Frick, it's been an"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2668.35,"endTime":2670.733,"body":"honour having you on. Thank you"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2670.77,"endTime":2671.59,"body":"so much for your time."},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2672.279,"endTime":2673.929,"body":"Yes, my"},{"speaker":"Winifred Frick","startTime":2672.279,"endTime":2673.929,"body":"pleasure. Thank you so much."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2674.949,"endTime":2676.884,"body":"And you can follow"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2674.949,"endTime":2676.884,"body":"Winifred, on her Twitter"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2676.929,"endTime":2679.809,"body":"account. The link is in the show"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2676.929,"endTime":2679.809,"body":"notes. That's it for this week,"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2679.854,"endTime":2682.734,"body":"but a small request from us here"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2679.854,"endTime":2682.734,"body":"at BatChat. If you're listening"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2682.779,"endTime":2685.524,"body":"to us via the apple podcast app."},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2682.779,"endTime":2685.524,"body":"We'd love to hear your views"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2685.569,"endTime":2688.134,"body":"about the show using their"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2685.569,"endTime":2688.134,"body":"ratings and reviews box. We'll"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2688.179,"endTime":2689.98,"body":"be back in two weeks time. See"},{"speaker":"Unknown","startTime":2688.179,"endTime":2689.98,"body":"you then."}]}