The Dutch contribution introduction, through the medium of breakfast, with a side order of Portuguese. Did you know that Flanders was the richest and most advanced part of Europe for a time and soon the Netherlands too? Clothing manufacture led to trade. The Mother Trade and the technological marvels that made it possible broke the Hanseatic monopoly and broke the old Malthusian limits on the Netherlands. Tough on eastern European serfs though. Control of the Netherlands passes from the Burgundian royal house to Hapsburg Spain. Or did it? Could it? The Calvinists had the ear of God and He would have something to say when the Spanish Inquisition came to call.