{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":0.96,"endTime":3.48,"body":"Hi everyone. We've"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":0.96,"endTime":3.48,"body":"set up this being an engineer"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":3.48,"endTime":8.04,"body":"podcast as an industry knowledge"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":3.48,"endTime":8.04,"body":"repository, if you will, we hope"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":8.04,"endTime":10.8,"body":"it'll be a tool where engineers"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":8.04,"endTime":10.8,"body":"can learn about and connect with"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":10.8,"endTime":13.83,"body":"other companies technologies,"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":10.8,"endTime":13.83,"body":"people, resources and"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":13.83,"endTime":17.76,"body":"opportunities. So make some"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":13.83,"endTime":17.76,"body":"connections and enjoy the show."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":31.91,"endTime":34.31,"body":"Hello, and welcome"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":31.91,"endTime":34.31,"body":"to another episode of The being"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":34.31,"endTime":38.36,"body":"an engineer podcast. Our guest"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":34.31,"endTime":38.36,"body":"today is Axel Krieger, who is an"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":38.36,"endTime":41.3,"body":"assistant professor in the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":38.36,"endTime":41.3,"body":"Department of Mechanical"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":41.3,"endTime":44.57,"body":"Engineering at the Johns Hopkins"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":41.3,"endTime":44.57,"body":"University where he leads a team"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":44.57,"endTime":47.99,"body":"of students, scientists and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":44.57,"endTime":47.99,"body":"engineers, and the research and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":47.99,"endTime":52.43,"body":"development of robotic tools and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":47.99,"endTime":52.43,"body":"laparoscopic devices. A few of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":52.43,"endTime":55.22,"body":"the projects he has led include"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":52.43,"endTime":55.22,"body":"the development of a surgical"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":55.22,"endTime":59.33,"body":"robot called the Smart tissue"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":55.22,"endTime":59.33,"body":"autonomous robot or star for"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":59.33,"endTime":63.86,"body":"short, and using 3d printing for"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":59.33,"endTime":63.86,"body":"surgical planning and patient"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":63.86,"endTime":66.92,"body":"specific implants. Axel. Welcome"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":63.86,"endTime":66.92,"body":"to the show."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":67.83,"endTime":69.27,"body":"Thank you so much"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":67.83,"endTime":69.27,"body":"for having me."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":69.81,"endTime":72.45,"body":"All right. Well,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":69.81,"endTime":72.45,"body":"let's let's get started with the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":72.48,"endTime":75.54,"body":"same question. I asked everyone"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":72.48,"endTime":75.54,"body":"in the beginning, what made you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":75.54,"endTime":77.55,"body":"decide to become an engineer?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":78.6,"endTime":81.57,"body":"Fantastic"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":78.6,"endTime":81.57,"body":"question. For me, it was really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":81.6,"endTime":86.49,"body":"an affinity to math and physics"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":81.6,"endTime":86.49,"body":"and science classes in school. I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":86.49,"endTime":89.49,"body":"grew up in Germany, and then in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":86.49,"endTime":89.49,"body":"the last two years in high"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":89.49,"endTime":92.97,"body":"school, you can really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":89.49,"endTime":92.97,"body":"specialize in different courses"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":92.97,"endTime":96.6,"body":"and different classes. And I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":92.97,"endTime":96.6,"body":"absolutely pick those sciency"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":96.6,"endTime":100.08,"body":"courses. And realize that's"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":96.6,"endTime":100.08,"body":"really my passion and interest."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":100.77,"endTime":103.98,"body":"My dad was also an engineer. So"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":100.77,"endTime":103.98,"body":"that really helped, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":104.04,"endTime":107.97,"body":"clarify the picture for me a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":104.04,"endTime":107.97,"body":"bit. And that's when I then, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":107.97,"endTime":109.65,"body":"know, chose to become an"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":107.97,"endTime":109.65,"body":"engineer."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":110.1,"endTime":113.46,"body":"Neat. And how long"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":110.1,"endTime":113.46,"body":"have you been in the US?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":114.57,"endTime":119.01,"body":"I first came to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":114.57,"endTime":119.01,"body":"the US for an internship back,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":119.43,"endTime":124.47,"body":"right at two, right at 2000. You"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":119.43,"endTime":124.47,"body":"know, I was studying in Germany,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":124.8,"endTime":129.0,"body":"and did an internship with a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":124.8,"endTime":129.0,"body":"German automotive company in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":129.0,"endTime":134.16,"body":"South Carolina. And that's where"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":129.0,"endTime":134.16,"body":"I met an awesome girlfriend and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":134.43,"endTime":135.51,"body":"who's now my wife."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":136.89,"endTime":137.73,"body":"Congratulations."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":138.93,"endTime":142.86,"body":"Oh, good, good."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":138.93,"endTime":142.86,"body":"incentive to stay in the US. So"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":143.88,"endTime":147.99,"body":"it's free. But, you know, we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":143.88,"endTime":147.99,"body":"continue dating, and then I came"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":147.99,"endTime":151.23,"body":"back for doing research and, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":147.99,"endTime":151.23,"body":"know, for my PhD."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":151.62,"endTime":154.53,"body":"Cool. Do you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":151.62,"endTime":154.53,"body":"travel back to Germany very"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":154.53,"endTime":155.07,"body":"often?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":155.64,"endTime":158.55,"body":"Definitely. Here I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":155.64,"endTime":158.55,"body":"go, you know, once or twice a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":158.55,"endTime":160.86,"body":"year, and sometimes bring the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":158.55,"endTime":160.86,"body":"family now"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":161.67,"endTime":165.12,"body":"have? Have you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":161.67,"endTime":165.12,"body":"noticed at all if engineering in"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":165.12,"endTime":169.2,"body":"Germany is much different than"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":165.12,"endTime":169.2,"body":"engineering here in the States?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":170.61,"endTime":172.41,"body":"Definitely. In"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":170.61,"endTime":172.41,"body":"Germany, I had the feeling that"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":172.41,"endTime":175.44,"body":"was very automotive focused,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":172.41,"endTime":175.44,"body":"that's, you know, such a big,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":175.65,"endTime":180.84,"body":"you know, you know, component of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":175.65,"endTime":180.84,"body":"the industry there. And so, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":180.84,"endTime":186.39,"body":"know, studies are a lot about"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":180.84,"endTime":186.39,"body":"out of motor work. And so yeah,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":186.42,"endTime":189.66,"body":"I think a different focus here a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":186.42,"endTime":189.66,"body":"bit I feel."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":190.59,"endTime":192.87,"body":"Yeah, that could"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":190.59,"endTime":192.87,"body":"be alright, well, let's see,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":192.87,"endTime":198.21,"body":"let's jump into the meat and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":192.87,"endTime":198.21,"body":"potatoes here. You, you help"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":198.21,"endTime":204.33,"body":"develop the the star robot, the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":198.21,"endTime":204.33,"body":"the smart tissue autonomous"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":204.36,"endTime":208.47,"body":"robot, and there was even a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":204.36,"endTime":208.47,"body":"study recently published in"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":208.47,"endTime":211.95,"body":"Science robotics. Can you tell"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":208.47,"endTime":211.95,"body":"us a little bit about what is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":211.95,"endTime":214.44,"body":"this star robot and and how does"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":211.95,"endTime":214.44,"body":"it work?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":215.46,"endTime":218.4,"body":"Fantastic. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":215.46,"endTime":218.4,"body":"we developed the smart tissue"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":218.4,"endTime":222.84,"body":"autonomous robots for doing"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":218.4,"endTime":222.84,"body":"precision surgery. And recently,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":222.84,"endTime":228.0,"body":"we demonstrated the first"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":222.84,"endTime":228.0,"body":"autonomous keyhole surgery. That"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":228.03,"endTime":231.81,"body":"actual surgery is called an NS,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":228.03,"endTime":231.81,"body":"the Moses. So that's"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":232.71,"endTime":236.07,"body":"reconnection of a tubular"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":232.71,"endTime":236.07,"body":"structure. So that's the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":236.07,"endTime":240.03,"body":"clinical term and as the Moses,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":236.07,"endTime":240.03,"body":"so we're working on bowel"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":240.03,"endTime":245.4,"body":"tissue. So imagine you have"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":240.03,"endTime":245.4,"body":"colon cancer surgery, for"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":245.4,"endTime":249.09,"body":"example, you take out the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":245.4,"endTime":249.09,"body":"diseased tissue, and then you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":249.09,"endTime":252.69,"body":"need to reconnect it together."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":249.09,"endTime":252.69,"body":"And that is done with sutures."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":252.72,"endTime":256.14,"body":"It takes, you know, really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":252.72,"endTime":256.14,"body":"precision placement of about 20"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":256.14,"endTime":261.36,"body":"sutures to leak to create a leak"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":256.14,"endTime":261.36,"body":"free reconnection. It's very"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":261.36,"endTime":266.43,"body":"critical, very difficult step of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":261.36,"endTime":266.43,"body":"so many surgeries. And so that's"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":266.43,"endTime":270.0,"body":"what we've been focusing on. And"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":266.43,"endTime":270.0,"body":"in this recent study, we were"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":270.39,"endTime":275.16,"body":"demonstrating autonomous, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":270.39,"endTime":275.16,"body":"know, suturing, of bowel tissue,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":275.46,"endTime":279.18,"body":"and not just with open surgeries"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":275.46,"endTime":279.18,"body":"have full access, but with"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":279.18,"endTime":283.14,"body":"keyhole surgery, so small tools,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":279.18,"endTime":283.14,"body":"small cameras going into the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":283.14,"endTime":284.76,"body":"body and doing that internally."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":285.54,"endTime":288.9,"body":"That's amazing."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":285.54,"endTime":288.9,"body":"You mentioned joining two"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":288.9,"endTime":293.01,"body":"cylinders, so we're basically"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":288.9,"endTime":293.01,"body":"connecting like an artery or"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":293.01,"endTime":295.02,"body":"something like that to two"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":293.01,"endTime":295.02,"body":"tubes,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":295.47,"endTime":298.41,"body":"exactly two tubes."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":295.47,"endTime":298.41,"body":"So and as the most is the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":298.41,"endTime":302.64,"body":"general term for any recording"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":298.41,"endTime":302.64,"body":"of tubular structures. And in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":302.64,"endTime":305.91,"body":"this instance, we've been"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":302.64,"endTime":305.91,"body":"working on bowel, so intestinal"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":306.12,"endTime":310.26,"body":"tissue, so two halves of an"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":306.12,"endTime":310.26,"body":"intestine, they're connected"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":310.32,"endTime":314.76,"body":"into end. So you know, if you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":310.32,"endTime":314.76,"body":"dissect them in the middle, take"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":314.76,"endTime":318.69,"body":"out tumor, a section of the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":314.76,"endTime":318.69,"body":"bowel with tumor, for example,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":318.75,"endTime":322.77,"body":"then you reconnect the healthy"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":318.75,"endTime":322.77,"body":"ends together and to end,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":323.159,"endTime":327.209,"body":"I see, that is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":323.159,"endTime":327.209,"body":"really interesting. How, what"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":327.209,"endTime":331.409,"body":"does the interface look like"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":327.209,"endTime":331.409,"body":"when the the the two ends? The"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":331.409,"endTime":335.669,"body":"free ends of those tubes are"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":331.409,"endTime":335.669,"body":"joined is is it like, they're"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":335.669,"endTime":339.449,"body":"each kind of flange out and but"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":335.669,"endTime":339.449,"body":"welded before there's sutures"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":339.509,"endTime":342.809,"body":"across that that flange"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":339.509,"endTime":342.809,"body":"diameter? Or is it like one of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":342.809,"endTime":345.689,"body":"the tubes, you kind of squeeze"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":342.809,"endTime":345.689,"body":"it? So the diameters a little"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":345.689,"endTime":349.619,"body":"smaller? And then you tuck it"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":345.689,"endTime":349.619,"body":"into the ID of the adjacent"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":349.619,"endTime":353.339,"body":"tube? And then you kind of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":349.619,"endTime":353.339,"body":"stitch circumferentially? What"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":353.339,"endTime":355.829,"body":"does that interface look like?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":353.339,"endTime":355.829,"body":"Yeah, another"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":355.83,"endTime":360.66,"body":"bit of the former,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":355.83,"endTime":360.66,"body":"so you just kind of naturally"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":360.66,"endTime":364.92,"body":"happens. So you've placed a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":360.66,"endTime":364.92,"body":"suture into kind of both sides,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":364.95,"endTime":367.95,"body":"and then pull it together, and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":364.95,"endTime":367.95,"body":"the tissue deforms a little bit"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":367.95,"endTime":371.82,"body":"and parts against each other. So"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":367.95,"endTime":371.82,"body":"you can kind of like, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":371.82,"endTime":374.91,"body":"you have like 20 sutures there."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":371.82,"endTime":374.91,"body":"So you get kind of a baby"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":374.91,"endTime":377.88,"body":"pattern. And sometimes the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":374.91,"endTime":377.88,"body":"tissue goes a little bit to the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":377.88,"endTime":380.79,"body":"outside, that's better than"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":377.88,"endTime":380.79,"body":"going to the inside, because"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":380.79,"endTime":384.3,"body":"then you reduce the, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":380.79,"endTime":384.3,"body":"diameter. So then, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":384.3,"endTime":388.53,"body":"both, you know, so could kind of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":384.3,"endTime":388.53,"body":"like, you know, I see get"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":388.8,"endTime":391.71,"body":"shocked. So you want it to kind"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":388.8,"endTime":391.71,"body":"of go to the outside, and we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":391.71,"endTime":395.64,"body":"call it to invert the tissue to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":391.71,"endTime":395.64,"body":"coat the outside. So it becomes"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":395.64,"endTime":402.33,"body":"a bit of a baby, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":395.64,"endTime":402.33,"body":"pattern where you have tension"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":402.33,"endTime":405.87,"body":"on the sutures, and then no"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":402.33,"endTime":405.87,"body":"tension in between. But you need"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":405.87,"endTime":410.22,"body":"to have it close enough. So you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":405.87,"endTime":410.22,"body":"don't get any of the, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":410.4,"endTime":413.52,"body":"leakage to the outside which"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":410.4,"endTime":413.52,"body":"cause of course, you know, huge"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":413.52,"endTime":414.72,"body":"potential issues."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":414.81,"endTime":418.38,"body":"Sure, yeah. Okay,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":414.81,"endTime":418.38,"body":"so about 20 sutures or stitches"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":418.38,"endTime":422.91,"body":"to get it closed, leakproof"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":418.38,"endTime":422.91,"body":"sealed, and these these vessels"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":422.91,"endTime":427.11,"body":"are, I don't know, maybe what"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":422.91,"endTime":427.11,"body":"like, I don't know, three, four"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":427.11,"endTime":429.15,"body":"millimeters in diameter,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":427.11,"endTime":429.15,"body":"something like that."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":429.24,"endTime":431.82,"body":"They're a bit"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":429.24,"endTime":431.82,"body":"larger than that, you know, the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":431.82,"endTime":437.37,"body":"small bowel is maybe around 10"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":431.82,"endTime":437.37,"body":"millimeters, something like 1012"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":437.37,"endTime":439.2,"body":"millimeters in size. Got it?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":439.2,"endTime":444.81,"body":"Okay. Okay. I read"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":439.2,"endTime":444.81,"body":"this article about the star"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":444.81,"endTime":449.19,"body":"robot, and and this laparoscopic"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":444.81,"endTime":449.19,"body":"surgery that I guess your team"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":449.19,"endTime":451.92,"body":"or a team of surgeons had"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":449.19,"endTime":451.92,"body":"completed, not a team of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":451.92,"endTime":456.12,"body":"surgeons, the robot had"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":451.92,"endTime":456.12,"body":"completed autonomously on a pig,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":456.15,"endTime":459.6,"body":"and it was apparently very"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":456.15,"endTime":459.6,"body":"successful. Can you talk a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":459.6,"endTime":460.65,"body":"little bit about that?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":462.21,"endTime":466.86,"body":"Yeah, so in this"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":462.21,"endTime":466.86,"body":"study, we first compare our"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":466.89,"endTime":471.54,"body":"performance of our star robot to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":466.89,"endTime":471.54,"body":"expert surgeons on phantom"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":471.54,"endTime":475.53,"body":"tissue. So phantom tissue means"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":471.54,"endTime":475.53,"body":"like, just kind of silicone"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":475.56,"endTime":479.7,"body":"plastic, you know, tissue. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":475.56,"endTime":479.7,"body":"and we did a comparison study"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":479.79,"endTime":483.21,"body":"with expert surgeons, and then"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":479.79,"endTime":483.21,"body":"also surgeons using the current"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":483.21,"endTime":487.02,"body":"state of the art in medical"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":483.21,"endTime":487.02,"body":"robotics, which is their Vinci"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":487.02,"endTime":490.86,"body":"robot, that's the type of robot"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":487.02,"endTime":490.86,"body":"where every motion of the robot"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":490.86,"endTime":494.34,"body":"is performed on a console. So"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":490.86,"endTime":494.34,"body":"there's no autonomy, it's"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":494.34,"endTime":499.02,"body":"basically, you know, an"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":494.34,"endTime":499.02,"body":"extension of the human hands."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":499.98,"endTime":503.4,"body":"And so we compared our"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":499.98,"endTime":503.4,"body":"autonomous robots to the current"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":503.4,"endTime":508.17,"body":"state of the art Da Vinci robot,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":503.4,"endTime":508.17,"body":"and to manual surgery. And"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":508.17,"endTime":511.59,"body":"there, we showed that with our"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":508.17,"endTime":511.59,"body":"technology, you know, with"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":511.59,"endTime":516.75,"body":"camera and, you know, control"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":511.59,"endTime":516.75,"body":"and suturing tool together, we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":516.75,"endTime":521.07,"body":"can improve the consistency of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":516.75,"endTime":521.07,"body":"the sutures, so the spacing is"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":521.07,"endTime":525.72,"body":"more even. And we make fewer"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":521.07,"endTime":525.72,"body":"mistakes. In Manual surgery,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":526.23,"endTime":529.89,"body":"what happens a lot is you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":526.23,"endTime":529.89,"body":"surgeon would place a needle"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":529.89,"endTime":533.07,"body":"inside then not like where it"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":529.89,"endTime":533.07,"body":"ended up, pull it back out, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":533.07,"endTime":536.4,"body":"know, that's causes, of course,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":533.07,"endTime":536.4,"body":"some some injury. And we can"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":536.4,"endTime":539.16,"body":"really avoid that with our"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":536.4,"endTime":539.16,"body":"robotic technology. And we can"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":539.16,"endTime":543.51,"body":"make it more precise. And so"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":539.16,"endTime":543.51,"body":"reduce the risk of complications"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":543.51,"endTime":544.35,"body":"and leakage."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":545.22,"endTime":549.3,"body":"How does the robot"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":545.22,"endTime":549.3,"body":"know where to hold the bowel or"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":549.3,"endTime":554.97,"body":"the intestines and how to suture"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":549.3,"endTime":554.97,"body":"and how to distinguish, you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":554.97,"endTime":558.06,"body":"know, one tissue from from"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":554.97,"endTime":558.06,"body":"another tissue?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":560.159,"endTime":563.789,"body":"Yeah, so the robot"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":560.159,"endTime":563.789,"body":"gets some help initially from"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":563.909,"endTime":567.749,"body":"the surgeon to kind of set up"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":563.909,"endTime":567.749,"body":"the tissue so kind of, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":567.749,"endTime":572.849,"body":"prepare the two ends. And this"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":567.749,"endTime":572.849,"body":"is also done in manual surgery."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":572.849,"endTime":576.719,"body":"There's something called stay"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":572.849,"endTime":576.719,"body":"sutures, so a suture that kind"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":576.719,"endTime":583.019,"body":"of holds the end open. And for"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":576.719,"endTime":583.019,"body":"our robot, we placed these near"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":583.019,"endTime":588.449,"body":"infrared markers on the tissue"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":583.019,"endTime":588.449,"body":"corners. So that is just with a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":588.449,"endTime":594.929,"body":"syringe, you know, a little blob"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":588.449,"endTime":594.929,"body":"of an infrared dye. And the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":594.959,"endTime":599.189,"body":"robot has an infrared camera,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":594.959,"endTime":599.189,"body":"detects those corners really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":599.189,"endTime":603.989,"body":"robustly. It's also nice that"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":599.189,"endTime":603.989,"body":"it's immune to no blood or other"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":603.989,"endTime":607.979,"body":"occlusion, so shine really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":603.989,"endTime":607.979,"body":"brightly. And that allows us to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":608.159,"endTime":612.719,"body":"first do a suture plan. So we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":608.159,"endTime":612.719,"body":"see the corners, then we of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":612.719,"endTime":617.789,"body":"course can, with a 3d camera, we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":612.719,"endTime":617.789,"body":"can measure the distance on the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":617.789,"endTime":622.379,"body":"surface of the tissue, we can,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":617.789,"endTime":622.379,"body":"you know, divide that evenly to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":622.379,"endTime":626.549,"body":"get really nice, even spacing."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":622.379,"endTime":626.549,"body":"So create plans for the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":626.549,"endTime":630.089,"body":"surgeons, and we provided a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":626.549,"endTime":630.089,"body":"couple plans to the surgeons"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":630.089,"endTime":632.279,"body":"with different spacings"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":630.089,"endTime":632.279,"body":"different, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":632.759,"endTime":636.089,"body":"distribution of the sutures,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":632.759,"endTime":636.089,"body":"surgeon would say, Okay, this"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":636.089,"endTime":639.959,"body":"one, I like the best, uh, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":636.089,"endTime":639.959,"body":"know, approve that. And then"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":640.289,"endTime":644.159,"body":"the, you know, robot would go in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":640.289,"endTime":644.159,"body":"and place one suture after"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":644.159,"endTime":647.789,"body":"another and use those markers,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":644.159,"endTime":647.789,"body":"also to make adjustments, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":647.789,"endTime":652.469,"body":"know, to, you know, to react to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":647.789,"endTime":652.469,"body":"deformation to direct to motion,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":652.829,"endTime":657.599,"body":"and also to detect the breathing"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":652.829,"endTime":657.599,"body":"cycles. So we had to, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":659.069,"endTime":662.489,"body":"synchronize the motion of the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":659.069,"endTime":662.489,"body":"robot with the breathing of the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":662.489,"endTime":666.419,"body":"patient to be precise, and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":662.489,"endTime":666.419,"body":"really enter the, you know, each"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":666.419,"endTime":668.009,"body":"suture at the right spot."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":668.64,"endTime":671.43,"body":"I say, Okay, so"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":668.64,"endTime":671.43,"body":"let me see, if I got the process"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":671.43,"endTime":676.86,"body":"down here. The surgeon will"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":671.43,"endTime":676.86,"body":"probably make the incision, is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":676.86,"endTime":678.33,"body":"there a trocar? That's used?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":678.57,"endTime":680.82,"body":"Exactly. So"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":678.57,"endTime":680.82,"body":"they're these little ports"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":681.0,"endTime":685.71,"body":"trocars that are placed?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":681.0,"endTime":685.71,"body":"Absolutely. So we used, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":685.71,"endTime":689.43,"body":"know, four of these trocars"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":685.71,"endTime":689.43,"body":"tuber use for the robot. And"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":689.43,"endTime":692.64,"body":"then two were used for, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":689.43,"endTime":692.64,"body":"know, cameras and, and just, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":692.64,"endTime":697.08,"body":"know, you know, looking at the,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":692.64,"endTime":697.08,"body":"the surgery,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":697.62,"endTime":700.47,"body":"got it, okay, so"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":697.62,"endTime":700.47,"body":"the surgeon creates in a small"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":700.47,"endTime":704.79,"body":"incision, places the trocars,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":700.47,"endTime":704.79,"body":"inserts the robotic arm through"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":704.79,"endTime":712.47,"body":"the trocar, kind of stages, the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":704.79,"endTime":712.47,"body":"vessels, the and then applies a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":712.47,"endTime":718.95,"body":"marker on each of the free ends"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":712.47,"endTime":718.95,"body":"of the bowel. And then at that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":718.95,"endTime":722.25,"body":"point, it's it's up to the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":718.95,"endTime":722.25,"body":"robot, and it's fully autonomous"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":722.25,"endTime":722.91,"body":"at that point."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":723.99,"endTime":727.35,"body":"Yeah, we call this"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":723.99,"endTime":727.35,"body":"the process supervised autonomy."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":727.35,"endTime":730.17,"body":"So we don't want to have, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":727.35,"endTime":730.17,"body":"know, kind of replaced the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":730.17,"endTime":735.06,"body":"surgeon. So we like, instead of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":730.17,"endTime":735.06,"body":"having the surgeon to every step"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":735.06,"endTime":737.85,"body":"of the surgery, just kind of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":735.06,"endTime":737.85,"body":"watch the robot and then"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":737.85,"endTime":741.3,"body":"intervene if something happens"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":737.85,"endTime":741.3,"body":"and you know, could improve"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":741.3,"endTime":745.41,"body":"something. So, you know, we have"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":741.3,"endTime":745.41,"body":"a high degree of autonomy, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":745.41,"endTime":748.23,"body":"know, 83% of the times, we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":745.41,"endTime":748.23,"body":"didn't need any help from the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":748.23,"endTime":750.93,"body":"surgeons, but every now and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":748.23,"endTime":750.93,"body":"then, especially at, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":750.93,"endTime":754.53,"body":"really difficult to play sutures"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":750.93,"endTime":754.53,"body":"at the corners, we need a bit of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":754.53,"endTime":757.92,"body":"further assistance. So, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":754.53,"endTime":757.92,"body":"know, it's not, you know, fully"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":757.92,"endTime":760.29,"body":"autonomous, it's supervised"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":757.92,"endTime":760.29,"body":"autonomous."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":760.47,"endTime":763.05,"body":"Got it. Okay. It"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":760.47,"endTime":763.05,"body":"reminds me of a lot of the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":763.26,"endTime":766.2,"body":"autonomous vehicles out on the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":763.26,"endTime":766.2,"body":"road right now that like way,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":766.2,"endTime":769.29,"body":"Moe or something where there's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":766.2,"endTime":769.29,"body":"someone in the driver's seat"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":769.29,"endTime":772.08,"body":"that can take over if needed,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":769.29,"endTime":772.08,"body":"but otherwise, the vehicles"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":772.08,"endTime":772.95,"body":"doing all the driving?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":773.49,"endTime":776.1,"body":"Absolutely, I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":773.49,"endTime":776.1,"body":"think that's a great analogy."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":776.1,"endTime":779.61,"body":"And for us, you know, I, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":776.1,"endTime":779.61,"body":"know, maybe it's a little bit"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":779.61,"endTime":782.85,"body":"like a park assist or so,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":779.61,"endTime":782.85,"body":"because portions are really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":782.85,"endTime":785.94,"body":"still done manually, right. But"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":782.85,"endTime":785.94,"body":"then the anastomosis step is"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":785.94,"endTime":788.79,"body":"done, you know, in very high"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":785.94,"endTime":788.79,"body":"degree of autonomy."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":789.63,"endTime":795.63,"body":"Cool. That's very"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":789.63,"endTime":795.63,"body":"neat. Okay. The 3d machine"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":795.63,"endTime":798.27,"body":"vision that that you mentioned,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":795.63,"endTime":798.27,"body":"the cameras that are kind of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":798.27,"endTime":802.11,"body":"watching and providing feedback"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":798.27,"endTime":802.11,"body":"to the robot. Was this, like an"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":802.11,"endTime":805.23,"body":"off the shelf vision system"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":802.11,"endTime":805.23,"body":"like, like a cog, next thing or"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":805.23,"endTime":808.32,"body":"a key lens thing? Or something?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":805.23,"endTime":808.32,"body":"Or did you guys have to kind of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":808.32,"endTime":810.99,"body":"build your own vision system to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":808.32,"endTime":810.99,"body":"work with the robot?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":811.47,"endTime":813.78,"body":"Yeah, we had to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":811.47,"endTime":813.78,"body":"build our own vision system."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":813.81,"endTime":818.31,"body":"There are really great 3d"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":813.81,"endTime":818.31,"body":"cameras, for, you know, open"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":818.31,"endTime":821.73,"body":"surgeries or large cameras, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":818.31,"endTime":821.73,"body":"know, so when we started this"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":821.73,"endTime":825.45,"body":"project, initially, we used to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":821.73,"endTime":825.45,"body":"commercial light field camera,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":825.66,"endTime":830.52,"body":"from a company rate tricks, and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":825.66,"endTime":830.52,"body":"in Germany. But with the newest"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":830.76,"endTime":834.24,"body":"work, we needed to do a keyhole"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":830.76,"endTime":834.24,"body":"surgery. So we need a small"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":834.24,"endTime":838.5,"body":"little endoscope that goes in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":834.24,"endTime":838.5,"body":"and gets really good, precise 3d"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":838.5,"endTime":841.89,"body":"vision. And there's nothing on"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":838.5,"endTime":841.89,"body":"the market. So there'll be"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":841.89,"endTime":845.16,"body":"actually, you know, teamed with"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":841.89,"endTime":845.16,"body":"an optics professor here at"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":845.16,"endTime":850.35,"body":"Johns Hopkins, Ching Kang and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":845.16,"endTime":850.35,"body":"his students and build a custom"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":850.53,"endTime":857.55,"body":"structured light 3d Camera sent"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":850.53,"endTime":857.55,"body":"these fringe patterns of lines"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":858.12,"endTime":863.49,"body":"onto the surgical scene has a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":858.12,"endTime":863.49,"body":"CCD camera to detect the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":863.49,"endTime":870.09,"body":"reflection of that on the tissue"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":863.49,"endTime":870.09,"body":"and calculate a 3d point cloud"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":870.09,"endTime":871.26,"body":"of the target scene."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":871.74,"endTime":875.94,"body":"Hmm. How long does"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":871.74,"endTime":875.94,"body":"the procedure take versus if it"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":875.94,"endTime":880.05,"body":"was done purely manually by by a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":875.94,"endTime":880.05,"body":"surgeon? I mean, at least that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":880.05,"endTime":883.14,"body":"portion of it that's being done"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":880.05,"endTime":883.14,"body":"by the robot, is it about the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":883.14,"endTime":885.21,"body":"same or is one faster than the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":883.14,"endTime":885.21,"body":"other?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":886.11,"endTime":890.52,"body":"We are about the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":886.11,"endTime":890.52,"body":"same as manual surgery. So I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":890.52,"endTime":895.71,"body":"think we want it to be really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":890.52,"endTime":895.71,"body":"safe. And, you know, make sure"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":895.71,"endTime":898.2,"body":"we don't make any mistakes make"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":895.71,"endTime":898.2,"body":"it easy for the operating"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":898.2,"endTime":902.61,"body":"surgeon to supervise So we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":898.2,"endTime":902.61,"body":"didn't run the robot at kind of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":902.61,"endTime":906.09,"body":"full speed capacity, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":902.61,"endTime":906.09,"body":"we can go much faster. But in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":906.09,"endTime":909.27,"body":"this study, we were slightly"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":906.09,"endTime":909.27,"body":"slower than the, the search and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":909.27,"endTime":910.14,"body":"doing this manually."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":910.47,"endTime":912.93,"body":"Got it. So about"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":910.47,"endTime":912.93,"body":"the same speed, but but you're"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":912.93,"endTime":915.06,"body":"getting superior results."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":915.449,"endTime":917.729,"body":"That's right."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":915.449,"endTime":917.729,"body":"That's right. And so and I think"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":917.729,"endTime":920.549,"body":"this is something we could"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":917.729,"endTime":920.549,"body":"easily speed up in, in future"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":920.549,"endTime":924.509,"body":"studies. You know, we just"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":920.549,"endTime":924.509,"body":"wanted to do a really nice, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":924.509,"endTime":927.239,"body":"know, demonstration of this and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":924.509,"endTime":927.239,"body":"did not optimize for speed."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":927.27,"endTime":931.17,"body":"Sure. Yeah. That"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":927.27,"endTime":931.17,"body":"makes sense. What, what led to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":931.17,"endTime":934.08,"body":"the development of the star"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":931.17,"endTime":934.08,"body":"robot, where where did you guys"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":934.08,"endTime":935.55,"body":"start? What was the impetus?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":937.35,"endTime":940.74,"body":"Yeah, in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":937.35,"endTime":940.74,"body":"discussions with surgeons, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":940.74,"endTime":946.17,"body":"know, really, you know, kind of,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":940.74,"endTime":946.17,"body":"you know, going over the current"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":946.32,"endTime":949.95,"body":"state of the art, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":946.32,"endTime":949.95,"body":"what, what medical robots exist"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":949.95,"endTime":954.3,"body":"there. And we thought, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":949.95,"endTime":954.3,"body":"that robotics and autonomous"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":954.3,"endTime":958.41,"body":"robotics could really help in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":954.3,"endTime":958.41,"body":"getting a more consistent"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":958.41,"endTime":961.86,"body":"result, every time, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":958.41,"endTime":961.86,"body":"the idea there is that you can"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":961.89,"endTime":965.22,"body":"kind of democratize the access"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":961.89,"endTime":965.22,"body":"to the best results to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":965.22,"endTime":969.54,"body":"everybody, you know, so doesn't"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":965.22,"endTime":969.54,"body":"matter which hospital you go to,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":969.63,"endTime":972.36,"body":"you know, who's your operating"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":969.63,"endTime":972.36,"body":"surgeon? How many 1000s of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":972.36,"endTime":975.45,"body":"procedure has that search and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":972.36,"endTime":975.45,"body":"done was a brand new from"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":975.54,"endTime":978.33,"body":"medical school, you know, like"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":975.54,"endTime":978.33,"body":"that, that's the idea to get"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":978.33,"endTime":982.11,"body":"really always the same results."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":978.33,"endTime":982.11,"body":"So in discussions with searches,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":982.11,"endTime":986.19,"body":"we thought this was really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":982.11,"endTime":986.19,"body":"needed and would bring the whole"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":986.19,"endTime":987.06,"body":"field forward."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":987.419,"endTime":990.539,"body":"Nice, nice. You"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":987.419,"endTime":990.539,"body":"mentioned the Da Vinci robot a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":990.539,"endTime":993.749,"body":"little while ago, and we've"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":990.539,"endTime":993.749,"body":"actually had someone else on the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":993.749,"endTime":997.679,"body":"show Alison Peck, who worked on"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":993.749,"endTime":997.679,"body":"the development of the Da Vinci"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":997.679,"endTime":1002.269,"body":"robot, or at least one of the Da"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":997.679,"endTime":1002.269,"body":"Vinci robots? Are they is the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1002.269,"endTime":1005.839,"body":"star robot very different from"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1002.269,"endTime":1005.839,"body":"DaVinci? Or are the other"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1005.869,"endTime":1009.169,"body":"overlapping areas or they just,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1005.869,"endTime":1009.169,"body":"you know, very, very separate"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1009.979,"endTime":1012.229,"body":"machines use for very different"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1009.979,"endTime":1012.229,"body":"purposes."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1013.1,"endTime":1015.23,"body":"Yeah, then the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1013.1,"endTime":1015.23,"body":"VINCI is really a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1015.23,"endTime":1018.68,"body":"groundbreaking, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1015.23,"endTime":1018.68,"body":"medical robot, it's widely used,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1018.95,"endTime":1022.46,"body":"you know, for different"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1018.95,"endTime":1022.46,"body":"surgeries, for example,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1022.46,"endTime":1026.45,"body":"prostatectomy taking out the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1022.46,"endTime":1026.45,"body":"prostate, it's not unlike 90% of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1026.45,"endTime":1030.95,"body":"the time with, with, you know, a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1026.45,"endTime":1030.95,"body":"robot. So, you know, really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1030.95,"endTime":1037.16,"body":"fantastic work, you know, but,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1030.95,"endTime":1037.16,"body":"so, you know, some aspects of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1037.16,"endTime":1040.67,"body":"the camera are the same, some"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1037.16,"endTime":1040.67,"body":"aspects of the tool are exactly"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1040.67,"endTime":1045.23,"body":"the same of the robot, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1040.67,"endTime":1045.23,"body":"mechanical architecture, the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1045.23,"endTime":1048.62,"body":"paradigm is just very different,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1045.23,"endTime":1048.62,"body":"where, you know, the Da Vinci"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1048.62,"endTime":1052.67,"body":"robot relies 100% on the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1048.62,"endTime":1052.67,"body":"operating surgeon to you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1052.7,"endTime":1055.4,"body":"execute every motion of the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1052.7,"endTime":1055.4,"body":"robot. So it's really an"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1055.4,"endTime":1058.91,"body":"extension of the robots hands."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1055.4,"endTime":1058.91,"body":"That's how it's, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1058.91,"endTime":1062.0,"body":"conceived, that's how it's, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1058.91,"endTime":1062.0,"body":"know, regulated, that's how"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1062.0,"endTime":1066.56,"body":"it's, you know, it's kind of the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1062.0,"endTime":1066.56,"body":"business model of it. And for"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1066.56,"endTime":1069.92,"body":"us, we thought we want to, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1066.56,"endTime":1069.92,"body":"know, create the next generation"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1069.92,"endTime":1073.94,"body":"of surgical robots, where you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1069.92,"endTime":1073.94,"body":"have, you know, like a self"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1073.94,"endTime":1078.29,"body":"driving car, like more autonomy,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1073.94,"endTime":1078.29,"body":"and then potentially, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1078.29,"endTime":1082.16,"body":"more precision and more"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1078.29,"endTime":1082.16,"body":"consistency and better results."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1082.76,"endTime":1083.12,"body":"Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1083.149,"endTime":1086.059,"body":"that makes a lot"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1083.149,"endTime":1086.059,"body":"of sense. Okay. So the VINCI is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1086.089,"endTime":1090.409,"body":"all is driven by a surgeon,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1086.089,"endTime":1090.409,"body":"whereas the star, at least in"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1090.409,"endTime":1093.109,"body":"the, the area in which it"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1090.409,"endTime":1093.109,"body":"operates, it's fully autonomous."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1093.109,"endTime":1095.659,"body":"You just you push a button, and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1093.109,"endTime":1095.659,"body":"it goes ahead and does its"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1095.659,"endTime":1095.959,"body":"thing."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1096.619,"endTime":1098.869,"body":"You got it?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1096.619,"endTime":1098.869,"body":"Absolutely. Okay."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1099.26,"endTime":1100.97,"body":"All right. Well,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1099.26,"endTime":1100.97,"body":"I'm gonna take just a short"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1100.97,"endTime":1104.63,"body":"break here and share with the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1100.97,"endTime":1104.63,"body":"listeners that Team pipeline.us"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1104.87,"endTime":1108.23,"body":"is where they can learn more"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1104.87,"endTime":1108.23,"body":"about how we help medical device"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1108.23,"endTime":1111.83,"body":"and other product engineering,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1108.23,"endTime":1111.83,"body":"or manufacturing teams develop"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1111.83,"endTime":1116.24,"body":"turnkey equipment, custom"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1111.83,"endTime":1116.24,"body":"fixtures, and automated machines"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1116.24,"endTime":1119.24,"body":"to characterize inspect,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1116.24,"endTime":1119.24,"body":"assemble, manufacture and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1119.36,"endTime":1123.62,"body":"perform verification testing on"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1119.36,"endTime":1123.62,"body":"your devices. And today, we're"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1123.62,"endTime":1129.11,"body":"speaking with Axel Krieger Axel"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1123.62,"endTime":1129.11,"body":"another thought I had, as I was"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1129.11,"endTime":1133.67,"body":"preparing for this interview was"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1129.11,"endTime":1133.67,"body":"do you foresee a future in which"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1133.67,"endTime":1136.79,"body":"robots are doing all of our"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1133.67,"endTime":1136.79,"body":"surgeries? Or do you think that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1136.82,"endTime":1140.9,"body":"there's always going to be a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1136.82,"endTime":1140.9,"body":"need for, you know, a human"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1140.9,"endTime":1144.68,"body":"based manual procedures?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1146.45,"endTime":1149.42,"body":"I think in the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1146.45,"endTime":1149.42,"body":"foreseeable future, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1149.42,"endTime":1156.8,"body":"there's really no desire or, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1149.42,"endTime":1156.8,"body":"know, need to replace a surgeon,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1156.8,"endTime":1161.03,"body":"you know, I don't think that's,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1156.8,"endTime":1161.03,"body":"that's the goal. Also, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1161.03,"endTime":1165.2,"body":"consider you know, surgeons go"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1161.03,"endTime":1165.2,"body":"to so many years of very, very"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1165.2,"endTime":1168.44,"body":"specialist training are amazing"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1165.2,"endTime":1168.44,"body":"at their job and there's, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1168.44,"endTime":1171.35,"body":"know, so much patient to patient"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1168.44,"endTime":1171.35,"body":"variation and, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1171.35,"endTime":1174.35,"body":"decisions that you need to make,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1171.35,"endTime":1174.35,"body":"it's really hard to imagine that"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1174.35,"endTime":1177.71,"body":"all of these could be done, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1174.35,"endTime":1177.71,"body":"know, really, really well by by"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1177.71,"endTime":1183.95,"body":"a robotic system. You know, I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1177.71,"endTime":1183.95,"body":"think there is a potential for"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1184.4,"endTime":1189.92,"body":"more autonomy and, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1184.4,"endTime":1189.92,"body":"doing procedures in settings"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1189.92,"endTime":1193.34,"body":"where there are no surgeons"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1189.92,"endTime":1193.34,"body":"currently. So imagine like in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1193.46,"endTime":1197.36,"body":"trauma scenario, you know, built"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1193.46,"endTime":1197.36,"body":"into emergency vehicle and you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1197.36,"endTime":1201.56,"body":"do a quick life saving care"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1197.36,"endTime":1201.56,"body":"There is not a full surgery but"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1201.56,"endTime":1206.09,"body":"a small procedure like placing a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1201.56,"endTime":1206.09,"body":"catheter for for for, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1206.09,"endTime":1209.51,"body":"stopping an internal bleed"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1206.09,"endTime":1209.51,"body":"something like that like a step"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1209.51,"endTime":1214.01,"body":"down in difficulty. Something"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1209.51,"endTime":1214.01,"body":"that, you know, you could do"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1214.04,"endTime":1218.0,"body":"where you don't compete against,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1214.04,"endTime":1218.0,"body":"you know, a, you know, surgeons"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1218.03,"endTime":1221.27,"body":"but, you know, do it in settings"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1218.03,"endTime":1221.27,"body":"where there are currently no"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1221.27,"endTime":1223.19,"body":"surgeons and no good options."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1223.97,"endTime":1228.35,"body":"Okay, interesting."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1223.97,"endTime":1228.35,"body":"All right. Can Can patients"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1228.35,"endTime":1234.41,"body":"today I know the star robot is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1228.35,"endTime":1234.41,"body":"still, I guess, in r\u0026d stages or"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1234.41,"endTime":1238.37,"body":"still development stages, I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1234.41,"endTime":1238.37,"body":"think. But can can patients"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1238.37,"endTime":1242.48,"body":"today like to have their"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1238.37,"endTime":1242.48,"body":"surgeries performed by a robot"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1242.48,"endTime":1246.32,"body":"like like this star robot? Or"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1242.48,"endTime":1246.32,"body":"how does one even go about"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1246.32,"endTime":1248.24,"body":"determining if that's an option?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1293.88,"endTime":1297.15,"body":"Yes, definitely."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1293.88,"endTime":1297.15,"body":"So a lot of surgeries are done"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1297.15,"endTime":1302.25,"body":"with robots, like the Da Vinci"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1297.15,"endTime":1302.25,"body":"in the teleoperated fashion. And"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1302.31,"endTime":1306.6000000000001,"body":"so, you know, it really depends"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1302.31,"endTime":1306.6000000000001,"body":"on what kind of surgery it is."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1306.72,"endTime":1313.71,"body":"If you think about prostate"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1306.72,"endTime":1313.71,"body":"surgery, you know, hysterectomy,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1313.8,"endTime":1318.75,"body":"the sedan predominantly already"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1313.8,"endTime":1318.75,"body":"today with a robot. I think if"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1318.75,"endTime":1322.77,"body":"you look at the websites of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1318.75,"endTime":1322.77,"body":"different urology, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1322.77,"endTime":1326.1000000000001,"body":"centers, they advertise, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1322.77,"endTime":1326.1000000000001,"body":"know, the the robots there, so"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1326.1000000000001,"endTime":1329.19,"body":"you can really see what kind of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1326.1000000000001,"endTime":1329.19,"body":"technology the different centers"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1329.19,"endTime":1335.04,"body":"have. And it's, you know, really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1329.19,"endTime":1335.04,"body":"nice. Our cell robot is in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1335.04,"endTime":1339.0,"body":"preclinical studies right now."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1335.04,"endTime":1339.0,"body":"So we demonstrate the first use"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1339.0,"endTime":1342.72,"body":"in animals, but we are still a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1339.0,"endTime":1342.72,"body":"few years away of doing a first"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1342.72,"endTime":1343.56,"body":"in human study."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1344.039,"endTime":1348.449,"body":"Okay, so"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1344.039,"endTime":1348.449,"body":"potentially 234 years from now,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1348.929,"endTime":1354.809,"body":"a patient might be able to opt"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1348.929,"endTime":1354.809,"body":"to have a surgery performed by"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1354.809,"endTime":1356.0990000000002,"body":"the star robot?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1356.789,"endTime":1359.339,"body":"Uh, yeah, we are"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1356.789,"endTime":1359.339,"body":"working on transitioning this"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1359.3690000000001,"endTime":1362.8490000000002,"body":"and preparing the first in human"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1359.3690000000001,"endTime":1362.8490000000002,"body":"studies. So that will be the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1362.8490000000002,"endTime":1363.959,"body":"next step. So as"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1364.289,"endTime":1367.409,"body":"cool and this is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1364.289,"endTime":1367.409,"body":"fully developed by Johns"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1367.409,"endTime":1368.279,"body":"Hopkins."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1370.38,"endTime":1373.8300000000002,"body":"Yes, so the, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1370.38,"endTime":1373.8300000000002,"body":"know, the origin of the star"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1373.8300000000002,"endTime":1377.73,"body":"robot comes from Children's"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1373.8300000000002,"endTime":1377.73,"body":"National Hospital, that's where"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1377.73,"endTime":1382.23,"body":"I was, you know, before coming"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1377.73,"endTime":1382.23,"body":"at Hopkins. So that's where we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1382.23,"endTime":1386.73,"body":"started. And, you know, then I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1382.23,"endTime":1386.73,"body":"was at University of Maryland."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1386.73,"endTime":1390.42,"body":"So did the academic work there."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1386.73,"endTime":1390.42,"body":"And for the last few years at"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1390.42,"endTime":1391.3200000000002,"body":"Johns Hopkins,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1392.52,"endTime":1395.67,"body":"how does how does"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1392.52,"endTime":1395.67,"body":"that work? This might be, you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1395.67,"endTime":1400.05,"body":"know, outside of what you focus"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1395.67,"endTime":1400.05,"body":"on, but I'm curious, how does a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1400.0800000000002,"endTime":1403.38,"body":"medical device like the star"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1400.0800000000002,"endTime":1403.38,"body":"robot work commercially, if it's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1403.38,"endTime":1407.25,"body":"developed by Johns Hopkins, or,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1403.38,"endTime":1407.25,"body":"you know, maybe a variety of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1407.25,"endTime":1413.55,"body":"different clinical entities,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1407.25,"endTime":1413.55,"body":"hospital entities? would? Would"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1413.55,"endTime":1417.8700000000001,"body":"they just start licensing it out"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1413.55,"endTime":1417.8700000000001,"body":"to different facilities for you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1417.8700000000001,"endTime":1422.67,"body":"so or does it get? Does that IP"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1417.8700000000001,"endTime":1422.67,"body":"get transferred entirely to some"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1422.7,"endTime":1426.54,"body":"some sister company that then"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1422.7,"endTime":1426.54,"body":"manufactures it and handles the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1426.54,"endTime":1429.51,"body":"business and all of that,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1426.54,"endTime":1429.51,"body":"because Johns Hopkins is I mean,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1429.78,"endTime":1432.3600000000001,"body":"at the end of the day, a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1429.78,"endTime":1432.3600000000001,"body":"hospital right, not not"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1432.3600000000001,"endTime":1434.7,"body":"necessarily a medical device"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1432.3600000000001,"endTime":1434.7,"body":"manufacturer?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1435.72,"endTime":1438.75,"body":"Yeah, great"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1435.72,"endTime":1438.75,"body":"question. You know, Johns"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1438.75,"endTime":1441.9,"body":"Hopkins has, you know, great"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1438.75,"endTime":1441.9,"body":"hospital, but then also"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1441.9,"endTime":1446.67,"body":"fantastic engineering school,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1441.9,"endTime":1446.67,"body":"that's where we're I am and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1447.24,"endTime":1453.9,"body":"university. So, you know, we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1447.24,"endTime":1453.9,"body":"definitely realized that we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1453.9,"endTime":1456.51,"body":"don't want to just do academic"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1453.9,"endTime":1456.51,"body":"work, and really value"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1456.54,"endTime":1459.5700000000002,"body":"translational aspects of our"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1456.54,"endTime":1459.5700000000002,"body":"research. And so we have a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1459.5700000000002,"endTime":1464.76,"body":"large, you know, team that helps"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1459.5700000000002,"endTime":1464.76,"body":"us with transfer of technology."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1465.18,"endTime":1468.72,"body":"And that can go a couple of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1465.18,"endTime":1468.72,"body":"routes, either licensing"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1468.72,"endTime":1474.45,"body":"technology, or, you know, doing"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1468.72,"endTime":1474.45,"body":"startups. So, you know, a lot of"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1474.72,"endTime":1477.5700000000002,"body":"faculty, you know, have"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1474.72,"endTime":1477.5700000000002,"body":"startups, you know, work with"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1477.5700000000002,"endTime":1482.43,"body":"students. And so, there are"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1477.5700000000002,"endTime":1482.43,"body":"different routes, the star"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1482.46,"endTime":1487.41,"body":"patents, you know, the initial"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1482.46,"endTime":1487.41,"body":"patents from children's are"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1487.41,"endTime":1492.99,"body":"licensed to a small company,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1487.41,"endTime":1492.99,"body":"active surgical, and, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1492.99,"endTime":1496.1100000000001,"body":"there are some other patents"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1492.99,"endTime":1496.1100000000001,"body":"after that."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1496.529,"endTime":1500.909,"body":"Okay, Nate, and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1496.529,"endTime":1500.909,"body":"how did you get into the the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1500.909,"endTime":1504.569,"body":"hospital system? A lot of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1500.909,"endTime":1504.569,"body":"medical device engineers,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1504.569,"endTime":1507.1490000000001,"body":"they'll, they'll go off and work"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1504.569,"endTime":1507.1490000000001,"body":"for a medical device"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1507.1490000000001,"endTime":1510.539,"body":"manufacturer like BD or"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1507.1490000000001,"endTime":1510.539,"body":"Medtronic, or Stryker, how did"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1510.539,"endTime":1512.519,"body":"you end up at Johns Hopkins?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1513.93,"endTime":1518.6100000000001,"body":"Um, yeah, that"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1513.93,"endTime":1518.6100000000001,"body":"that is was a little bit of a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1518.6100000000001,"endTime":1526.47,"body":"route for me. So I actually, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1518.6100000000001,"endTime":1526.47,"body":"know, studied in Germany, then"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1526.47,"endTime":1530.88,"body":"came to the US and my wife"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1526.47,"endTime":1530.88,"body":"started medical school so that"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1530.88,"endTime":1534.81,"body":"really got me into the medical"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1530.88,"endTime":1534.81,"body":"field more and I looked for, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1534.81,"endTime":1540.27,"body":"know, research areas, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1534.81,"endTime":1540.27,"body":"in robotics and, and then found"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1540.3,"endTime":1544.65,"body":"at Johns Hopkins in the medical"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1540.3,"endTime":1544.65,"body":"robotics setting After doing my"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1544.65,"endTime":1550.02,"body":"PhD, I commercialized my PhD"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1544.65,"endTime":1550.02,"body":"work with a small company in"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1550.26,"endTime":1555.0900000000001,"body":"Toronto and Canada. And after"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1550.26,"endTime":1555.0900000000001,"body":"doing that, for a few years, I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1555.0900000000001,"endTime":1559.17,"body":"really realized I'm not built"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1555.0900000000001,"endTime":1559.17,"body":"for, you know, just working in a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1559.17,"endTime":1562.77,"body":"company selling equipment, I'm"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1559.17,"endTime":1562.77,"body":"super excited about the early"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1562.77,"endTime":1566.3400000000001,"body":"research the conceptual phase."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1562.77,"endTime":1566.3400000000001,"body":"And that's what drove drove me"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1566.3400000000001,"endTime":1570.63,"body":"back to academia. And, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1566.3400000000001,"endTime":1570.63,"body":"that route has then, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1570.63,"endTime":1574.5900000000001,"body":"take me to Children's National,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1570.63,"endTime":1574.5900000000001,"body":"and then as a, you know, tenure"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1574.5900000000001,"endTime":1578.64,"body":"track faculty, first of Maryland"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1574.5900000000001,"endTime":1578.64,"body":"and now, Johns Hopkins."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1578.91,"endTime":1582.48,"body":"Wonderful, okay."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1578.91,"endTime":1582.48,"body":"And what are some some pros and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1582.48,"endTime":1585.69,"body":"cons of medical device"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1582.48,"endTime":1585.69,"body":"engineering over some other"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1585.72,"endTime":1587.28,"body":"industries in the engineering"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1585.72,"endTime":1587.28,"body":"field,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1588.63,"endTime":1592.77,"body":"I find the reward"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1588.63,"endTime":1592.77,"body":"amazing to do, you know, like"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1592.77,"endTime":1600.39,"body":"helping patients helping people,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1592.77,"endTime":1600.39,"body":"I, you know, for my PhD work, we"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1600.39,"endTime":1604.3500000000001,"body":"did a robot for, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1600.39,"endTime":1604.3500000000001,"body":"prostate surgery, and I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1604.38,"endTime":1608.43,"body":"remember, you know, having lunch"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1604.38,"endTime":1608.43,"body":"with a, with a patient where my"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1608.43,"endTime":1611.16,"body":"bone was used, you know, and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1608.43,"endTime":1611.16,"body":"that was such an amazing"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1611.16,"endTime":1615.15,"body":"experience. So I think that is"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1611.16,"endTime":1615.15,"body":"so much cooler than in other"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1615.15,"endTime":1618.63,"body":"fields, right. So if you can"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1615.15,"endTime":1618.63,"body":"help somebody, and then that's,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1619.26,"endTime":1624.8700000000001,"body":"that that's incredible. I, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1619.26,"endTime":1624.8700000000001,"body":"know, also working, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1624.8700000000001,"endTime":1628.41,"body":"with with patients, doctors, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1624.8700000000001,"endTime":1628.41,"body":"know, the whole health care"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1628.41,"endTime":1633.42,"body":"aspect is so fascinating and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1628.41,"endTime":1633.42,"body":"rich. And also really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1633.42,"endTime":1636.75,"body":"interesting problems. So as a"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1633.42,"endTime":1636.75,"body":"scientist and engineer, a really"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1636.75,"endTime":1639.63,"body":"an exciting area to work in."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1636.75,"endTime":1639.63,"body":"Yeah."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1640.65,"endTime":1644.19,"body":"Well said, I, I'm"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1640.65,"endTime":1644.19,"body":"imagining right now, like, as an"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1644.19,"endTime":1647.22,"body":"engineer, if I designed a cell"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1644.19,"endTime":1647.22,"body":"phone case for someone, and I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1647.22,"endTime":1650.49,"body":"saw them walking around with his"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1647.22,"endTime":1650.49,"body":"cell phone case on their iPhone,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1650.49,"endTime":1652.53,"body":"I would probably think, Oh,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1650.49,"endTime":1652.53,"body":"that's cool. That's what I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1652.53,"endTime":1655.2,"body":"designed, you know, and that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1652.53,"endTime":1655.2,"body":"would be neat. But to sit down"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1655.2,"endTime":1660.18,"body":"with a patient who has had a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1655.2,"endTime":1660.18,"body":"operation performed on them with"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1660.18,"endTime":1663.1200000000001,"body":"the device that you helped"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1660.18,"endTime":1663.1200000000001,"body":"design and know that you have"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1663.3,"endTime":1670.0800000000002,"body":"substantially increased their,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1663.3,"endTime":1670.0800000000002,"body":"their standard of living,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1670.68,"endTime":1673.65,"body":"medically speaking, what an"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1670.68,"endTime":1673.65,"body":"amazing feeling that must be."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1674.97,"endTime":1678.03,"body":"You said it"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1674.97,"endTime":1678.03,"body":"exactly. Yeah. That's, you know,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1678.03,"endTime":1680.6100000000001,"body":"the best feeling you can have as"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1678.03,"endTime":1680.6100000000001,"body":"an engineer, I think."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1681.27,"endTime":1685.2,"body":"Yeah, yeah. That's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1681.27,"endTime":1685.2,"body":"great. Well, what what was the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1685.26,"endTime":1688.1100000000001,"body":"you've talked about it a little"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1685.26,"endTime":1688.1100000000001,"body":"bit already, but the path to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1688.1100000000001,"endTime":1692.19,"body":"becoming a medical device"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1688.1100000000001,"endTime":1692.19,"body":"engineer, is it more or less the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1692.19,"endTime":1695.5800000000002,"body":"same as is getting into any"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1692.19,"endTime":1695.5800000000002,"body":"other engineering field? Are"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1695.5800000000002,"endTime":1698.7,"body":"there any specific steps that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1695.5800000000002,"endTime":1698.7,"body":"you recommend engineers take to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1698.7,"endTime":1700.8300000000002,"body":"get into medical devices?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1701.1000000000001,"endTime":1704.0700000000002,"body":"Yeah, there are"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1701.1000000000001,"endTime":1704.0700000000002,"body":"certainly several routes. For me"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1704.0700000000002,"endTime":1707.52,"body":"specifically, you know, in the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1704.0700000000002,"endTime":1707.52,"body":"area of medical robotics,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1707.97,"endTime":1711.8700000000001,"body":"robotics in itself is already"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1707.97,"endTime":1711.8700000000001,"body":"very multidisciplinary. So you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1711.8700000000001,"endTime":1714.24,"body":"know, different fields,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1711.8700000000001,"endTime":1714.24,"body":"mechanical engineering,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1714.27,"endTime":1717.5700000000002,"body":"electrical engineering, computer"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1714.27,"endTime":1717.5700000000002,"body":"science. And then of course, on"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1717.5700000000002,"endTime":1721.1100000000001,"body":"the on the more biomedical side,"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1717.5700000000002,"endTime":1721.1100000000001,"body":"biomedical engineering, so all"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1721.1100000000001,"endTime":1724.95,"body":"different routes could lead, you"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1721.1100000000001,"endTime":1724.95,"body":"know, to becoming a medical"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1724.95,"endTime":1734.22,"body":"roboticist. So, you know, I"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1724.95,"endTime":1734.22,"body":"think. Yeah, you know, just"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1734.25,"endTime":1738.3,"body":"different ways to get there and"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1734.25,"endTime":1738.3,"body":"different ways to specialize."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1739.3500000000001,"endTime":1743.46,"body":"But yeah, fantastic fields."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1744.45,"endTime":1746.3400000000001,"body":"And I guess it"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1744.45,"endTime":1746.3400000000001,"body":"doesn't hurt if you marry a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1746.3400000000001,"endTime":1747.75,"body":"physician, right? Yes."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1752.13,"endTime":1753.15,"body":"Definitely to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1752.13,"endTime":1753.15,"body":"emulate."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1754.289,"endTime":1758.8490000000002,"body":"Alright, well,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1754.289,"endTime":1758.8490000000002,"body":"that's great, Axl. Well, how can"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1758.8490000000002,"endTime":1759.989,"body":"people get a hold of you?"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1761.3700000000001,"endTime":1765.1200000000001,"body":"Yeah, I'm on"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1761.3700000000001,"endTime":1765.1200000000001,"body":"LinkedIn extra quicker. And then"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1765.1200000000001,"endTime":1769.5,"body":"also, if you want to Google our"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1765.1200000000001,"endTime":1769.5,"body":"lab at Johns Hopkins, it's the"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1769.5,"endTime":1772.8,"body":"immerse lab. There's contact"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1769.5,"endTime":1772.8,"body":"information, and I'm happy to"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1772.8,"endTime":1773.46,"body":"get in touch."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1774.6000000000001,"endTime":1776.4,"body":"Terrific. All"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1774.6000000000001,"endTime":1776.4,"body":"right. Well, thank you so much."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1776.43,"endTime":1778.8,"body":"This has been fascinating"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1776.43,"endTime":1778.8,"body":"learning more about the stars"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1778.8,"endTime":1782.88,"body":"robot, and what your team is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1778.8,"endTime":1782.88,"body":"working on really, really cool"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1782.88,"endTime":1785.43,"body":"stuff. It's, it's almost the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1782.88,"endTime":1785.43,"body":"stuff of science fiction. In"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1785.43,"endTime":1789.3600000000001,"body":"fact, I read a book a little"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1785.43,"endTime":1789.3600000000001,"body":"while ago called Project Hail"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1789.3600000000001,"endTime":1793.47,"body":"Mary, you haven't heard of that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1789.3600000000001,"endTime":1793.47,"body":"book? Have you know, and it was"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1793.47,"endTime":1795.93,"body":"written by I can't remember the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1793.47,"endTime":1795.93,"body":"author's name is written by the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1795.93,"endTime":1801.63,"body":"same author who, who wrote The"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1795.93,"endTime":1801.63,"body":"Martian. And it's about this guy"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1801.63,"endTime":1804.93,"body":"who goes into outer space to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1801.63,"endTime":1804.93,"body":"save the world basically. And"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1804.93,"endTime":1811.8,"body":"there's there's a, a basically a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1804.93,"endTime":1811.8,"body":"robotic doctor there, but it's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1811.92,"endTime":1815.25,"body":"it's like a six axis robot kind"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1811.92,"endTime":1815.25,"body":"of thing, you know, and as I was"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1815.25,"endTime":1817.89,"body":"reading about the stars robot, I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1815.25,"endTime":1817.89,"body":"was like, ah, that sounds just"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1817.89,"endTime":1821.8200000000002,"body":"like the robot in this project."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1817.89,"endTime":1821.8200000000002,"body":"Hail Mary. But anyway, it feels"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1821.8200000000002,"endTime":1824.79,"body":"like science fiction, I guess"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1821.8200000000002,"endTime":1824.79,"body":"is, is my point was very, very"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1824.79,"endTime":1828.63,"body":"cool. So thank you again, so"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1824.79,"endTime":1828.63,"body":"much for spending some time and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1828.66,"endTime":1832.0800000000002,"body":"sharing about your your"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1828.66,"endTime":1832.0800000000002,"body":"background and experience and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1832.0800000000002,"endTime":1835.92,"body":"about the advances in medical"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1832.0800000000002,"endTime":1835.92,"body":"robotics."},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1836.52,"endTime":1838.05,"body":"Yeah, thanks for"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1836.52,"endTime":1838.05,"body":"your interest. It was great"},{"speaker":"Axel Krieger","startTime":1838.05,"endTime":1838.92,"body":"chatting with you."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1842.49,"endTime":1845.97,"body":"I'm Aaron Moncure."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1842.49,"endTime":1845.97,"body":"founder of pipeline design and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1845.97,"endTime":1849.0,"body":"engineering. If you liked what"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1845.97,"endTime":1849.0,"body":"you heard today, please share"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1849.0,"endTime":1852.51,"body":"the episode. To learn how your"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1849.0,"endTime":1852.51,"body":"team can leverage our team's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1852.54,"endTime":1856.29,"body":"expertise developing turnkey"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1852.54,"endTime":1856.29,"body":"equipment, custom fixtures and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1856.3200000000002,"endTime":1860.5800000000002,"body":"automated machines and with"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1856.3200000000002,"endTime":1860.5800000000002,"body":"product design, visit us at Team"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1860.5800000000002,"endTime":1863.3700000000001,"body":"pipeline.us. Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1860.5800000000002,"endTime":1863.3700000000001,"body":"listening"}]}