{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":0.96,"endTime":3.923,"body":"Hi everyone. We've"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":0.96,"endTime":3.923,"body":"set up this being an engineer"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":3.985,"endTime":7.999,"body":"podcast as an industry knowledge"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":3.985,"endTime":7.999,"body":"repository, if you will, we hope"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":8.06,"endTime":12.012,"body":"it'll be a tool where engineers"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":8.06,"endTime":12.012,"body":"can learn about and connect with"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":12.074,"endTime":15.285,"body":"other companies, technologies,"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":12.074,"endTime":15.285,"body":"people, resources and"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":15.346,"endTime":18.99,"body":"opportunities. So make some"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":15.346,"endTime":18.99,"body":"connections and enjoy the show."},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":18.99,"endTime":22.729,"body":"The greatest moment of"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":18.99,"endTime":22.729,"body":"publicity, our 15 minutes of"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":22.802,"endTime":27.494,"body":"fame, so to speak, was the chief"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":22.802,"endTime":27.494,"body":"surgeon was interviewed on Good"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":27.567,"endTime":32.04,"body":"Morning America, and he came in"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":27.567,"endTime":32.04,"body":"he had our models in his lap."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":45.89,"endTime":48.77,"body":"Hello, everyone,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":45.89,"endTime":48.77,"body":"welcome to the being an engineer"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":48.77,"endTime":53.3,"body":"podcast. We are co host Rafael"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":48.77,"endTime":53.3,"body":"Testai. Today we have another"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":53.3,"endTime":58.55,"body":"very special guests. Crispin"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":53.3,"endTime":58.55,"body":"Weinberg, who is an anatomical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":58.55,"endTime":61.94,"body":"engineer and entrepreneur, the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":58.55,"endTime":61.94,"body":"president of biomedical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":61.94,"endTime":67.64,"body":"modeling, Inc, which produces 3d"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":61.94,"endTime":67.64,"body":"printed patient specific models"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":67.82,"endTime":71.93,"body":"for surgeons, and providing"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":67.82,"endTime":71.93,"body":"anatomical engineering services"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":71.99,"endTime":75.92,"body":"for medical device designers. He"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":71.99,"endTime":75.92,"body":"was previously a Chief"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":75.92,"endTime":80.27,"body":"Scientific Officer of angio"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":75.92,"endTime":80.27,"body":"oncology sciences, Inc, co"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":80.27,"endTime":86.0,"body":"founder of Organogenesis Inc."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":80.27,"endTime":86.0,"body":"Organogenesis. I really"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":86.0,"endTime":89.51,"body":"appreciate the correction. Thank"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":86.0,"endTime":89.51,"body":"you. Yes. And research fellow at"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":89.51,"endTime":95.42,"body":"MIT, Ph. D. neurobiology,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":89.51,"endTime":95.42,"body":"Harvard University physics, and"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":95.42,"endTime":99.14,"body":"SB mathematics from the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":95.42,"endTime":99.14,"body":"University of Chicago. So"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":99.14,"endTime":100.85,"body":"Crispin, welcome to the show."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":101.44,"endTime":103.78,"body":"Well, thank"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":101.44,"endTime":103.78,"body":"you, Rafael. I'm delighted to be"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":103.78,"endTime":108.37,"body":"here. I think it's a fascinating"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":103.78,"endTime":108.37,"body":"podcast, and I look forward to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":108.37,"endTime":110.23,"body":"an enjoyable conversation with"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":108.37,"endTime":110.23,"body":"you."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":110.57,"endTime":113.24,"body":"Appreciate it. Is"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":110.57,"endTime":113.24,"body":"there anything else that I may"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":113.24,"endTime":115.82,"body":"have actually like when people"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":113.24,"endTime":115.82,"body":"correct me so I can improve?"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":116.06,"endTime":118.76,"body":"Anything else? I'm gonna have"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":116.06,"endTime":118.76,"body":"mispronounced in introduction?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":119.219,"endTime":120.899,"body":"I'm not sure"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":119.219,"endTime":120.899,"body":"you may have stumbled a little"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":120.899,"endTime":126.569,"body":"bit over anatomical engineer the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":120.899,"endTime":126.569,"body":"first time. So I'd like to make"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":126.569,"endTime":128.369,"body":"that clear that its anatomical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":128.67,"endTime":132.0,"body":"list. Let's start"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":128.67,"endTime":132.0,"body":"there. Because you are the first"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":132.03,"endTime":136.02,"body":"anatomical engineer that we have"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":132.03,"endTime":136.02,"body":"on the podcast. Could you define"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":136.02,"endTime":138.09,"body":"for us? What is an anatomical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":136.02,"endTime":138.09,"body":"engineer?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":138.66,"endTime":141.51,"body":"Oh, great."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":138.66,"endTime":141.51,"body":"Well, probably the first because"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":141.51,"endTime":144.78,"body":"I actually coined the term to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":141.51,"endTime":144.78,"body":"try to describe what I do"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":144.78,"endTime":150.75,"body":"concisely. So an anatomical"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":144.78,"endTime":150.75,"body":"engineer, works primarily with"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":150.75,"endTime":155.13,"body":"medical imaging data and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":150.75,"endTime":155.13,"body":"producing 3d models of it. We"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":155.13,"endTime":160.2,"body":"produce both physical models"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":155.13,"endTime":160.2,"body":"using 3d printing technologies,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":160.35,"endTime":166.95,"body":"and virtual models of which can"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":160.35,"endTime":166.95,"body":"be a variety of formats from"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":167.91,"endTime":173.34,"body":"mesh models, which are more for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":167.91,"endTime":173.34,"body":"visualization, to CAD models"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":173.34,"endTime":179.4,"body":"that you can use for simulation."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":173.34,"endTime":179.4,"body":"And even things like CFD"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":179.67,"endTime":180.63,"body":"analysis."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":181.35,"endTime":185.37,"body":"So So I saw your"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":181.35,"endTime":185.37,"body":"website, I found you by looking"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":185.37,"endTime":191.79,"body":"up on Google 3d CAD biology and"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":185.37,"endTime":191.79,"body":"3d CAD organs. And that's how I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":191.79,"endTime":195.45,"body":"came across your company"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":191.79,"endTime":195.45,"body":"biomedical modeling, Inc. So"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":195.45,"endTime":199.41,"body":"tell us about biomedical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":195.45,"endTime":199.41,"body":"modeling, Inc. In very simple"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":199.41,"endTime":202.95,"body":"terms. What are the services you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":199.41,"endTime":202.95,"body":"provide? And who your customers?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":203.25,"endTime":207.09,"body":"Oh, great."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":203.25,"endTime":207.09,"body":"Yeah, so we provide several"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":207.09,"endTime":212.16,"body":"different types of services."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":207.09,"endTime":212.16,"body":"First, and the way we started"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":212.25,"endTime":217.44,"body":"was to take medical imaging"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":212.25,"endTime":217.44,"body":"data, primarily CT scans or CAT"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":217.44,"endTime":223.32,"body":"scans, and produce 3d printed"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":217.44,"endTime":223.32,"body":"models for surgical planning"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":223.62,"endTime":229.59,"body":"prefabricating, prosthetics and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":223.62,"endTime":229.59,"body":"training. You might wonder a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":229.59,"endTime":234.66,"body":"little bit why do you need to do"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":229.59,"endTime":234.66,"body":"this? Surgeons often have a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":234.66,"endTime":240.93,"body":"great deal of experience looking"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":234.66,"endTime":240.93,"body":"at medical imaging data. And but"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":240.96,"endTime":245.55,"body":"still, the way I put it is, we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":240.96,"endTime":245.55,"body":"that is people have spent"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":246.42,"endTime":249.33,"body":"millions of years evolving to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":246.42,"endTime":249.33,"body":"look at three dimensional"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":249.33,"endTime":252.45,"body":"objects and understand what"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":249.33,"endTime":252.45,"body":"they're looking at. We've only"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":252.45,"endTime":255.72,"body":"spent the last 500 years"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":252.45,"endTime":255.72,"body":"evolving to look at two"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":255.72,"endTime":259.26,"body":"dimensional representations of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":255.72,"endTime":259.26,"body":"three dimensional objects and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":259.26,"endTime":262.83,"body":"understand them. So we're not"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":259.26,"endTime":262.83,"body":"very good at it yet. Give us"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":262.83,"endTime":266.94,"body":"another number of 1000s or"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":262.83,"endTime":266.94,"body":"hundreds of 1000s of years and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":267.0,"endTime":271.71,"body":"we won't need the models. So"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":267.0,"endTime":271.71,"body":"that's one aspect of models for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":271.71,"endTime":278.37,"body":"surgeons. The second aspect is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":271.71,"endTime":278.37,"body":"CAD models, primarily for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":278.49,"endTime":282.18,"body":"medical device designers. Now"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":278.49,"endTime":282.18,"body":"probably most of our audience is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":282.18,"endTime":286.8,"body":"familiar with CAD software and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":282.18,"endTime":286.8,"body":"how it works, incorrect."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":287.16,"endTime":293.7,"body":"Geometrical objects, circles and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":287.16,"endTime":293.7,"body":"lines and ellipses of organic"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":293.7,"endTime":297.96,"body":"three dimensional shapes do not"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":293.7,"endTime":297.96,"body":"fit very naturally into CAD. If"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":297.96,"endTime":304.08,"body":"you try to import a mesh file"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":297.96,"endTime":304.08,"body":"into your CAD program. It wants"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":304.08,"endTime":308.55,"body":"to treat every single polygon"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":304.08,"endTime":308.55,"body":"triangle or quadrilateral"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":308.55,"endTime":312.96,"body":"depending on your mesh as a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":308.55,"endTime":312.96,"body":"single face. And so you will"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":312.96,"endTime":315.69,"body":"immediately have this structure"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":312.96,"endTime":315.69,"body":"which has hundreds of 1000s or"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":315.69,"endTime":321.21,"body":"millions of faces. And it's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":315.69,"endTime":321.21,"body":"totally unworkable. So how do"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":321.21,"endTime":328.71,"body":"you get cat organic shapes into"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":321.21,"endTime":328.71,"body":"CAD. And basically, we go"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":328.71,"endTime":335.01,"body":"through that process, taking the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":328.71,"endTime":335.01,"body":"mesh file, putting NURBS curves"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":335.01,"endTime":339.42,"body":"on it, exporting it as a STEP"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":335.01,"endTime":339.42,"body":"file and importing it into a CAD"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":339.42,"endTime":343.35,"body":"program, often with lots of back"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":339.42,"endTime":343.35,"body":"and forth to correct problems,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":343.35,"endTime":347.85,"body":"because it's easy to get self"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":343.35,"endTime":347.85,"body":"intersecting faces or other"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":347.85,"endTime":352.71,"body":"sorts of abnormalities. So you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":347.85,"endTime":352.71,"body":"need to do that. And you also"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":352.71,"endTime":356.7,"body":"need to do that taking to count"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":352.71,"endTime":356.7,"body":"a little bit of what the final"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":356.7,"endTime":361.77,"body":"uses. So what you do for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":356.7,"endTime":361.77,"body":"somebody doing a simulation"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":362.01,"endTime":365.76,"body":"might be very different than"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":362.01,"endTime":365.76,"body":"what you do for somebody doing a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":365.76,"endTime":368.7,"body":"CFD study where they're"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":365.76,"endTime":368.7,"body":"interested in the flow in one"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":369.0,"endTime":375.84,"body":"direction. So it's not just a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":369.0,"endTime":375.84,"body":"simple press a button, but it's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":375.84,"endTime":380.01,"body":"there's a bit of a bit of art"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":375.84,"endTime":380.01,"body":"and experience to it as well."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":380.7,"endTime":384.48,"body":"And so these are very useful for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":380.7,"endTime":384.48,"body":"medical device designers who"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":384.48,"endTime":390.45,"body":"want to test their device on"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":384.48,"endTime":390.45,"body":"anatomical structures on human"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":390.45,"endTime":392.73,"body":"anatomy before they put it into"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":390.45,"endTime":392.73,"body":"people."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":394.14,"endTime":396.54,"body":"Let's talk about"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":394.14,"endTime":396.54,"body":"the process of editing the mesh"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":396.54,"endTime":400.02,"body":"file for a little bit, because"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":396.54,"endTime":400.02,"body":"myself and a lot of my our"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":400.02,"endTime":404.07,"body":"audience here, we're very"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":400.02,"endTime":404.07,"body":"familiar with CAD and a lot of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":404.07,"endTime":408.33,"body":"them with SolidWorks. So once"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":404.07,"endTime":408.33,"body":"you take the CT scan, what will"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":408.36,"endTime":411.69,"body":"be the next step? How do you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":408.36,"endTime":411.69,"body":"work the file?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":412.11,"endTime":416.94,"body":"Okay, well,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":412.11,"endTime":416.94,"body":"again, the CT scan, just to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":416.94,"endTime":422.4,"body":"refresh people's memory is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":416.94,"endTime":422.4,"body":"essentially a three dimensional"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":422.43,"endTime":429.21,"body":"X ray. And it's usually exported"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":422.43,"endTime":429.21,"body":"as a series of images that are"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":429.33,"endTime":433.5,"body":"like slices, very much like you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":429.33,"endTime":433.5,"body":"would slice a file for 3d"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":433.5,"endTime":440.91,"body":"printing. And what you want to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":433.5,"endTime":440.91,"body":"do on that is analyze the data"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":440.91,"endTime":443.85,"body":"to put it together as a three"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":440.91,"endTime":443.85,"body":"dimensional model. So primarily"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":443.85,"endTime":449.1,"body":"look at the density of the CT"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":443.85,"endTime":449.1,"body":"scan, the density of the CT"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":449.1,"endTime":455.07,"body":"scan, because x rays reflects"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":449.1,"endTime":455.07,"body":"the density, the atomic numbers"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":455.07,"endTime":459.81,"body":"actually of the tissue that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":455.07,"endTime":459.81,"body":"you're looking at. So bone will"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":459.81,"endTime":465.15,"body":"appear up here, white, because"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":459.81,"endTime":465.15,"body":"it's got a very high X ray"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":465.15,"endTime":471.27,"body":"density calcium as a high atomic"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":465.15,"endTime":471.27,"body":"number, and air appears black,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":471.36,"endTime":476.04,"body":"because it's got a very low"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":471.36,"endTime":476.04,"body":"density, most soft tissues"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":476.04,"endTime":481.05,"body":"appear various shades of grey."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":476.04,"endTime":481.05,"body":"So we make essentially masks"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":481.98,"endTime":486.33,"body":"very much like you would do in"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":481.98,"endTime":486.33,"body":"Photoshop, based on density, and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":486.33,"endTime":490.71,"body":"stack them together to make a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":486.33,"endTime":490.71,"body":"three dimensional object, then"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":490.92,"endTime":495.66,"body":"editing involves cleaning that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":490.92,"endTime":495.66,"body":"up, because if you try to pick"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":495.66,"endTime":500.94,"body":"all the regions of a certain"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":495.66,"endTime":500.94,"body":"density, if you're looking at a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":500.94,"endTime":505.56,"body":"very clear object, like a bone"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":500.94,"endTime":505.56,"body":"compared to soft tissue, it will"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":505.56,"endTime":510.0,"body":"probably do it fairly well. But"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":505.56,"endTime":510.0,"body":"when you start getting into more"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":510.0,"endTime":516.06,"body":"subtle objects in the soft"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":510.0,"endTime":516.06,"body":"tissue range, or some of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":516.06,"endTime":520.8,"body":"thinner bones, you end up"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":516.06,"endTime":520.8,"body":"getting places where you have to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":520.8,"endTime":525.45,"body":"sort of manually go through and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":520.8,"endTime":525.45,"body":"remove parts you don't want"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":525.45,"endTime":530.79,"body":"connected or fill in little"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":525.45,"endTime":530.79,"body":"holes. Also, if you have metal"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":530.79,"endTime":533.58,"body":"objects, of course, they have"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":530.79,"endTime":533.58,"body":"very high atomic numbers. So"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":533.58,"endTime":537.24,"body":"they'll produce artifacts. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":533.58,"endTime":537.24,"body":"you'll see that as streaking and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":537.24,"endTime":540.51,"body":"black areas. And so you'll have"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":537.24,"endTime":540.51,"body":"to edit around those. So there's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":540.51,"endTime":546.3,"body":"a fair amount of understanding"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":540.51,"endTime":546.3,"body":"what you're looking at in the CT"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":546.3,"endTime":550.8,"body":"scan, and making sure that your"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":546.3,"endTime":550.8,"body":"masks reflect that. And then you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":550.83,"endTime":554.43,"body":"grow that into a three"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":550.83,"endTime":554.43,"body":"dimensional structure into a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":554.43,"endTime":558.75,"body":"mesh. Or you can export it as a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":554.43,"endTime":558.75,"body":"mesh that is actually in the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":561.33,"endTime":564.78,"body":"medical imaging processing"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":561.33,"endTime":564.78,"body":"program. It's actually a point"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":564.78,"endTime":568.65,"body":"cloud. And so but you can export"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":564.78,"endTime":568.65,"body":"that as a mesh by picking out"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":568.65,"endTime":576.78,"body":"that density. Usually that mesh"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":568.65,"endTime":576.78,"body":"is still very, has has problems"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":576.78,"endTime":580.8,"body":"that you need to fix. So the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":576.78,"endTime":580.8,"body":"mesh represents the surface as a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":580.8,"endTime":587.25,"body":"series typically of triangles as"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":580.8,"endTime":587.25,"body":"an STL file. STL originally"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":587.25,"endTime":590.19,"body":"stood for standard tessellation"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":587.25,"endTime":590.19,"body":"language and then sort of got"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":590.46,"endTime":594.03,"body":"pushed into being called stereo"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":590.46,"endTime":594.03,"body":"lithography language. So there's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":594.03,"endTime":597.87,"body":"a kind of ambiguity about what"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":594.03,"endTime":597.87,"body":"it stands for, but it means that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":597.87,"endTime":602.67,"body":"you're representing the source"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":597.87,"endTime":602.67,"body":"This as this large number of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":602.67,"endTime":607.56,"body":"triangles, and a human skull,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":602.67,"endTime":607.56,"body":"for example, might have 500,000"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":607.56,"endTime":610.83,"body":"to a million triangles when"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":607.56,"endTime":610.83,"body":"you've exported it. So it has a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":610.83,"endTime":614.7,"body":"lot, if you've just exported,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":610.83,"endTime":614.7,"body":"imported those into SolidWorks,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":614.76,"endTime":619.44,"body":"a lot of faces. So it's a fairly"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":614.76,"endTime":619.44,"body":"complicated structure,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":619.63,"endTime":620.59,"body":"May I you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":619.63,"endTime":620.59,"body":"question?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":620.67,"endTime":621.84,"body":"Sure,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":620.67,"endTime":621.84,"body":"absolutely."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":622.0,"endTime":625.69,"body":"Once the MRI or"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":622.0,"endTime":625.69,"body":"CT scan is taken, you have data,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":625.72,"endTime":630.55,"body":"the slices, and then you would"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":625.72,"endTime":630.55,"body":"the term be curate the data?"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":630.55,"endTime":631.27,"body":"whats the term?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":632.159,"endTime":633.269,"body":"the term"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":632.159,"endTime":633.269,"body":"that's actually used the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":633.269,"endTime":638.009,"body":"segmentation, we're dividing it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":633.269,"endTime":638.009,"body":"into the segments of different"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":638.009,"endTime":642.929,"body":"densities. So that's officially"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":638.009,"endTime":642.929,"body":"what the, what the term is for,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":642.959,"endTime":646.109,"body":"for describing that process of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":642.959,"endTime":646.109,"body":"someone isolating three"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":646.109,"endTime":647.309,"body":"dimensional structures,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":647.69,"endTime":650.51,"body":"the segmentation,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":647.69,"endTime":650.51,"body":"and What software do you do it?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":652.02,"endTime":654.81,"body":"we do it in a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":652.02,"endTime":654.81,"body":"software called mimics, which is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":654.81,"endTime":660.9,"body":"made by a company materialize in"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":654.81,"endTime":660.9,"body":"Belgium. That is pretty much the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":660.9,"endTime":666.3,"body":"gold standard for segmentation"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":660.9,"endTime":666.3,"body":"software. There are others"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":666.51,"endTime":673.11,"body":"around. But most Li and they'll"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":666.51,"endTime":673.11,"body":"work fine. But they don't have"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":673.23,"endTime":679.74,"body":"the same suite of editing tools"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":673.23,"endTime":679.74,"body":"that allow you to your art, take"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":679.74,"endTime":685.41,"body":"care of artifacts and edit out"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":679.74,"endTime":685.41,"body":"artifacts effectively. And trace"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":685.92,"endTime":692.1,"body":"long skinny things like nerves."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":685.92,"endTime":692.1,"body":"So that essentially, is a tool"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":692.1,"endTime":696.69,"body":"for drawing essentially a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":692.1,"endTime":696.69,"body":"cylindrical spot spline along a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":696.69,"endTime":699.78,"body":"path, if you can trace where a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":696.69,"endTime":699.78,"body":"nerve runs"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":700.71,"endTime":703.23,"body":"the social"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":700.71,"endTime":703.23,"body":"animal, a very great, very good"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":703.23,"endTime":705.24,"body":"explanation Sorry to cut you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":703.23,"endTime":705.24,"body":"off. I'm just like every little"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":705.24,"endTime":709.11,"body":"by little, I'm trying to digest"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":705.24,"endTime":709.11,"body":"what you're saying. It's very"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":709.11,"endTime":711.72,"body":"technical, but you're doing a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":709.11,"endTime":711.72,"body":"wonderful job explaining it,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":712.11,"endTime":714.06,"body":"it is fairly"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":712.11,"endTime":714.06,"body":"technical, it's also fairly"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":714.06,"endTime":719.34,"body":"visual. So talking about it on a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":714.06,"endTime":719.34,"body":"podcast, that's a little bit of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":719.34,"endTime":723.96,"body":"a challenge, in a way. So like,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":719.34,"endTime":723.96,"body":"I am enjoying trying to figure"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":723.96,"endTime":727.5,"body":"out how to articulate something."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":723.96,"endTime":727.5,"body":"So when typically I explain it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":727.5,"endTime":731.1,"body":"to people, I actually show them"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":727.5,"endTime":731.1,"body":"on the screen, well, here's this"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":731.1,"endTime":734.55,"body":"area of density, and that's a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":731.1,"endTime":734.55,"body":"bone and this is a tooth, and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":734.55,"endTime":738.21,"body":"this is something else that goes"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":734.55,"endTime":738.21,"body":"through a scan, and people get"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":738.21,"endTime":742.92,"body":"it very quickly. But an"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":738.21,"endTime":742.92,"body":"interesting point, if I can make"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":742.92,"endTime":746.73,"body":"a digression, okay, one of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":742.92,"endTime":746.73,"body":"one of the values of these"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":746.73,"endTime":753.66,"body":"models, to surgeons, and is also"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":746.73,"endTime":753.66,"body":"explaining to patients what"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":753.96,"endTime":758.28,"body":"they're going to go through and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":753.96,"endTime":758.28,"body":"what's going to happen. A very"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":758.28,"endTime":762.45,"body":"interesting study was done early"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":758.28,"endTime":762.45,"body":"on, when the surgeon explained"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":762.84,"endTime":767.4,"body":"what the procedure was just"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":762.84,"endTime":767.4,"body":"verbally to a patient. They had"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":767.4,"endTime":770.61,"body":"this sort of modest"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":767.4,"endTime":770.61,"body":"understanding of what was going"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":770.61,"endTime":774.15,"body":"on, when they were shown"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":770.61,"endTime":774.15,"body":"pictures of the scan. And the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":774.15,"endTime":777.42,"body":"surgeon said, Here's your heart"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":774.15,"endTime":777.42,"body":"that when we're going to do"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":777.42,"endTime":782.16,"body":"this, for example, their"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":777.42,"endTime":782.16,"body":"understanding actually went down"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":782.19,"endTime":785.46,"body":"because there's this, they were"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":782.19,"endTime":785.46,"body":"just so mystified by what they"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":785.46,"endTime":789.33,"body":"were looking at, on the scan,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":785.46,"endTime":789.33,"body":"that made their understanding go"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":789.33,"endTime":794.31,"body":"down. But when the surgeon used"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":789.33,"endTime":794.31,"body":"a 3d printed model to explain"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":794.31,"endTime":797.58,"body":"what was going on, their"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":794.31,"endTime":797.58,"body":"understanding went way up. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":797.61,"endTime":803.61,"body":"they were much happier about the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":797.61,"endTime":803.61,"body":"procedure, and much more likely"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":803.7,"endTime":809.22,"body":"to do whatever follow up as"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":803.7,"endTime":809.22,"body":"necessary to improve their"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":809.22,"endTime":812.25,"body":"recovery because they had a much"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":809.22,"endTime":812.25,"body":"better understanding of what was"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":812.25,"endTime":815.85,"body":"going on. So they're very"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":812.25,"endTime":815.85,"body":"effective tools for this sort of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":815.88,"endTime":817.5,"body":"patient education as well."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":818.46,"endTime":821.01,"body":"Right on? Well, I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":818.46,"endTime":821.01,"body":"want to go back first want to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":821.01,"endTime":824.91,"body":"get down the process before we"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":821.01,"endTime":824.91,"body":"get into all the benefits. But"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":824.97,"endTime":829.17,"body":"unquestionably having a patient"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":824.97,"endTime":829.17,"body":"look at what's going to happen"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":829.17,"endTime":833.46,"body":"or the biology of what the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":829.17,"endTime":833.46,"body":"surgery is going to be like, I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":833.46,"endTime":836.76,"body":"think it's amazing and could"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":833.46,"endTime":836.76,"body":"provide a better understanding."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":837.06,"endTime":840.93,"body":"But going back to the step of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":837.06,"endTime":840.93,"body":"segmentation, using the Mimics"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":840.96,"endTime":844.83,"body":"software, once you finish that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":840.96,"endTime":844.83,"body":"you import a mesh file into"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":844.83,"endTime":846.3,"body":"SolidWorks. They get there right"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":846.929,"endTime":850.169,"body":"now then we go"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":846.929,"endTime":850.169,"body":"through, well, you could put it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":850.199,"endTime":854.099,"body":"bring it directly try to bring"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":850.199,"endTime":854.099,"body":"it directly in but when you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":854.099,"endTime":859.289,"body":"tried to do that, if if it has"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":854.099,"endTime":859.289,"body":"too many triangles, SolidWorks"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":859.319,"endTime":862.709,"body":"just crashes. The number of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":859.319,"endTime":862.709,"body":"triangles you can import"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":862.709,"endTime":866.429,"body":"actually directly has been"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":862.709,"endTime":866.429,"body":"steadily going up. When we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":866.429,"endTime":871.829,"body":"started doing this sort of work"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":866.429,"endTime":871.829,"body":"in with SolidWorks. I think we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":871.829,"endTime":878.279,"body":"started working with it in like"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":871.829,"endTime":878.279,"body":"2003 They couldn't import very"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":878.279,"endTime":883.229,"body":"many mesh triangles at all. So"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":878.279,"endTime":883.229,"body":"numbers steadily going up but it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":883.229,"endTime":887.609,"body":"still doesn't really treat it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":883.229,"endTime":887.609,"body":"that way. So what we do is we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":887.609,"endTime":892.139,"body":"use a another process,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":887.609,"endTime":892.139,"body":"essentially a reverse"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":892.139,"endTime":898.049,"body":"engineering software. We use"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":892.139,"endTime":898.049,"body":"Geomagic studio, but there were"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":898.199,"endTime":902.549,"body":"quite a variety of the them"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":898.199,"endTime":902.549,"body":"around. And basically, you take"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":902.549,"endTime":907.649,"body":"that you clean up the mesh,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":902.549,"endTime":907.649,"body":"various tools are so smooth that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":907.649,"endTime":911.279,"body":"so that the little"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":907.649,"endTime":911.279,"body":"irregularities don't appear."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":911.489,"endTime":917.639,"body":"The, if you actually export a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":911.489,"endTime":917.639,"body":"very detailed mesh, you can see"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":918.119,"endTime":921.419,"body":"sort of stair steps for the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":918.119,"endTime":921.419,"body":"individual slices of the CT"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":921.419,"endTime":925.979,"body":"scan. Obviously, the skull"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":921.419,"endTime":925.979,"body":"doesn't, or whatever structure"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":925.979,"endTime":928.559,"body":"you're looking at, doesn't"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":925.979,"endTime":928.559,"body":"really have those stair steps."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":928.679,"endTime":934.109,"body":"So you can smooth those out. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":928.679,"endTime":934.109,"body":"you can fill little holes, if"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":934.109,"endTime":937.889,"body":"you don't need all that level of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":934.109,"endTime":937.889,"body":"detail, or if they're doing the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":937.889,"endTime":944.909,"body":"artifact and sort of smoothed"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":937.889,"endTime":944.909,"body":"out the mesh. So it's clean, you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":944.909,"endTime":948.599,"body":"eliminate any places where there"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":944.909,"endTime":948.599,"body":"are self intersections, which"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":949.499,"endTime":954.959,"body":"may look fine if you're looking"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":949.499,"endTime":954.959,"body":"at it just as an object on a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":954.959,"endTime":960.599,"body":"screen. But if you try to 3d"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":954.959,"endTime":960.599,"body":"print it or do CAD analysis on"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":960.599,"endTime":966.749,"body":"it, you can't do it, so you have"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":960.599,"endTime":966.749,"body":"to clean it up a bit. And that's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":966.779,"endTime":971.579,"body":"done in reverse engineering"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":966.779,"endTime":971.579,"body":"software. Then if we're going to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":971.969,"endTime":977.609,"body":"3d printed, we can simply save"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":971.969,"endTime":977.609,"body":"it as an STL file and send that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":977.609,"endTime":985.259,"body":"to a printer. If we're going to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":977.609,"endTime":985.259,"body":"do CAD on it, we then tried to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":985.259,"endTime":990.509,"body":"simplify it by approximating the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":985.259,"endTime":990.509,"body":"surface with curves that are"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":990.509,"endTime":995.309,"body":"laid on the surface called NURBS"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":990.509,"endTime":995.309,"body":"curves or non uniform B splines."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":996.239,"endTime":998.459,"body":"If you've used Rhino, for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":996.239,"endTime":998.459,"body":"example, you're probably"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":998.459,"endTime":1003.709,"body":"familiar with NURBS curves. But"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":998.459,"endTime":1003.709,"body":"they essentially put like lines"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1003.709,"endTime":1011.089,"body":"of latitude and longitude on the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1003.709,"endTime":1011.089,"body":"surface to approximate the shape"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1011.089,"endTime":1014.239,"body":"of the surface. There's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1011.089,"endTime":1014.239,"body":"definitely some loss of detail"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1014.269,"endTime":1018.019,"body":"when you do that. And one of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1014.269,"endTime":1018.019,"body":"things that we have to work on"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1018.049,"endTime":1021.589,"body":"very closely with our customers"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1018.049,"endTime":1021.589,"body":"is what level of detail they"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1021.589,"endTime":1027.409,"body":"need preserved in a CAD model."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1021.589,"endTime":1027.409,"body":"Those NURBS curves can then be"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1028.399,"endTime":1032.809,"body":"exported as a STEP file, and the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1028.399,"endTime":1032.809,"body":"STEP file can be imported into"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1032.809,"endTime":1039.049,"body":"SolidWorks. Sometimes it comes"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1032.809,"endTime":1039.049,"body":"in very cleanly, sometimes it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1039.049,"endTime":1043.519,"body":"comes in with lots of errors."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1039.049,"endTime":1043.519,"body":"And if you run import"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1043.519,"endTime":1048.529,"body":"diagnostics in SolidWorks, you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1043.519,"endTime":1048.529,"body":"get along hideous less list of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1048.529,"endTime":1057.889,"body":"problems. And we sort of go back"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1048.529,"endTime":1057.889,"body":"and forth between the reverse"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1057.889,"endTime":1061.519,"body":"engineering software, and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1057.889,"endTime":1061.519,"body":"Solidworks. fixing the problems,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1061.519,"endTime":1065.659,"body":"usually if they're relatively"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1061.519,"endTime":1065.659,"body":"small until you can fix them in"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1065.659,"endTime":1070.369,"body":"SolidWorks. But if you really"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1065.659,"endTime":1070.369,"body":"have significant problems with"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1070.369,"endTime":1073.459,"body":"the mesh structure, it's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1070.369,"endTime":1073.459,"body":"generally easier to repair them"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1073.459,"endTime":1078.529,"body":"as a mesh, and then import them"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1073.459,"endTime":1078.529,"body":"into SolidWorks. I should also"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1078.529,"endTime":1082.189,"body":"mention that when you've"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1078.529,"endTime":1082.189,"body":"imported such a file into"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1082.189,"endTime":1085.189,"body":"SolidWorks, you end up with"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1082.189,"endTime":1085.189,"body":"something that doesn't have a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1085.189,"endTime":1089.599,"body":"history tree, it's just a solid,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1085.189,"endTime":1089.599,"body":"or what we sometimes call a dumb"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1089.599,"endTime":1095.119,"body":"solid, because it has no history"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1089.599,"endTime":1095.119,"body":"you cannot. And there are no"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1095.119,"endTime":1100.339,"body":"sketches. You can't edit it in"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1095.119,"endTime":1100.339,"body":"any of consistently, you can"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1100.339,"endTime":1104.539,"body":"push and pull on it, you can do"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1100.339,"endTime":1104.539,"body":"combine it with other things."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1104.539,"endTime":1110.299,"body":"For example, if you want to make"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1104.539,"endTime":1110.299,"body":"a model of an artery and put a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1110.299,"endTime":1114.529,"body":"hose BB on the end, so you can"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1110.299,"endTime":1114.529,"body":"plug it into a model circulatory"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1114.529,"endTime":1118.609,"body":"system, you can do that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1114.529,"endTime":1118.609,"body":"combination in SolidWorks and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1118.879,"endTime":1123.349,"body":"produce a file that you can then"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1118.879,"endTime":1123.349,"body":"print that you can work with."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1124.07,"endTime":1127.28,"body":"Very well"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1124.07,"endTime":1127.28,"body":"explained. I think you mentioned"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1127.28,"endTime":1130.61,"body":"that visuals are needed to well"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1127.28,"endTime":1130.61,"body":"not needed but usually have"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1130.61,"endTime":1133.46,"body":"visuals handy to explain this."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1130.61,"endTime":1133.46,"body":"But for everyone that's"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1133.46,"endTime":1136.94,"body":"listening to this driving. That"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1133.46,"endTime":1136.94,"body":"was excellent. Thank you. My"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1136.94,"endTime":1140.39,"body":"next question is going to be"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1136.94,"endTime":1140.39,"body":"about something that you touched"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1140.39,"endTime":1145.01,"body":"upon the level of detail of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1140.39,"endTime":1145.01,"body":"these files. What determines, of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1145.01,"endTime":1148.1,"body":"course, the customer will ask"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1145.01,"endTime":1148.1,"body":"you, but in which cases do you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1148.1,"endTime":1149.63,"body":"need more detail than others?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1151.43,"endTime":1157.55,"body":"It really"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1151.43,"endTime":1157.55,"body":"depends on what a customer wants"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1157.55,"endTime":1164.51,"body":"to do with it and is concerned"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1157.55,"endTime":1164.51,"body":"about. So if you're making a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1164.51,"endTime":1169.28,"body":"model that's going to be used"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1164.51,"endTime":1169.28,"body":"for designing dental work, for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1169.31,"endTime":1172.64,"body":"example, for orthognathic"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1169.31,"endTime":1172.64,"body":"surgery, you need a fairly high"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1172.64,"endTime":1177.98,"body":"level of detail in the teeth and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1172.64,"endTime":1177.98,"body":"lower levels in other"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1177.98,"endTime":1181.46,"body":"structures. So you can actually"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1177.98,"endTime":1181.46,"body":"make some regions very well"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1181.46,"endTime":1188.57,"body":"detailed and others less, less"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1181.46,"endTime":1188.57,"body":"highly detailed. If you're"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1188.57,"endTime":1194.51,"body":"interested in a blood vessels,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1188.57,"endTime":1194.51,"body":"you may be interested in"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1194.51,"endTime":1198.29,"body":"branches which are larger than a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1194.51,"endTime":1198.29,"body":"certain diameter say larger than"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1198.29,"endTime":1202.49,"body":"one millimeter diameter. I'll so"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1198.29,"endTime":1202.49,"body":"we could smooth out the various"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1202.49,"endTime":1205.28,"body":"small branches, most of which we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1202.49,"endTime":1205.28,"body":"probably wouldn't even see on"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1205.28,"endTime":1210.53,"body":"the scan. But if there are any"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1205.28,"endTime":1210.53,"body":"that we do see, we would be able"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1210.53,"endTime":1216.98,"body":"to smooth those out. And then"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1210.53,"endTime":1216.98,"body":"include all only the larger"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1216.98,"endTime":1222.74,"body":"ones. So there's really a lot of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1216.98,"endTime":1222.74,"body":"back and forth with the with the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1222.74,"endTime":1228.8,"body":"customers. And I think often I"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1222.74,"endTime":1228.8,"body":"would say the most important"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1228.8,"endTime":1232.64,"body":"criterion for the success of a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1228.8,"endTime":1232.64,"body":"project is a lot of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1232.64,"endTime":1237.26,"body":"communication with with a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1232.64,"endTime":1237.26,"body":"customer or client to make sure"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1237.26,"endTime":1241.58,"body":"that we're meeting their needs."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1237.26,"endTime":1241.58,"body":"Another, of course, restriction"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1241.58,"endTime":1246.86,"body":"on the level of detail is the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1241.58,"endTime":1246.86,"body":"original data. The typical"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1246.89,"endTime":1254.03,"body":"slices in a CT scan are anywhere"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1246.89,"endTime":1254.03,"body":"from my half millimeter to five"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1254.03,"endTime":1260.66,"body":"millimeters apart, depending on"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1254.03,"endTime":1260.66,"body":"the scan, what a large area it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1260.69,"endTime":1265.43,"body":"covers. So we cannot improve on"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1260.69,"endTime":1265.43,"body":"the resolution of the original"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1265.43,"endTime":1270.95,"body":"scans. What are the difficulties"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1265.43,"endTime":1270.95,"body":"with MRIs as opposed to CTS is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1270.95,"endTime":1276.74,"body":"that MRIs tend to have poor"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1270.95,"endTime":1276.74,"body":"spatial resolution, they do have"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1276.74,"endTime":1280.91,"body":"the advantage of much better"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1276.74,"endTime":1280.91,"body":"soft tissue contrast. So if"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1280.91,"endTime":1285.83,"body":"you're interested in, for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1280.91,"endTime":1285.83,"body":"example, looking at the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1285.83,"endTime":1291.98,"body":"difference between fat and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1285.83,"endTime":1291.98,"body":"muscle, you would almost always"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1291.98,"endTime":1296.84,"body":"want to use an MRI scan even"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1291.98,"endTime":1296.84,"body":"though the spatial resolution is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1296.84,"endTime":1297.59,"body":"not as good"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1342.75,"endTime":1346.0800000000002,"body":"ski. I want to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1342.75,"endTime":1346.0800000000002,"body":"take a real quick break to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1346.0800000000002,"endTime":1350.64,"body":"mention to our listeners that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1346.0800000000002,"endTime":1350.64,"body":"this podcast is sponsored by"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1350.64,"endTime":1354.5700000000002,"body":"pipeline design an engineer. And"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1350.64,"endTime":1354.5700000000002,"body":"if you visit teen pipeline that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1354.5700000000002,"endTime":1358.41,"body":"US is where you can learn more"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1354.5700000000002,"endTime":1358.41,"body":"about how we help medical device"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1358.6200000000001,"endTime":1362.55,"body":"and other products engineering"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1358.6200000000001,"endTime":1362.55,"body":"or manufacturing teams develop"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1362.55,"endTime":1366.6000000000001,"body":"turnkey equipment, custom"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1362.55,"endTime":1366.6000000000001,"body":"fixtures and automation machines"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1366.6000000000001,"endTime":1370.74,"body":"to correct arise, inspect,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1366.6000000000001,"endTime":1370.74,"body":"assemble, manufacture and"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1370.74,"endTime":1374.25,"body":"perform verification testing on"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1370.74,"endTime":1374.25,"body":"your devices. Also a friendly"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1374.25,"endTime":1377.13,"body":"reminder to our listeners that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1374.25,"endTime":1377.13,"body":"we really appreciate your"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1377.13,"endTime":1381.3,"body":"podcast reviews. We're trying to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1377.13,"endTime":1381.3,"body":"get to 105 Star podcast reviews"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1381.3,"endTime":1383.76,"body":"on the App Store. It really"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1381.3,"endTime":1383.76,"body":"helps other people find the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1383.76,"endTime":1387.9,"body":"podcast, I'm here with my guest,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1383.76,"endTime":1387.9,"body":"Crispin Weinberg. And my"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1387.9,"endTime":1391.2,"body":"following question is going to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1387.9,"endTime":1391.2,"body":"be you mentioned several"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1391.2,"endTime":1398.01,"body":"softwares are needed to edit the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1391.2,"endTime":1398.01,"body":"scan file before it's delivered"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1398.01,"endTime":1402.63,"body":"to the customer. So my question"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1398.01,"endTime":1402.63,"body":"is, can one person is one person"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1402.63,"endTime":1405.93,"body":"usually able to do all this all"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1402.63,"endTime":1405.93,"body":"the all the editing? Or do you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1405.93,"endTime":1408.18,"body":"need multiple people on your"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1405.93,"endTime":1408.18,"body":"team with different software"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1408.18,"endTime":1409.5,"body":"skill sets to do this?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1411.51,"endTime":1415.65,"body":"One person"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1411.51,"endTime":1415.65,"body":"with a sufficient background and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1415.65,"endTime":1421.0800000000002,"body":"training can certainly do it."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1415.65,"endTime":1421.0800000000002,"body":"But often people will like to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1421.0800000000002,"endTime":1426.9,"body":"specialize in one area or"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1421.0800000000002,"endTime":1426.9,"body":"another. So one of the ways I"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1426.9,"endTime":1432.8400000000001,"body":"like to describe it as the what"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1426.9,"endTime":1432.8400000000001,"body":"I do is probably about 50%"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1432.8700000000001,"endTime":1442.53,"body":"engineering and 40% medicine and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1432.8700000000001,"endTime":1442.53,"body":"10% art. The exact proportions"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1442.53,"endTime":1447.51,"body":"may vary a little bit from one"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1442.53,"endTime":1447.51,"body":"project to another. I certainly"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1447.51,"endTime":1453.69,"body":"do. But there's a there's a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1447.51,"endTime":1453.69,"body":"mixture of skills. And one of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1453.69,"endTime":1458.28,"body":"the things that I've often done"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1453.69,"endTime":1458.28,"body":"is, when looking for people,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1458.31,"endTime":1462.75,"body":"when I look at the resumes, I'm"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1458.31,"endTime":1462.75,"body":"usually looking at biomedical"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1462.75,"endTime":1468.0900000000001,"body":"engineers, but if they say"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1462.75,"endTime":1468.0900000000001,"body":"anything about, you know, doing"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1468.1200000000001,"endTime":1472.71,"body":"art projects of any sort, or"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1468.1200000000001,"endTime":1472.71,"body":"ceramics, or by you know,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1472.71,"endTime":1476.7,"body":"particularly three dimensional"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1472.71,"endTime":1476.7,"body":"art type things, I tend to be"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1477.15,"endTime":1482.5800000000002,"body":"look very favorably on those. So"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1477.15,"endTime":1482.5800000000002,"body":"that's a very important"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1482.5800000000002,"endTime":1486.3,"body":"criterion for trying to find"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1482.5800000000002,"endTime":1486.3,"body":"people who can do this, it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1486.3,"endTime":1491.13,"body":"involves a very good sense of 3d"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1486.3,"endTime":1491.13,"body":"vision, 3d visualization, which"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1491.13,"endTime":1497.8200000000002,"body":"many, which most engineers have,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1491.13,"endTime":1497.8200000000002,"body":"of course, but also sort of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1497.8200000000002,"endTime":1502.6200000000001,"body":"artistic sense of trying to make"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1497.8200000000002,"endTime":1502.6200000000001,"body":"it because you can make a three"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1502.6200000000001,"endTime":1505.41,"body":"dimensional model. And if you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1502.6200000000001,"endTime":1505.41,"body":"just exported it from the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1505.41,"endTime":1510.15,"body":"medical imaging process,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1505.41,"endTime":1510.15,"body":"processing software, and built"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1510.15,"endTime":1514.05,"body":"it directly is that it would"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1510.15,"endTime":1514.05,"body":"probably look kind of ratty or"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1514.05,"endTime":1517.68,"body":"ugly. But with a little bit of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1514.05,"endTime":1517.68,"body":"editing, you're not actually"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1517.68,"endTime":1520.56,"body":"changing the data, but you're"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1517.68,"endTime":1520.56,"body":"making it so it comes out"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1521.46,"endTime":1526.77,"body":"looking much nicer. And one of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1521.46,"endTime":1526.77,"body":"the ways I describe what we do"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1528.0,"endTime":1531.24,"body":"we make things that are both"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1528.0,"endTime":1531.24,"body":"beautiful and terrifying at the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1531.24,"endTime":1536.4,"body":"same time. My favorite example"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1531.24,"endTime":1536.4,"body":"of food and if you look at our"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1536.4,"endTime":1543.63,"body":"website of the bio model.com"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1536.4,"endTime":1543.63,"body":"There's a picture of a large"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1543.69,"endTime":1547.65,"body":"tumor in a jaw that we've"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1543.69,"endTime":1547.65,"body":"colored red with a bone"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1547.65,"endTime":1551.49,"body":"transparent. If you hold that up"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1547.65,"endTime":1551.49,"body":"to the light, it's beautiful. It"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1551.49,"endTime":1558.3,"body":"glows like a Ruby. But at the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1551.49,"endTime":1558.3,"body":"same time, imagining this fist"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1558.3,"endTime":1563.04,"body":"sized lump growing on somebody's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1558.3,"endTime":1563.04,"body":"jaw is really terrifying and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1563.04,"endTime":1567.24,"body":"frightening and horrible. So"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1563.04,"endTime":1567.24,"body":"it's it's a fascinating"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1567.24,"endTime":1571.2,"body":"combination of things, which are"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1567.24,"endTime":1571.2,"body":"both beautiful and terrifying."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1572.43,"endTime":1574.26,"body":"So it sounds like"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1572.43,"endTime":1574.26,"body":"you've been doing this for 20"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1574.26,"endTime":1577.3200000000002,"body":"years. Is that right? Bomb?"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1574.26,"endTime":1577.3200000000002,"body":"Biomedical modeling increase."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1577.3200000000002,"endTime":1577.8300000000002,"body":"All right,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1578.039,"endTime":1580.409,"body":"that's right."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1578.039,"endTime":1580.409,"body":"Yeah, but just about 20 years."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1580.799,"endTime":1582.059,"body":"Congratulations."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1582.1200000000001,"endTime":1583.77,"body":"Well, thank"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1582.1200000000001,"endTime":1583.77,"body":"you, as well."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1585.51,"endTime":1588.5700000000002,"body":"I wanted to ask"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1585.51,"endTime":1588.5700000000002,"body":"you, are you You said we, so it"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1588.5700000000002,"endTime":1592.17,"body":"doesn't sound like you're a one"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1588.5700000000002,"endTime":1592.17,"body":"man team. How big is your team?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1592.41,"endTime":1595.92,"body":"Well, that's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1592.41,"endTime":1595.92,"body":"actually pretty small. Really,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1595.92,"endTime":1601.77,"body":"right now, it's just me and one"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1595.92,"endTime":1601.77,"body":"other biomedical engineer and a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1602.22,"endTime":1606.3300000000002,"body":"part time bookkeeper. So it's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1602.22,"endTime":1606.3300000000002,"body":"gotten pretty small. At times,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1606.3300000000002,"endTime":1608.76,"body":"it's been up to like four or"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1606.3300000000002,"endTime":1608.76,"body":"five people. But it's not a huge"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1608.76,"endTime":1615.48,"body":"business. Partly because I like"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1608.76,"endTime":1615.48,"body":"to keep my hands on a lot of it."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1615.48,"endTime":1619.8300000000002,"body":"And a lot of it is this steady"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1615.48,"endTime":1619.8300000000002,"body":"communication with the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1619.8300000000002,"endTime":1620.55,"body":"customers."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1621.6000000000001,"endTime":1624.96,"body":"I see. Well, I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1621.6000000000001,"endTime":1624.96,"body":"want to ask you some questions"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1624.96,"endTime":1627.63,"body":"about business just so we can"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1624.96,"endTime":1627.63,"body":"get if anything's off limits,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1627.63,"endTime":1631.8,"body":"just please let me know. But I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1627.63,"endTime":1631.8,"body":"want to get an idea of like,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1631.8,"endTime":1636.93,"body":"what's your best seller in terms"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1631.8,"endTime":1636.93,"body":"of what's the CAD file that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1636.93,"endTime":1639.06,"body":"people tend to ask for the most"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1636.93,"endTime":1639.06,"body":"often?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1641.3700000000001,"endTime":1645.81,"body":"Oh, most"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1641.3700000000001,"endTime":1645.81,"body":"people in terms of CAD files are"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1645.9,"endTime":1652.6200000000001,"body":"probably looking at parts of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1645.9,"endTime":1652.6200000000001,"body":"skeleton that is used, I think a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1652.6200000000001,"endTime":1660.27,"body":"lot in simulating how bodies"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1652.6200000000001,"endTime":1660.27,"body":"function and respond to various"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1660.27,"endTime":1667.71,"body":"accidents and devices and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1660.27,"endTime":1667.71,"body":"repairs, it's also probably"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1667.71,"endTime":1672.03,"body":"makes sense because the skeleton"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1667.71,"endTime":1672.03,"body":"is rigid or unyielding and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1672.03,"endTime":1682.14,"body":"making physical models of it is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1672.03,"endTime":1682.14,"body":"pretty a good representation. So"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1682.14,"endTime":1685.92,"body":"that's probably the area where"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1682.14,"endTime":1685.92,"body":"we've made the most CAD files."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1686.1000000000001,"endTime":1690.48,"body":"The second most is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1686.1000000000001,"endTime":1690.48,"body":"cardiovascular, which is of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1690.48,"endTime":1693.93,"body":"course, the complete opposite,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1690.48,"endTime":1693.93,"body":"it's very soft and moving. But"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1693.99,"endTime":1698.31,"body":"the heart, of course, is very"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1693.99,"endTime":1698.31,"body":"complicated. And doing minimally"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1698.31,"endTime":1701.91,"body":"invasive surgery, where people"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1698.31,"endTime":1701.91,"body":"are feeding catheters up to the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1701.91,"endTime":1707.16,"body":"leg and into the heart and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1701.91,"endTime":1707.16,"body":"delaying procedures is an area"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1707.49,"endTime":1713.43,"body":"that requires a lot of training"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1707.49,"endTime":1713.43,"body":"and simulation to make sure your"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1713.43,"endTime":1717.18,"body":"device can get around all those"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1713.43,"endTime":1717.18,"body":"curves of those blood vessels"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1717.21,"endTime":1722.16,"body":"and, and do its job. And so"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1717.21,"endTime":1722.16,"body":"we've made quite a few CAD"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1722.16,"endTime":1730.68,"body":"models for the heart, and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1722.16,"endTime":1730.68,"body":"particularly for minimally"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1730.68,"endTime":1732.75,"body":"invasive mitral valve surgery."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1733.8300000000002,"endTime":1737.55,"body":"Perfect. What's"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1733.8300000000002,"endTime":1737.55,"body":"what an what excites you the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1737.55,"endTime":1740.91,"body":"most about working in biomedical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1737.55,"endTime":1740.91,"body":"modeling Inc,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1741.21,"endTime":1745.41,"body":"I think what"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1741.21,"endTime":1745.41,"body":"really excites me is being able"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1745.41,"endTime":1751.14,"body":"to use these engineering skills"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1745.41,"endTime":1751.14,"body":"to make things that help people,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1752.22,"endTime":1757.77,"body":"it's really wonderful to feel"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1752.22,"endTime":1757.77,"body":"then part of making many of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1757.77,"endTime":1763.6200000000001,"body":"devices which help improve"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1757.77,"endTime":1763.6200000000001,"body":"medical care, and, and make it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1764.5800000000002,"endTime":1770.43,"body":"more more human I, one of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1764.5800000000002,"endTime":1770.43,"body":"other areas that it's can be"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1770.43,"endTime":1775.95,"body":"very useful for, as is what's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1770.43,"endTime":1775.95,"body":"starting to be called more"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1775.95,"endTime":1779.97,"body":"personalized medicine, where you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1775.95,"endTime":1779.97,"body":"can actually customize devices"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1779.97,"endTime":1785.46,"body":"for the individual patient. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1779.97,"endTime":1785.46,"body":"as well as, for example,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1785.46,"endTime":1788.4,"body":"pharmaceutical treatments,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1785.46,"endTime":1788.4,"body":"because being customized for the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1788.88,"endTime":1794.4,"body":"individual patient. I think"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1788.88,"endTime":1794.4,"body":"we're we're coming into an era"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1796.1100000000001,"endTime":1799.05,"body":"where we recognize that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1796.1100000000001,"endTime":1799.05,"body":"different people have different"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1799.0800000000002,"endTime":1802.3500000000001,"body":"metabolisms and different bodies"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1799.0800000000002,"endTime":1802.3500000000001,"body":"and different anatomies. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1802.3500000000001,"endTime":1807.51,"body":"they react differently to these"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1802.3500000000001,"endTime":1807.51,"body":"things. So instead of going to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1849.3799999999999,"endTime":1853.55,"body":"this shelf and buying a hip"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1849.3799999999999,"endTime":1853.55,"body":"implant, and saying, Well, I'm"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1853.55,"endTime":1857.12,"body":"going to put in a one that's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1853.55,"endTime":1857.12,"body":"either small, medium or large,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1857.3,"endTime":1861.8899999999999,"body":"you find one which fits the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1857.3,"endTime":1861.8899999999999,"body":"patient shape, and actually can"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1861.8899999999999,"endTime":1866.96,"body":"make it there are a number of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1861.8899999999999,"endTime":1866.96,"body":"companies involved in doing"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1866.96,"endTime":1872.21,"body":"things like that and starting to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1866.96,"endTime":1872.21,"body":"make products that are actually"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1872.24,"endTime":1875.45,"body":"customized to the individual"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1872.24,"endTime":1875.45,"body":"patient. And I think there's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1875.48,"endTime":1879.32,"body":"we're going to see much more of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1875.48,"endTime":1879.32,"body":"that in the next decade or two."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1880.399,"endTime":1884.239,"body":"Fantastic if you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1880.399,"endTime":1884.239,"body":"were an 18 year old about to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1884.239,"endTime":1890.389,"body":"enroll in college is still you?"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1884.239,"endTime":1890.389,"body":"What major would you choose? And"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1890.389,"endTime":1890.869,"body":"why?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1893.72,"endTime":1896.96,"body":"I probably"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1893.72,"endTime":1896.96,"body":"would choose biomedical"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1896.96,"endTime":1901.1,"body":"engineering right now, because I"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1896.96,"endTime":1901.1,"body":"think it's just fascinating. I"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1901.1,"endTime":1907.49,"body":"think the way the body works is"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1901.1,"endTime":1907.49,"body":"a marvelous, marvelous machine"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1907.6699999999998,"endTime":1911.51,"body":"sets, let's say, the way that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1907.6699999999998,"endTime":1911.51,"body":"different parts work together"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1911.99,"endTime":1917.09,"body":"are just fantastic. And, and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1911.99,"endTime":1917.09,"body":"truly fascinating."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1918.02,"endTime":1920.51,"body":"Has is"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1918.02,"endTime":1920.51,"body":"impossible. And now we're"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1920.51,"endTime":1923.6599999999999,"body":"jumping subjects. But these"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1920.51,"endTime":1923.6599999999999,"body":"questions are just popping up in"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1923.6599999999999,"endTime":1928.37,"body":"my mind, is it possible to run F"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1923.6599999999999,"endTime":1928.37,"body":"E, A analysis and some of the 3d"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1928.37,"endTime":1929.27,"body":"scans you do?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1930.35,"endTime":1932.6,"body":"Well, again,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1930.35,"endTime":1932.6,"body":"you don't do FDA directly on the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1932.6,"endTime":1937.04,"body":"scan. But you can certainly do"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1932.6,"endTime":1937.04,"body":"it on the on the CAD models that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1937.04,"endTime":1942.8,"body":"we've produced for from and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1937.04,"endTime":1942.8,"body":"we've certainly made a CAD"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1942.8,"endTime":1949.1599999999999,"body":"models of for companies doing"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1942.8,"endTime":1949.1599999999999,"body":"FDA type analysis."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1950.3899999999999,"endTime":1953.3899999999999,"body":"Wonderful. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1950.3899999999999,"endTime":1953.3899999999999,"body":"I misspoke on the graph is what"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1953.3899999999999,"endTime":1956.84,"body":"I meant. All right. Well, is"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1953.3899999999999,"endTime":1956.84,"body":"there something that I haven't"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1956.84,"endTime":1958.8799999999999,"body":"asked you that maybe I should"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1956.84,"endTime":1958.8799999999999,"body":"have asked you that you want to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1958.8799999999999,"endTime":1959.9299999999998,"body":"share with the audience?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1960.4389999999999,"endTime":1965.119,"body":"Well, I'd love"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1960.4389999999999,"endTime":1965.119,"body":"to talk about some of the the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1965.149,"endTime":1969.9189999999999,"body":"special cases we've done."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1965.149,"endTime":1969.9189999999999,"body":"Probably the most famous case we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1969.9189999999999,"endTime":1975.859,"body":"have was actually just about 20"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1969.9189999999999,"endTime":1975.859,"body":"years ago now, which is hard to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1975.859,"endTime":1979.729,"body":"imagine. But it was the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1975.859,"endTime":1979.729,"body":"conjoined twins from Guatemala,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1979.9089999999999,"endTime":1983.599,"body":"who were joined at the back of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1979.9089999999999,"endTime":1983.599,"body":"the head. And they were going to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1983.599,"endTime":1990.319,"body":"be separated by a team at UCLA,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1983.599,"endTime":1990.319,"body":"they had to be separated,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1990.499,"endTime":1993.7089999999998,"body":"because they were joined at the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1990.499,"endTime":1993.7089999999998,"body":"back of the head. And eventually"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1993.7089999999998,"endTime":1997.1589999999999,"body":"the brains would grow into each"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1993.7089999999998,"endTime":1997.1589999999999,"body":"other and compress the two"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1997.1589999999999,"endTime":1999.9489999999998,"body":"brains, and they would die from"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1997.1589999999999,"endTime":1999.9489999999998,"body":"that probably somewhere around"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1999.9489999999998,"endTime":2005.799,"body":"four or five, if they had"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":1999.9489999999998,"endTime":2005.799,"body":"managed to survive that long. So"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2006.639,"endTime":2011.649,"body":"we got to make models for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2006.639,"endTime":2011.649,"body":"planning that surgery. And it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2011.649,"endTime":2017.739,"body":"was a very interesting"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2011.649,"endTime":2017.739,"body":"experience. Because when we, we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2017.739,"endTime":2023.379,"body":"were weren't initially involved"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2017.739,"endTime":2023.379,"body":"in it. And the chief surgeon had"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2023.559,"endTime":2027.759,"body":"had a resident who had worked"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2023.559,"endTime":2027.759,"body":"with our models at a previous"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2028.629,"endTime":2031.779,"body":"hospital where he had been, and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2028.629,"endTime":2031.779,"body":"he said to the surgeon, you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2031.779,"endTime":2035.109,"body":"should get these models. And a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2031.779,"endTime":2035.109,"body":"surgeon said, Man, why do I need"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2035.109,"endTime":2038.859,"body":"that I can look at those scans."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2035.109,"endTime":2038.859,"body":"I know what I'm looking at. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2038.889,"endTime":2041.829,"body":"fortunately, the resident"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2038.889,"endTime":2041.829,"body":"persisted. He said, okay, okay."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2043.329,"endTime":2047.4389999999999,"body":"Let's do it. But you know, we're"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2043.329,"endTime":2047.4389999999999,"body":"doing this case, pro bono, we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2047.4389999999999,"endTime":2051.309,"body":"don't have any funds for it. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2047.4389999999999,"endTime":2051.309,"body":"so they asked if we would donate"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2051.309,"endTime":2054.789,"body":"our services and make piles. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2051.309,"endTime":2054.789,"body":"we said, Well, yeah, there's a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2054.789,"endTime":2058.599,"body":"very exciting, really"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2054.789,"endTime":2058.599,"body":"challenging, so we agreed to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2058.599,"endTime":2063.099,"body":"donate models. And we made them,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2058.599,"endTime":2063.099,"body":"we made actually three models,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2063.129,"endTime":2067.149,"body":"which turned out to be very"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2063.129,"endTime":2067.149,"body":"successful one model of each"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2067.149,"endTime":2070.869,"body":"girl's head, and then one model"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2067.149,"endTime":2070.869,"body":"of the blood vessels between the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2070.869,"endTime":2076.329,"body":"brain. Well, the day that the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2070.869,"endTime":2076.329,"body":"surgeon received the models, he"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2076.329,"endTime":2080.829,"body":"called us up and said, I saw"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2076.329,"endTime":2080.829,"body":"something on the models that I"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2080.829,"endTime":2086.349,"body":"hadn't seen before in any of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2080.829,"endTime":2086.349,"body":"images that I had looked at. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2086.379,"endTime":2089.469,"body":"so first of all, it already"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2086.379,"endTime":2089.469,"body":"showed that there are very"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2089.4990000000003,"endTime":2093.669,"body":"powerful educational tools. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2089.4990000000003,"endTime":2093.669,"body":"as I mentioned earlier, we're"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2093.6989999999996,"endTime":2095.739,"body":"used to looking at three"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2093.6989999999996,"endTime":2095.739,"body":"dimensional objects and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2095.739,"endTime":2099.4289999999996,"body":"understanding what we're looking"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2095.739,"endTime":2099.4289999999996,"body":"at. When you're looking at the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2099.459,"endTime":2103.4489999999996,"body":"two dimensional images, you tend"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2099.459,"endTime":2103.4489999999996,"body":"to only look for the things you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2103.4489999999996,"endTime":2107.2889999999998,"body":"think you know, you're looking"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2103.4489999999996,"endTime":2107.2889999999998,"body":"for. And you don't really notice"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2107.5589999999997,"endTime":2112.509,"body":"the things that you're not"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2107.5589999999997,"endTime":2112.509,"body":"looking for, like the proverbial"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2112.5389999999998,"endTime":2116.169,"body":"gorilla in the room sort of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2112.5389999999998,"endTime":2116.169,"body":"thing that you don't look at"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2116.1989999999996,"endTime":2119.229,"body":"those things because you're not"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2116.1989999999996,"endTime":2119.229,"body":"looking for them. When you look"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2119.229,"endTime":2122.259,"body":"at that three dimensional"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2119.229,"endTime":2122.259,"body":"objects, you see, oh, this part"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2122.2889999999998,"endTime":2125.709,"body":"is twisted than their spines"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2122.2889999999998,"endTime":2125.709,"body":"were twisted in a way that he"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2125.709,"endTime":2129.189,"body":"did not know. That probably"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2125.709,"endTime":2129.189,"body":"won't make any difference to the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2129.189,"endTime":2134.679,"body":"operation. But it's good to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2129.189,"endTime":2134.679,"body":"know, just in case it does. The"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2134.679,"endTime":2142.719,"body":"next thing that we learned,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2134.679,"endTime":2142.719,"body":"well, the greatest moment of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2142.719,"endTime":2149.109,"body":"publicity are our 15 minutes of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2142.719,"endTime":2149.109,"body":"fame, so to speak, as the chief"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2149.109,"endTime":2153.249,"body":"surgeon was interviewed on Good"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2149.109,"endTime":2153.249,"body":"Morning America, about this"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2153.249,"endTime":2157.179,"body":"procedure before it took place"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2153.249,"endTime":2157.179,"body":"any payment, he had our models"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2157.209,"endTime":2162.519,"body":"in his lap, and he picked them"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2157.209,"endTime":2162.519,"body":"up with the two heads joined"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2162.519,"endTime":2166.3289999999997,"body":"together. We put little"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2162.519,"endTime":2166.3289999999997,"body":"alignment pins in there, and he"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2166.599,"endTime":2170.709,"body":"told them apart. So this is what"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2166.599,"endTime":2170.709,"body":"we're going to do. And this"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2171.819,"endTime":2174.369,"body":"despite the Vinay describe, of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2171.819,"endTime":2174.369,"body":"course, the models haven't been"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2174.369,"endTime":2178.959,"body":"made by our company biomedical"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2174.369,"endTime":2178.959,"body":"modeling in Boston. And so this"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2178.959,"endTime":2185.529,"body":"was incredible publicity for us,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2178.959,"endTime":2185.529,"body":"of course, and very excited."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2185.5589999999997,"endTime":2191.439,"body":"Probably also, the first time"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2185.5589999999997,"endTime":2191.439,"body":"many people ever saw or heard of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2191.439,"endTime":2194.739,"body":"3d printing, because at that"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2191.439,"endTime":2194.739,"body":"time that was primarily"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2195.669,"endTime":2199.569,"body":"something that was used by"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2195.669,"endTime":2199.569,"body":"aerospace engineers and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2199.599,"endTime":2203.589,"body":"automotive engineers. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2199.599,"endTime":2203.589,"body":"outside those areas, it was not"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2204.069,"endTime":2210.0389999999998,"body":"known very widely. So it was"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2204.069,"endTime":2210.0389999999998,"body":"also, I think, an important"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2210.279,"endTime":2215.019,"body":"moment and publicity for our"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2210.279,"endTime":2215.019,"body":"industry as well. Now, the whole"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2215.049,"endTime":2220.839,"body":"industry of, of additive"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2215.049,"endTime":2220.839,"body":"fabrication, then, the next"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2220.839,"endTime":2225.009,"body":"great moment was when the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2220.839,"endTime":2225.009,"body":"operation took place, it was"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2225.0389999999998,"endTime":2232.029,"body":"pretty big news story. And after"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2225.0389999999998,"endTime":2232.029,"body":"the operation, which took, I"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2232.029,"endTime":2238.269,"body":"believe it was 28 hours. Not"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2232.029,"endTime":2238.269,"body":"everybody being there all the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2238.269,"endTime":2241.119,"body":"time, obviously. And we'll get"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2238.269,"endTime":2241.119,"body":"to that in a second."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2243.11,"endTime":2248.18,"body":"Then the all the big news media"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2243.11,"endTime":2248.18,"body":"and so on, we're trying to call"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2248.18,"endTime":2251.93,"body":"a surgeon and interview him"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2248.18,"endTime":2251.93,"body":"about Halloween. And he called"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2251.93,"endTime":2258.5299999999997,"body":"us to thank us for the models,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2251.93,"endTime":2258.5299999999997,"body":"because he knew that he would"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2258.59,"endTime":2260.81,"body":"probably still be in the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2258.59,"endTime":2260.81,"body":"operating room because it would"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2260.81,"endTime":2264.35,"body":"have taken longer if they hadn't"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2260.81,"endTime":2264.35,"body":"had the models for planning. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2264.5299999999997,"endTime":2267.86,"body":"the result might not have been"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2264.5299999999997,"endTime":2267.86,"body":"as successful, the result was"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2267.86,"endTime":2272.54,"body":"quite successful. Both girls"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2267.86,"endTime":2272.54,"body":"survived, one with some"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2272.54,"endTime":2280.5499999999997,"body":"neurological defects and one"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2272.54,"endTime":2280.5499999999997,"body":"quite normal is remarkably good,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2280.5499999999997,"endTime":2284.9,"body":"because they actually shared"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2280.5499999999997,"endTime":2284.9,"body":"blood vessels in the brain. So."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2285.98,"endTime":2289.64,"body":"So getting back to one of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2285.98,"endTime":2289.64,"body":"other things I had mentioned, it"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2289.64,"endTime":2293.66,"body":"was very fortunate, we sent the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2289.64,"endTime":2293.66,"body":"three models, We'd only been"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2293.66,"endTime":2297.38,"body":"asked to make models of bone,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2293.66,"endTime":2297.38,"body":"the skulls. But it turned out"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2297.44,"endTime":2300.83,"body":"the operation, in addition to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2297.44,"endTime":2300.83,"body":"having the chief plastic surgeon"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2301.22,"endTime":2304.4,"body":"also had a chief neurosurgeon,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2301.22,"endTime":2304.4,"body":"who was going to do the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2304.4,"endTime":2308.12,"body":"dissection of the blood vessels."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2304.4,"endTime":2308.12,"body":"And so he had this model of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2308.12,"endTime":2314.06,"body":"blood vessels, which helped him"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2308.12,"endTime":2314.06,"body":"and particularly later, we've"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2314.06,"endTime":2319.52,"body":"got video footage of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2314.06,"endTime":2319.52,"body":"operation. And we saw that the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2319.61,"endTime":2323.2999999999997,"body":"chief neurosurgeon and the chief"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2319.61,"endTime":2323.2999999999997,"body":"plastic surgeon, going off,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2323.72,"endTime":2326.15,"body":"getting together looking at the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2323.72,"endTime":2326.15,"body":"models and consulting and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2326.18,"endTime":2328.22,"body":"talking about what they were"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2326.18,"endTime":2328.22,"body":"going to do, and then going back"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2328.22,"endTime":2334.88,"body":"to the patient's another use of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2328.22,"endTime":2334.88,"body":"the models had been for"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2335.39,"endTime":2340.94,"body":"choreographing the operation, as"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2335.39,"endTime":2340.94,"body":"I mentioned, there, the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2340.94,"endTime":2343.22,"body":"operation went on for a long"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2340.94,"endTime":2343.22,"body":"time over the course of the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2343.22,"endTime":2347.27,"body":"operation are probably about 50"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2343.22,"endTime":2347.27,"body":"Different people at one time or"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2347.27,"endTime":2351.35,"body":"another. They were also starting"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2347.27,"endTime":2351.35,"body":"with one patient and ending up"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2351.35,"endTime":2355.5499999999997,"body":"with two patients. So they"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2351.35,"endTime":2355.5499999999997,"body":"essentially had to hold a dress"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2355.5499999999997,"endTime":2361.61,"body":"rehearsal of who was going to be"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2355.5499999999997,"endTime":2361.61,"body":"where, when, and the models were"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2361.61,"endTime":2364.67,"body":"very useful as sort of serving"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2361.61,"endTime":2364.67,"body":"as a surrogate that they could"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2364.67,"endTime":2368.75,"body":"put have together and then pull"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2364.67,"endTime":2368.75,"body":"apart for that. Another use,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2368.81,"endTime":2373.1,"body":"which was totally unanticipated"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2368.81,"endTime":2373.1,"body":"was that the anesthesiologist"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2373.1,"endTime":2380.27,"body":"use them who anesthetize"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2373.1,"endTime":2380.27,"body":"somebody, you have to put a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2380.48,"endTime":2384.59,"body":"tube, a nasal gastric tube down"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2380.48,"endTime":2384.59,"body":"their throat, drop the nose and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2384.59,"endTime":2388.13,"body":"down into the throat, to make"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2384.59,"endTime":2388.13,"body":"sure they don't aspirate, they"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2388.13,"endTime":2391.52,"body":"don't drown in their own fluid"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2388.13,"endTime":2391.52,"body":"secretions when they're"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2391.52,"endTime":2396.7999999999997,"body":"unconscious. And normally, you"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2391.52,"endTime":2396.7999999999997,"body":"do that by tilting a person's"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2396.7999999999997,"endTime":2400.52,"body":"neck back, so that you sort of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2396.7999999999997,"endTime":2400.52,"body":"straightened out the throat. And"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2400.52,"endTime":2403.61,"body":"it's much easier to insert a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2400.52,"endTime":2403.61,"body":"tube. Of course, with the girls"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2403.61,"endTime":2407.21,"body":"whose were joined at the back of"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2403.61,"endTime":2407.21,"body":"the head, it couldn't bend their"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2407.21,"endTime":2412.07,"body":"heads back in that way. And so"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2407.21,"endTime":2412.07,"body":"she had to use the models to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2412.07,"endTime":2415.22,"body":"figure out how she was going to"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2412.07,"endTime":2415.22,"body":"insert the nasal gastric tube,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2415.46,"endTime":2419.06,"body":"not something anybody had"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2415.46,"endTime":2419.06,"body":"anticipated, as a problem, but"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2419.06,"endTime":2423.59,"body":"it turned out that was solving"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2419.06,"endTime":2423.59,"body":"that problem or helped solve"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2423.59,"endTime":2428.0,"body":"that problem in advance. So"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2423.59,"endTime":2428.0,"body":"anyhow, that's a fairly long"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2428.0299999999997,"endTime":2430.94,"body":"story about I could talk on and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2428.0299999999997,"endTime":2430.94,"body":"on about it. But it was an"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2430.94,"endTime":2435.23,"body":"extremely exciting and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2430.94,"endTime":2435.23,"body":"gratifying thing to be involved"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2435.47,"endTime":2439.5499999999997,"body":"in this procedure. And something"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2435.47,"endTime":2439.5499999999997,"body":"that was very successful. And we"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2439.5499999999997,"endTime":2442.37,"body":"got pictures from their 10th"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2439.5499999999997,"endTime":2442.37,"body":"birthday party, which was really"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2442.37,"endTime":2445.7,"body":"delightful. So we were very"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2442.37,"endTime":2445.7,"body":"happy to be part of that."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2446.2999999999997,"endTime":2448.97,"body":"Fantastic. Well,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2446.2999999999997,"endTime":2448.97,"body":"we're gonna have links in the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2448.97,"endTime":2453.7999999999997,"body":"show notes for the articles that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2448.97,"endTime":2453.7999999999997,"body":"you reference your your 15"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2453.7999999999997,"endTime":2456.86,"body":"minutes of fame, which I thought"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2453.7999999999997,"endTime":2456.86,"body":"was pretty funny. And yeah,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2456.86,"endTime":2459.38,"body":"hopefully we can drive some"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2456.86,"endTime":2459.38,"body":"traffic to your website to make"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2459.38,"endTime":2463.25,"body":"people aware of this wonderful"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2459.38,"endTime":2463.25,"body":"resource. Any last words of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2463.25,"endTime":2466.79,"body":"encouragement for any engineers,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2463.25,"endTime":2466.79,"body":"maybe still in college?"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2469.35,"endTime":2473.43,"body":"I would"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2469.35,"endTime":2473.43,"body":"encourage people to learn as"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2473.43,"endTime":2477.63,"body":"much as you can about different"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2473.43,"endTime":2477.63,"body":"fields. You never know how"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2477.63,"endTime":2482.34,"body":"they're going to fit together."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2477.63,"endTime":2482.34,"body":"You know, I would describe my as"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2482.34,"endTime":2485.79,"body":"I stated when I describe myself"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2482.34,"endTime":2485.79,"body":"now as an anatomical Engineer."},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2485.79,"endTime":2491.49,"body":"Your that didn't exist at all"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2485.79,"endTime":2491.49,"body":"when I was in college, but by"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2491.7,"endTime":2498.21,"body":"learning about physics and"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2491.7,"endTime":2498.21,"body":"biology and mechanics, was in a"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2498.21,"endTime":2503.31,"body":"position that I could come to,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2498.21,"endTime":2503.31,"body":"to do something and help develop"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2503.34,"endTime":2507.57,"body":"a new field that moves things"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2503.34,"endTime":2507.57,"body":"forward. So I encourage people"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2507.72,"endTime":2512.52,"body":"to learn about many different"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2507.72,"endTime":2512.52,"body":"things. Because many of you will"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2512.52,"endTime":2516.72,"body":"be working in careers that don't"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2512.52,"endTime":2516.72,"body":"exist now, but will in the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2516.72,"endTime":2521.7,"body":"future, and it's very exciting"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2516.72,"endTime":2521.7,"body":"to be part of that, building the"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2521.7,"endTime":2526.0499999999997,"body":"future for people. So thank you,"},{"speaker":"Crispin Weinberg","startTime":2521.7,"endTime":2526.0499999999997,"body":"Rafael. I think that's a great."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2526.44,"endTime":2527.79,"body":"Yeah, thank you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2526.44,"endTime":2527.79,"body":"so much for being on the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2527.79,"endTime":2529.17,"body":"podcast. I appreciate it."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2532.71,"endTime":2536.16,"body":"I'm Aaron Moncur,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2532.71,"endTime":2536.16,"body":"founder of pipeline design and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2536.16,"endTime":2539.19,"body":"engineering. If you liked what"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2536.16,"endTime":2539.19,"body":"you heard today, please share"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2539.19,"endTime":2542.73,"body":"the episode. To learn how your"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2539.19,"endTime":2542.73,"body":"team can leverage our team's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2542.73,"endTime":2546.48,"body":"expertise developing turnkey"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2542.73,"endTime":2546.48,"body":"equipment, custom fixtures and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2546.5099999999998,"endTime":2550.7999999999997,"body":"automated machines and with"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2546.5099999999998,"endTime":2550.7999999999997,"body":"product design, visit us at Team"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2550.7999999999997,"endTime":2553.59,"body":"pipeline.us. Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2550.7999999999997,"endTime":2553.59,"body":"listening"}]}