{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":0.0,"endTime":3.0,"body":"Hello, dear"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":0.0,"endTime":3.0,"body":"listener, we are looking to add"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3.0,"endTime":6.81,"body":"a new member to our engineering"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3.0,"endTime":6.81,"body":"team again. Ideally, we're"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":6.81,"endTime":9.96,"body":"looking for a Senior Level"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":6.81,"endTime":9.96,"body":"Mechanical Design Engineer in"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":9.96,"endTime":13.08,"body":"the Phoenix area who has"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":9.96,"endTime":13.08,"body":"experienced designing custom"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":13.11,"endTime":18.0,"body":"automated machines, equipment"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":13.11,"endTime":18.0,"body":"and test fixtures. Also, having"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":18.0,"endTime":21.42,"body":"working experience with controls"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":18.0,"endTime":21.42,"body":"and system integration would be"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":21.42,"endTime":26.16,"body":"a big plus. If you'd like to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":21.42,"endTime":26.16,"body":"apply or suggest someone, please"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":26.16,"endTime":30.3,"body":"email us at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":26.16,"endTime":30.3,"body":"info@teampipeline.us."},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":32.369,"endTime":35.789,"body":"The Being an Engineer"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":32.369,"endTime":35.789,"body":"Podcast is a repository for"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":35.789,"endTime":38.939,"body":"industry knowledge and a tool"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":35.789,"endTime":38.939,"body":"through which engineers learn"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":38.939,"endTime":42.959,"body":"about and connect with relevant"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":38.939,"endTime":42.959,"body":"companies, technologies, people,"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":42.959,"endTime":46.859,"body":"resources and opportunities."},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":42.959,"endTime":46.859,"body":"Enjoy the show."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":47.5,"endTime":49.63,"body":"When you think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":47.5,"endTime":49.63,"body":"about like, what if there were"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":49.63,"endTime":52.6,"body":"little green men out there"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":49.63,"endTime":52.6,"body":"somewhere and we didn't send the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":52.6,"endTime":55.51,"body":"radio signals? How can they come"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":52.6,"endTime":55.51,"body":"here? Well, even if they came"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":55.51,"endTime":61.27,"body":"here once every, you know,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":55.51,"endTime":61.27,"body":"10,000 years, say, for the last"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":61.33,"endTime":63.67,"body":"billion years, like there would"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":61.33,"endTime":63.67,"body":"have been nothing, nothing"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":63.7,"endTime":67.48,"body":"nothing. And now we're spewing"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":63.7,"endTime":67.48,"body":"out no, right."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":80.77,"endTime":83.5,"body":"Hello, and welcome"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":80.77,"endTime":83.5,"body":"to another episode of The Being"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":83.53,"endTime":87.85,"body":"an Engineer Podcast. Today we're"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":83.53,"endTime":87.85,"body":"talking with Tracy Drain, who"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":87.85,"endTime":92.14,"body":"has worked for over 20 years at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":87.85,"endTime":92.14,"body":"NASA on a variety of deep space"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":92.14,"endTime":95.44,"body":"missions and is currently the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":92.14,"endTime":95.44,"body":"Lead Flight Systems Engineer for"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":95.44,"endTime":98.5,"body":"the Europa Clipper Mission at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":95.44,"endTime":98.5,"body":"NASA's Jet Propulsion"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":98.5,"endTime":103.42,"body":"Laboratory, or JPL in Pasadena,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":98.5,"endTime":103.42,"body":"California. Tracy, welcome to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":103.42,"endTime":103.99,"body":"the show."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":104.23,"endTime":105.79,"body":"Thanks, Aaron. It's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":104.23,"endTime":105.79,"body":"my pleasure to be here."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":106.3,"endTime":108.22,"body":"All right. Well,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":106.3,"endTime":108.22,"body":"I've been super excited to talk"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":108.22,"endTime":110.86,"body":"to you. I've got tons of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":108.22,"endTime":110.86,"body":"questions, and we probably won't"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":110.86,"endTime":113.89,"body":"get through all of them, which"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":110.86,"endTime":113.89,"body":"is fine. But let's start with a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":113.89,"endTime":117.28,"body":"question that I asked everyone"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":113.89,"endTime":117.28,"body":"at the beginning, which is how"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":117.28,"endTime":119.47,"body":"did you decide to become an"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":117.28,"endTime":119.47,"body":"engineer?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":119.8,"endTime":121.3,"body":"It was an"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":119.8,"endTime":121.3,"body":"interesting path for me to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":121.3,"endTime":123.67,"body":"decide to become an engineer, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":121.3,"endTime":123.67,"body":"was one of those kids who was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":123.67,"endTime":126.58,"body":"interested in a variety of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":123.67,"endTime":126.58,"body":"things. At one point, I thought"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":126.58,"endTime":129.85,"body":"maybe I'd be a lawyer, maybe I'd"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":126.58,"endTime":129.85,"body":"be a pilot, maybe I would be an"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":129.85,"endTime":132.49,"body":"archaeologist, I was kind of all"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":129.85,"endTime":132.49,"body":"over the place. But one of the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":132.52,"endTime":135.4,"body":"kind of constant threads through"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":132.52,"endTime":135.4,"body":"my interest when I was much"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":135.4,"endTime":138.94,"body":"younger was science fiction. My"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":135.4,"endTime":138.94,"body":"mom introduced me to Star Trek,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":138.94,"endTime":142.0,"body":"Star Wars, Battlestar Galactica,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":138.94,"endTime":142.0,"body":"all of that great stuff. And I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":142.0,"endTime":145.0,"body":"really did love math and science"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":142.0,"endTime":145.0,"body":"through most of school. So when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":145.0,"endTime":147.49,"body":"I was around the junior and high"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":145.0,"endTime":147.49,"body":"school, and I started to think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":147.49,"endTime":150.1,"body":"about what I would study in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":147.49,"endTime":150.1,"body":"college, I wanted something that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":150.1,"endTime":152.65,"body":"would give me some kind of path"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":150.1,"endTime":152.65,"body":"to working in the space"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":152.65,"endTime":156.97,"body":"industry. And back then I'm old"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":152.65,"endTime":156.97,"body":"enough, he said, 20 years old"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":156.97,"endTime":159.37,"body":"enough, we didn't have the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":156.97,"endTime":159.37,"body":"internet. And so I didn't"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":159.37,"endTime":162.73,"body":"actually know what an astronomer"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":159.37,"endTime":162.73,"body":"did all day. And who would hire"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":162.73,"endTime":166.18,"body":"me, so just go study space. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":162.73,"endTime":166.18,"body":"so engineering seemed like a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":166.18,"endTime":169.03,"body":"safer option. And inside"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":166.18,"endTime":169.03,"body":"engineering, I was even too"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":169.03,"endTime":171.85,"body":"chicken to go for aerospace,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":169.03,"endTime":171.85,"body":"because the thing we knew about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":171.85,"endTime":174.01,"body":"the aerospace industry is that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":171.85,"endTime":174.01,"body":"it had its ups and downs. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":174.01,"endTime":176.47,"body":"what if I couldn't get hired,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":174.01,"endTime":176.47,"body":"blah, blah, blah. So I studied"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":176.47,"endTime":178.96,"body":"mechanical engineering, since"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":176.47,"endTime":178.96,"body":"that would be nice and broad."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":178.96,"endTime":181.39,"body":"And I figured any mechanical"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":178.96,"endTime":181.39,"body":"engineers to build spacecraft."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":181.39,"endTime":183.16,"body":"Right. So that's how it came"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":181.39,"endTime":183.16,"body":"about."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":183.7,"endTime":186.04,"body":"Excellent."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":183.7,"endTime":186.04,"body":"Excellent. Well, we all know"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":186.04,"endTime":188.47,"body":"that mechanical engineers are"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":186.04,"endTime":188.47,"body":"the best engineers. Of course,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":188.47,"endTime":191.02,"body":"you might have nuanced opinions"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":188.47,"endTime":191.02,"body":"about that as you move further"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":191.02,"endTime":194.29,"body":"along in your course. But"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":191.02,"endTime":194.29,"body":"mechanical engineers are all"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":194.29,"endTime":197.26,"body":"friends of mine. All right."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":194.29,"endTime":197.26,"body":"Well, one of your"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":197.26,"endTime":203.08,"body":"responsibilities at JPL has been"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":197.26,"endTime":203.08,"body":"to identify mission system fault"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":203.08,"endTime":205.54,"body":"trees, in other words,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":203.08,"endTime":205.54,"body":"identifying things that could go"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":205.54,"endTime":209.89,"body":"wrong, and figuring out ways to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":205.54,"endTime":209.89,"body":"prevent or handle them, can you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":209.89,"endTime":213.19,"body":"share maybe a specific example"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":209.89,"endTime":213.19,"body":"of a risk that your team"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":213.19,"endTime":216.76,"body":"identified, and then what you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":213.19,"endTime":216.76,"body":"did to mitigate that risk?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":217.03,"endTime":219.37,"body":"I can. Yeah, so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":217.03,"endTime":219.37,"body":"even though I studied Mechanical"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":219.37,"endTime":221.62,"body":"Engineering in school, when I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":219.37,"endTime":221.62,"body":"got hired at the lab, I got"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":221.62,"endTime":224.83,"body":"hired in as a systems engineer."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":221.62,"endTime":224.83,"body":"And I'm sure we'll talk more"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":224.83,"endTime":227.02,"body":"about what systems engineering"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":224.83,"endTime":227.02,"body":"is, but it's kind of thinking"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":227.02,"endTime":230.38,"body":"across the broad flight system"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":227.02,"endTime":230.38,"body":"to determine all sorts of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":230.38,"endTime":233.77,"body":"things. And what could go wrong"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":230.38,"endTime":233.77,"body":"is one of those threads. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":233.77,"endTime":236.2,"body":"when we've developed the fault"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":233.77,"endTime":236.2,"body":"tree, you kind of start with a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":236.23,"endTime":240.43,"body":"main critical thing that must go"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":236.23,"endTime":240.43,"body":"right like lunch about that."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":240.82,"endTime":244.0,"body":"We'd like lunch to go. And for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":240.82,"endTime":244.0,"body":"lunch, to be considered to be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":244.0,"endTime":247.15,"body":"successful, several things have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":244.0,"endTime":247.15,"body":"to happen, you need to be on the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":247.15,"endTime":249.55,"body":"right trajectory to wherever"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":247.15,"endTime":249.55,"body":"you're going. You need to be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":249.55,"endTime":252.85,"body":"power positive, not running out"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":249.55,"endTime":252.85,"body":"of power, you need to be able to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":252.85,"endTime":255.91,"body":"communicate with the ground, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":252.85,"endTime":255.91,"body":"you have to have your thermal"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":255.91,"endTime":258.31,"body":"system stable, like nothing is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":255.91,"endTime":258.31,"body":"running off getting way too hot"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":258.31,"endTime":261.43,"body":"or running off getting way too"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":258.31,"endTime":261.43,"body":"cold. So if we take the power,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":261.43,"endTime":264.64,"body":"for example, in order to have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":261.43,"endTime":264.64,"body":"really healthy power on your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":264.64,"endTime":266.8,"body":"spacecraft, especially if your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":264.64,"endTime":266.8,"body":"solar powered like Europa"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":266.8,"endTime":270.01,"body":"Clipper or Juno or Kepler or"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":266.8,"endTime":270.01,"body":"MRO, the other things that I've"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":270.01,"endTime":272.71,"body":"worked on, if you have big"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":270.01,"endTime":272.71,"body":"arrays that need to get"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":272.71,"endTime":276.07,"body":"deployed, they have to be folded"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":272.71,"endTime":276.07,"body":"up like origami to fit inside"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":276.07,"endTime":279.07,"body":"the launch vehicle fairing. Once"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":276.07,"endTime":279.07,"body":"you want a bunch of things have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":279.07,"endTime":281.98,"body":"to happen for those solar arrays"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":279.07,"endTime":281.98,"body":"to get deployed and get pointed"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":281.98,"endTime":284.59,"body":"at the sun so you can be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":281.98,"endTime":284.59,"body":"generating power for your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":284.59,"endTime":287.26,"body":"spacecraft. And there's all"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":284.59,"endTime":287.26,"body":"sorts of things that could not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":287.26,"endTime":290.02,"body":"happen in order to get your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":287.26,"endTime":290.02,"body":"solar arrays deployed, like the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":290.02,"endTime":293.56,"body":"hinges might get stuck or the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":290.02,"endTime":293.56,"body":"commands might not go out or the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":293.74,"endTime":296.83,"body":"restraints that keep them locked"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":293.74,"endTime":296.83,"body":"together might not fire so we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":296.83,"endTime":299.17,"body":"think through all of those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":296.83,"endTime":299.17,"body":"things, and then we try to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":299.17,"endTime":302.14,"body":"figure out what can you do in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":299.17,"endTime":302.14,"body":"the design so that the failure"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":302.14,"endTime":306.4,"body":"can't happen literally. Or if it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":302.14,"endTime":306.4,"body":"can happen, is there a redundant"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":306.4,"endTime":309.22,"body":"part or something you can swap"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":306.4,"endTime":309.22,"body":"to so that the spacecraft will"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":309.22,"endTime":312.4,"body":"still do its job. So when we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":309.22,"endTime":312.4,"body":"think through the fault trees,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":312.4,"endTime":315.73,"body":"we end up with hundreds of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":312.4,"endTime":315.73,"body":"different little things that we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":315.73,"endTime":319.12,"body":"have to go in and figure out how"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":315.73,"endTime":319.12,"body":"to design out or to mitigate."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":319.12,"endTime":321.97,"body":"And then you have to figure out"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":319.12,"endTime":321.97,"body":"how to prove it's going to work"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":322.0,"endTime":325.66,"body":"either via analysis, or test or"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":322.0,"endTime":325.66,"body":"some other things. So it's a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":325.69,"endTime":328.72,"body":"it's a big process. And it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":325.69,"endTime":328.72,"body":"lots of fun. It's a little bit"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":328.72,"endTime":331.42,"body":"scary. It can totally keep you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":328.72,"endTime":331.42,"body":"up at night. But it's it's one"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":331.42,"endTime":333.7,"body":"of the more interesting parts of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":331.42,"endTime":333.7,"body":"my job."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":335.26,"endTime":339.43,"body":"Is the fault tree"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":335.26,"endTime":339.43,"body":"more or less an FMEA?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":339.88,"endTime":342.07,"body":"Ah, so yeah, I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":339.88,"endTime":342.07,"body":"glad you asked that question. So"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":342.1,"endTime":345.85,"body":"for people who don't understand"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":342.1,"endTime":345.85,"body":"what an FMEA is, but we think of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":345.85,"endTime":349.48,"body":"it as the failure modes, oh,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":345.85,"endTime":349.48,"body":"wow, failure mode effects"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":349.48,"endTime":352.84,"body":"analysis, I can't remember that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":349.48,"endTime":352.84,"body":"phrase right now. But that is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":352.84,"endTime":355.66,"body":"more of a bottoms up thing, the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":352.84,"endTime":355.66,"body":"fault tree is top down, think of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":355.66,"endTime":358.81,"body":"what you need to work and then"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":355.66,"endTime":358.81,"body":"start drilling down to the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":358.81,"endTime":362.83,"body":"different levels of branches,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":358.81,"endTime":362.83,"body":"the more of what happens if this"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":363.04,"endTime":365.59,"body":"inside a component, this"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":363.04,"endTime":365.59,"body":"resistor fails, this capacitor"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":365.59,"endTime":368.32,"body":"fails this right, and then you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":365.59,"endTime":368.32,"body":"figure out what it does to the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":368.32,"endTime":371.26,"body":"output of that component and how"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":368.32,"endTime":371.26,"body":"it impacts the system. And so we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":371.26,"endTime":374.23,"body":"have to look at all the funny"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":371.26,"endTime":374.23,"body":"guys as well, and then figure"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":374.23,"endTime":377.68,"body":"out whether we have got than"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":374.23,"endTime":377.68,"body":"joining together from the top"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":377.68,"endTime":380.26,"body":"down and the bottoms up and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":377.68,"endTime":380.26,"body":"didn't miss anything that we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":380.26,"endTime":382.6,"body":"should be taking care of at the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":380.26,"endTime":382.6,"body":"system level."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":383.23,"endTime":385.93,"body":"Got it. So your"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":383.23,"endTime":385.93,"body":"teams will look at both, then."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":385.96,"endTime":387.13,"body":"That's correct,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":385.96,"endTime":387.13,"body":"yes."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":387.46,"endTime":389.86,"body":"Okay, and then"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":387.46,"endTime":389.86,"body":"figure out if they match up. And"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":389.86,"endTime":393.25,"body":"if there's a disjointed section"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":389.86,"endTime":393.25,"body":"somewhere, you figure out well,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":393.25,"endTime":396.49,"body":"how do we make sure that it"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":393.25,"endTime":396.49,"body":"doesn't stay this bounded like"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":396.49,"endTime":398.44,"body":"that, and we actually mitigate"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":396.49,"endTime":398.44,"body":"the wrapping."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":398.44,"endTime":399.67,"body":"That's a good way"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":398.44,"endTime":399.67,"body":"to make sure that we're not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":399.67,"endTime":400.87,"body":"dropping something through the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":399.67,"endTime":400.87,"body":"cracks."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":401.8,"endTime":404.62,"body":"Okay. Also, before"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":401.8,"endTime":404.62,"body":"I go on, I should say,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":405.31,"endTime":409.09,"body":"congratulations, in general, on"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":405.31,"endTime":409.09,"body":"the perseverance mission, I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":409.09,"endTime":411.07,"body":"don't know if you were directly"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":409.09,"endTime":411.07,"body":"involved with that one. But just"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":411.07,"endTime":414.61,"body":"as a part of the NASA"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":411.07,"endTime":414.61,"body":"organization, what a tremendous"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":414.64,"endTime":415.45,"body":"success."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":415.51,"endTime":417.4,"body":"Thank you very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":415.51,"endTime":417.4,"body":"much. I appreciate that. Yeah, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":417.4,"endTime":420.46,"body":"personally did not work on the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":417.4,"endTime":420.46,"body":"Rovers. However, way back in my"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":420.46,"endTime":422.98,"body":"career, I did work on the Mars"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":420.46,"endTime":422.98,"body":"Reconnaissance Orbiter for about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":422.98,"endTime":425.86,"body":"six years. And if you were"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":422.98,"endTime":425.86,"body":"watching the coverage, you might"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":425.89,"endTime":429.25,"body":"have remembered hearing Mr. O"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":425.89,"endTime":429.25,"body":"mentioned as one of the orbiters"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":429.25,"endTime":433.0,"body":"that was being a really asset,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":429.25,"endTime":433.0,"body":"as it was as as the rover gets"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":433.0,"endTime":436.3,"body":"down on the ground. And MRO Is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":433.0,"endTime":436.3,"body":"there a high resolution camera"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":436.39,"endTime":439.9,"body":"to take a picture of the rover"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":436.39,"endTime":439.9,"body":"on its parachute as it was going"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":439.9,"endTime":442.96,"body":"in, which is pretty amazing to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":439.9,"endTime":442.96,"body":"me, that we can still do that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":442.96,"endTime":447.31,"body":"kind of thing. So way back in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":442.96,"endTime":447.31,"body":"the past, I had fingerprints on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":447.31,"endTime":448.18,"body":"an orbiter that helps."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":449.29,"endTime":451.27,"body":"That's right."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":449.29,"endTime":451.27,"body":"Well, on the shoulders of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":451.27,"endTime":456.28,"body":"giants, right? That's right."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":451.27,"endTime":456.28,"body":"Very cool. You you were also"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":456.28,"endTime":461.32,"body":"part of the Kepler Project,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":456.28,"endTime":461.32,"body":"which was the mission to to hunt"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":461.32,"endTime":464.68,"body":"for Earth, like planets orbiting"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":461.32,"endTime":464.68,"body":"other stars in our Milky Way"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":464.68,"endTime":468.91,"body":"Galaxy. But I guess if first of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":464.68,"endTime":468.91,"body":"all, were any found, and then"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":468.97,"endTime":472.69,"body":"how would NASA know that an"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":468.97,"endTime":472.69,"body":"earth like planet was found? In"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":472.69,"endTime":475.39,"body":"other words, what are the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":472.69,"endTime":475.39,"body":"parameters that you look for?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":475.39,"endTime":477.79,"body":"And how are they detected by"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":475.39,"endTime":477.79,"body":"your instruments?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":478.11,"endTime":480.72,"body":"Yeah, so I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":478.11,"endTime":480.72,"body":"Kepler. For those of you folks"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":480.72,"endTime":482.88,"body":"out in the audience audience who"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":480.72,"endTime":482.88,"body":"have not heard of the Kepler"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":482.88,"endTime":485.91,"body":"mission, please do yourself a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":482.88,"endTime":485.91,"body":"favor and go look up what it has"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":485.91,"endTime":488.64,"body":"discovered, because it just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":485.91,"endTime":488.64,"body":"really revolutionized our"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":488.64,"endTime":492.51,"body":"understanding of how common"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":488.64,"endTime":492.51,"body":"planets are in our galaxy. So"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":492.51,"endTime":495.15,"body":"you can think about it this way."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":492.51,"endTime":495.15,"body":"There are lots of ways that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":495.15,"endTime":498.48,"body":"people had in the past since"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":495.15,"endTime":498.48,"body":"like the late 80s, early 90s, to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":498.48,"endTime":501.84,"body":"be able to find exoplanets with"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":498.48,"endTime":501.84,"body":"our planets orbiting other"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":501.84,"endTime":507.45,"body":"stars. And some of the ways kind"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":501.84,"endTime":507.45,"body":"of make it easier to find super"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":507.45,"endTime":509.73,"body":"big planets that are really"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":507.45,"endTime":509.73,"body":"close to their star. If you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":509.73,"endTime":513.3,"body":"think there's this like Doppler"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":509.73,"endTime":513.3,"body":"Effect you can get if you see"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":513.3,"endTime":516.63,"body":"us, if you're looking at a star,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":513.3,"endTime":516.63,"body":"and there's a really massive"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":516.63,"endTime":520.23,"body":"planets orbiting it, that planet"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":516.63,"endTime":520.23,"body":"is tugging on the star and makes"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":520.26,"endTime":524.1,"body":"a wobble and the stars position"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":520.26,"endTime":524.1,"body":"relative to the earth. And you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":524.1,"endTime":527.97,"body":"can detect that and use that in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":524.1,"endTime":527.97,"body":"order to learn some things about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":527.97,"endTime":530.25,"body":"the planet. But as you can"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":527.97,"endTime":530.25,"body":"imagine, like stars are whopping"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":530.25,"endTime":534.09,"body":"big, pretty bad the planet"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":530.25,"endTime":534.09,"body":"really close to the planet to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":534.09,"endTime":537.21,"body":"the or to the star to be able to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":534.09,"endTime":537.21,"body":"see that not going to be Earth"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":537.21,"endTime":539.82,"body":"light not going to be habitable,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":537.21,"endTime":539.82,"body":"the thing that Kepler did, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":539.82,"endTime":541.86,"body":"there's there's lots of other"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":539.82,"endTime":541.86,"body":"methods which that would, which"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":541.86,"endTime":545.46,"body":"have their pros and cons, the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":541.86,"endTime":545.46,"body":"thing that Kepler did was to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":545.49,"endTime":549.51,"body":"look at the light coming from a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":545.49,"endTime":549.51,"body":"star measure the brightness of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":549.51,"endTime":553.02,"body":"that star, and for planets that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":549.51,"endTime":553.02,"body":"are aligned, right, so they're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":553.02,"endTime":555.18,"body":"kind of think of a hula hoop"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":553.02,"endTime":555.18,"body":"going around the star with us"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":555.18,"endTime":558.36,"body":"looking at the hula hoop edge on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":555.18,"endTime":558.36,"body":"and the planets are passing"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":558.36,"endTime":561.87,"body":"between the star and the sun,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":558.36,"endTime":561.87,"body":"then it's like a little dot that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":561.87,"endTime":564.9,"body":"blocks sunlight coming from that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":561.87,"endTime":564.9,"body":"star. And if you have a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":564.9,"endTime":568.35,"body":"sensitive enough way to measure"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":564.9,"endTime":568.35,"body":"the light coming from the star,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":568.44,"endTime":571.2,"body":"you can test the depth and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":568.44,"endTime":571.2,"body":"brightness as the planet goes"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":571.2,"endTime":575.04,"body":"by. And using combining follow"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":571.2,"endTime":575.04,"body":"up observations from the ground."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":575.16,"endTime":577.98,"body":"You can use those things to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":575.16,"endTime":577.98,"body":"determine how big the planet is,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":578.01,"endTime":581.49,"body":"how close it is to its star,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":578.01,"endTime":581.49,"body":"what its orbit is. And so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":581.49,"endTime":584.76,"body":"scientists can figure out the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":581.49,"endTime":584.76,"body":"habitable zone around a star"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":584.88,"endTime":587.55,"body":"which is not too close so that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":584.88,"endTime":587.55,"body":"you won't be burned to a crisp"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":587.55,"endTime":590.34,"body":"like Mercury not too far away so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":587.55,"endTime":590.34,"body":"that you won't be frozen like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":590.34,"endTime":594.39,"body":"Pluto, but in the right distance"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":590.34,"endTime":594.39,"body":"so that if you had an atmosphere"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":594.39,"endTime":598.2,"body":"and if you had water, it could"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":594.39,"endTime":598.2,"body":"be liquid on the surface. So"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":598.2,"endTime":600.57,"body":"that's that's the thing that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":598.2,"endTime":600.57,"body":"we're looking for. The thing"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":600.57,"endTime":603.54,"body":"that's important about the size"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":600.57,"endTime":603.54,"body":"is that if you're too small,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":603.69,"endTime":608.19,"body":"like Mercury, you can't hold on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":603.69,"endTime":608.19,"body":"to enough of an atmosphere,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":608.25,"endTime":611.4,"body":"because like the hydrogen and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":608.25,"endTime":611.4,"body":"oxygen, those things will leak"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":611.43,"endTime":614.61,"body":"out. But if you're too big,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":611.43,"endTime":614.61,"body":"you'll hold on too much of that."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":614.61,"endTime":617.67,"body":"And you turn into a gas giant"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":614.61,"endTime":617.67,"body":"like Jupiter like Saturn, which"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":617.67,"endTime":620.16,"body":"has way too dense of an"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":617.67,"endTime":620.16,"body":"atmosphere and not not really"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":620.16,"endTime":623.4,"body":"much ground down there in order"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":620.16,"endTime":623.4,"body":"to be able to harbor life. But"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":623.4,"endTime":627.18,"body":"if you're the right size, then"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":623.4,"endTime":627.18,"body":"you have enough gravity, maybe"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":627.18,"endTime":629.13,"body":"if you if you're still molten"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":627.18,"endTime":629.13,"body":"inside, you can develop a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":629.13,"endTime":631.44,"body":"magnetic field hold on to an"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":629.13,"endTime":631.44,"body":"atmosphere, those are the things"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":631.44,"endTime":634.77,"body":"that make scientists go up, then"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":631.44,"endTime":634.77,"body":"you can find something that's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":634.77,"endTime":638.31,"body":"been the right size and in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":634.77,"endTime":638.31,"body":"right habitable zone around"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":638.31,"endTime":641.7,"body":"their star. And so when Kepler"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":638.31,"endTime":641.7,"body":"first started, the way they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":641.7,"endTime":644.76,"body":"pointed the spacecraft, it was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":641.7,"endTime":644.76,"body":"pointed at a patch of sky in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":644.76,"endTime":648.15,"body":"constellation Cygnus the swan,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":644.76,"endTime":648.15,"body":"about the size of your palm held"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":648.15,"endTime":651.18,"body":"up against the sky, it was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":648.15,"endTime":651.18,"body":"looking at well over 100,000"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":651.18,"endTime":654.96,"body":"stars monitoring them for that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":651.18,"endTime":654.96,"body":"dip in brightness. And, and they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":654.99,"endTime":658.38,"body":"chose it so that there were"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":654.99,"endTime":658.38,"body":"three transiting planets who"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":658.38,"endTime":660.63,"body":"call it that are lined up right"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":658.38,"endTime":660.63,"body":"that we could see them pass in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":660.63,"endTime":663.87,"body":"front of the star. And so but"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":660.63,"endTime":663.87,"body":"they were like really big,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":663.87,"endTime":666.39,"body":"really close to those stars with"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":663.87,"endTime":666.39,"body":"that orbit period of like a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":666.39,"endTime":669.39,"body":"couple of days, right with their"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":666.39,"endTime":669.39,"body":"year with a couple of days long."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":669.6,"endTime":671.49,"body":"And so those popped right out of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":669.6,"endTime":671.49,"body":"the data, we do that the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":671.49,"endTime":674.01,"body":"instrument was working super"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":671.49,"endTime":674.01,"body":"exciting. And then you just have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":674.01,"endTime":677.58,"body":"to watch for months and months"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":674.01,"endTime":677.58,"body":"and months. And over time. That"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":677.58,"endTime":680.07,"body":"mission was in its primary"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":677.58,"endTime":680.07,"body":"mission for about four years,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":680.07,"endTime":683.28,"body":"they built up this huge data set"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":680.07,"endTime":683.28,"body":"and literally have discovered"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":683.46,"endTime":687.0,"body":"hundreds of planets like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":683.46,"endTime":687.0,"body":"hundreds and I think."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":687.0,"endTime":687.66,"body":"Really?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":687.69,"endTime":689.79,"body":"Get the number of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":687.69,"endTime":689.79,"body":"planets that are in the data"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":689.79,"endTime":693.93,"body":"set. It's somewhere around 4700"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":689.79,"endTime":693.93,"body":"or so I haven't looked in a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":693.93,"endTime":696.75,"body":"while. And the number of planets"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":693.93,"endTime":696.75,"body":"that have been confirmed by"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":696.75,"endTime":700.38,"body":"follow up observations is well"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":696.75,"endTime":700.38,"body":"over 2000. And there's a certain"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":700.41,"endTime":704.16,"body":"smaller number that is like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":700.41,"endTime":704.16,"body":"Earth size, and in the habitable"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":704.16,"endTime":706.68,"body":"zone, which is more than you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":704.16,"endTime":706.68,"body":"might think. I'm gonna say a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":706.68,"endTime":708.84,"body":"number. But again, I haven't"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":706.68,"endTime":708.84,"body":"looked in a long time, I think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":708.84,"endTime":711.84,"body":"it might be in that 50 range."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":708.84,"endTime":711.84,"body":"But go take a look. There's all"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":711.84,"endTime":715.5,"body":"sorts of information online,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":711.84,"endTime":715.5,"body":"which is just fantastic. And the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":715.5,"endTime":718.44,"body":"thing about the Kepler data too,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":715.5,"endTime":718.44,"body":"they did some other things. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":718.44,"endTime":721.08,"body":"their secondary mission was they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":718.44,"endTime":721.08,"body":"lost a couple of reaction wheels"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":721.08,"endTime":726.12,"body":"and needed to point in a more"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":721.08,"endTime":726.12,"body":"and less challenging away at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":726.12,"endTime":729.12,"body":"different parts of the sky. But"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":726.12,"endTime":729.12,"body":"for the primary mission, the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":729.12,"endTime":731.73,"body":"number of planets that were"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":729.12,"endTime":731.73,"body":"found just in that small patch"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":731.73,"endTime":734.7,"body":"of sky, if you extrapolate that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":731.73,"endTime":734.7,"body":"across the whole Milky Way"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":734.7,"endTime":739.23,"body":"Galaxy, the scientists have said"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":734.7,"endTime":739.23,"body":"that, on average, not every star"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":739.26,"endTime":742.92,"body":"has a planet. But on average,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":739.26,"endTime":742.92,"body":"there's one for every star, some"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":742.92,"endTime":747.18,"body":"stars have none. Some stars have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":742.92,"endTime":747.18,"body":"six, some stars have more. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":747.87,"endTime":750.42,"body":"if you like just multiply that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":747.87,"endTime":750.42,"body":"out by the number of stars that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":750.42,"endTime":752.82,"body":"are in our Milky Way Galaxy,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":750.42,"endTime":752.82,"body":"there's probably something like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":752.85,"endTime":758.07,"body":"well over 100 billion with ad"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":752.85,"endTime":758.07,"body":"planets in our galaxy, like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":758.1,"endTime":759.81,"body":"anywhere you look in this guy's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":758.1,"endTime":759.81,"body":"shirt"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":759.81,"endTime":762.54,"body":"With 100 billion"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":759.81,"endTime":762.54,"body":"planets, or 100 billion"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":762.54,"endTime":764.82,"body":"potentially habitable planet."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":764.85,"endTime":767.73,"body":"Planet in general."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":764.85,"endTime":767.73,"body":"The last time I read many years"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":767.73,"endTime":770.19,"body":"ago, when they were talking"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":767.73,"endTime":770.19,"body":"about potentially Earth size"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":770.34,"endTime":773.52,"body":"stars that are sorry, Earth"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":770.34,"endTime":773.52,"body":"sized planets that are in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":773.52,"endTime":776.16,"body":"habitable zone, it was something"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":773.52,"endTime":776.16,"body":"more around that, you know,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":776.16,"endTime":778.53,"body":"single digit nouvion number but"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":776.16,"endTime":778.53,"body":"still like"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":778.56,"endTime":782.04,"body":"Wow, it's still"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":778.56,"endTime":782.04,"body":"staggering."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":782.52,"endTime":784.5,"body":"Digit billion, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":782.52,"endTime":784.5,"body":"don't remember it was a large"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":784.5,"endTime":787.44,"body":"number. It's a lot anyway, about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":784.5,"endTime":787.44,"body":"revolutionising our"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":787.44,"endTime":790.02,"body":"understanding of how common"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":787.44,"endTime":790.02,"body":"planets are in the..."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":790.41,"endTime":791.28,"body":"Fascinating"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":791.28,"endTime":792.36,"body":"Shot bananas."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":792.72,"endTime":795.72,"body":"So by measuring"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":792.72,"endTime":795.72,"body":"the light, you can determine"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":795.72,"endTime":800.13,"body":"approximately how big the planet"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":795.72,"endTime":800.13,"body":"is. And it's it's relative"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":800.13,"endTime":803.43,"body":"position with regard to its"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":800.13,"endTime":803.43,"body":"star. Is that right?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":803.46,"endTime":805.14,"body":"A few things you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":803.46,"endTime":805.14,"body":"had to put together like the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":805.14,"endTime":809.04,"body":"scientists had done some studies"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":805.14,"endTime":809.04,"body":"of the stars, and so they know"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":809.04,"endTime":812.37,"body":"roughly the size of the stars."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":809.04,"endTime":812.37,"body":"And then when you look at the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":812.37,"endTime":815.55,"body":"dip in brightness that gives you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":812.37,"endTime":815.55,"body":"like, you know, you put a tiny"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":815.55,"endTime":818.34,"body":"area over a bigger area, you can"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":815.55,"endTime":818.34,"body":"kind of calculate the size of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":818.34,"endTime":821.28,"body":"the planet that way. And then"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":818.34,"endTime":821.28,"body":"there were some other things"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":821.28,"endTime":823.98,"body":"they did me engineering, not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":821.28,"endTime":823.98,"body":"scientists, they could do that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":823.98,"endTime":827.28,"body":"to figure out the density of the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":823.98,"endTime":827.28,"body":"planets. And I think in order to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":827.28,"endTime":831.75,"body":"determine that the how close"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":827.28,"endTime":831.75,"body":"they are to the star, they had"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":831.75,"endTime":833.97,"body":"to combine that with follow up"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":831.75,"endTime":833.97,"body":"survey there's there's things"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":833.97,"endTime":838.08,"body":"they had to do Kepler to figure"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":833.97,"endTime":838.08,"body":"out the whole set of things that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":838.08,"endTime":840.57,"body":"they understand about the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":838.08,"endTime":840.57,"body":"planets now what they can't do."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":840.78,"endTime":843.54,"body":"And what I am personally excited"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":840.78,"endTime":843.54,"body":"to see a mission common leader"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":843.63,"endTime":847.68,"body":"is actually determine what's the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":843.63,"endTime":847.68,"body":"planet, but have direct evidence"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":847.68,"endTime":850.62,"body":"of what the planet is made of."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":847.68,"endTime":850.62,"body":"And so if you take a planet that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":850.62,"endTime":853.56,"body":"has an atmosphere, and then you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":850.62,"endTime":853.56,"body":"shove it in front of it star,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":853.65,"endTime":856.83,"body":"the light from the star comes"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":853.65,"endTime":856.83,"body":"through the atmosphere. And if"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":856.83,"endTime":860.88,"body":"you can subtract the spectrum of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":856.83,"endTime":860.88,"body":"the star from what you get when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":860.88,"endTime":863.37,"body":"the planets in front of the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":860.88,"endTime":863.37,"body":"star, then you can get a sense"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":863.37,"endTime":866.52,"body":"of what the atmosphere is made"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":863.37,"endTime":866.52,"body":"of, oh my god. Interesting. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":866.52,"endTime":869.76,"body":"I know that there are proposals"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":866.52,"endTime":869.76,"body":"for missions to be able to do"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":869.79,"endTime":872.61,"body":"that kind of thing. And like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":869.79,"endTime":872.61,"body":"people lose their minds when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":872.61,"endTime":875.79,"body":"we're first able to actually get"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":872.61,"endTime":875.79,"body":"a sense of atmospheres of any of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":875.79,"endTime":877.17,"body":"the planets that we now know are"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":875.79,"endTime":877.17,"body":"out there."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":877.83,"endTime":880.59,"body":"With today's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":877.83,"endTime":880.59,"body":"technology. Can you also tell if"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":880.59,"endTime":882.48,"body":"there is water added atmosphere?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":883.14,"endTime":885.6,"body":"That I don't know,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":883.14,"endTime":885.6,"body":"I do not know the answer to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":885.6,"endTime":887.94,"body":"that. I personally would be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":885.6,"endTime":887.94,"body":"surprised but then me not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":887.94,"endTime":889.83,"body":"scientists. So I don't know all"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":887.94,"endTime":889.83,"body":"the details of what they can do"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":889.83,"endTime":892.41,"body":"with instrumentation. I think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":889.83,"endTime":892.41,"body":"that you're able to tell if"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":892.41,"endTime":896.13,"body":"there was a signature of water"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":892.41,"endTime":896.13,"body":"vapor in the atmosphere. But as"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":896.13,"endTime":898.26,"body":"far as whether there's liquid"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":896.13,"endTime":898.26,"body":"water on the surface I got"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":899.14,"endTime":901.69,"body":"Yeah, yeah. How"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":899.14,"endTime":901.69,"body":"long would it take with you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":901.69,"endTime":906.19,"body":"know, current technology for us"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":901.69,"endTime":906.19,"body":"to reach one of these planets?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":906.19,"endTime":909.16,"body":"This isn't like a million years."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":906.19,"endTime":909.16,"body":"years? Well."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":909.15,"endTime":912.12,"body":"Yeah, it's a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":909.15,"endTime":912.12,"body":"naseously big number. And so the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":912.12,"endTime":917.22,"body":"way I think about it is this,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":912.12,"endTime":917.22,"body":"the yes, there are ways that we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":917.22,"endTime":920.25,"body":"know of that could theoretically"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":917.22,"endTime":920.25,"body":"get spacecraft to go faster. But"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":920.25,"endTime":922.23,"body":"the one I like to think about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":920.25,"endTime":922.23,"body":"that people are somewhat"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":922.23,"endTime":925.29,"body":"familiar with is the Voyager"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":922.23,"endTime":925.29,"body":"Spacecraft, which is traveling,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":922.74,"endTime":967.26,"body":"Is there any"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":922.74,"endTime":967.26,"body":"bleeding edge research out there"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":925.41,"endTime":927.66,"body":"there's two of them right"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":925.41,"endTime":927.66,"body":"heading out how the solar system"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":927.66,"endTime":931.02,"body":"that are traveling at something"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":927.66,"endTime":931.02,"body":"like 35,000 miles an hour, and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":931.02,"endTime":935.07,"body":"if you if you can point those in"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":931.02,"endTime":935.07,"body":"the right direction to meet up"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":935.07,"endTime":938.49,"body":"with the closest star to us,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":935.07,"endTime":938.49,"body":"which is four light years away,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":938.64,"endTime":945.54,"body":"it would take a little under"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":938.64,"endTime":945.54,"body":"80,000 years. And most of the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":945.54,"endTime":947.67,"body":"planets that Kepler is found, at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":945.54,"endTime":947.67,"body":"least when I was looking at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":947.67,"endTime":952.89,"body":"their data many years ago, were"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":947.67,"endTime":952.89,"body":"in, you know, 200 to 2000 light"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":952.89,"endTime":955.86,"body":"years away. So I'm not exactly"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":952.89,"endTime":955.86,"body":"next door neighbor's. I know"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":955.86,"endTime":957.9,"body":"that there's a more recent"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":955.86,"endTime":957.9,"body":"mission that has been launched"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":957.9,"endTime":961.26,"body":"that is looking for much closer"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":957.9,"endTime":961.26,"body":"planets, but still it's yeah,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":961.29,"endTime":962.4,"body":"it's frighte"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":967.29,"endTime":971.91,"body":"with that theorizes in the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":967.29,"endTime":971.91,"body":"future? how we might be able to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":973.02,"endTime":976.65,"body":"get our spacecraft going much,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":973.02,"endTime":976.65,"body":"much, much faster? Are there not"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":976.65,"endTime":979.56,"body":"even any theories at this point?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":976.65,"endTime":979.56,"body":"It's just so far beyond us"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":979.56,"endTime":980.04,"body":"still?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":980.13,"endTime":982.95,"body":"Yeah. So I think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":980.13,"endTime":982.95,"body":"you put enough maybe minds and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":982.95,"endTime":989.64,"body":"theories and disclaimers? Yeah."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":982.95,"endTime":989.64,"body":"But outside my field, and I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":989.64,"endTime":992.34,"body":"haven't gone to read extensively"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":989.64,"endTime":992.34,"body":"to be comfortable telling you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":992.34,"endTime":994.89,"body":"something that would be like,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":992.34,"endTime":994.89,"body":"Oh, look at this guy's yeah. Now"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":994.89,"endTime":995.37,"body":"Fair enough."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":995.61,"endTime":997.8,"body":"Yeah, I got, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":995.61,"endTime":997.8,"body":"would like to think so. Right?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":997.8,"endTime":1000.74,"body":"Like, I got my interest in space"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":997.8,"endTime":1000.74,"body":"by watching science fiction. So"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1000.74,"endTime":1002.18,"body":"please, somebody make that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1000.74,"endTime":1002.18,"body":"happen?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1002.99,"endTime":1005.81,"body":"Absolutely. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1002.99,"endTime":1005.81,"body":"Okay, for this next question. I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1005.81,"endTime":1008.33,"body":"want to make it real clear that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1005.81,"endTime":1008.33,"body":"I'm not suggesting we shouldn't"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1008.33,"endTime":1012.59,"body":"be doing this. But how does"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1008.33,"endTime":1012.59,"body":"space exploration help the human"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1012.59,"endTime":1015.62,"body":"race? You know, like, why are we"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1012.59,"endTime":1015.62,"body":"doing this? Why? Why explore"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1015.62,"endTime":1019.82,"body":"deep space? Why explore Mars? Is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1015.62,"endTime":1019.82,"body":"there a singular goal that we"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1019.82,"endTime":1023.63,"body":"have? Yeah, I just, I would love"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1019.82,"endTime":1023.63,"body":"to hear your thoughts on that."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1023.66,"endTime":1025.37,"body":"Yeah. So I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1023.66,"endTime":1025.37,"body":"personally have two different"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1025.37,"endTime":1029.84,"body":"opinions, right. I'm a person"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1025.37,"endTime":1029.84,"body":"who really resonates with that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1029.84,"endTime":1034.22,"body":"inner human curiosity to just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1029.84,"endTime":1034.22,"body":"know about things, right? When"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1034.22,"endTime":1037.61,"body":"you look at little kids running"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1034.22,"endTime":1037.61,"body":"around discovering things, that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1037.61,"endTime":1040.37,"body":"there's there's something about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1037.61,"endTime":1040.37,"body":"learning anything, understanding"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1040.37,"endTime":1043.73,"body":"how something works, that feels"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1040.37,"endTime":1043.73,"body":"intrinsically worthwhile, just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1043.73,"endTime":1047.36,"body":"for its own sake, even if it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1043.73,"endTime":1047.36,"body":"isn't gonna show a specific"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1047.36,"endTime":1050.6,"body":"benefit to you being able to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1047.36,"endTime":1050.6,"body":"find food or shelter or any of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1050.6,"endTime":1054.98,"body":"those things. And so there's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1050.6,"endTime":1054.98,"body":"that intellectual just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1055.01,"endTime":1058.04,"body":"scratching that itch of knowing,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1055.01,"endTime":1058.04,"body":"right? That's not very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1058.04,"endTime":1060.86,"body":"satisfactory. For some people."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1058.04,"endTime":1060.86,"body":"It is for me, but not for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1060.86,"endTime":1063.59,"body":"everybody. So the one that I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1060.86,"endTime":1063.59,"body":"find to be a little more"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1063.59,"endTime":1067.37,"body":"practical, is that we live on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1063.59,"endTime":1067.37,"body":"this planet, we just talked"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1067.37,"endTime":1069.89,"body":"about how far it is to get to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1067.37,"endTime":1069.89,"body":"some of the other places that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1069.89,"endTime":1073.43,"body":"might potentially be habitable."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1069.89,"endTime":1073.43,"body":"And we have really better not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1073.43,"endTime":1077.6,"body":"trashing it, it's gonna be hard"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1073.43,"endTime":1077.6,"body":"for us to go, you know, pull up"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1077.6,"endTime":1081.23,"body":"stakes and move somewhere else."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1077.6,"endTime":1081.23,"body":"And so it's very difficult to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1081.23,"endTime":1084.86,"body":"understand a complex system,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1081.23,"endTime":1084.86,"body":"like our planet and its climate,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1084.95,"endTime":1087.98,"body":"when you only have this one"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1084.95,"endTime":1087.98,"body":"system to look at. And I think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1087.98,"endTime":1090.65,"body":"about scientists examining"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1087.98,"endTime":1090.65,"body":"places like Venus where there's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1090.65,"endTime":1093.47,"body":"been this runaway Greenhouse"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1090.65,"endTime":1093.47,"body":"Effect, and then studying places"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1093.47,"endTime":1096.56,"body":"like Mars, which we think might"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1093.47,"endTime":1096.56,"body":"have been much warmer, much"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1096.56,"endTime":1099.2,"body":"wetter, and it's passed, but"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1096.56,"endTime":1099.2,"body":"it's atmospheric stuff. And now"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1099.2,"endTime":1101.54,"body":"it's kind of, you know, you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1099.2,"endTime":1101.54,"body":"don't want to build a summer"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1101.54,"endTime":1103.67,"body":"home there, we want to go Okay,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1101.54,"endTime":1103.67,"body":"that looks cool. But it'd be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1103.67,"endTime":1106.79,"body":"really hard to live on. And so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1103.67,"endTime":1106.79,"body":"when you study those places, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1106.79,"endTime":1111.53,"body":"you're able to refine your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1106.79,"endTime":1111.53,"body":"theories of how planets develop"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1111.53,"endTime":1114.14,"body":"and evolve, and what impacts the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1111.53,"endTime":1114.14,"body":"different things that are going"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1114.14,"endTime":1118.25,"body":"on, have on their climate, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1114.14,"endTime":1118.25,"body":"makes you much more likely to be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1118.25,"endTime":1121.19,"body":"better able to understand the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1118.25,"endTime":1121.19,"body":"earth. So in my opinion, that's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1121.19,"endTime":1124.01,"body":"one of the big drivers to study"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1121.19,"endTime":1124.01,"body":"things in space. That helps us"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1124.01,"endTime":1125.36,"body":"take care of our home a bit"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1124.01,"endTime":1125.36,"body":"better."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1169.65,"endTime":1171.51,"body":"Great answer. I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1169.65,"endTime":1171.51,"body":"hadn't heard that one before."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1171.51,"endTime":1175.05,"body":"very insightful. Speaking of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1171.51,"endTime":1175.05,"body":"Mars, do you think it's it's is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1175.05,"endTime":1178.02,"body":"it practical to expect it within"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1175.05,"endTime":1178.02,"body":"the next, I don't know. 50"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1178.02,"endTime":1181.0800000000002,"body":"years, 100 years that we could"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1178.02,"endTime":1181.0800000000002,"body":"terraform Mars and people will"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1181.0800000000002,"endTime":1182.5800000000002,"body":"start colonizing and living"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1181.0800000000002,"endTime":1182.5800000000002,"body":"there"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1182.91,"endTime":1184.89,"body":"Would not that be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1182.91,"endTime":1184.89,"body":"cool. I really love what is it?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1184.92,"endTime":1188.8200000000002,"body":"Kim Stanley Robinson's blue"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1184.92,"endTime":1188.8200000000002,"body":"Mars, read about red Mars, green"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1188.8200000000002,"endTime":1193.05,"body":"Mars, blue Mars, but all those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1188.8200000000002,"endTime":1193.05,"body":"are so so good. So I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1193.0800000000002,"endTime":1197.97,"body":"speculating right? As a person"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1193.0800000000002,"endTime":1197.97,"body":"who loves fish, I'm sure that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1198.15,"endTime":1201.6000000000001,"body":"there are theories that make"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1198.15,"endTime":1201.6000000000001,"body":"sense to me personally. But when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1201.6000000000001,"endTime":1204.78,"body":"we talk about short timescales,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1201.6000000000001,"endTime":1204.78,"body":"that's when it starts to fail."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1204.78,"endTime":1208.5900000000001,"body":"My last test, right, B, and I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1204.78,"endTime":1208.5900000000001,"body":"think about it this way. There"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1208.5900000000001,"endTime":1212.73,"body":"are there are scientists and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1208.5900000000001,"endTime":1212.73,"body":"adventurers who do like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1212.76,"endTime":1215.88,"body":"exploratory trips to places that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1212.76,"endTime":1215.88,"body":"are very inhospitable on the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1215.91,"endTime":1219.8400000000001,"body":"earth, like the Gobi Desert,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1215.91,"endTime":1219.8400000000001,"body":"like the Himalayas, right places"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1219.8400000000001,"endTime":1222.6000000000001,"body":"where you don't need a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1219.8400000000001,"endTime":1222.6000000000001,"body":"spacesuit, but it is very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1222.6000000000001,"endTime":1225.21,"body":"difficult to get there. It's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1222.6000000000001,"endTime":1225.21,"body":"very difficult to survive. It's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1225.21,"endTime":1228.1200000000001,"body":"difficult to grow food and have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1225.21,"endTime":1228.1200000000001,"body":"water and all those things. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1228.1200000000001,"endTime":1230.8500000000001,"body":"when we think about it, if you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1228.1200000000001,"endTime":1230.8500000000001,"body":"ask somebody, do you think we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1230.8500000000001,"endTime":1234.9,"body":"can go set up a sustainable"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1230.8500000000001,"endTime":1234.9,"body":"colony in the Gobi Desert or at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1234.9,"endTime":1238.23,"body":"the top of Mount Himalaya and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1234.9,"endTime":1238.23,"body":"the next however many years, you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1238.23,"endTime":1242.6100000000001,"body":"think we'll probably have a well"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1238.23,"endTime":1242.6100000000001,"body":"that'd be hard right? This"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1243.81,"endTime":1246.24,"body":"understand the complexities. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1243.81,"endTime":1246.24,"body":"then when you think about a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1246.24,"endTime":1249.8400000000001,"body":"place like Mars, it's even"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1246.24,"endTime":1249.8400000000001,"body":"harder to get up there. It's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1249.8400000000001,"endTime":1252.15,"body":"even harder to grow. Like, you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1249.8400000000001,"endTime":1252.15,"body":"need a space if you need air,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1252.15,"endTime":1254.49,"body":"and you need all of these"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1252.15,"endTime":1254.49,"body":"things. And so when I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1254.49,"endTime":1256.5900000000001,"body":"personally, again, this is the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1254.49,"endTime":1256.5900000000001,"body":"opinion of Tracy during the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1256.5900000000001,"endTime":1260.55,"body":"night, NASA think about short"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1256.5900000000001,"endTime":1260.55,"body":"timescales, it seems difficult."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1260.5800000000002,"endTime":1263.19,"body":"And also growing up, I heard,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1260.5800000000002,"endTime":1263.19,"body":"you know, we're gonna have a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1263.19,"endTime":1268.8,"body":"sustainable outpost on Mars by"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1263.19,"endTime":1268.8,"body":"2000. But if you push the scales"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1268.8,"endTime":1271.5,"body":"a bit more, what about 100"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1268.8,"endTime":1271.5,"body":"years? What about 500? years?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1271.5,"endTime":1274.02,"body":"What about 1000 years? Well,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1271.5,"endTime":1274.02,"body":"wow, then all sorts of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1274.02,"endTime":1276.96,"body":"possibilities open up. And I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1274.02,"endTime":1276.96,"body":"tend to think of the kind of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1276.96,"endTime":1279.9,"body":"work that we're doing in space"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1276.96,"endTime":1279.9,"body":"exploration now as necessary"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1279.9,"endTime":1282.93,"body":"baby steps, if we're ever going"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1279.9,"endTime":1282.93,"body":"to get to those kinds of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1282.96,"endTime":1288.0,"body":"situations in the future. So I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1282.96,"endTime":1288.0,"body":"say, in general, yes. But be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1288.0,"endTime":1288.45,"body":"careful."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1290.1000000000001,"endTime":1293.43,"body":"Yeah, what do they"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1290.1000000000001,"endTime":1293.43,"body":"say that mankind typically"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1294.72,"endTime":1297.06,"body":"overestimates what we can"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1294.72,"endTime":1297.06,"body":"accomplish in the short term,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1297.06,"endTime":1299.79,"body":"but underestimates what we can"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1297.06,"endTime":1299.79,"body":"accomplish? Or what we can"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1299.8500000000001,"endTime":1301.17,"body":"accomplish in the long term?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1301.23,"endTime":1302.8200000000002,"body":"I would believe it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1301.23,"endTime":1302.8200000000002,"body":"and my husband would say that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1302.8200000000002,"endTime":1305.04,"body":"applies to me too, because"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1302.8200000000002,"endTime":1305.04,"body":"whenever he asked me, how about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1305.04,"endTime":1307.14,"body":"how much longer you gonna be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1305.04,"endTime":1307.14,"body":"working tonight? I say one hour,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1307.14,"endTime":1308.19,"body":"and then three hours later?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1310.98,"endTime":1314.1000000000001,"body":"Yeah, yeah. Yeah,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1310.98,"endTime":1314.1000000000001,"body":"that sounds like oh, this is the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1314.1000000000001,"endTime":1318.45,"body":"final design, final design three"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1314.1000000000001,"endTime":1318.45,"body":"times later. And is it the final"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1318.45,"endTime":1323.8200000000002,"body":"design? That's always the final"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1318.45,"endTime":1323.8200000000002,"body":"design? Until it's not? Alright."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1324.0,"endTime":1326.73,"body":"Well, a lot of your experience"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1324.0,"endTime":1326.73,"body":"has been with risk mitigation,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1326.73,"endTime":1330.0,"body":"which necessarily includes"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1326.73,"endTime":1330.0,"body":"verification and validation"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1330.0,"endTime":1333.0900000000001,"body":"testing. This is something that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1330.0,"endTime":1333.0900000000001,"body":"is near and dear to my heart,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1333.0900000000001,"endTime":1335.52,"body":"since the core of our business"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1333.0900000000001,"endTime":1335.52,"body":"is developing the equipment to"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1335.52,"endTime":1338.8500000000001,"body":"do this sort of testing. So"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1335.52,"endTime":1338.8500000000001,"body":"first of all, can you explain"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1338.88,"endTime":1342.9,"body":"what are verification and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1338.88,"endTime":1342.9,"body":"validation? And then can you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1342.9,"endTime":1346.0800000000002,"body":"maybe walk us through how these"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1342.9,"endTime":1346.0800000000002,"body":"activities are carried out using"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1346.38,"endTime":1349.3200000000002,"body":"an example hopefully, from from"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1346.38,"endTime":1349.3200000000002,"body":"one of your past projects?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1349.589,"endTime":1351.659,"body":"Yeah, I think about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1349.589,"endTime":1351.659,"body":"it this way, when we are going"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1351.659,"endTime":1354.509,"body":"to design a very complex system,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1351.659,"endTime":1354.509,"body":"one of the things that you have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1354.509,"endTime":1358.079,"body":"to do is set all the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1354.509,"endTime":1358.079,"body":"specifications upfront, so that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1358.079,"endTime":1360.959,"body":"when you're cutting metal or"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1358.079,"endTime":1360.959,"body":"wiring harness, you're actually"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1360.959,"endTime":1363.719,"body":"doing the right thing. So for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1360.959,"endTime":1363.719,"body":"folks who aren't familiar with"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1363.719,"endTime":1366.509,"body":"the word requirement, I think of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1363.719,"endTime":1366.509,"body":"it as rules, the design has to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1366.509,"endTime":1369.239,"body":"follow in order to eventually"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1366.509,"endTime":1369.239,"body":"meet the objectives that you're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1369.239,"endTime":1372.8690000000001,"body":"going for. And verification is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1369.239,"endTime":1372.8690000000001,"body":"when you're doing whatever"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1372.8690000000001,"endTime":1377.219,"body":"testing, analysis, inspection,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1372.8690000000001,"endTime":1377.219,"body":"all of those things to show that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1377.249,"endTime":1380.8490000000002,"body":"your final design actually"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1377.249,"endTime":1380.8490000000002,"body":"satisfies those original"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1380.8490000000002,"endTime":1384.419,"body":"requirements that you wrote. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1380.8490000000002,"endTime":1384.419,"body":"validation is near and dear to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1384.419,"endTime":1387.449,"body":"my heart, because it's okay, so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1384.419,"endTime":1387.449,"body":"we're smart, but we don't know"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1387.449,"endTime":1390.239,"body":"everything. And maybe if you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1387.449,"endTime":1390.239,"body":"think about your top level"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1390.239,"endTime":1394.499,"body":"objectives, great, perhaps you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1390.239,"endTime":1394.499,"body":"didn't design the define the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1394.499,"endTime":1397.949,"body":"requirements absolutely"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1394.499,"endTime":1397.949,"body":"perfectly, so that it will"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1397.949,"endTime":1400.949,"body":"actually do the thing that you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1397.949,"endTime":1400.949,"body":"were looking for. So validation"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1400.949,"endTime":1403.199,"body":"is kind of thinking about, so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1400.949,"endTime":1403.199,"body":"forget about the requirements,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1403.199,"endTime":1406.1090000000002,"body":"pretend you didn't write any,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1403.199,"endTime":1406.1090000000002,"body":"and think about what it is that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1406.1090000000002,"endTime":1409.259,"body":"your spacecraft or your car or"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1406.1090000000002,"endTime":1409.259,"body":"your whatever it needs to do,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1409.3790000000001,"endTime":1412.8890000000001,"body":"and then develop additional"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1409.3790000000001,"endTime":1412.8890000000001,"body":"testing, inspection, analysis,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1412.8890000000001,"endTime":1416.039,"body":"whatever, to show that your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1412.8890000000001,"endTime":1416.039,"body":"final design is actually going"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1416.039,"endTime":1419.519,"body":"to do those top level things."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1416.039,"endTime":1419.519,"body":"And if I give you an example,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1420.029,"endTime":1422.6390000000001,"body":"say, and I'll pick on their"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1420.029,"endTime":1422.6390000000001,"body":"apartment size, something very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1422.729,"endTime":1427.169,"body":"simple. Say that we said our"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1422.729,"endTime":1427.169,"body":"solar arrays need to meet a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1427.169,"endTime":1432.449,"body":"certain power generation of x,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1427.169,"endTime":1432.449,"body":"right? And so you can take the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1432.449,"endTime":1434.909,"body":"arrays, you can stick them in a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1432.449,"endTime":1434.909,"body":"chamber, you can shine fake"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1434.909,"endTime":1438.059,"body":"sunlight at them and measure the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1434.909,"endTime":1438.059,"body":"power output and say, Okay, did"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1438.059,"endTime":1440.789,"body":"I meet the requirement that I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1438.059,"endTime":1440.789,"body":"wrote or not check? But on the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1440.789,"endTime":1443.489,"body":"validation side, you're like,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1440.789,"endTime":1443.489,"body":"Okay, great. So if I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1443.489,"endTime":1446.939,"body":"generating that much power, can"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1443.489,"endTime":1446.939,"body":"I actually do all of the things"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1446.939,"endTime":1449.8790000000001,"body":"with the spacecraft that I said,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1446.939,"endTime":1449.8790000000001,"body":"I was going to do, like, we're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1449.8790000000001,"endTime":1452.729,"body":"going to put it in orbit around"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1449.8790000000001,"endTime":1452.729,"body":"Jupiter, it's going to be at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1452.729,"endTime":1454.949,"body":"this attitude with the solar"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1452.729,"endTime":1454.949,"body":"arrays away from the sun for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1454.949,"endTime":1457.709,"body":"this long or toward the sun for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1454.949,"endTime":1457.709,"body":"this long, and then you generate"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1457.769,"endTime":1461.339,"body":"an analysis that shows that a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1457.769,"endTime":1461.339,"body":"power scenario, okay, I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1461.339,"endTime":1463.589,"body":"generating this much power. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1461.339,"endTime":1463.589,"body":"now I'm on the batteries. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1463.589,"endTime":1467.069,"body":"now I'm on the solar arrays and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1463.589,"endTime":1467.069,"body":"you show going through a step by"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1467.069,"endTime":1469.319,"body":"step here, all the activities"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1467.069,"endTime":1469.319,"body":"the spacecraft are going to do,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1469.559,"endTime":1472.6490000000001,"body":"whether it all hangs together in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1469.559,"endTime":1472.6490000000001,"body":"the end, and you end up with"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1472.679,"endTime":1476.459,"body":"enough energy to do all that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1472.679,"endTime":1476.459,"body":"stuff. Or if you don't, because"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1476.6390000000001,"endTime":1478.3790000000001,"body":"it doesn't matter what you wrote"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1476.6390000000001,"endTime":1478.3790000000001,"body":"in the requirements are supposed"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1478.3790000000001,"endTime":1483.1190000000001,"body":"to generate x amps, right? That"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1478.3790000000001,"endTime":1483.1190000000001,"body":"it doesn't hold together and a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1483.1190000000001,"endTime":1485.759,"body":"full scenario with all those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1483.1190000000001,"endTime":1485.759,"body":"details, the might still have to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1485.759,"endTime":1486.929,"body":"go and make a change."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1486.69,"endTime":1490.0800000000002,"body":"Yeah, okay. Well,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1486.69,"endTime":1490.0800000000002,"body":"you're part of the Europa"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1490.0800000000002,"endTime":1493.3200000000002,"body":"Clipper Mission now, which will"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1490.0800000000002,"endTime":1493.3200000000002,"body":"conduct detailed reconnaissance"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1493.3200000000002,"endTime":1498.24,"body":"of Jupiter's moon Europa, and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1493.3200000000002,"endTime":1498.24,"body":"investigate whether the icy moon"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1498.24,"endTime":1502.29,"body":"could harbor conditions suitable"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1498.24,"endTime":1502.29,"body":"for life. Can you tell us a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1502.29,"endTime":1506.25,"body":"little bit about what what are"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1502.29,"endTime":1506.25,"body":"conditions like on Europa? I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1506.25,"endTime":1509.94,"body":"mean, is it just one big solid"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1506.25,"endTime":1509.94,"body":"ice shell around the entire"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1509.94,"endTime":1513.6000000000001,"body":"moon? How thick? Is that shell?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1509.94,"endTime":1513.6000000000001,"body":"Is there definitely an ocean"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1513.63,"endTime":1516.8400000000001,"body":"underneath? Or is that yet to be"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1513.63,"endTime":1516.8400000000001,"body":"verified? What's going on there?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1517.3490000000002,"endTime":1518.939,"body":"Hey, definitely"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1517.3490000000002,"endTime":1518.939,"body":"sound like the person who was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1518.939,"endTime":1521.009,"body":"like talking to the scientist to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1518.939,"endTime":1521.009,"body":"figure out why we even want to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1521.009,"endTime":1524.1290000000001,"body":"send the face out there in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1521.009,"endTime":1524.1290000000001,"body":"first place. And so for people"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1524.1290000000001,"endTime":1527.189,"body":"who haven't seen a picture of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1524.1290000000001,"endTime":1527.189,"body":"Europa, please go find one. It's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1527.189,"endTime":1532.1090000000002,"body":"very cool. It looks a bit like a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1527.189,"endTime":1532.1090000000002,"body":"like a cue ball. Only when you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1532.1090000000002,"endTime":1536.279,"body":"look at the the pictures that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1532.1090000000002,"endTime":1536.279,"body":"have like some exaggerated"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1536.279,"endTime":1538.709,"body":"contrast. I'll say it's kind of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1536.279,"endTime":1538.709,"body":"like a dirty cube all but a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1538.709,"endTime":1541.019,"body":"bunch of scratches all over it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1538.709,"endTime":1541.019,"body":"and some areas where it looked"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1541.019,"endTime":1544.8590000000002,"body":"like someone dropped it in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1541.019,"endTime":1544.8590000000002,"body":"dirt right? So it's this Moon,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1545.069,"endTime":1549.029,"body":"that scientists are pretty sure"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1545.069,"endTime":1549.029,"body":"has a thick shell of ice. We"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1549.029,"endTime":1550.679,"body":"don't know how thick it is."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1549.029,"endTime":1550.679,"body":"That's one of the things that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1550.679,"endTime":1553.409,"body":"Europa is intending to help us"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1550.679,"endTime":1553.409,"body":"get more of a sense of can be 25"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1553.409,"endTime":1555.689,"body":"kilometers, maybe 50 kilometers,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1553.409,"endTime":1555.689,"body":"I am making those numbers up"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1555.689,"endTime":1558.8690000000001,"body":"scientists, please don't hate"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1555.689,"endTime":1558.8690000000001,"body":"me. But we're trying to pick up"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1558.8690000000001,"endTime":1563.969,"body":"the trolls. And down that down"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1558.8690000000001,"endTime":1563.969,"body":"inside underneath that thick, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1563.969,"endTime":1566.759,"body":"shall have however depth, the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1563.969,"endTime":1566.759,"body":"scientists are pretty sure that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1566.759,"endTime":1571.559,"body":"there's a ocean like a moon wide"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1566.759,"endTime":1571.559,"body":"ocean of liquid water, that's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1571.559,"endTime":1575.8490000000002,"body":"probably more than twice the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1571.559,"endTime":1575.8490000000002,"body":"Earth's oceans combined. And so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1575.8790000000001,"endTime":1579.179,"body":"way down at the bottom, they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1575.8790000000001,"endTime":1579.179,"body":"think there's probably a rocky"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1579.209,"endTime":1583.409,"body":"floor. And what's super exciting"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1579.209,"endTime":1583.409,"body":"about that is you have this"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1583.409,"endTime":1586.739,"body":"moon, that and the reason they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1583.409,"endTime":1586.739,"body":"think is still liquid. By the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1586.739,"endTime":1588.719,"body":"way, hopefully, I don't mess"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1586.739,"endTime":1588.719,"body":"this up too badly. The engineer"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1588.719,"endTime":1591.269,"body":"not scientists, but the moon"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1588.719,"endTime":1591.269,"body":"going around Jupiter, the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1591.269,"endTime":1594.1190000000001,"body":"differences and tidal forces"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1591.269,"endTime":1594.1190000000001,"body":"that it feels kind of like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1594.1190000000001,"endTime":1597.029,"body":"squishes and pulls it. And when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1594.1190000000001,"endTime":1597.029,"body":"you think about taking a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1597.029,"endTime":1599.159,"body":"paperclip and bending it back"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1597.029,"endTime":1599.159,"body":"and forth, back and forth until"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1599.159,"endTime":1601.3490000000002,"body":"it breaks and then you touch the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1599.159,"endTime":1601.3490000000002,"body":"end, you can feel that heat"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1601.3490000000002,"endTime":1604.589,"body":"there, the friction from the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1601.3490000000002,"endTime":1604.589,"body":"material moving together, that's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1604.589,"endTime":1607.8590000000002,"body":"kind of what's happening to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1604.589,"endTime":1607.8590000000002,"body":"Europa as it orbits and so that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1607.8590000000002,"endTime":1611.909,"body":"heat on the inside keeps the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1607.8590000000002,"endTime":1611.909,"body":"water melted. And maybe down"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1611.909,"endTime":1614.279,"body":"there is enough of a heat source"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1611.909,"endTime":1614.279,"body":"that you can think about on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1614.309,"endTime":1617.699,"body":"earth oceans, or you get those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1614.309,"endTime":1617.699,"body":"hydrothermal vents. And so way"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1617.699,"endTime":1620.279,"body":"down in the water where there's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1617.699,"endTime":1620.279,"body":"not any sunlight getting down"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1620.279,"endTime":1622.829,"body":"there, but you have this energy"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1620.279,"endTime":1622.829,"body":"source from the hydrothermal"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1622.829,"endTime":1625.919,"body":"vents. And you have all this"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1622.829,"endTime":1625.919,"body":"water and you have the necessary"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1625.919,"endTime":1629.999,"body":"chemical ingredients for life as"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1625.919,"endTime":1629.999,"body":"we know a gym, which is CHNOPS"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1630.029,"endTime":1632.429,"body":"is the acronym, let's see if I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1630.029,"endTime":1632.429,"body":"can get this right carbon,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1632.6390000000001,"endTime":1637.409,"body":"hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1632.6390000000001,"endTime":1637.409,"body":"phosphorus, sulfur. And those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1637.409,"endTime":1641.309,"body":"things mixing together with the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1637.409,"endTime":1641.309,"body":"energy source can potentially"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1641.309,"endTime":1644.3990000000001,"body":"develop into all of the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1641.309,"endTime":1644.3990000000001,"body":"molecules that can combine in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1644.3990000000001,"endTime":1647.309,"body":"ways that you need to form life."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1644.3990000000001,"endTime":1647.309,"body":"And so scientists think it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1647.309,"endTime":1650.309,"body":"possible that all of those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1647.309,"endTime":1650.309,"body":"ingredients exist down under the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1650.309,"endTime":1655.019,"body":"ice shell of Europa. And we're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1650.309,"endTime":1655.019,"body":"super excited to try to study"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1655.019,"endTime":1658.589,"body":"the moon with our spacecraft."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1655.019,"endTime":1658.589,"body":"We're not landing yet there were"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1658.589,"endTime":1661.229,"body":"have plans at NASA in general"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1658.589,"endTime":1661.229,"body":"for later at some point in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1661.229,"endTime":1664.469,"body":"future, but we'll be we won't"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1661.229,"endTime":1664.469,"body":"actually be orbiting the planet."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1664.8890000000001,"endTime":1667.529,"body":"The moon constantly is too"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1664.8890000000001,"endTime":1667.529,"body":"difficult to do that because the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1667.529,"endTime":1670.6490000000001,"body":"moon is like buried down inside"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1667.529,"endTime":1670.6490000000001,"body":"one of the nasty parts of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1670.6490000000001,"endTime":1674.039,"body":"Jupiter's radiation field. We're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1670.6490000000001,"endTime":1674.039,"body":"actually orbiting Jupiter in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1674.039,"endTime":1678.569,"body":"this big orbit that we tweak in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1674.039,"endTime":1678.569,"body":"order to fly by Europa about 50"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1678.569,"endTime":1681.809,"body":"times during the mission. So we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1678.569,"endTime":1681.809,"body":"kind of fly by really close. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1681.809,"endTime":1684.089,"body":"when I say really close, when I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1681.809,"endTime":1684.089,"body":"first joined the mission and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1684.089,"endTime":1686.669,"body":"heard what our altitudes are"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1684.089,"endTime":1686.669,"body":"going to be, I'm like, really,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1686.699,"endTime":1691.319,"body":"is there a zero in there? I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1686.699,"endTime":1691.319,"body":"think I lost her in the 25"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1691.319,"endTime":1693.539,"body":"kilometer range. And there are"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1691.319,"endTime":1693.539,"body":"some that are 50 kilometers in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1693.569,"endTime":1697.8590000000002,"body":"100, which is like, wow, think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1693.569,"endTime":1697.8590000000002,"body":"about something that far away"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1697.8590000000002,"endTime":1701.069,"body":"from the earth and then using"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1697.8590000000002,"endTime":1701.069,"body":"Europa and Jupiter's gravity to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1701.069,"endTime":1704.429,"body":"do low flybys like that. So"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1701.069,"endTime":1704.429,"body":"we're gonna close the surface,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1704.669,"endTime":1707.699,"body":"and then like, examine it with"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1704.669,"endTime":1707.699,"body":"all of our instruments that the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1707.699,"endTime":1710.999,"body":"spacecraft is festooned with in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1707.699,"endTime":1710.999,"body":"order to learn things about the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1710.999,"endTime":1714.569,"body":"magnetic field about the the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1710.999,"endTime":1714.569,"body":"field of particles that we're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1714.569,"endTime":1718.169,"body":"flying through, we have a radar"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1714.569,"endTime":1718.169,"body":"that's one of the key things to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1718.169,"endTime":1720.689,"body":"help us understand what the ice"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1718.169,"endTime":1720.689,"body":"cell thickness might be there"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1720.689,"endTime":1723.539,"body":"spectrometers to let us get a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1720.689,"endTime":1723.539,"body":"sense of what materials on the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1723.539,"endTime":1727.259,"body":"surface because those cracks"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1723.539,"endTime":1727.259,"body":"that have those darker materials"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1727.6490000000001,"endTime":1731.039,"body":"seem to be places where when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1727.6490000000001,"endTime":1731.039,"body":"you're like stressing the moon,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1731.039,"endTime":1733.6190000000001,"body":"but those tidal forces we talked"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1731.039,"endTime":1733.6190000000001,"body":"about that water could be coming"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1733.6190000000001,"endTime":1736.919,"body":"up and then like spilling onto"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1733.6190000000001,"endTime":1736.919,"body":"the surface and refreezing one"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1736.919,"endTime":1740.6090000000002,"body":"of the reasons why that moon is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1736.919,"endTime":1740.6090000000002,"body":"so generally smooth. When you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1740.6090000000002,"endTime":1742.949,"body":"look at our moon, you can see"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1740.6090000000002,"endTime":1742.949,"body":"crater after crater after"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1742.949,"endTime":1746.969,"body":"crater. Because there's not like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1742.949,"endTime":1746.969,"body":"wind and rain and water"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1746.999,"endTime":1750.989,"body":"weathering the surface. But when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1746.999,"endTime":1750.989,"body":"you look at Europa, it's pretty"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1750.989,"endTime":1753.719,"body":"smooth. It does have some"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1750.989,"endTime":1753.719,"body":"craters, especially that one"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1753.719,"endTime":1757.559,"body":"giant really pretty one. But not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1753.719,"endTime":1757.559,"body":"that many, the surface is pretty"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1757.559,"endTime":1760.739,"body":"geologically young, because it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1757.559,"endTime":1760.739,"body":"seems to be getting resurfaced"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1760.739,"endTime":1762.6290000000001,"body":"with upwelling of water over"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1760.739,"endTime":1762.6290000000001,"body":"time."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1763.46,"endTime":1767.63,"body":"Interesting. How,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1763.46,"endTime":1767.63,"body":"when you send a spacecraft off"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1767.63,"endTime":1771.56,"body":"into deep, deep space, how do"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1767.63,"endTime":1771.56,"body":"you ensure or at least mitigate"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1771.56,"endTime":1775.28,"body":"the risk that some kind of space"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1771.56,"endTime":1775.28,"body":"debris, you know, like an"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1775.28,"endTime":1778.73,"body":"asteroid or something doesn't"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1775.28,"endTime":1778.73,"body":"crash into it, it just destroy"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1778.73,"endTime":1780.56,"body":"it before it gets to its"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1778.73,"endTime":1780.56,"body":"destination?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1780.89,"endTime":1782.27,"body":"Yeah, when we're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1780.89,"endTime":1782.27,"body":"sending spacecraft from the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1782.27,"endTime":1784.28,"body":"Earth to somewhere else, there's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1782.27,"endTime":1784.28,"body":"all sorts of things we have to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1784.28,"endTime":1786.53,"body":"think about in the space"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1784.28,"endTime":1786.53,"body":"environment that the spacecraft"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1786.53,"endTime":1788.8700000000001,"body":"is going to have to get through"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1786.53,"endTime":1788.8700000000001,"body":"in order to get to its"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1789.05,"endTime":1791.8700000000001,"body":"destination. There's the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1789.05,"endTime":1791.8700000000001,"body":"radiation environment that it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1791.8700000000001,"endTime":1794.0,"body":"in, there's tiny little micro"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1791.8700000000001,"endTime":1794.0,"body":"meteorites, which you're talking"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1794.0,"endTime":1797.51,"body":"about. So the kinds of things"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1794.0,"endTime":1797.51,"body":"that we do is some areas need to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1797.51,"endTime":1800.63,"body":"be better shielded than others,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1797.51,"endTime":1800.63,"body":"in order to make sure if there"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1800.63,"endTime":1804.3500000000001,"body":"are these tiny impacts that it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1800.63,"endTime":1804.3500000000001,"body":"won't cause damage. But when it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1804.3500000000001,"endTime":1807.1100000000001,"body":"comes to bigger things like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1804.3500000000001,"endTime":1807.1100000000001,"body":"asteroids, this is something"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1807.1100000000001,"endTime":1810.68,"body":"that I found super fascinating"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1807.1100000000001,"endTime":1810.68,"body":"and, and it's a fun thing that I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1810.68,"endTime":1813.77,"body":"was disillusioned with, in terms"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1810.68,"endTime":1813.77,"body":"of science fiction, because in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1813.77,"endTime":1815.8400000000001,"body":"movies, when you watch"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1813.77,"endTime":1815.8400000000001,"body":"spacecraft going through the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1815.8400000000001,"endTime":1818.93,"body":"asteroid belt, you see people"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1815.8400000000001,"endTime":1818.93,"body":"having to swerve and avoid"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1818.93,"endTime":1821.96,"body":"asteroids or like huge boulders"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1818.93,"endTime":1821.96,"body":"all over the place. But when I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1821.96,"endTime":1826.13,"body":"looked into what the asteroid"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1821.96,"endTime":1826.13,"body":"belt distribution actually is,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1826.43,"endTime":1830.0,"body":"for any asteroid of a size is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1826.43,"endTime":1830.0,"body":"big enough for us to even know"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1830.0,"endTime":1834.5900000000001,"body":"it's out there. The the distance"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1830.0,"endTime":1834.5900000000001,"body":"between individual ones is just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1834.65,"endTime":1838.5800000000002,"body":"obnoxious. It's like a couple"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1834.65,"endTime":1838.5800000000002,"body":"100,000 kilometers, it's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1839.75,"endTime":1841.88,"body":"Oh wow. So that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1839.75,"endTime":1841.88,"body":"much risk of crashing into them."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1841.94,"endTime":1843.77,"body":"There really is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1841.94,"endTime":1843.77,"body":"it's like, we don't even have to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1843.77,"endTime":1848.0900000000001,"body":"be like, where's the asteroid"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1843.77,"endTime":1848.0900000000001,"body":"you'd be like winning the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1848.0900000000001,"endTime":1850.31,"body":"lottery. You actually did one of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1848.0900000000001,"endTime":1850.31,"body":"those suckers on your way"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1850.31,"endTime":1853.64,"body":"Wow. Well, that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1850.31,"endTime":1853.64,"body":"works out well for your team."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1853.64,"endTime":1859.7,"body":"Right makes things easier. Yeah."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1853.64,"endTime":1859.7,"body":"Okay, going back to Europa, if"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1859.73,"endTime":1864.5,"body":"there is an ocean under that ice"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1859.73,"endTime":1864.5,"body":"shell, and if we did find life"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1864.5,"endTime":1870.17,"body":"there, what do you think that we"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1864.5,"endTime":1870.17,"body":"do with it? Well, I know there,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1870.2,"endTime":1873.5,"body":"this is a future scenario that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1870.2,"endTime":1873.5,"body":"we know nothing about. So it's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1873.56,"endTime":1876.41,"body":"almost an unfair question. But"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1873.56,"endTime":1876.41,"body":"what do you think we would do"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":1876.44,"endTime":1877.13,"body":"next?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1877.49,"endTime":1879.47,"body":"Yeah, totally"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1877.49,"endTime":1879.47,"body":"future scenario. Again, since"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1879.47,"endTime":1881.54,"body":"Europa Clipper is not landing"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1879.47,"endTime":1881.54,"body":"and the lander that we're going"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1881.54,"endTime":1885.02,"body":"to send down, I we're still, I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1881.54,"endTime":1885.02,"body":"not involved in that when people"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1885.02,"endTime":1887.06,"body":"are talking about the details of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1885.02,"endTime":1887.06,"body":"what it will be able to do. I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1887.06,"endTime":1889.88,"body":"don't know, the likelihood of us"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1887.06,"endTime":1889.88,"body":"actually being able to find"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1889.88,"endTime":1892.28,"body":"things even if they are way down"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1889.88,"endTime":1892.28,"body":"there under the surface, right."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1892.4,"endTime":1895.4,"body":"But I'll talk about it as if I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1892.4,"endTime":1895.4,"body":"were writing a science fiction"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1895.4,"endTime":1900.68,"body":"movie, because that, personally,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1895.4,"endTime":1900.68,"body":"I think that finding life"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1900.8300000000002,"endTime":1903.5,"body":"somewhere else in our solar"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1900.8300000000002,"endTime":1903.5,"body":"system will just be very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1903.5,"endTime":1906.71,"body":"paradigm shifting, right?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1903.5,"endTime":1906.71,"body":"Because we have this idea that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1906.71,"endTime":1909.8,"body":"Earth is special that life is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1906.71,"endTime":1909.8,"body":"only evolved here that it can't"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1909.8,"endTime":1912.8600000000001,"body":"be anywhere else. And the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1909.8,"endTime":1912.8600000000001,"body":"instant, you have a real"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1912.8600000000001,"endTime":1917.0,"body":"example, that isn't just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1912.8600000000001,"endTime":1917.0,"body":"someone's theory of it really"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1917.0,"endTime":1919.8500000000001,"body":"happening somewhere else, it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1917.0,"endTime":1919.8500000000001,"body":"will just change the way we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1919.8500000000001,"endTime":1923.03,"body":"think about life in general, in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1919.8500000000001,"endTime":1923.03,"body":"my opinion. Now, there will be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1923.06,"endTime":1926.0900000000001,"body":"this conversation that you might"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1923.06,"endTime":1926.0900000000001,"body":"have heard of this elements, I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1926.0900000000001,"endTime":1928.8500000000001,"body":"gonna mess up the phrase that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1926.0900000000001,"endTime":1928.8500000000001,"body":"there actually has been an"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1928.8500000000001,"endTime":1932.1200000000001,"body":"exchange of materials between"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1928.8500000000001,"endTime":1932.1200000000001,"body":"bodies in our solar system,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1932.1200000000001,"endTime":1934.73,"body":"right? There are asteroid or"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1932.1200000000001,"endTime":1934.73,"body":"meteorites that have landed on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1934.73,"endTime":1937.31,"body":"the earth that we can tell have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1934.73,"endTime":1937.31,"body":"come from Mars, right? So it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1937.31,"endTime":1941.21,"body":"not like they're completely"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1937.31,"endTime":1941.21,"body":"separate. And we've learned"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1941.21,"endTime":1943.7,"body":"things like well, you say, well,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1941.21,"endTime":1943.7,"body":"wouldn't the journey from Mars"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1943.7,"endTime":1946.1000000000001,"body":"to Earth had to sterilize"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1943.7,"endTime":1946.1000000000001,"body":"anything on there anyway, but"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1946.1000000000001,"endTime":1950.45,"body":"there's it's really interesting"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1946.1000000000001,"endTime":1950.45,"body":"story that I heard about, from"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1950.45,"endTime":1953.66,"body":"the lunar lander days where"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1950.45,"endTime":1953.66,"body":"there was a, I think, a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1953.66,"endTime":1956.27,"body":"component in a camera, maybe"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1953.66,"endTime":1956.27,"body":"that was left on the surface of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1956.27,"endTime":1958.31,"body":"the moon for some time. And one"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1956.27,"endTime":1958.31,"body":"of the later missions brought it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1958.31,"endTime":1961.97,"body":"back. And they did a scraping"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1958.31,"endTime":1961.97,"body":"and like, stuck some things in a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1961.97,"endTime":1964.79,"body":"culture and they can actually"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1961.97,"endTime":1964.79,"body":"get bacteria spores that had"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1964.79,"endTime":1968.3,"body":"been left on the surface of the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1964.79,"endTime":1968.3,"body":"moon for like, at least a year,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1968.3,"endTime":1970.1000000000001,"body":"I can't remember how long go"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1968.3,"endTime":1970.1000000000001,"body":"look at the story factory"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1970.1000000000001,"endTime":1973.5800000000002,"body":"people, but they survive, they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1970.1000000000001,"endTime":1973.5800000000002,"body":"had gone bacteria can go into"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1973.5800000000002,"endTime":1977.45,"body":"the spore like states where they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1973.5800000000002,"endTime":1977.45,"body":"are dormant. And then when they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1977.45,"endTime":1980.72,"body":"get back to a place that has"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1977.45,"endTime":1980.72,"body":"nutrients and whatever else they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1980.75,"endTime":1983.21,"body":"need to grow, they can grow"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1980.75,"endTime":1983.21,"body":"again. So there's this"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1983.24,"endTime":1987.44,"body":"interesting idea that, that this"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1983.24,"endTime":1987.44,"body":"exchange of materials over long"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1987.44,"endTime":1989.99,"body":"periods of time and bodies of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1987.44,"endTime":1989.99,"body":"the solar system could have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1989.99,"endTime":1994.04,"body":"spread life around. And so I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1989.99,"endTime":1994.04,"body":"think it'll add some urgency to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1994.04,"endTime":1996.0800000000002,"body":"people trying to figure out is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1994.04,"endTime":1996.0800000000002,"body":"that what could have happened?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1996.0800000000002,"endTime":1998.96,"body":"Like, if we were to find"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1996.0800000000002,"endTime":1998.96,"body":"evidence of life on Europa, that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1998.96,"endTime":2001.3,"body":"thing has happened? or could"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":1998.96,"endTime":2001.3,"body":"they have been independently"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2001.3,"endTime":2004.18,"body":"developed? Like, I don't know."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2001.3,"endTime":2004.18,"body":"But I will be like, sitting back"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2004.18,"endTime":2006.49,"body":"with a bowl of popcorn watching"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2004.18,"endTime":2006.49,"body":"the scientific discussions"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2006.49,"endTime":2006.94,"body":"happening."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2008.1100000000001,"endTime":2010.51,"body":"How fun to think"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2008.1100000000001,"endTime":2010.51,"body":"about that? Well, it's Jurassic"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2052.38,"endTime":2059.61,"body":"Park says life we'll find a way."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2052.38,"endTime":2059.61,"body":"Right, exactly. Oh, shoot, I had"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2059.61,"endTime":2064.17,"body":"a question in mind. What was it"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2059.61,"endTime":2064.17,"body":"was about we're talking about"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2064.23,"endTime":2070.92,"body":"potential life on Europa. Oh, I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2064.23,"endTime":2070.92,"body":"know what it was, in general,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2070.98,"endTime":2076.71,"body":"among the circles that you run"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2070.98,"endTime":2076.71,"body":"in the basically at NASA, is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2076.71,"endTime":2080.58,"body":"there consensus where people"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2076.71,"endTime":2080.58,"body":"tend to think you know, what,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2080.73,"endTime":2084.0,"body":"statistically there probably is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2080.73,"endTime":2084.0,"body":"life somewhere else in the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2084.0,"endTime":2087.69,"body":"universe? Or are most people in"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2084.0,"endTime":2087.69,"body":"the camp of now that's crazy,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2087.69,"endTime":2090.81,"body":"there's no such thing as life or"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2087.69,"endTime":2090.81,"body":"Green Man or anything like that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2090.81,"endTime":2093.6299999999997,"body":"we're alone, we're special, is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2090.81,"endTime":2093.6299999999997,"body":"there a consensus one way or the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2093.6299999999997,"endTime":2094.08,"body":"other."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2093.64,"endTime":2095.6499999999996,"body":"So I personally"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2093.64,"endTime":2095.6499999999996,"body":"have no idea that there was a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2095.6499999999996,"endTime":2098.6499999999996,"body":"consensus, and I would be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2095.6499999999996,"endTime":2098.6499999999996,"body":"shocked to my toes if there was."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2099.89,"endTime":2100.2799999999997,"body":"Okay."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2100.31,"endTime":2102.44,"body":"But I will tell you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2100.31,"endTime":2102.44,"body":"my own personal view on that,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2102.44,"endTime":2108.14,"body":"right. And it comes from my"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2102.44,"endTime":2108.14,"body":"experience working on Kepler and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2108.14,"endTime":2111.1699999999996,"body":"kind of being embedded in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2108.14,"endTime":2111.1699999999996,"body":"search for planets. And the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2111.1699999999996,"endTime":2113.0899999999997,"body":"thing we talked about earlier"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2111.1699999999996,"endTime":2113.0899999999997,"body":"about how many planets there"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2113.0899999999997,"endTime":2118.04,"body":"are, but how far away they are."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2113.0899999999997,"endTime":2118.04,"body":"And also about just the just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2118.31,"endTime":2122.8999999999996,"body":"time and how deep time is. And I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2118.31,"endTime":2122.8999999999996,"body":"love those things where people"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2122.8999999999996,"endTime":2126.2599999999998,"body":"say, if you compress all of the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2122.8999999999996,"endTime":2126.2599999999998,"body":"history of the earth, like from"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2126.2599999999998,"endTime":2129.2599999999998,"body":"the formation of the earth to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2126.2599999999998,"endTime":2129.2599999999998,"body":"now into a single year, then"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2129.5299999999997,"endTime":2132.1699999999996,"body":"then people will appear on the I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2129.5299999999997,"endTime":2132.1699999999996,"body":"can't remember what the what the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2132.2,"endTime":2134.72,"body":"value of that is like way toward"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2132.2,"endTime":2134.72,"body":"the end, it's like a second to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2134.72,"endTime":2138.5299999999997,"body":"midnight or something. And when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2134.72,"endTime":2138.5299999999997,"body":"you think about like, what if"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2138.5299999999997,"endTime":2142.04,"body":"there were little green men out"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2138.5299999999997,"endTime":2142.04,"body":"there somewhere, and we didn't"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2142.04,"endTime":2144.7999999999997,"body":"send a radio signals? How can"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2142.04,"endTime":2144.7999999999997,"body":"they come here? Well, even if"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2144.7999999999997,"endTime":2150.47,"body":"they came here once every, you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2144.7999999999997,"endTime":2150.47,"body":"know, 10,000 years, say, for the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2150.47,"endTime":2152.84,"body":"last billion years, like there"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2150.47,"endTime":2152.84,"body":"would have been nothing,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2152.87,"endTime":2159.5299999999997,"body":"nothing, nothing at all right."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2152.87,"endTime":2159.5299999999997,"body":"And so I personally think that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2159.5299999999997,"endTime":2162.5299999999997,"body":"even if there were a possibility"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2159.5299999999997,"endTime":2162.5299999999997,"body":"for there to be not just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2162.5299999999997,"endTime":2165.47,"body":"microbial life out there but"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2162.5299999999997,"endTime":2165.47,"body":"other kinds of life that we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2165.47,"endTime":2168.98,"body":"would recognize as something"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2165.47,"endTime":2168.98,"body":"that could be interacted with a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2169.0099999999998,"endTime":2171.56,"body":"so freaking far away. I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2169.0099999999998,"endTime":2171.56,"body":"personally cannot see how we're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2171.56,"endTime":2174.95,"body":"ever going to get there and be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2171.56,"endTime":2174.95,"body":"just we could be separated by"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2174.98,"endTime":2178.43,"body":"millions and billions of years"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2174.98,"endTime":2178.43,"body":"and so likelihoods of people"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2178.46,"endTime":2180.74,"body":"being around at the same time in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2178.46,"endTime":2180.74,"body":"different places and able to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2180.74,"endTime":2184.25,"body":"communicate to me things"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2180.74,"endTime":2184.25,"body":"vanishingly small, so I tend to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2184.25,"endTime":2187.52,"body":"be quite a bit of a pessimist."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2184.25,"endTime":2187.52,"body":"on that scale, but my own"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2187.52,"endTime":2188.27,"body":"personal thing."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2188.48,"endTime":2190.16,"body":"That's really"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2188.48,"endTime":2190.16,"body":"interesting. I had never thought"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2190.16,"endTime":2192.86,"body":"about the fact that we've been"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2190.16,"endTime":2192.86,"body":"sending out radio signals for"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2192.86,"endTime":2195.89,"body":"what, 50 years or something,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2192.86,"endTime":2195.89,"body":"which is nothing, right? Like"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2195.89,"endTime":2198.44,"body":"it's like a nanosecond or"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2195.89,"endTime":2198.44,"body":"something in the grand scheme of"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2198.44,"endTime":2199.1,"body":"the universe."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2199.5499999999997,"endTime":2201.5,"body":"I think it might be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2199.5499999999997,"endTime":2201.5,"body":"almost 100 years now, what was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2201.5,"endTime":2204.35,"body":"it? Like in the 1930s? Maybe,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2201.5,"endTime":2204.35,"body":"but anyway, it's still a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2204.35,"endTime":2205.1,"body":"nanosecond, right?"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2205.16,"endTime":2207.5299999999997,"body":"Yeah, right. It's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2205.16,"endTime":2207.5299999999997,"body":"relatively speaking not much"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2207.5299999999997,"endTime":2211.46,"body":"time. Okay. Well, you've been an"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2207.5299999999997,"endTime":2211.46,"body":"engineer for a long time now."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2211.7599999999998,"endTime":2215.72,"body":"How focused should we be? Should"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2211.7599999999998,"endTime":2215.72,"body":"engineers in general, especially"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2215.72,"endTime":2219.23,"body":"younger engineers, be on"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2215.72,"endTime":2219.23,"body":"intentionally finding our role"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2219.23,"endTime":2222.02,"body":"versus just kind of letting"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2219.23,"endTime":2222.02,"body":"ourselves fall into the right"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2222.02,"endTime":2223.73,"body":"more role organically?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2224.169,"endTime":2226.659,"body":"Ah, that's a good"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2224.169,"endTime":2226.659,"body":"question. And my thoughts on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2226.659,"endTime":2231.3089999999997,"body":"that have totally evolved over"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2226.659,"endTime":2231.3089999999997,"body":"the years. And I tend to be a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2231.3089999999997,"endTime":2234.489,"body":"little bit in the organic camp."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2231.3089999999997,"endTime":2234.489,"body":"And some of it is because right,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2234.639,"endTime":2238.179,"body":"when we study engineering, in my"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2234.639,"endTime":2238.179,"body":"opinion, the main thing you get"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2238.209,"endTime":2242.109,"body":"out of a bachelor's degree in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2238.209,"endTime":2242.109,"body":"engineering is not, here's some"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2242.109,"endTime":2246.339,"body":"equations. Very well, I can do"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2242.109,"endTime":2246.339,"body":"stressing out, it's not really"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2246.339,"endTime":2250.599,"body":"that it's really learning how to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2246.339,"endTime":2250.599,"body":"learn and learning how to think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2250.599,"endTime":2253.0589999999997,"body":"logically, I think in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2250.599,"endTime":2253.0589999999997,"body":"engineering, either in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2253.0589999999997,"endTime":2255.489,"body":"mechanical or chemical or"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2253.0589999999997,"endTime":2255.489,"body":"electrical or computer sound"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2255.489,"endTime":2259.089,"body":"like pick, your favorite thing"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2255.489,"endTime":2259.089,"body":"really is there to train you and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2259.089,"endTime":2263.619,"body":"how to think and how to be able"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2259.089,"endTime":2263.619,"body":"to take massive problems that no"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2263.619,"endTime":2266.859,"body":"one's ever solved before and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2263.619,"endTime":2266.859,"body":"develop a framework for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2266.859,"endTime":2269.349,"body":"attacking them and how to break"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2266.859,"endTime":2269.349,"body":"them into smaller pieces. And in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2269.349,"endTime":2272.049,"body":"order to make your way towards a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2269.349,"endTime":2272.049,"body":"solution, instead of sitting"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2272.049,"endTime":2275.2889999999998,"body":"there just throwing something at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2272.049,"endTime":2275.2889999999998,"body":"the wall to see what's and then"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2275.2889999999998,"endTime":2279.489,"body":"I think a master's degree in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2275.2889999999998,"endTime":2279.489,"body":"engineering is to kind of put a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2279.489,"endTime":2283.599,"body":"polish on that and also to train"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2279.489,"endTime":2283.599,"body":"you better how to think more"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2283.599,"endTime":2287.5589999999997,"body":"independently, depending on what"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2283.599,"endTime":2287.5589999999997,"body":"school you go to, and how strong"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2287.5589999999997,"endTime":2290.109,"body":"they are in terms of labs, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2287.5589999999997,"endTime":2290.109,"body":"independent studies, or projects"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2290.109,"endTime":2293.379,"body":"and all of that stuff. A lot of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2290.109,"endTime":2293.379,"body":"the undergrad classes can be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2293.379,"endTime":2297.519,"body":"like open the top of your head"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2293.379,"endTime":2297.519,"body":"for insert information. And like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2297.519,"endTime":2299.799,"body":"do this problem. Now there's no"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2297.519,"endTime":2299.799,"body":"problem with just like it and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2299.799,"endTime":2303.7889999999998,"body":"not so much in the find your own"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2299.799,"endTime":2303.7889999999998,"body":"path, like here's, here's a very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2303.7889999999998,"endTime":2306.069,"body":"ill defined problem, go figure"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2303.7889999999998,"endTime":2306.069,"body":"out what to do with it, which is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2306.069,"endTime":2308.889,"body":"kind of what we need to do in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2306.069,"endTime":2308.889,"body":"our everyday jobs. And then a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2308.889,"endTime":2312.249,"body":"PhD, right is pushing that even"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2308.889,"endTime":2312.249,"body":"further and being able to like,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2312.339,"endTime":2315.969,"body":"extend what we know, in general"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2312.339,"endTime":2315.969,"body":"so that other people can use"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2315.969,"endTime":2318.759,"body":"that and build on the work"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2315.969,"endTime":2318.759,"body":"later. And so when it comes to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2318.969,"endTime":2322.719,"body":"how definite we should be at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2318.969,"endTime":2322.719,"body":"exactly what we want to do, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2322.719,"endTime":2325.749,"body":"think that because that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2322.719,"endTime":2325.749,"body":"engineering background, makes"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2325.749,"endTime":2327.819,"body":"you capable of doing so many"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2325.749,"endTime":2327.819,"body":"different things, it's not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2327.819,"endTime":2331.479,"body":"necessary to really neck down"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2327.819,"endTime":2331.479,"body":"individually or immediately. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2331.479,"endTime":2333.369,"body":"I also think that I mean,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2331.479,"endTime":2333.369,"body":"there's internet now."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2335.32,"endTime":2337.81,"body":"But it's hard to just know"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2335.32,"endTime":2337.81,"body":"what's out there and to know"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2337.81,"endTime":2341.56,"body":"what kinds of things you could"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2337.81,"endTime":2341.56,"body":"go do. And for the people who"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2341.56,"endTime":2343.75,"body":"are coming out of school right"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2341.56,"endTime":2343.75,"body":"now, five years from now, there"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2343.75,"endTime":2346.54,"body":"might be opportunities, which"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2343.75,"endTime":2346.54,"body":"literally don't exist right now,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2346.72,"endTime":2349.18,"body":"for me, studying mechanical"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2346.72,"endTime":2349.18,"body":"engineering, but knowing that I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2349.18,"endTime":2352.24,"body":"was intending to go towards the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2349.18,"endTime":2352.24,"body":"space direction. When I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2352.24,"endTime":2357.22,"body":"interviewed at JPL in 2000. That"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2352.24,"endTime":2357.22,"body":"was the first time I had heard"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2357.22,"endTime":2360.34,"body":"the phrase systems engineer,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2357.22,"endTime":2360.34,"body":"literally, like that was that."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2360.67,"endTime":2363.1,"body":"And as they described to me,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2360.67,"endTime":2363.1,"body":"I'll take this opportunity to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2363.1,"endTime":2365.86,"body":"say a little bit about what that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2363.1,"endTime":2365.86,"body":"job is, is the person who needs"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2365.86,"endTime":2368.89,"body":"to know enough about all of the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2365.86,"endTime":2368.89,"body":"different things that need to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2368.89,"endTime":2372.2799999999997,"body":"work together in a complex"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2368.89,"endTime":2372.2799999999997,"body":"system to get something done, so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2372.2799999999997,"endTime":2376.0299999999997,"body":"that we can make the right"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2372.2799999999997,"endTime":2376.0299999999997,"body":"trades and decisions, both in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2376.0299999999997,"endTime":2378.79,"body":"design and both as you're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2376.0299999999997,"endTime":2378.79,"body":"testing and things are working"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2378.79,"endTime":2381.07,"body":"right. What are our options?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2378.79,"endTime":2381.07,"body":"What can do I know it's gonna"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2381.07,"endTime":2383.68,"body":"cause some pain over here, but"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2381.07,"endTime":2383.68,"body":"it'll be better overall for the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2383.68,"endTime":2386.14,"body":"system, same thing and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2383.68,"endTime":2386.14,"body":"operations, we launch spacecraft"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2386.14,"endTime":2388.27,"body":"that don't do exactly what we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2386.14,"endTime":2388.27,"body":"think they will all the time,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2388.42,"endTime":2390.91,"body":"what are our options? What can"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2388.42,"endTime":2390.91,"body":"we do about it, I really enjoy"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2390.91,"endTime":2394.57,"body":"that kind of jack of all trades,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2390.91,"endTime":2394.57,"body":"generalists, and being able to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2394.57,"endTime":2397.12,"body":"work with the people who have"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2394.57,"endTime":2397.12,"body":"deep detailed knowledge in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2397.12,"endTime":2400.33,"body":"specific areas, but might not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2397.12,"endTime":2400.33,"body":"necessarily appreciate those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2400.33,"endTime":2404.86,"body":"cross system links, to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2400.33,"endTime":2404.86,"body":"understand why picking something"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2404.89,"endTime":2407.47,"body":"that to resolve a problem that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2404.89,"endTime":2407.47,"body":"is the best of their area might"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2407.47,"endTime":2410.35,"body":"suck somewhere else, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2407.47,"endTime":2410.35,"body":"therefore not be the ultimate"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2410.35,"endTime":2413.11,"body":"best thing to do for the overall"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2410.35,"endTime":2413.11,"body":"mission. I had no idea that that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2413.11,"endTime":2416.14,"body":"job existed when I was studying"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2413.11,"endTime":2416.14,"body":"engineering, super thrilled to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2416.14,"endTime":2418.27,"body":"hear about it. When I was in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2416.14,"endTime":2418.27,"body":"interview, I like begged and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2418.27,"endTime":2421.06,"body":"pleaded to get hired, and then"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2418.27,"endTime":2421.06,"body":"worked with a lot of very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2421.06,"endTime":2424.81,"body":"experienced systems engineers to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2421.06,"endTime":2424.81,"body":"figure out how to do that job."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2425.0499999999997,"endTime":2428.77,"body":"And so in the rest of my career,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2425.0499999999997,"endTime":2428.77,"body":"right, it's really cool for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2428.77,"endTime":2431.35,"body":"engineers working at the lab,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2428.77,"endTime":2431.35,"body":"because there's so many projects"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2431.35,"endTime":2434.89,"body":"going on at any given time. We"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2431.35,"endTime":2434.89,"body":"need systems engineers, both at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2434.89,"endTime":2437.2599999999998,"body":"the flight system level where"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2434.89,"endTime":2437.2599999999998,"body":"you're trying to figure out how"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2437.35,"endTime":2439.9,"body":"the thermal system and the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2437.35,"endTime":2439.9,"body":"telecom system and power and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2439.9,"endTime":2443.17,"body":"flight software and all of those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2439.9,"endTime":2443.17,"body":"things work together. But you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2443.17,"endTime":2446.86,"body":"also need them one step up at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2443.17,"endTime":2446.86,"body":"the project system level where"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2446.86,"endTime":2448.45,"body":"you're trying to figure out how"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2446.86,"endTime":2448.45,"body":"the spacecraft and the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2448.45,"endTime":2451.87,"body":"instruments and the launch"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2448.45,"endTime":2451.87,"body":"vehicle and the ops, folks and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2451.87,"endTime":2454.81,"body":"the ground data system all work"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2451.87,"endTime":2454.81,"body":"together, but also the next"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2454.81,"endTime":2457.93,"body":"level down where if you take"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2454.81,"endTime":2457.93,"body":"something like attitude control,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2458.08,"endTime":2460.42,"body":"we have a bunch of different"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2458.08,"endTime":2460.42,"body":"sensors that that spacecraft"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2460.42,"endTime":2464.2,"body":"will use to figure out where it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2460.42,"endTime":2464.2,"body":"is like star cameras or sun"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2464.74,"endTime":2467.17,"body":"sensors or whatever. And you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2464.74,"endTime":2467.17,"body":"have a bunch of different"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2467.17,"endTime":2469.7799999999997,"body":"actuators like the little"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2467.17,"endTime":2469.7799999999997,"body":"reaction wheels that you spend"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2469.7799999999997,"endTime":2471.49,"body":"to make yourself spin the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2469.7799999999997,"endTime":2471.49,"body":"opposite direction and the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2471.49,"endTime":2474.0099999999998,"body":"spacecraft or thrusters, you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2471.49,"endTime":2474.0099999999998,"body":"have to figure out how all those"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2474.0099999999998,"endTime":2477.85,"body":"things work together as their"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2474.0099999999998,"endTime":2477.85,"body":"own system as well. And so it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2477.85,"endTime":2481.24,"body":"cool to me that when you get"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2477.85,"endTime":2481.24,"body":"trained in the thought processes"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2481.24,"endTime":2483.97,"body":"that are very valuable to a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2481.24,"endTime":2483.97,"body":"systems engineer in terms of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2483.97,"endTime":2487.63,"body":"design and solving problems, You"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2483.97,"endTime":2487.63,"body":"can apply it across all levels"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2487.63,"endTime":2490.6,"body":"in something like a spacecraft"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2487.63,"endTime":2490.6,"body":"design. And I'm sure that the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2490.6,"endTime":2494.5299999999997,"body":"same thing goes for other"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2490.6,"endTime":2494.5299999999997,"body":"elements industry like aircraft"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2494.5299999999997,"endTime":2498.46,"body":"or cars or, or factories, right,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2494.5299999999997,"endTime":2498.46,"body":"since engineering thinking is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2498.46,"endTime":2502.18,"body":"really cool. So I'm still"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2498.46,"endTime":2502.18,"body":"answering your question whether"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2502.18,"endTime":2504.88,"body":"people should have a definite"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2502.18,"endTime":2504.88,"body":"goal or the organic about it, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2504.88,"endTime":2508.81,"body":"think that as you are working in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2504.88,"endTime":2508.81,"body":"your field, and seeing the other"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2508.81,"endTime":2511.87,"body":"things that are going on around"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2508.81,"endTime":2511.87,"body":"you, you learn more about what"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2511.87,"endTime":2514.2999999999997,"body":"it is that you could be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2511.87,"endTime":2514.2999999999997,"body":"contributing to you learn more"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2514.2999999999997,"endTime":2517.15,"body":"about what it is that you're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2514.2999999999997,"endTime":2517.15,"body":"interested in, opportunities"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2517.18,"endTime":2520.63,"body":"come and go at times that you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2517.18,"endTime":2520.63,"body":"can't really define. So it pays"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2520.63,"endTime":2523.0,"body":"to understand the kinds of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2520.63,"endTime":2523.0,"body":"things you're interested in. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2523.0,"endTime":2526.15,"body":"then just keep an eye out for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2523.0,"endTime":2526.15,"body":"when things crop up and be open"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2526.15,"endTime":2529.15,"body":"minded to be able to move into"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2526.15,"endTime":2529.15,"body":"them and learn and grow as you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2529.15,"endTime":2529.48,"body":"go."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2530.2889999999998,"endTime":2533.439,"body":"When you started"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2530.2889999999998,"endTime":2533.439,"body":"your position at JPL, you were"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2533.469,"endTime":2536.049,"body":"interviewed by some people,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2533.469,"endTime":2536.049,"body":"maybe a lot of people, maybe"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2536.049,"endTime":2539.229,"body":"there were multiple interviews,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2536.049,"endTime":2539.229,"body":"they determined if not the whole"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2539.229,"endTime":2542.949,"body":"day, in terms of it is Tracy, a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2539.229,"endTime":2542.949,"body":"good for the fit for this"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2542.949,"endTime":2546.699,"body":"position. Tell me a little bit"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2542.949,"endTime":2546.699,"body":"about the opposite. You have you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2546.699,"endTime":2549.609,"body":"mentioned to me before that you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2546.699,"endTime":2549.609,"body":"felt like it was really"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2549.609,"endTime":2552.879,"body":"important for you to interview"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2549.609,"endTime":2552.879,"body":"your bosses and feel like you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2552.879,"endTime":2556.359,"body":"know, is that a good fit from"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2552.879,"endTime":2556.359,"body":"from the other side? Can you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2556.359,"endTime":2557.619,"body":"talk a little bit about that?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2558.4,"endTime":2560.44,"body":"I can. And the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2558.4,"endTime":2560.44,"body":"interesting thing is, I didn't"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2560.44,"endTime":2563.65,"body":"actually know that when I was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2560.44,"endTime":2563.65,"body":"first coming on board. That's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2563.65,"endTime":2566.65,"body":"something that I learned more"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2563.65,"endTime":2566.65,"body":"when I was inside JPL. And then"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2566.65,"endTime":2568.93,"body":"trying to decide what next rules"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2566.65,"endTime":2568.93,"body":"I would be taking as I was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2568.93,"endTime":2571.87,"body":"moving through projects. And so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2568.93,"endTime":2571.87,"body":"when I was first interviewing to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2571.87,"endTime":2577.6,"body":"get hired, I mean, I was, you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2571.87,"endTime":2577.6,"body":"know, nine engineers coming out"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2577.6,"endTime":2579.16,"body":"of school, you're just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2577.6,"endTime":2579.16,"body":"terrified. You just want"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2579.16,"endTime":2585.46,"body":"everyone to like you, please"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2579.16,"endTime":2585.46,"body":"hire me, right. But it was, it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2585.46,"endTime":2588.1,"body":"was really, I think the thing"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2585.46,"endTime":2588.1,"body":"that I did understand, and I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2588.1,"endTime":2591.04,"body":"really glad about was that the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2588.1,"endTime":2591.04,"body":"interview process is so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2591.04,"endTime":2593.77,"body":"difficult because people they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2591.04,"endTime":2593.77,"body":"have this tiny window of time,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2593.77,"endTime":2597.0099999999998,"body":"if you they're trying to feel"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2593.77,"endTime":2597.0099999999998,"body":"out your technical knowledge,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2597.0099999999998,"endTime":2599.95,"body":"they're trying to feel out"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2597.0099999999998,"endTime":2599.95,"body":"things as intangible as your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2599.95,"endTime":2603.31,"body":"ability to learn systems"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2599.95,"endTime":2603.31,"body":"engineering is very, very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2603.34,"endTime":2605.95,"body":"important to be a good"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2603.34,"endTime":2605.95,"body":"communicator, because you're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2605.95,"endTime":2608.98,"body":"listening to people working very"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2605.95,"endTime":2608.98,"body":"specifically and their areas,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2609.16,"endTime":2611.89,"body":"not necessarily having good"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2609.16,"endTime":2611.89,"body":"insight into other areas. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2611.89,"endTime":2613.99,"body":"you have to be able to integrate"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2611.89,"endTime":2613.99,"body":"what they're telling you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2613.99,"endTime":2616.0299999999997,"body":"integrate with a bunch of people"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2613.99,"endTime":2616.0299999999997,"body":"are telling you figure out the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2616.0299999999997,"endTime":2618.1,"body":"right decision, ask the right"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2616.0299999999997,"endTime":2618.1,"body":"vibe, like all of those things."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2618.4,"endTime":2621.0099999999998,"body":"And if you don't like working"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2618.4,"endTime":2621.0099999999998,"body":"with people, like don't do that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2621.0099999999998,"endTime":2625.54,"body":"job. And so I think it's from"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2621.0099999999998,"endTime":2625.54,"body":"from an interviewers"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2625.54,"endTime":2628.45,"body":"perspective, they can kind of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2625.54,"endTime":2628.45,"body":"sense those kinds of qualities"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2628.45,"endTime":2630.43,"body":"with someone when they're just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2628.45,"endTime":2630.43,"body":"on the phone in an interview"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2630.43,"endTime":2634.0,"body":"setting. Later on in my career"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2630.43,"endTime":2634.0,"body":"when I was on the Mars"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2634.0,"endTime":2636.61,"body":"Reconnaissance Orbiter for about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2634.0,"endTime":2636.61,"body":"six years. And then after that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2636.61,"endTime":2639.85,"body":"was going to go off and work on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2636.61,"endTime":2639.85,"body":"Kepler for a couple of years, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2639.85,"endTime":2644.2,"body":"got a an email from someone with"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2639.85,"endTime":2644.2,"body":"the subject of your next job."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2644.89,"endTime":2648.4,"body":"Like, who are you? And what are"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2644.89,"endTime":2648.4,"body":"you talking about. And I got to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2648.4,"endTime":2650.7999999999997,"body":"meet with that person who has"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2648.4,"endTime":2650.7999999999997,"body":"been really during the chief"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2650.7999999999997,"endTime":2653.44,"body":"engineer for caterpillar at the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2650.7999999999997,"endTime":2653.44,"body":"time, and got to listen to him"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2653.44,"endTime":2655.9,"body":"describe what was going on with"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2653.44,"endTime":2655.9,"body":"the mission is about a year and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2655.9,"endTime":2658.39,"body":"a half in launch, why they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2655.9,"endTime":2658.39,"body":"wanted to bring me on board what"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2658.39,"endTime":2661.63,"body":"they wanted me to do. And I had"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2658.39,"endTime":2661.63,"body":"an opportunity to ask him some"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2661.63,"endTime":2664.5099999999998,"body":"things about his role, what it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2661.63,"endTime":2664.5099999999998,"body":"is that he was doing, what the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2664.5099999999998,"endTime":2668.44,"body":"rest of the team was like in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2664.5099999999998,"endTime":2668.44,"body":"project culture. Because when, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2668.44,"endTime":2670.5099999999998,"body":"mean, I was only on Kepler for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2668.44,"endTime":2670.5099999999998,"body":"two years, but I was on MRO for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2670.5099999999998,"endTime":2673.57,"body":"six, and then later GMO for"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2670.5099999999998,"endTime":2673.57,"body":"nine. And when you're in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2673.57,"endTime":2677.0499999999997,"body":"midst of a specific team of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2673.57,"endTime":2677.0499999999997,"body":"people for that longer period of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2677.0499999999997,"endTime":2679.7799999999997,"body":"time, and you're spending, you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2677.0499999999997,"endTime":2679.7799999999997,"body":"know, eight hours with these"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2679.7799999999997,"endTime":2682.48,"body":"folks every day more time than"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2679.7799999999997,"endTime":2682.48,"body":"you spend with your friends and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2682.48,"endTime":2685.66,"body":"family at home a lot of time,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2682.48,"endTime":2685.66,"body":"then you want it to be an"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2685.66,"endTime":2689.65,"body":"environment that you that you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2685.66,"endTime":2689.65,"body":"find. What's the word I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2689.65,"endTime":2694.7799999999997,"body":"looking for? You don't want it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2689.65,"endTime":2694.7799999999997,"body":"to sound good. We like to work"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2694.7799999999997,"endTime":2698.11,"body":"with good people who are"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2694.7799999999997,"endTime":2698.11,"body":"supportive of each other who"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2698.11,"endTime":2700.48,"body":"like to have a lot of fun,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2698.11,"endTime":2700.48,"body":"right? It's it makes a big"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2700.48,"endTime":2704.5,"body":"difference. I think that it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2700.48,"endTime":2704.5,"body":"easier for people to be creative"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2704.5299999999997,"endTime":2707.32,"body":"when they're in a VR environment"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2704.5299999999997,"endTime":2707.32,"body":"like that, and forces one that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2707.32,"endTime":2711.64,"body":"day like really don't want to be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2707.32,"endTime":2711.64,"body":"in all day long. And so I always"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2711.64,"endTime":2714.2799999999997,"body":"now when I'm about to go take on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2711.64,"endTime":2714.2799999999997,"body":"a different role. I go like talk"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2714.2799999999997,"endTime":2716.5,"body":"to various and sundry people on"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2714.2799999999997,"endTime":2716.5,"body":"the projects that I'm"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2716.5299999999997,"endTime":2719.5,"body":"considering going to just to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2716.5299999999997,"endTime":2719.5,"body":"feel out what it's like."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2720.22,"endTime":2723.04,"body":"Yeah. Talk to me a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2720.22,"endTime":2723.04,"body":"little bit about mental"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2723.04,"endTime":2726.82,"body":"fortitude. I mean, you have a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2723.04,"endTime":2726.82,"body":"stressful job. There is a lot"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2726.82,"endTime":2731.08,"body":"riding on decisions that you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2726.82,"endTime":2731.08,"body":"make. And I imagine that you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2731.08,"endTime":2734.38,"body":"feel a lot of stress at times,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2731.08,"endTime":2734.38,"body":"or at least I would if I were"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2734.38,"endTime":2737.56,"body":"you. And I think a lot of people"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2734.38,"endTime":2737.56,"body":"can probably identify with what"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2737.56,"endTime":2744.16,"body":"that feeling. Based on the role"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2737.56,"endTime":2744.16,"body":"that you have and and how your"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2744.19,"endTime":2747.31,"body":"career has progressed at NASA,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2744.19,"endTime":2747.31,"body":"I'm going to assume that you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2747.31,"endTime":2750.49,"body":"have gotten to be fairly good at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2747.31,"endTime":2750.49,"body":"dealing with that stress. Is"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2750.49,"endTime":2754.0299999999997,"body":"that attributable to just the"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2750.49,"endTime":2754.0299999999997,"body":"fact that you have really great"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2754.0299999999997,"endTime":2757.99,"body":"DNA, you got lucky? Or is this"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2754.0299999999997,"endTime":2757.99,"body":"like something that you have"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2758.08,"endTime":2761.0499999999997,"body":"intentionally a skill that"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2758.08,"endTime":2761.0499999999997,"body":"you've developed over time?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2761.11,"endTime":2762.5499999999997,"body":"Yeah, no, it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2761.11,"endTime":2762.5499999999997,"body":"actually the question in quite"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2762.5499999999997,"endTime":2766.84,"body":"that way before. So you know, I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2762.5499999999997,"endTime":2766.84,"body":"do think I was always one of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2766.84,"endTime":2771.73,"body":"those just disgustingly happy"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2766.84,"endTime":2771.73,"body":"kids. No way. Some of it is a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2771.73,"endTime":2774.46,"body":"little bit baked into my"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2771.73,"endTime":2774.46,"body":"personality. Right. But okay, so"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2774.46,"endTime":2776.83,"body":"and then I'll tell you in the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2774.46,"endTime":2776.83,"body":"middle of my career, what my"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2776.83,"endTime":2779.62,"body":"thought process is like is it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2776.83,"endTime":2779.62,"body":"has evolved recently in the last"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2779.62,"endTime":2785.0499999999997,"body":"year because I'll give you the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2779.62,"endTime":2785.0499999999997,"body":"background. So yes, there's a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2785.0499999999997,"endTime":2789.19,"body":"lot of stress. Right, because"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2785.0499999999997,"endTime":2789.19,"body":"you can put in years of your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2789.19,"endTime":2791.86,"body":"sweat, blood and tears and to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2789.19,"endTime":2791.86,"body":"try to get something to work,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2791.92,"endTime":2795.25,"body":"you have a launch window to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2791.92,"endTime":2795.25,"body":"make, right. And there's there's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2795.25,"endTime":2799.42,"body":"just a lot riding on what you're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2795.25,"endTime":2799.42,"body":"doing just in terms of money in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2799.42,"endTime":2801.67,"body":"terms of time in terms of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2799.42,"endTime":2801.67,"body":"prestige for the lab that you're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2801.67,"endTime":2804.7599999999998,"body":"working for, like you really"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2801.67,"endTime":2804.7599999999998,"body":"want it to work. And you can you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2804.7599999999998,"endTime":2807.34,"body":"can get a little crushed by that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2804.7599999999998,"endTime":2807.34,"body":"if you don't have the right"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2807.34,"endTime":2811.45,"body":"mentality. And so I tend to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2807.34,"endTime":2811.45,"body":"think about it this way. Yes,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2811.45,"endTime":2813.88,"body":"all those things are true. Yes,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2811.45,"endTime":2813.88,"body":"we want it to work. Yes, we will"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2813.88,"endTime":2816.85,"body":"work 80 hours when necessary in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2813.88,"endTime":2816.85,"body":"order to make it work. But it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2816.85,"endTime":2819.94,"body":"not open heart surgery, right,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2816.85,"endTime":2819.94,"body":"no one's gonna die on the table"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2819.94,"endTime":2822.73,"body":"if something goes horribly,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2819.94,"endTime":2822.73,"body":"horribly wrong. And for me,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2822.73,"endTime":2825.85,"body":"that's kind of a perspective to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2822.73,"endTime":2825.85,"body":"keep it from becoming something"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2825.85,"endTime":2828.22,"body":"that gives you ulcers or like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2825.85,"endTime":2828.22,"body":"raises or blood pressure too"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2828.22,"endTime":2831.07,"body":"high or anything like that. Now,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2828.22,"endTime":2831.07,"body":"I don't know what open heart"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2831.07,"endTime":2834.13,"body":"surgeons tell themselves in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2831.07,"endTime":2834.13,"body":"order to not be under that much"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2834.13,"endTime":2837.0099999999998,"body":"stress. But that is kind of one"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2834.13,"endTime":2837.0099999999998,"body":"of the perspectives that I tried"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2837.0099999999998,"endTime":2840.49,"body":"to keep personally. Now, when I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2837.0099999999998,"endTime":2840.49,"body":"joined the clipper project, it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2840.49,"endTime":2843.91,"body":"was really interesting, because"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2840.49,"endTime":2843.91,"body":"I came onto the project as the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2843.91,"endTime":2847.87,"body":"lead flight systems engineer"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2843.91,"endTime":2847.87,"body":"about six months before a major"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2847.87,"endTime":2851.29,"body":"review that we call our critical"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2847.87,"endTime":2851.29,"body":"design review, which is a five"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2851.29,"endTime":2854.95,"body":"day affair across the entire"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2851.29,"endTime":2854.95,"body":"project, where we have all of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2854.95,"endTime":2857.77,"body":"the different leads for the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2854.95,"endTime":2857.77,"body":"various and sundry areas, stand"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2857.77,"endTime":2860.83,"body":"up and talk about, here's what's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2857.77,"endTime":2860.83,"body":"going on with our design, here's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2860.83,"endTime":2862.7799999999997,"body":"our technical issues. This is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2860.83,"endTime":2862.7799999999997,"body":"why we think we're going to get"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2862.7799999999997,"endTime":2866.56,"body":"to the end game, right. And the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2862.7799999999997,"endTime":2866.56,"body":"point is to get a bunch of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2866.59,"endTime":2869.7999999999997,"body":"senior people from within the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2866.59,"endTime":2869.7999999999997,"body":"lab and external to the lab to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2869.83,"endTime":2872.5,"body":"look over things with a fine"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2869.83,"endTime":2872.5,"body":"tooth comb and help you find"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2872.5,"endTime":2875.47,"body":"things that you haven't thought"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2872.5,"endTime":2875.47,"body":"about that could become problems"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2875.47,"endTime":2878.29,"body":"that you need to be spending"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2875.47,"endTime":2878.29,"body":"some more time and attention. So"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2878.29,"endTime":2881.23,"body":"it really is a time where you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2878.29,"endTime":2881.23,"body":"want to air all the problems,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2881.2599999999998,"endTime":2884.14,"body":"all the major problems and make"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2881.2599999999998,"endTime":2884.14,"body":"sure that we're doing the right"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2884.14,"endTime":2888.37,"body":"thing. And with with the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2884.14,"endTime":2888.37,"body":"spacecraft as complex as clipper"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2888.37,"endTime":2890.83,"body":"or any of the missions that we"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2888.37,"endTime":2890.83,"body":"send, it's just it's an"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2890.89,"endTime":2895.84,"body":"incredible amount of information"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2890.89,"endTime":2895.84,"body":"just to understand periods, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2895.84,"endTime":2899.08,"body":"synthesize and then figure out"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2895.84,"endTime":2899.08,"body":"how to get it across to someone"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2899.08,"endTime":2902.92,"body":"in a coherent way. And also,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2899.08,"endTime":2902.92,"body":"make sure that you you have your"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2902.92,"endTime":2905.2,"body":"handle on all the things that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2902.92,"endTime":2905.2,"body":"you should have a handle on at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2905.2,"endTime":2908.23,"body":"that time. And it was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2905.2,"endTime":2908.23,"body":"challenging. I mean, COVID"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2908.23,"endTime":2911.08,"body":"started in March, I joined the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2908.23,"endTime":2911.08,"body":"project full time on july first"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2911.83,"endTime":2916.33,"body":"CDR was in there near the end of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2911.83,"endTime":2916.33,"body":"December. So it was just crazy"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2916.33,"endTime":2920.74,"body":"down. And I had never worked"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2916.33,"endTime":2920.74,"body":"that many hours, every day, week"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2920.74,"endTime":2924.16,"body":"after week. For my entire"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2920.74,"endTime":2924.16,"body":"career. Like it was just it was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2924.16,"endTime":2926.98,"body":"such a pressure cooker. And it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2924.16,"endTime":2926.98,"body":"was interesting because it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2926.98,"endTime":2931.57,"body":"actually made me go and, and do"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2926.98,"endTime":2931.57,"body":"a little more thinking about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2931.57,"endTime":2935.2,"body":"mindfulness, which is I mean,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2931.57,"endTime":2935.2,"body":"mindfulness is kind of becoming"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2935.23,"endTime":2938.23,"body":"more mainstream these days. But"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2935.23,"endTime":2938.23,"body":"I think about it this way, it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2938.23,"endTime":2943.6,"body":"a way of, of appreciating the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2938.23,"endTime":2943.6,"body":"present moment, no matter what"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2943.6,"endTime":2947.47,"body":"you're doing. And so instead of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2943.6,"endTime":2947.47,"body":"working those 80, sometimes 90,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2947.74,"endTime":2951.22,"body":"or what even more hour weeks"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2947.74,"endTime":2951.22,"body":"going, I just I need to get"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2951.22,"endTime":2954.82,"body":"through this until I can get to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2951.22,"endTime":2954.82,"body":"the point where I can relax, but"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2954.82,"endTime":2958.6,"body":"finding ways to find little"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2954.82,"endTime":2958.6,"body":"micro relaxations and like just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2958.6,"endTime":2962.0499999999997,"body":"breeze through through the day,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2958.6,"endTime":2962.0499999999997,"body":"right. And if you could just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2962.0499999999997,"endTime":2964.9,"body":"take a three minute break and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2962.0499999999997,"endTime":2964.9,"body":"figure out a way to be a little"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2964.9,"endTime":2968.77,"body":"more centered and do that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2964.9,"endTime":2968.77,"body":"perspective shifting, and not"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2968.77,"endTime":2972.97,"body":"feel like you're going to die."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2968.77,"endTime":2972.97,"body":"It's like it really put a fine"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2972.97,"endTime":2976.93,"body":"polish on my way of thinking"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2972.97,"endTime":2976.93,"body":"about it that way. And even if"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2976.99,"endTime":2979.21,"body":"there's there's so many things"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2976.99,"endTime":2979.21,"body":"technically that I'm able to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2979.21,"endTime":2981.43,"body":"contribute on this mission, that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2979.21,"endTime":2981.43,"body":"I'm learning from this mission,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2981.43,"endTime":2984.0099999999998,"body":"that I'm going to continue"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2981.43,"endTime":2984.0099999999998,"body":"learning as we go and get the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2984.0099999999998,"endTime":2987.85,"body":"spacecraft to launch and all the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2984.0099999999998,"endTime":2987.85,"body":"way out to Europa. But that's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2987.85,"endTime":2990.52,"body":"actually going to be one of my"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2987.85,"endTime":2990.52,"body":"main lessons learned from"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2990.52,"endTime":2993.5499999999997,"body":"spending time on this mission."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2990.52,"endTime":2993.5499999999997,"body":"And I didn't expect that at all,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2993.5499999999997,"endTime":2997.81,"body":"to be honest with you, is how to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2993.5499999999997,"endTime":2997.81,"body":"calm yourself. Yeah, it's how to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2997.81,"endTime":3001.71,"body":"how to, how do I say it and it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":2997.81,"endTime":3001.71,"body":"one of the things you say"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3001.71,"endTime":3004.47,"body":"paragraphs and paragraphs, but"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3001.71,"endTime":3004.47,"body":"it's hard to like, boil down to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3004.47,"endTime":3008.5499999999997,"body":"a specific sentence, but it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3004.47,"endTime":3008.5499999999997,"body":"how to be okay, and to still be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3008.5499999999997,"endTime":3012.27,"body":"enjoying the moment, even when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3008.5499999999997,"endTime":3012.27,"body":"you're in the midst of things"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3012.42,"endTime":3015.48,"body":"that otherwise might be very,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3012.42,"endTime":3015.48,"body":"very distressing. And I'll give"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3015.48,"endTime":3018.36,"body":"you an example. Right, when"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3015.48,"endTime":3018.36,"body":"you're presenting at CDR in"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3018.36,"endTime":3023.31,"body":"front of like, very senior"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3018.36,"endTime":3023.31,"body":"people remotely, but COVID, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3023.31,"endTime":3026.43,"body":"trying to articulate all the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3023.31,"endTime":3026.43,"body":"things that need to be said and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3026.43,"endTime":3028.71,"body":"the design trying to make sure"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3026.43,"endTime":3028.71,"body":"you're being clear so that they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3028.71,"endTime":3030.69,"body":"can give you the feedback you"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3028.71,"endTime":3030.69,"body":"need in order to do the right"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3030.69,"endTime":3033.36,"body":"thing. For people who aren't"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3030.69,"endTime":3033.36,"body":"fans of public thinking that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3033.36,"endTime":3037.02,"body":"could be kind of a terrifying"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3033.36,"endTime":3037.02,"body":"thing. But my perspective on it"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3037.02,"endTime":3039.6,"body":"was like this is the only time"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3037.02,"endTime":3039.6,"body":"in my career that I'm going to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3039.6,"endTime":3042.63,"body":"get to be the lead flight system"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3039.6,"endTime":3042.63,"body":"engineer, leading the team,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3042.66,"endTime":3044.34,"body":"leading my flight system"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3042.66,"endTime":3044.34,"body":"engineering team through a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3044.34,"endTime":3046.47,"body":"critical design review, like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3044.34,"endTime":3046.47,"body":"this is it like and even if it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3046.47,"endTime":3048.33,"body":"stressful, just enjoy it,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3046.47,"endTime":3048.33,"body":"because it's never gonna come"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3048.33,"endTime":3052.56,"body":"back again, and turn that piece"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3048.33,"endTime":3052.56,"body":"of your brain on as a way to be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3052.56,"endTime":3054.96,"body":"in a more healthy headspace"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3052.56,"endTime":3054.96,"body":"while getting through it."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3055.29,"endTime":3058.08,"body":"Yeah, that's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3055.29,"endTime":3058.08,"body":"fantastic. Are there any other"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3058.08,"endTime":3061.5299999999997,"body":"tools or strategies that you use"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3058.08,"endTime":3061.5299999999997,"body":"to kind of calm yourself down"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3061.5299999999997,"endTime":3064.2,"body":"and allow yourself to see I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3061.5299999999997,"endTime":3064.2,"body":"don't know the the silver"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3064.2,"endTime":3065.16,"body":"lining, so to speak?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3066.69,"endTime":3068.97,"body":"You know, I think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3066.69,"endTime":3068.97,"body":"one of the things because I'm a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3068.97,"endTime":3072.24,"body":"systems engineer and like a huge"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3068.97,"endTime":3072.24,"body":"part of our job is not just all"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3072.24,"endTime":3075.18,"body":"the technical details and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3072.24,"endTime":3075.18,"body":"solving the problems and making"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3075.18,"endTime":3080.34,"body":"the right choices, but it's also"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3075.18,"endTime":3080.34,"body":"seeing the full context around"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3080.34,"endTime":3083.58,"body":"those choices. And it's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3080.34,"endTime":3083.58,"body":"surprising to me how sometimes,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3083.79,"endTime":3086.34,"body":"a lot of the things that we're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3083.79,"endTime":3086.34,"body":"doing depends on heavily on the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3086.34,"endTime":3089.94,"body":"people who are involved. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3086.34,"endTime":3089.94,"body":"it's not it's not only about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3089.94,"endTime":3092.31,"body":"personalities, right, I think"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3089.94,"endTime":3092.31,"body":"I've been very fortunate over my"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3092.31,"endTime":3095.31,"body":"entire career to work on teams"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3092.31,"endTime":3095.31,"body":"where the people mesh very well."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3095.49,"endTime":3098.4,"body":"But it's also just about"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3095.49,"endTime":3098.4,"body":"communication styles. There can"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3098.4,"endTime":3100.83,"body":"be times where we're in a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3098.4,"endTime":3100.83,"body":"meeting, we have several options"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3100.83,"endTime":3103.35,"body":"on the table, we're trying to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3100.83,"endTime":3103.35,"body":"figure out the right one, maybe"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3103.35,"endTime":3105.72,"body":"we're under the gun in terms of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3103.35,"endTime":3105.72,"body":"time pressure, maybe we're"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3105.72,"endTime":3107.7,"body":"freaking out because there's"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3105.72,"endTime":3107.7,"body":"some serious technical risk"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3107.7,"endTime":3109.71,"body":"associated with them. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3107.7,"endTime":3109.71,"body":"people's blood pressure can get"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3109.71,"endTime":3114.66,"body":"a little elevated. And it can be"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3109.71,"endTime":3114.66,"body":"really difficult to make a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3114.69,"endTime":3117.84,"body":"choice because there's a lot"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3114.69,"endTime":3117.84,"body":"riding the line sometimes. And I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3117.84,"endTime":3121.47,"body":"think it's important to remind"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3117.84,"endTime":3121.47,"body":"myself and to, like, verbally"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3121.47,"endTime":3124.35,"body":"remind the people on the team,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3121.47,"endTime":3124.35,"body":"we are all trying to do the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3124.35,"endTime":3127.32,"body":"right thing. We're all trying to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3124.35,"endTime":3127.32,"body":"get to the right goal. We all"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3127.32,"endTime":3130.35,"body":"want a spacecraft that works. We"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3127.32,"endTime":3130.35,"body":"can't do 10 of these options. We"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3130.35,"endTime":3134.1,"body":"literally have to pick one. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3130.35,"endTime":3134.1,"body":"and I think realigning people"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3134.1,"endTime":3138.6,"body":"that way so that people don't"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3134.1,"endTime":3138.6,"body":"get so emotionally attached to a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3138.6,"endTime":3143.04,"body":"single solution when multiple"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3138.6,"endTime":3143.04,"body":"solutions could actually work is"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3143.04,"endTime":3145.92,"body":"important because it can knock"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3143.04,"endTime":3145.92,"body":"some of that unnecessary stress"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3145.92,"endTime":3149.13,"body":"off the edge while we're just"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3145.92,"endTime":3149.13,"body":"trying to get some get a get a"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3149.13,"endTime":3149.73,"body":"decision made."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3150.16,"endTime":3153.19,"body":"Yeah, yeah. Great"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3150.16,"endTime":3153.19,"body":"advice. Well, I have just one"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3153.19,"endTime":3155.38,"body":"more question for you. This one"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3153.19,"endTime":3155.38,"body":"I think is going to be kind of a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3155.38,"endTime":3159.79,"body":"fun one. William Shatner or Star"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3155.38,"endTime":3159.79,"body":"Trek's original Captain Kirk and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3159.79,"endTime":3163.36,"body":"also Michelle Nichols, Star"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3159.79,"endTime":3163.36,"body":"Trek's Lieutenant Lieutenant"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3163.39,"endTime":3168.52,"body":"Uhura visited you and JPL at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3163.39,"endTime":3168.52,"body":"some point in the past. What"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3168.5499999999997,"endTime":3169.6,"body":"what was that like?"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3169.63,"endTime":3171.7599999999998,"body":"Yeah, I love that."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3169.63,"endTime":3171.7599999999998,"body":"You said they did it to me. They"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3171.7599999999998,"endTime":3172.33,"body":"came to see me."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3173.59,"endTime":3176.17,"body":"Right, they"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3173.59,"endTime":3176.17,"body":"stopped by JPL as well."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3176.2599999999998,"endTime":3180.04,"body":"That's exactly,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3176.2599999999998,"endTime":3180.04,"body":"yeah, insanely fortunate to get"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3180.04,"endTime":3182.89,"body":"to see them while they were at"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3180.04,"endTime":3182.89,"body":"the lab. And because I cut my"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3182.89,"endTime":3185.7999999999997,"body":"science fiction baby teeth,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3182.89,"endTime":3185.7999999999997,"body":"sitting next to my mom watching"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3185.7999999999997,"endTime":3190.33,"body":"the original Star Trek. Just how"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3185.7999999999997,"endTime":3190.33,"body":"just insane It was. It was the"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3190.33,"endTime":3192.85,"body":"coolest. And I was so I was such"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3190.33,"endTime":3192.85,"body":"a fangirl. I wasn't even"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3192.85,"endTime":3194.74,"body":"embarrassed about them, they"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3192.85,"endTime":3194.74,"body":"could take a picture with you."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3196.54,"endTime":3200.7999999999997,"body":"And I love that they were both"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3196.54,"endTime":3200.7999999999997,"body":"just very gracious people. And I"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3200.7999999999997,"endTime":3203.14,"body":"know they've had a lot of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3200.7999999999997,"endTime":3203.14,"body":"practice dealing with fans, and"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3203.14,"endTime":3205.27,"body":"it's cool for them to come to"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3203.14,"endTime":3205.27,"body":"the lab. I'm not gonna lie. Did"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3205.27,"endTime":3209.08,"body":"you really work there? Yeah. And"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3205.27,"endTime":3209.08,"body":"so I think it was it was really,"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3209.11,"endTime":3212.08,"body":"I think charming to find"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3209.11,"endTime":3212.08,"body":"ourselves in a mutual"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3212.08,"endTime":3214.87,"body":"appreciation, that kind of"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3212.08,"endTime":3214.87,"body":"environment, which was just like"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3214.9,"endTime":3218.77,"body":"I was on the floor die. Because"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3214.9,"endTime":3218.77,"body":"they love the work that we do."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3218.77,"endTime":3221.77,"body":"And I still love the things that"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3218.77,"endTime":3221.77,"body":"they had done back in the Star"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3221.77,"endTime":3225.43,"body":"Trek land. So it was it was"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3221.77,"endTime":3225.43,"body":"magical, like, marvelous."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3226.0299999999997,"endTime":3229.2999999999997,"body":"How cool. Well,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3226.0299999999997,"endTime":3229.2999999999997,"body":"that's just terrific. Tracy,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3229.2999999999997,"endTime":3233.02,"body":"thank you so much for spending"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3229.2999999999997,"endTime":3233.02,"body":"some time today. You have been a"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3233.02,"endTime":3236.29,"body":"delight to speak with and I"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3233.02,"endTime":3236.29,"body":"really, really appreciate you"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3236.29,"endTime":3239.38,"body":"taking time out of your crazy"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3236.29,"endTime":3239.38,"body":"hectic schedule to make some"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3239.38,"endTime":3241.27,"body":"time for the podcast."},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3241.27,"endTime":3242.23,"body":"Absolutely. My"},{"speaker":"Tracy Drain","startTime":3241.27,"endTime":3242.23,"body":"pleasure."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3245.77,"endTime":3249.22,"body":"I'm Aaron Moncur,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3245.77,"endTime":3249.22,"body":"founder of Pipeline Design and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3249.22,"endTime":3252.25,"body":"Engineering. If you liked what"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3249.22,"endTime":3252.25,"body":"you heard today, please share"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3252.25,"endTime":3255.79,"body":"the episode. To learn how your"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3252.25,"endTime":3255.79,"body":"team can leverage our team's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3255.82,"endTime":3259.54,"body":"expertise developing turnkey"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3255.82,"endTime":3259.54,"body":"equipment, custom fixtures and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3259.57,"endTime":3263.59,"body":"automated machines and with"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3259.57,"endTime":3263.59,"body":"product design, visit us at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3263.59,"endTime":3266.65,"body":"teampipeline.us. Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":3263.59,"endTime":3266.65,"body":"listening"}]}