{"version":"1.0.0","segments":[{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":0.75,"endTime":4.14,"body":"The Being An Engineer"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":0.75,"endTime":4.14,"body":"Podcast is a repository for"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":4.14,"endTime":7.32,"body":"industry knowledge and a tool"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":4.14,"endTime":7.32,"body":"through which engineers learn"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":7.32,"endTime":11.34,"body":"about and connect with relevant"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":7.32,"endTime":11.34,"body":"companies technologies, people"},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":11.34,"endTime":15.24,"body":"resources, and opportunities."},{"speaker":"Presenter","startTime":11.34,"endTime":15.24,"body":"Enjoy the show"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":16.05,"endTime":18.09,"body":"You have a lot"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":16.05,"endTime":18.09,"body":"of freedom on the geometry you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":18.09,"endTime":18.75,"body":"can produce."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":32.49,"endTime":35.19,"body":"Hello, everyone,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":32.49,"endTime":35.19,"body":"welcome to the Being An Engineer"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":35.19,"endTime":39.54,"body":"Podcast. I am your co-host,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":35.19,"endTime":39.54,"body":"Rafael Testai. Today we got"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":39.54,"endTime":44.34,"body":"another very special guest"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":39.54,"endTime":44.34,"body":"Hardik Kabria, and he is a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":44.34,"endTime":47.76,"body":"director of software engineering"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":44.34,"endTime":47.76,"body":"at Carbon. In this role, he"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":47.76,"endTime":51.36,"body":"leads the development of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":47.76,"endTime":51.36,"body":"Carbon's design engine, he works"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":51.36,"endTime":55.14,"body":"in a variety of computational"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":51.36,"endTime":55.14,"body":"geometry and mechanic mechanics"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":55.14,"endTime":59.25,"body":"algorithms, including surface"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":55.14,"endTime":59.25,"body":"and volumetric parameterization"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":59.52,"endTime":63.27,"body":"parameterizing, topology"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":59.52,"endTime":63.27,"body":"changes, working with implicit"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":63.48,"endTime":66.72,"body":"neural representation of 3D"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":63.48,"endTime":66.72,"body":"geometry. And if by all means,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":66.75,"endTime":69.66,"body":"as I'm reading this description"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":66.75,"endTime":69.66,"body":"if your listeners if the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":69.66,"endTime":72.24,"body":"listeners are wondering what"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":69.66,"endTime":72.24,"body":"some of these terms mean, we're"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":72.24,"endTime":76.44,"body":"gonna go over them rest assured,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":72.24,"endTime":76.44,"body":"linear algebra mix integer"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":76.44,"endTime":80.91,"body":"solvers, PDE, constrained"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":76.44,"endTime":80.91,"body":"optimization tools, and physical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":80.91,"endTime":84.27,"body":"simulations based on finite"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":80.91,"endTime":84.27,"body":"element framework. Before"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":84.27,"endTime":88.68,"body":"Carbon, he completed his PhD at"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":84.27,"endTime":88.68,"body":"Stanford University in the field"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":88.68,"endTime":93.03,"body":"of gender generating tetrahedral"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":88.68,"endTime":93.03,"body":"descritization, for changing"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":93.03,"endTime":95.85,"body":"geometries and evolving"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":93.03,"endTime":95.85,"body":"topologies. Sounds like I'm"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":95.85,"endTime":98.94,"body":"going to be speaking with"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":95.85,"endTime":98.94,"body":"someone extremely smart. Hardik,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":98.94,"endTime":99.84,"body":"welcome to the show."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":100.44,"endTime":101.31,"body":"Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":100.44,"endTime":101.31,"body":"having me."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":101.82,"endTime":104.04,"body":"Absolutely. So"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":101.82,"endTime":104.04,"body":"why don't you tell us a little"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":104.04,"endTime":107.4,"body":"bit about yourself? How did you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":104.04,"endTime":107.4,"body":"decide to be an engineer? What's"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":107.4,"endTime":108.0,"body":"your story?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":108.72,"endTime":112.05,"body":"Oh, how did I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":108.72,"endTime":112.05,"body":"decide to be an engineer, I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":112.05,"endTime":116.1,"body":"cannot even think of one sort of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":112.05,"endTime":116.1,"body":"point in time where that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":116.1,"endTime":120.75,"body":"decision may have happened. But"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":116.1,"endTime":120.75,"body":"it very early on. In my age, I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":120.75,"endTime":124.8,"body":"was quite interested in paper"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":120.75,"endTime":124.8,"body":"airplanes. Had I remember having"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":124.8,"endTime":127.95,"body":"a book where there were like 100"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":124.8,"endTime":127.95,"body":"different designs you could"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":127.95,"endTime":132.12,"body":"make, made a sort of a project"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":127.95,"endTime":132.12,"body":"out of it. And that got me"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":132.12,"endTime":135.15,"body":"interested in being an engineer,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":132.12,"endTime":135.15,"body":"especially something related to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":135.15,"endTime":139.47,"body":"mechanical aerospace. I didn't"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":135.15,"endTime":139.47,"body":"end up going in exactly any of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":139.47,"endTime":145.65,"body":"those places. And fast forward"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":139.47,"endTime":145.65,"body":"did my bachelor's in mechanical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":145.65,"endTime":150.45,"body":"engineering in India, and that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":145.65,"endTime":150.45,"body":"led to a Master's and PhD here"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":150.78,"endTime":153.87,"body":"at Stanford, and I've moved"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":150.78,"endTime":153.87,"body":"around Clearbit started in"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":153.87,"endTime":157.08,"body":"mechanical engineering, then the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":153.87,"endTime":157.08,"body":"got interested quite a bit in"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":157.08,"endTime":162.93,"body":"computational geometry. Did my"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":157.08,"endTime":162.93,"body":"PhD focus on that? And, and then"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":163.02,"endTime":166.47,"body":"the rest is history, 'sort of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":163.02,"endTime":166.47,"body":"became a software engineer in"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":166.47,"endTime":169.62,"body":"that space with Carbon since"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":166.47,"endTime":169.62,"body":"2015."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":170.67,"endTime":173.97,"body":"Okay, so as I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":170.67,"endTime":173.97,"body":"said before, I'm going to start"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":174.0,"endTime":179.79,"body":"defining your complex definition"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":174.0,"endTime":179.79,"body":"that you have on LinkedIn, your"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":179.79,"endTime":184.74,"body":"biography, piece by piece, so we"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":179.79,"endTime":184.74,"body":"can put it all together. So you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":184.74,"endTime":187.56,"body":"work at Carbon, could you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":184.74,"endTime":187.56,"body":"explain to our audience who"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":187.56,"endTime":188.67,"body":"Carbon is and what you do?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":189.05,"endTime":193.1,"body":"Sure. So Carbon"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":189.05,"endTime":193.1,"body":"is a 3D printing company. In a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":193.1,"endTime":196.04,"body":"little bit more elaborate way,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":193.1,"endTime":196.04,"body":"we have created a new,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":196.85,"endTime":200.3,"body":"fundamental way to manufacture"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":196.85,"endTime":200.3,"body":"products within the realm of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":200.3,"endTime":203.75,"body":"additive manufacturing, a new"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":200.3,"endTime":203.75,"body":"process we call digital life"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":203.75,"endTime":207.92,"body":"synthesis. So we create this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":203.75,"endTime":207.92,"body":"hardware, which is the printer,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":208.4,"endTime":212.66,"body":"we are the inventor of the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":208.4,"endTime":212.66,"body":"process. And we also invent the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":212.66,"endTime":216.08,"body":"chemistry, which are the resins"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":212.66,"endTime":216.08,"body":"that you can use on this printer"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":216.38,"endTime":219.89,"body":"to create parts. sort of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":216.38,"endTime":219.89,"body":"fundamentally different thing is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":219.89,"endTime":222.5,"body":"our process is innovative. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":219.89,"endTime":222.5,"body":"you can print things"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":222.65,"endTime":227.99,"body":"significantly faster. These are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":222.65,"endTime":227.99,"body":"all polymers, so plastics. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":227.99,"endTime":231.47,"body":"because we can print faster, we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":227.99,"endTime":231.47,"body":"have allowed ourselves to use"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":231.47,"endTime":236.36,"body":"certain chemistry that enables"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":231.47,"endTime":236.36,"body":"us to create parts that have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":236.36,"endTime":239.63,"body":"high end properties. That means"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":236.36,"endTime":239.63,"body":"it is not just for prototyping,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":239.87,"endTime":244.04,"body":"it is for manufacturing. Fast"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":239.87,"endTime":244.04,"body":"forward a few years we have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":244.61,"endTime":247.22,"body":"there are several high profile"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":244.61,"endTime":247.22,"body":"customers that are using our"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":247.22,"endTime":251.9,"body":"technology. Suddenly, printer"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":247.22,"endTime":251.9,"body":"resin, and software that drives"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":251.9,"endTime":255.62,"body":"the printer all together to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":251.9,"endTime":255.62,"body":"create parts like reverse"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":255.62,"endTime":259.61,"body":"creates midsoles and these are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":255.62,"endTime":259.61,"body":"at scale, in manufacturing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":259.61,"endTime":263.48,"body":"environment, in factories, and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":259.61,"endTime":263.48,"body":"these parts are real so that you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":263.48,"endTime":267.11,"body":"can buy that from the consumers"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":263.48,"endTime":267.11,"body":"website like you can buy the 3D"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":267.11,"endTime":270.98,"body":"printed midsole powered shoes"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":267.11,"endTime":270.98,"body":"from Adidas website. So that's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":270.98,"endTime":275.69,"body":"in a nutshell company carbon. We"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":270.98,"endTime":275.69,"body":"work at the intersection of saw"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":275.69,"endTime":279.32,"body":"hardware, software and material"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":275.69,"endTime":279.32,"body":"science, as I alluded to before,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":279.71,"endTime":284.93,"body":"my role was in software team."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":279.71,"endTime":284.93,"body":"Within that we early on, we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":284.93,"endTime":289.31,"body":"realized that one of the ways we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":284.93,"endTime":289.31,"body":"can accelerate how mechanical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":289.31,"endTime":292.7,"body":"engineers find more and more"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":289.31,"endTime":292.7,"body":"applications that will be"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":292.7,"endTime":296.42,"body":"manufactured in our printer is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":292.7,"endTime":296.42,"body":"we give them access to ways of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":296.42,"endTime":299.93,"body":"designing for additive"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":296.42,"endTime":299.93,"body":"manufacturing. Just like you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":300.56,"endTime":302.63,"body":"injection molding is a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":300.56,"endTime":302.63,"body":"manufacturing processes very"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":302.63,"endTime":306.14,"body":"mature, there are many software"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":302.63,"endTime":306.14,"body":"tools around around the world"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":306.14,"endTime":309.98,"body":"that can help engineer design"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":306.14,"endTime":309.98,"body":"the parts that are right for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":310.07,"endTime":314.03,"body":"them that can be produced"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":310.07,"endTime":314.03,"body":"robustly with a high yield. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":314.03,"endTime":317.54,"body":"without any error using"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":314.03,"endTime":317.54,"body":"injection molding processes new"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":317.57,"endTime":322.01,"body":"so it has its own constraints,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":317.57,"endTime":322.01,"body":"it has its own freedom. So we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":322.01,"endTime":326.75,"body":"wanted to create a design engine"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":322.01,"endTime":326.75,"body":"or design tool that specifically"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":326.75,"endTime":329.33,"body":"takes advantage of the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":326.75,"endTime":329.33,"body":"manufacturing process that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":329.33,"endTime":333.71,"body":"carbon had invented. Even more"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":329.33,"endTime":333.71,"body":"specific, we thought lattice"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":333.71,"endTime":338.06,"body":"structures are this structure"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":333.71,"endTime":338.06,"body":"that or architecture that can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":338.09,"endTime":341.21,"body":"lead to very phenomenal or"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":338.09,"endTime":341.21,"body":"fascinating mechanical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":341.21,"endTime":346.82,"body":"properties compared to a form or"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":341.21,"endTime":346.82,"body":"income burned material. And so"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":346.82,"endTime":349.43,"body":"if we give access to these"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":346.82,"endTime":349.43,"body":"lattice structures as a meta"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":349.43,"endTime":351.95,"body":"materials to mechanical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":349.43,"endTime":351.95,"body":"engineers, they will be able to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":351.95,"endTime":355.79,"body":"design cards that will have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":351.95,"endTime":355.79,"body":"superior performance compared to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":355.79,"endTime":358.31,"body":"incumbents, and hence, they"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":355.79,"endTime":358.31,"body":"might be interested in designing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":358.31,"endTime":361.91,"body":"this way. So that started the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":358.31,"endTime":361.91,"body":"idea of creating the protocol"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":361.91,"endTime":366.68,"body":"design engine. As we know today,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":361.91,"endTime":366.68,"body":"I was the first engineer on the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":366.68,"endTime":367.19,"body":"team."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":367.88,"endTime":370.91,"body":"Before we go into"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":367.88,"endTime":370.91,"body":"that, you just unloaded a lot of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":370.91,"endTime":371.6,"body":"information"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":371.6,"endTime":371.69,"body":"Yes"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":371.69,"endTime":373.34,"body":"Can I ask you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":371.69,"endTime":373.34,"body":"some follow ups before we go"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":373.34,"endTime":374.21,"body":"into the details?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":374.0,"endTime":374.66,"body":"Please, please."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":374.69,"endTime":377.03,"body":"Okay, so if I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":374.69,"endTime":377.03,"body":"understand correctly, just to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":377.03,"endTime":381.53,"body":"recap, Carbon, it's a 3D"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":377.03,"endTime":381.53,"body":"printing company, not only you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":381.53,"endTime":386.3,"body":"make the printers, but you make"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":381.53,"endTime":386.3,"body":"a a filament or a typo."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":387.14,"endTime":391.49,"body":"So yes, it's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":387.14,"endTime":391.49,"body":"basically liquid resin, and that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":391.52,"endTime":395.93,"body":"the printer shines a UV light on"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":391.52,"endTime":395.93,"body":"it. And that starts a chemical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":395.93,"endTime":398.63,"body":"reaction that converts the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":395.93,"endTime":398.63,"body":"liquid into solid."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":399.29,"endTime":402.77,"body":"Okay, and then"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":399.29,"endTime":402.77,"body":"once it solidifies, then you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":402.77,"endTime":406.1,"body":"produce some very special"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":402.77,"endTime":406.1,"body":"properties, you said that could"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":406.1,"endTime":408.98,"body":"be used as soles of shoes, is"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":406.1,"endTime":408.98,"body":"that right?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":409.32,"endTime":411.99,"body":"Yes. So this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":409.32,"endTime":411.99,"body":"part is just about the process."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":412.02,"endTime":414.66,"body":"So the process is rather, you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":412.02,"endTime":414.66,"body":"can think about it in a very"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":414.66,"endTime":417.72,"body":"simple way, wherever you shine"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":414.66,"endTime":417.72,"body":"the light, the liquid becomes"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":417.72,"endTime":420.54,"body":"solid. So our printer is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":417.72,"endTime":420.54,"body":"basically a very fancy"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":420.54,"endTime":426.3,"body":"projector, where the UV light is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":420.54,"endTime":426.3,"body":"shining this light in particular"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":426.3,"endTime":429.9,"body":"places where the liquid turns"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":426.3,"endTime":429.9,"body":"into solid. The beautiful thing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":429.9,"endTime":432.81,"body":"about that is you have a lot of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":429.9,"endTime":432.81,"body":"freedom on the geometry you can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":432.81,"endTime":435.51,"body":"produce. That means you can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":432.81,"endTime":435.51,"body":"produce really complicated"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":435.51,"endTime":438.93,"body":"geometry using this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":435.51,"endTime":438.93,"body":"manufacturing method compared to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":438.93,"endTime":442.47,"body":"what you might do with other"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":438.93,"endTime":442.47,"body":"traditional methods of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":442.47,"endTime":446.52,"body":"manufacturing. So I'll pause"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":442.47,"endTime":446.52,"body":"there first. And if that makes"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":446.52,"endTime":449.82,"body":"sense, I can elaborate further"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":446.52,"endTime":449.82,"body":"on why lattice structures could"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":449.82,"endTime":451.44,"body":"play an important role in that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":449.82,"endTime":451.44,"body":"argument."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":451.93,"endTime":453.94,"body":"That was actually"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":451.93,"endTime":453.94,"body":"going to be my next follow up"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":453.94,"endTime":456.64,"body":"question because I design in"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":453.94,"endTime":456.64,"body":"SolidWorks"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":456.64,"endTime":456.7,"body":"Yeah"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":456.73,"endTime":460.15,"body":"And I use"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":456.73,"endTime":460.15,"body":"Markforged a lot here at"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":460.15,"endTime":462.91,"body":"Pipeline, teampipeline.us, where"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":460.15,"endTime":462.91,"body":"I work at, the sponsor of this"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":462.91,"endTime":467.62,"body":"podcast. And we always think"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":462.91,"endTime":467.62,"body":"about the 45 degree angles that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":467.62,"endTime":470.92,"body":"we need to use in order to avoid"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":467.62,"endTime":470.92,"body":"using supports in additive. So"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":470.92,"endTime":475.03,"body":"how is designing it for carbon"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":470.92,"endTime":475.03,"body":"different than that?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":475.42,"endTime":479.11,"body":"So in some ways,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":475.42,"endTime":479.11,"body":"it certainly is similar, that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":479.11,"endTime":482.2,"body":"you do need support if there are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":479.11,"endTime":482.2,"body":"big overhangs or islands as we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":482.2,"endTime":486.34,"body":"like to call it. But our process"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":482.2,"endTime":486.34,"body":"is also a little bit more"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":486.34,"endTime":490.18,"body":"complicated. Because we have a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":486.34,"endTime":490.18,"body":"pool of resin out of which"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":490.18,"endTime":492.94,"body":"you're pulling the part out. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":490.18,"endTime":492.94,"body":"you can create a lot of suction"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":492.94,"endTime":496.39,"body":"pressure at the same time, there"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":492.94,"endTime":496.39,"body":"is heat being generated by this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":496.39,"endTime":501.67,"body":"chemical reaction, so the parts"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":496.39,"endTime":501.67,"body":"could warp as well. So we have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":501.67,"endTime":505.15,"body":"created design guidelines, that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":501.67,"endTime":505.15,"body":"is accessible to all the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":505.15,"endTime":508.63,"body":"engineers in carbon sequel"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":505.15,"endTime":508.63,"body":"systems that help them design"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":508.63,"endTime":511.87,"body":"the part or maybe alter the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":508.63,"endTime":511.87,"body":"design. So that's sort of at the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":511.87,"endTime":514.66,"body":"high level, yes, this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":511.87,"endTime":514.66,"body":"manufacturing process that lives"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":514.69,"endTime":517.87,"body":"any anything else has its own"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":514.69,"endTime":517.87,"body":"constraints, and it has its own"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":517.87,"endTime":521.5,"body":"freedom. The biggest freedom I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":517.87,"endTime":521.5,"body":"think is you, just like you may"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":521.5,"endTime":524.53,"body":"have experienced with Markforged"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":521.5,"endTime":524.53,"body":"or any other printer is that the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":524.53,"endTime":527.83,"body":"you can create very complicated"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":524.53,"endTime":527.83,"body":"structures and one of the things"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":527.83,"endTime":530.53,"body":"that academics in this area has"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":527.83,"endTime":530.53,"body":"been excited about is lattice"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":530.53,"endTime":531.1,"body":"structures."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":532.33,"endTime":533.5,"body":"Lattice"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":532.33,"endTime":533.5,"body":"structures? What's that?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":533.68,"endTime":537.07,"body":"Yeah, and I want"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":533.68,"endTime":537.07,"body":"to define a little bit. So,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":537.91,"endTime":542.56,"body":"lattice structures are basically"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":537.91,"endTime":542.56,"body":"a repeated pattern that you can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":542.56,"endTime":549.82,"body":"fill the 3D area with. And each"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":542.56,"endTime":549.82,"body":"structure has a unique shape,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":550.18,"endTime":553.33,"body":"right. So, you can say a few few"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":550.18,"endTime":553.33,"body":"cylindrical beams coming"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":553.33,"endTime":557.65,"body":"together is one structure and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":553.33,"endTime":557.65,"body":"depending upon the size of the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":557.65,"endTime":562.57,"body":"beam, the angle of the beam and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":557.65,"endTime":562.57,"body":"the diameter and how they"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":562.57,"endTime":565.93,"body":"connect together depending upon"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":562.57,"endTime":565.93,"body":"how low how much load you apply,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":565.93,"endTime":568.75,"body":"it may perform or bend"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":565.93,"endTime":568.75,"body":"differently, right. So that's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":568.75,"endTime":573.73,"body":"sort of our simple mechanics"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":568.75,"endTime":573.73,"body":"ideas. Given the 3d printing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":573.94,"endTime":577.09,"body":"technique, like manufacturing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":573.94,"endTime":577.09,"body":"process, we have can allow for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":577.09,"endTime":580.9,"body":"very complicated structures to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":577.09,"endTime":580.9,"body":"be manufactured, you can really"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":580.9,"endTime":583.66,"body":"take the idea to the top that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":580.9,"endTime":583.66,"body":"basically means you can define"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":583.66,"endTime":586.57,"body":"more and more complicated"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":583.66,"endTime":586.57,"body":"structures and still the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":586.66,"endTime":590.71,"body":"manufacturing process can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":586.66,"endTime":590.71,"body":"successfully produce them at"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":590.71,"endTime":594.49,"body":"yield with the right amount of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":590.71,"endTime":594.49,"body":"repeatability and all the other"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":594.49,"endTime":597.61,"body":"things that come with"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":594.49,"endTime":597.61,"body":"manufacturing process. So that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":597.61,"endTime":601.87,"body":"has given birth to this idea of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":597.61,"endTime":601.87,"body":"design. Based on lattices, then"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":601.87,"endTime":604.72,"body":"by any means, I wouldn't say"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":601.87,"endTime":604.72,"body":"that carbon is the one that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":604.72,"endTime":609.19,"body":"introduced it. lattice structure"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":604.72,"endTime":609.19,"body":"based design, I would say has"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":609.19,"endTime":616.24,"body":"been studied in academia since"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":609.19,"endTime":616.24,"body":"1980s. But it hasn't really led"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":616.24,"endTime":619.78,"body":"to a plastic product that is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":616.24,"endTime":619.78,"body":"available specifically in"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":619.78,"endTime":624.46,"body":"consumer world that is designed"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":619.78,"endTime":624.46,"body":"based on larger structures. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":624.79,"endTime":627.64,"body":"it's available to people. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":624.79,"endTime":627.64,"body":"it's available to mass that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":627.64,"endTime":630.55,"body":"means it's manufactured at"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":627.64,"endTime":630.55,"body":"scale. So I would say that is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":630.55,"endTime":635.56,"body":"something that carbon did it"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":630.55,"endTime":635.56,"body":"first. And the example is one of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":635.56,"endTime":639.97,"body":"the example is the midsole that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":635.56,"endTime":639.97,"body":"is created in partnership with"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":639.97,"endTime":644.26,"body":"Adidas. So midsole traditionally"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":639.97,"endTime":644.26,"body":"is done with form, you have a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":644.26,"endTime":647.56,"body":"form that does the job of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":644.26,"endTime":647.56,"body":"cushioning and giving support to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":648.22,"endTime":650.65,"body":"the person that is running or"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":648.22,"endTime":650.65,"body":"standing or walking in the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":650.65,"endTime":655.72,"body":"shoes. In this case, that form"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":650.65,"endTime":655.72,"body":"part is replaced with a set of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":655.72,"endTime":659.65,"body":"structures, which are repeated"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":655.72,"endTime":659.65,"body":"structures. These are engineered"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":659.65,"endTime":663.34,"body":"structure, they're supposed to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":659.65,"endTime":663.34,"body":"do a particular job. That means"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":663.58,"endTime":666.67,"body":"you can engineer them to your"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":663.58,"endTime":666.67,"body":"liking, you can say that if I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":666.67,"endTime":669.97,"body":"compress it from the top, it's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":666.67,"endTime":669.97,"body":"going to propel towards forward."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":670.24,"endTime":673.48,"body":"So that means it gives you sort"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":670.24,"endTime":673.48,"body":"of a positive kickoff or"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":673.48,"endTime":676.15,"body":"momentum or boost. You can"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":676.99,"endTime":679.42,"body":"You mean, in"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":676.99,"endTime":679.42,"body":"performance, in sports, wouldn't"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":679.42,"endTime":681.85,"body":"that be cheating? Just playing"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":679.42,"endTime":681.85,"body":"devil's advocate."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":682.84,"endTime":687.64,"body":"So 100% I cannot"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":682.84,"endTime":687.64,"body":"talk about how a particular body"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":687.64,"endTime":691.03,"body":"of sports could think about"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":687.64,"endTime":691.03,"body":"performance of any particular"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":691.03,"endTime":696.58,"body":"product. As a technologist, what"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":691.03,"endTime":696.58,"body":"I think about is, what we want"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":696.58,"endTime":700.36,"body":"to do is you have a set amount"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":696.58,"endTime":700.36,"body":"of space, how thick a midsole"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":700.36,"endTime":704.47,"body":"can be, or how thick a helmet"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":700.36,"endTime":704.47,"body":"can be, how heavy a helmet can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":704.47,"endTime":708.31,"body":"be. Within that constraints,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":704.47,"endTime":708.31,"body":"what is the best thing we can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":708.31,"endTime":712.69,"body":"do? Can we create a superior"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":708.31,"endTime":712.69,"body":"helmet by designing the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":712.69,"endTime":716.98,"body":"structure so that they are the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":712.69,"endTime":716.98,"body":"safest? Or they would reduce the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":716.98,"endTime":721.21,"body":"linear or rotational impact the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":716.98,"endTime":721.21,"body":"most? In terms of shoe? Can it"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":721.21,"endTime":724.9,"body":"give the right amount of energy"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":721.21,"endTime":724.9,"body":"recovery? So yes, I, by any"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":724.9,"endTime":728.77,"body":"means I'm neither expert nor I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":724.9,"endTime":728.77,"body":"would say, I have no authority"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":728.77,"endTime":731.59,"body":"to comment of what sports body"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":728.77,"endTime":731.59,"body":"would think about these"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":731.59,"endTime":735.01,"body":"products. But from pure engineer"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":731.59,"endTime":735.01,"body":"technology perspective, I think"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":735.01,"endTime":739.66,"body":"this is a fascinating area,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":735.01,"endTime":739.66,"body":"because we can achieve a better"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":740.02,"endTime":744.52,"body":"tuned mechanical properties out"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":740.02,"endTime":744.52,"body":"of a part to what an engineer"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":744.52,"endTime":745.09,"body":"might want."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":746.26,"endTime":749.11,"body":"I see, I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":746.26,"endTime":749.11,"body":"encourage, I agree with you."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":749.11,"endTime":752.02,"body":"This is very interesting. I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":749.11,"endTime":752.02,"body":"encourage all the listeners if"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":752.02,"endTime":755.92,"body":"you're not driving too quickly"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":752.02,"endTime":755.92,"body":"open up a browser and just type"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":755.92,"endTime":760.42,"body":"in lattice structure 3D"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":755.92,"endTime":760.42,"body":"printing, or 3D printing Adidas,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":760.45,"endTime":763.54,"body":"Adidas shoes, so you can"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":760.45,"endTime":763.54,"body":"visualize what it is that we're"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":763.54,"endTime":767.29,"body":"talking about here. Talking"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":763.54,"endTime":767.29,"body":"about, I went to one of the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":767.29,"endTime":771.16,"body":"biggest medical device shows"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":767.29,"endTime":771.16,"body":"called MD\u0026M West, just last"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":771.16,"endTime":774.67,"body":"month, and I happen to see the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":771.16,"endTime":774.67,"body":"Adidas shoes that you're talking"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":774.67,"endTime":780.7,"body":"about with the printed soul."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":774.67,"endTime":780.7,"body":"There were over $300. Is there"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":780.7,"endTime":783.91,"body":"something why is this technology"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":780.7,"endTime":783.91,"body":"so expensive, or it seems to be"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":783.91,"endTime":785.32,"body":"expensive, is there a reason"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":783.91,"endTime":785.32,"body":"why?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":786.52,"endTime":788.59,"body":"So I cannot"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":786.52,"endTime":788.59,"body":"comment on the consumer price."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":788.59,"endTime":792.61,"body":"So first of all, make it clear"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":788.59,"endTime":792.61,"body":"that Adidas is a partner with"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":792.61,"endTime":796.51,"body":"which we have the make metals at"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":792.61,"endTime":796.51,"body":"the end the end goods, the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":796.51,"endTime":800.32,"body":"product, which is the midsole"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":796.51,"endTime":800.32,"body":"and the upper and the final shoe"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":800.32,"endTime":804.79,"body":"that is sold is the product of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":800.32,"endTime":804.79,"body":"Adidas, but you are raising one"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":804.79,"endTime":808.72,"body":"interesting question is that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":804.79,"endTime":808.72,"body":"when we replace this foam"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":808.72,"endTime":813.4,"body":"midsole with a ladder structured"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":808.72,"endTime":813.4,"body":"by midsole is it same at the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":813.4,"endTime":815.59,"body":"manufacturing cost, because"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":813.4,"endTime":815.59,"body":"that's something that we are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":815.59,"endTime":819.85,"body":"really interested in. So 100%"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":815.59,"endTime":819.85,"body":"not, it is more expensive today"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":820.21,"endTime":824.8,"body":"and partially is because of the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":820.21,"endTime":824.8,"body":"volume and the scale, the scale"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":824.86,"endTime":828.94,"body":"at which the the amount of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":824.86,"endTime":828.94,"body":"material that has been consumed"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":829.21,"endTime":834.34,"body":"is still miniscule compared to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":829.21,"endTime":834.34,"body":"the form industry. And as we all"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":834.34,"endTime":838.93,"body":"know, up to a point things get"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":834.34,"endTime":838.93,"body":"cheaper, as more and more of the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":838.93,"endTime":842.98,"body":"same material is consumed. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":838.93,"endTime":842.98,"body":"and that is already we see that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":842.98,"endTime":845.86,"body":"happening already. That"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":842.98,"endTime":845.86,"body":"basically means we have the same"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":845.86,"endTime":850.09,"body":"material or the similar same raw"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":845.86,"endTime":850.09,"body":"material components being used"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":850.42,"endTime":853.54,"body":"across many different"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":850.42,"endTime":853.54,"body":"application by several of our"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":853.54,"endTime":856.33,"body":"customers to produce lattice"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":853.54,"endTime":856.33,"body":"based design, whether it's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":856.63,"endTime":862.78,"body":"midsoles for readers, saddles,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":856.63,"endTime":862.78,"body":"biking helmets, enhance overall"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":862.78,"endTime":867.01,"body":"the cost of the raw material"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":862.78,"endTime":867.01,"body":"comes down and hence slowly the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":867.01,"endTime":870.55,"body":"same component will become"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":867.01,"endTime":870.55,"body":"cheaper, and so on so forth. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":870.55,"endTime":874.78,"body":"that sort of expands the total"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":870.55,"endTime":874.78,"body":"applications or different"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":874.78,"endTime":878.11,"body":"mechanical components that can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":874.78,"endTime":878.11,"body":"be made with the same technology"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":878.11,"endTime":882.91,"body":"being the printer and the resin"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":878.11,"endTime":882.91,"body":"we have and the software that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":882.97,"endTime":886.78,"body":"AIDS mechanical engineers to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":882.97,"endTime":886.78,"body":"design parts. At the same time."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":886.78,"endTime":889.81,"body":"There's also the aspect of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":886.78,"endTime":889.81,"body":"performance. It's quite possible"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":889.84,"endTime":894.64,"body":"there are higher performing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":889.84,"endTime":894.64,"body":"shows higher performing helmets,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":895.03,"endTime":899.83,"body":"and the companies that sell"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":895.03,"endTime":899.83,"body":"these goods might be interested"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":899.83,"endTime":904.21,"body":"in creating a premium segment."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":899.83,"endTime":904.21,"body":"So like I said, we do not go in"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":904.21,"endTime":909.4,"body":"the price, nor we influence it,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":904.21,"endTime":909.4,"body":"what our customers sell the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":909.4,"endTime":912.28,"body":"products at it is their"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":909.4,"endTime":912.28,"body":"business, they understand each"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":912.28,"endTime":915.37,"body":"of these products and markets"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":912.28,"endTime":915.37,"body":"much, much better than us. We"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":915.37,"endTime":919.06,"body":"are a tool in the toolkit, what"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":915.37,"endTime":919.06,"body":"we extend them is yet on an"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":919.12,"endTime":922.9,"body":"innovative manufacturing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":919.12,"endTime":922.9,"body":"process, at the same time, an"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":922.96,"endTime":926.62,"body":"awesome way to design so they"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":922.96,"endTime":926.62,"body":"can design parts that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":926.62,"endTime":929.41,"body":"aesthetically look cool, that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":926.62,"endTime":929.41,"body":"achieved the mechanical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":929.41,"endTime":933.43,"body":"performance, maybe even one up"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":929.41,"endTime":933.43,"body":"than what they have been aiming"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":933.43,"endTime":937.06,"body":"to achieve, right and do that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":933.43,"endTime":937.06,"body":"very, very fast. So that means"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":937.06,"endTime":941.14,"body":"we try to reduce the time from"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":937.06,"endTime":941.14,"body":"the product conceptualization to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":941.14,"endTime":944.11,"body":"the market, because in additive"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":941.14,"endTime":944.11,"body":"manufacturing, you don't have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":944.11,"endTime":947.86,"body":"tooling cost or the tooling"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":944.11,"endTime":947.86,"body":"time. So that's sort of our"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":947.86,"endTime":948.91,"body":"vision and ideas."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":994.04,"endTime":995.8399999999999,"body":"Yeah, thank you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":994.04,"endTime":995.8399999999999,"body":"for making the distinction"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":995.8399999999999,"endTime":999.98,"body":"between the pricing of Adidas"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":995.8399999999999,"endTime":999.98,"body":"and in Carbon is two different"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":999.98,"endTime":1002.53,"body":"subjects. I should have been"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":999.98,"endTime":1002.53,"body":"more specific in my question."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1002.98,"endTime":1006.3399999999999,"body":"And also when I said cheating, I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1002.98,"endTime":1006.3399999999999,"body":"should rephrase it to more of an"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1006.3399999999999,"endTime":1010.1500000000001,"body":"advantage, if you want is trying"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1006.3399999999999,"endTime":1010.1500000000001,"body":"to maybe propel him or herself"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1010.1500000000001,"endTime":1010.6600000000001,"body":"forward."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1011.29,"endTime":1014.98,"body":"Yeah, as an"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1011.29,"endTime":1014.98,"body":"engineer, I think about you have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1015.04,"endTime":1018.4000000000001,"body":"the constraints. And within"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1015.04,"endTime":1018.4000000000001,"body":"those constraints, everything I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1018.4000000000001,"endTime":1022.3900000000001,"body":"do is hope if I can make the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1018.4000000000001,"endTime":1022.3900000000001,"body":"lives better, whether it's for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1022.3900000000001,"endTime":1026.38,"body":"the athlete or patients, then"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1022.3900000000001,"endTime":1026.38,"body":"it's a fair game. But anyhow,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1026.44,"endTime":1030.16,"body":"again, this I have no legal"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1026.44,"endTime":1030.16,"body":"authority of no, no sports body"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1030.16,"endTime":1032.44,"body":"authority. Yeah, where it's a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1030.16,"endTime":1032.44,"body":"pure engineering mindset."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1033.04,"endTime":1036.13,"body":"So I come from a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1033.04,"endTime":1036.13,"body":"biology background, my degrees"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1036.13,"endTime":1039.04,"body":"in microbiology and genetics."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1036.13,"endTime":1039.04,"body":"And now I'm working on my second"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1039.04,"endTime":1041.95,"body":"degree in mechanical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1039.04,"endTime":1041.95,"body":"engineering. And this is why I'm"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1041.95,"endTime":1043.18,"body":"going to ask you this question."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1043.18,"endTime":1043.27,"body":"Sure"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1043.39,"endTime":1045.46,"body":"It may come out"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1043.39,"endTime":1045.46,"body":"of nowhere. I haven't even asked"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1045.46,"endTime":1047.65,"body":"you this question before the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1045.46,"endTime":1047.65,"body":"podcast started, but it popped"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1047.65,"endTime":1052.84,"body":"in my head, the great fruit. If"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1047.65,"endTime":1052.84,"body":"we look at biomimicry, what she"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1052.84,"endTime":1056.83,"body":"is using nature as inspiration"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1052.84,"endTime":1056.83,"body":"for engineering or any kind of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1056.86,"endTime":1060.04,"body":"technology advancements, when"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1056.86,"endTime":1060.04,"body":"they look at their pomelo, the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1060.07,"endTime":1063.55,"body":"grapefruit and the skin of the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1060.07,"endTime":1063.55,"body":"grapefruit that the white part"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1063.55,"endTime":1067.24,"body":"is very thick. And scientists"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1063.55,"endTime":1067.24,"body":"have used it to emulate it"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1067.24,"endTime":1071.23,"body":"because it's a great shock"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1067.24,"endTime":1071.23,"body":"absorber, and that your"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1071.23,"endTime":1075.22,"body":"technology of carbon, it kind of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1071.23,"endTime":1075.22,"body":"reminds me of the familiar skin"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1075.25,"endTime":1078.0700000000002,"body":"it is does it look to you like"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1075.25,"endTime":1078.0700000000002,"body":"or no?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1078.56,"endTime":1080.75,"body":"Yeah, so that's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1078.56,"endTime":1080.75,"body":"certainly a good point. And I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1080.75,"endTime":1084.1100000000001,"body":"would say there's a whole field"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1080.75,"endTime":1084.1100000000001,"body":"around it, where people are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1084.1100000000001,"endTime":1087.68,"body":"actually trying to design stuff"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1084.1100000000001,"endTime":1087.68,"body":"that is inspired from nature."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1088.01,"endTime":1090.65,"body":"And I'll give you some more"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1088.01,"endTime":1090.65,"body":"example that has come my way as"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1091.25,"endTime":1094.55,"body":"I have delved into lattice"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1091.25,"endTime":1094.55,"body":"structures is you have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1094.55,"endTime":1100.16,"body":"woodpecker, and they have sort"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1094.55,"endTime":1100.16,"body":"of a design around the brain"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1100.8500000000001,"endTime":1105.14,"body":"that has they keep packing the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1100.8500000000001,"endTime":1105.14,"body":"wood, it still protects the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1105.14,"endTime":1110.18,"body":"brain, in the same amount of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1105.14,"endTime":1110.18,"body":"torque or force or jerk was"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1110.18,"endTime":1114.02,"body":"applied to human brain, it would"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1110.18,"endTime":1114.02,"body":"suffer concussion. So clearly"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1114.02,"endTime":1116.6000000000001,"body":"there is a lot in the nature"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1114.02,"endTime":1116.6000000000001,"body":"that we can inspire common"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1116.6000000000001,"endTime":1122.48,"body":"design, quite often that we have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1116.6000000000001,"endTime":1122.48,"body":"seen is that the scale at which"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1122.48,"endTime":1127.01,"body":"nature has backed engineering,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1122.48,"endTime":1127.01,"body":"this design is is amazing. What"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1127.01,"endTime":1129.95,"body":"I mean by that is whether you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1127.01,"endTime":1129.95,"body":"take the skin of the fruit or"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1129.95,"endTime":1133.46,"body":"woodpecker or any of these"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1129.95,"endTime":1133.46,"body":"examples, it is very, very"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1133.46,"endTime":1137.3300000000002,"body":"intricate design once you put it"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1133.46,"endTime":1137.3300000000002,"body":"on the microscope, and I do not"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1137.3300000000002,"endTime":1140.9,"body":"think we always have the right"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1137.3300000000002,"endTime":1140.9,"body":"manufacturing technology to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1140.9,"endTime":1144.3500000000001,"body":"create design at this high"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1140.9,"endTime":1144.3500000000001,"body":"resolution. So that's sort of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1144.3500000000001,"endTime":1148.88,"body":"number one, we are slowly"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1144.3500000000001,"endTime":1148.88,"body":"getting there 100% We have metal"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1148.88,"endTime":1152.81,"body":"3d printer that can print not a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1148.88,"endTime":1152.81,"body":"carbon, but in the world, where"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1152.8400000000001,"endTime":1156.0800000000002,"body":"they can print a very high"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1152.8400000000001,"endTime":1156.0800000000002,"body":"resolution with carbon, we are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1156.0800000000002,"endTime":1160.28,"body":"trying to sort of taking a step"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1156.0800000000002,"endTime":1160.28,"body":"towards that we are bringing a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1160.28,"endTime":1164.54,"body":"slightly higher resolution"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1160.28,"endTime":1164.54,"body":"design availability for polymer"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1164.54,"endTime":1169.28,"body":"products. I by no means we are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1164.54,"endTime":1169.28,"body":"there, right by no means we are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1169.28,"endTime":1172.28,"body":"still in millimeter scale. But"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1169.28,"endTime":1172.28,"body":"it still means that you can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1172.28,"endTime":1175.8200000000002,"body":"design very complex parts that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1172.28,"endTime":1175.8200000000002,"body":"may have inspired from that has"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1175.8200000000002,"endTime":1178.5800000000002,"body":"inspiration from nature, and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1175.8200000000002,"endTime":1178.5800000000002,"body":"could those designing and I'll"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1178.5800000000002,"endTime":1182.63,"body":"give one more idea where our own"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1178.5800000000002,"endTime":1182.63,"body":"design ideas have stemmed from."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1184.31,"endTime":1188.8700000000001,"body":"There are these polymer called a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1184.31,"endTime":1188.8700000000001,"body":"block copolymer. And there's a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1188.8700000000001,"endTime":1191.48,"body":"whole area that has studied"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1188.8700000000001,"endTime":1191.48,"body":"these structures, they have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1191.54,"endTime":1194.96,"body":"these block copolymer have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1191.54,"endTime":1194.96,"body":"phenomenal energy absorption"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1195.17,"endTime":1198.38,"body":"properties. And there are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1195.17,"endTime":1198.38,"body":"scientists who studied their"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1198.38,"endTime":1202.5800000000002,"body":"structures at nanometer scale"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1198.38,"endTime":1202.5800000000002,"body":"that has led to the area of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1202.76,"endTime":1206.72,"body":"triply periodic minimal"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1202.76,"endTime":1206.72,"body":"surfaces. And what we do is take"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1206.72,"endTime":1209.93,"body":"advantage of those inputs help"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1206.72,"endTime":1209.93,"body":"them put in lattice structures"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1210.29,"endTime":1212.72,"body":"at a different scale,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1210.29,"endTime":1212.72,"body":"significantly different scale,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1212.93,"endTime":1217.64,"body":"but they still, the structure"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1212.93,"endTime":1217.64,"body":"that was actually found in other"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1217.64,"endTime":1221.8400000000001,"body":"material is very useful at an"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1217.64,"endTime":1221.8400000000001,"body":"absorbing energy or postponing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1221.8400000000001,"endTime":1224.8400000000001,"body":"stain densification and it's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1221.8400000000001,"endTime":1224.8400000000001,"body":"helping some of our customer"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1224.8400000000001,"endTime":1228.2,"body":"design very phenomenal parts. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1224.8400000000001,"endTime":1228.2,"body":"we will transition right there."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1229.1000000000001,"endTime":1232.0700000000002,"body":"So when we look"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1229.1000000000001,"endTime":1232.0700000000002,"body":"at lattice structure, 3D"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1232.0700000000002,"endTime":1234.53,"body":"printing, for those of you that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1232.0700000000002,"endTime":1234.53,"body":"are listening and maybe driving"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1234.53,"endTime":1237.3500000000001,"body":"who have not had the chance to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1234.53,"endTime":1237.3500000000001,"body":"maybe look at a picture of that,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1237.53,"endTime":1240.56,"body":"I'm going to try my best to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1237.53,"endTime":1240.56,"body":"describe it, I think of is like"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1240.56,"endTime":1244.04,"body":"maybe a pile of toothpicks or"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1240.56,"endTime":1244.04,"body":"something like that. Just, how"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1244.04,"endTime":1246.74,"body":"could you give our listeners a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1244.04,"endTime":1246.74,"body":"quick visual before I ask my"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1246.74,"endTime":1247.25,"body":"question?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1248.15,"endTime":1250.22,"body":"That's certainly"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1248.15,"endTime":1250.22,"body":"one way to think about it, I was"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1250.22,"endTime":1255.05,"body":"going to say you have a pile of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1250.22,"endTime":1255.05,"body":"toothpicks, but a very diligent"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1255.0800000000002,"endTime":1260.69,"body":"engineer that is replacing each"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1255.0800000000002,"endTime":1260.69,"body":"toothpick nicely. And is also"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1260.69,"endTime":1265.43,"body":"maybe selecting toothpicks with"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1260.69,"endTime":1265.43,"body":"different diameters and creating"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1265.43,"endTime":1269.72,"body":"this web. But this web is may"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1265.43,"endTime":1269.72,"body":"look organic, or may look"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1269.72,"endTime":1274.13,"body":"stochastic, haywire, chaos, but"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1269.72,"endTime":1274.13,"body":"it is not. It is engineered, and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1274.13,"endTime":1276.8600000000001,"body":"it is engineered to do a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1274.13,"endTime":1276.8600000000001,"body":"particular purpose, whatever"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1276.8600000000001,"endTime":1279.8600000000001,"body":"that purpose of the product"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1276.8600000000001,"endTime":1279.8600000000001,"body":"might be. And I will say that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1279.8600000000001,"endTime":1282.89,"body":"pays in maybe a couple sentence"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1279.8600000000001,"endTime":1282.89,"body":"word lattice designers."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1283.4,"endTime":1287.75,"body":"Okay, very well"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1283.4,"endTime":1287.75,"body":"said. So, when I think of when I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1287.75,"endTime":1291.17,"body":"looked online of lattice"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1287.75,"endTime":1291.17,"body":"structure, 3D printing, they all"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1291.17,"endTime":1293.69,"body":"look like what we just"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1291.17,"endTime":1293.69,"body":"described. So I think to myself,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1293.8400000000001,"endTime":1298.25,"body":"is there a disadvantage for"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1293.8400000000001,"endTime":1298.25,"body":"looking that way? And not being"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1298.28,"endTime":1302.15,"body":"a traditional, maybe like a slab"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1298.28,"endTime":1302.15,"body":"of 3D printing material? Imagine"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1302.15,"endTime":1303.8600000000001,"body":"like a slice of bread or"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1302.15,"endTime":1303.8600000000001,"body":"something like that. That's"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1303.8600000000001,"endTime":1307.52,"body":"continuous? Because it has holes"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1303.8600000000001,"endTime":1307.52,"body":"in the material, right? When"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1307.52,"endTime":1311.9,"body":"it's, what's the word we use?"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1307.52,"endTime":1311.9,"body":"lattice, it has the holes"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1311.9,"endTime":1313.7,"body":"between it, is this advantage or"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1311.9,"endTime":1313.7,"body":"no?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1314.1200000000001,"endTime":1317.15,"body":"Yeah, so I think"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1314.1200000000001,"endTime":1317.15,"body":"it's both advantage and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1317.15,"endTime":1321.8300000000002,"body":"disadvantage, like, I would be a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1317.15,"endTime":1321.8300000000002,"body":"miss if I say this is free. It's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1321.8300000000002,"endTime":1325.4,"body":"about quite often lattice"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1321.8300000000002,"endTime":1325.4,"body":"structures are used to reduce"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1325.4,"endTime":1329.93,"body":"the weight, like you don't need"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1325.4,"endTime":1329.93,"body":"a full blob of material for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1329.96,"endTime":1333.44,"body":"every task you needed to do,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1329.96,"endTime":1333.44,"body":"right? Imagine is supposed to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1333.44,"endTime":1337.22,"body":"support some weight and not"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1333.44,"endTime":1337.22,"body":"collapse. And you only have a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1337.22,"endTime":1340.31,"body":"few materials to select from. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1337.22,"endTime":1340.31,"body":"you're going to choose a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1340.31,"endTime":1344.0900000000001,"body":"material that is slightly safer"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1340.31,"endTime":1344.0900000000001,"body":"side so slightly in our care."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1344.69,"endTime":1347.39,"body":"And at that point, you could"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1344.69,"endTime":1347.39,"body":"choose to have a full slab of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1347.39,"endTime":1350.24,"body":"material, or you can optimize"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1347.39,"endTime":1350.24,"body":"for stiffness to mass ratio,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1350.51,"endTime":1354.26,"body":"which is most often we engineers"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1350.51,"endTime":1354.26,"body":"do, even if we are not using 3d"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1354.26,"endTime":1359.1200000000001,"body":"printing, right? The 3D printing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1354.26,"endTime":1359.1200000000001,"body":"in large sectors, that idea has"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1359.1200000000001,"endTime":1361.8500000000001,"body":"one more degree of freedom, that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1359.1200000000001,"endTime":1361.8500000000001,"body":"means you can choose the right"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1361.8500000000001,"endTime":1366.3200000000002,"body":"structure and the right level of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1361.8500000000001,"endTime":1366.3200000000002,"body":"fidelity, right, whether it's a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1366.3200000000002,"endTime":1369.98,"body":"big hole small holes, is the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1366.3200000000002,"endTime":1369.98,"body":"same size of holes everywhere,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1369.98,"endTime":1374.24,"body":"same topology everywhere. To"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1369.98,"endTime":1374.24,"body":"optimize the purpose, whatever"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1374.24,"endTime":1377.63,"body":"is the purpose, and I may push"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1374.24,"endTime":1377.63,"body":"back on this loaf of bread loaf"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1377.63,"endTime":1380.06,"body":"of bread is not continuous"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1377.63,"endTime":1380.06,"body":"either, it actually has holes."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1380.18,"endTime":1381.74,"body":"It's exactly like lattice"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1380.18,"endTime":1381.74,"body":"structure."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1383.42,"endTime":1385.16,"body":"It is a porous"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1383.42,"endTime":1385.16,"body":"surface"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1385.19,"endTime":1387.44,"body":"It is a porous"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1385.19,"endTime":1387.44,"body":"surface, it's actually very good"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1387.44,"endTime":1390.26,"body":"example for a lattice structure"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1387.44,"endTime":1390.26,"body":"would be but a different scale"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1390.26,"endTime":1391.64,"body":"than what we do for carbon."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1392.63,"endTime":1396.74,"body":"Alright, so I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1392.63,"endTime":1396.74,"body":"came across the term 'topology"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1396.77,"endTime":1401.15,"body":"optimization,' which it really"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1396.77,"endTime":1401.15,"body":"caught my eye a couple years"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1401.15,"endTime":1405.02,"body":"ago, I am someone that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1401.15,"endTime":1405.02,"body":"optimization really resonates"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1405.02,"endTime":1407.8700000000001,"body":"with me, even the way that I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1405.02,"endTime":1407.8700000000001,"body":"have things around my house,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1408.05,"endTime":1411.98,"body":"where I put my clothes in my"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1408.05,"endTime":1411.98,"body":"room. So for instance, if I do"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1411.98,"endTime":1414.26,"body":"my break, I'm almost finished"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1411.98,"endTime":1414.26,"body":"with my example. But if I'm"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1414.26,"endTime":1416.6000000000001,"body":"doing a breakfast in the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1414.26,"endTime":1416.6000000000001,"body":"morning, I'll put my oatmeal"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1416.6000000000001,"endTime":1420.26,"body":"next to my honey and next to the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1416.6000000000001,"endTime":1420.26,"body":"cinnamon in the same drawer,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1420.29,"endTime":1423.23,"body":"because I know I'm going to do"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1420.29,"endTime":1423.23,"body":"it all together. So topology"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1423.23,"endTime":1425.51,"body":"optimization has been something"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1423.23,"endTime":1425.51,"body":"that really resonated with me"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1425.51,"endTime":1428.81,"body":"and I wanted to ask you is how"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1425.51,"endTime":1428.81,"body":"and perhaps a passionate"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1428.81,"endTime":1431.72,"body":"topology optimization, something"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1428.81,"endTime":1431.72,"body":"that led you to where you are"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1431.72,"endTime":1433.8500000000001,"body":"now? Is that how you started the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1431.72,"endTime":1433.8500000000001,"body":"journey?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1435.1100000000001,"endTime":1439.22,"body":"I wouldn't say"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1435.1100000000001,"endTime":1439.22,"body":"that, I will say I, I got deeper"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1439.22,"endTime":1444.89,"body":"into topology optimization more"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1439.22,"endTime":1444.89,"body":"during my work at Carbon. My"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1444.98,"endTime":1448.67,"body":"sort of the way I came about"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1444.98,"endTime":1448.67,"body":"here is more about geometry,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1449.39,"endTime":1453.53,"body":"processing geometry. And there"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1449.39,"endTime":1453.53,"body":"was like creating tools for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1453.53,"endTime":1455.8700000000001,"body":"people who do topology"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1453.53,"endTime":1455.8700000000001,"body":"optimization. So I'll give a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1455.8700000000001,"endTime":1459.38,"body":"very simple example. So quite"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1455.8700000000001,"endTime":1459.38,"body":"often people make propellers,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1460.3700000000001,"endTime":1465.65,"body":"propellers for engines and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1460.3700000000001,"endTime":1465.65,"body":"submarines and whatnot. So one"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1507.52,"endTime":1510.55,"body":"of the things people have looked"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1507.52,"endTime":1510.55,"body":"at for ages and they continue to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1510.55,"endTime":1515.23,"body":"look for is having the right"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1510.55,"endTime":1515.23,"body":"shape of the propeller to do the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1515.23,"endTime":1520.1799999999998,"body":"job is supposed to do. And this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1515.23,"endTime":1520.1799999999998,"body":"part of it is some idea of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1520.21,"endTime":1525.9099999999999,"body":"either topology or shape"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1520.21,"endTime":1525.9099999999999,"body":"optimization. And what I did"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1525.94,"endTime":1530.6499999999999,"body":"during my master's PhD is create"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1525.94,"endTime":1530.6499999999999,"body":"tools, so that whoever is doing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1530.6499999999999,"endTime":1534.76,"body":"this job of optimizing, it's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1530.6499999999999,"endTime":1534.76,"body":"easier for them to perform"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1534.76,"endTime":1537.19,"body":"physical simulation,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1534.76,"endTime":1537.19,"body":"specifically in the context of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1537.19,"endTime":1541.12,"body":"finite elements analysis. So I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1537.19,"endTime":1541.12,"body":"would say topology optimization"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1541.12,"endTime":1543.1599999999999,"body":"wasn't really my field, I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1541.12,"endTime":1543.1599999999999,"body":"wouldn't say I'm expert in the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1543.1599999999999,"endTime":1549.34,"body":"field even today. But I have had"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1543.1599999999999,"endTime":1549.34,"body":"to go deeper into it as part of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1549.34,"endTime":1549.79,"body":"the trade."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1552.1599999999999,"endTime":1555.9099999999999,"body":"Okay, processing"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1552.1599999999999,"endTime":1555.9099999999999,"body":"geometry. So if I understand"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1555.9099999999999,"endTime":1561.52,"body":"this correctly, if you download"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1555.9099999999999,"endTime":1561.52,"body":"a geometry into the software"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1561.52,"endTime":1563.59,"body":"that you will make, I'm making a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1561.52,"endTime":1563.59,"body":"lot of assumptions here in a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1563.59,"endTime":1565.87,"body":"second, please correct me"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1563.59,"endTime":1565.87,"body":"everything I say. But if you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1565.87,"endTime":1569.02,"body":"download a geometry into a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1565.87,"endTime":1569.02,"body":"software that's going to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1569.02,"endTime":1572.98,"body":"optimize it for its purpose. How"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1569.02,"endTime":1572.98,"body":"does the software know that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1572.98,"endTime":1575.29,"body":"you're the person behind that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1572.98,"endTime":1575.29,"body":"that codes everything?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1576.03,"endTime":1578.25,"body":"Yeah, so"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1576.03,"endTime":1578.25,"body":"geometry processing, sort of a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1578.25,"endTime":1580.86,"body":"wide term and I'll tell what the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1578.25,"endTime":1580.86,"body":"term is and then I'll tell you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1580.86,"endTime":1586.86,"body":"what we do at Carbon. Yeah, pick"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1580.86,"endTime":1586.86,"body":"your favorite CAD tool. You, you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1586.86,"endTime":1591.1499999999999,"body":"draw, let's say a few different"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1586.86,"endTime":1591.1499999999999,"body":"objects and you, you sort of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1591.1499999999999,"endTime":1594.0,"body":"Boolean them. So intersection"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1591.1499999999999,"endTime":1594.0,"body":"union difference, you can create"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1594.0,"endTime":1598.6499999999999,"body":"a CSG, tree or graph. Geometry"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1594.0,"endTime":1598.6499999999999,"body":"processing, in a way is what's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1598.6499999999999,"endTime":1603.3,"body":"happening behind the scene when"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1598.6499999999999,"endTime":1603.3,"body":"you do that. Right. Now that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1603.75,"endTime":1606.21,"body":"area is I would say up to an"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1603.75,"endTime":1606.21,"body":"extent, pretty well figured out."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1606.78,"endTime":1610.47,"body":"Because you see SolidWorks, you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1606.78,"endTime":1610.47,"body":"name it to all of these tools"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1610.47,"endTime":1614.79,"body":"very successful. Entertaining"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1610.47,"endTime":1614.79,"body":"the needs of a mechanical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1614.79,"endTime":1618.6,"body":"engineer in all the different"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1614.79,"endTime":1618.6,"body":"industries. However, this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1618.6,"endTime":1622.3799999999999,"body":"problem is a little bit more"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1618.6,"endTime":1622.3799999999999,"body":"complex when you start designing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1622.3799999999999,"endTime":1625.02,"body":"with even more complicated"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1622.3799999999999,"endTime":1625.02,"body":"structures, where instead of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1625.02,"endTime":1629.46,"body":"having a 1050 different beams"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1625.02,"endTime":1629.46,"body":"like this toothpick example, in"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1629.46,"endTime":1633.0,"body":"lattices, now we have 10,000"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1629.46,"endTime":1633.0,"body":"different beams. So the number"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1633.0,"endTime":1635.6399999999999,"body":"of parts are significantly"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1633.0,"endTime":1635.6399999999999,"body":"higher if you think about your"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1635.6399999999999,"endTime":1638.58,"body":"primitives in lattice structures"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1635.6399999999999,"endTime":1638.58,"body":"compared to other traditional"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1638.58,"endTime":1642.1499999999999,"body":"designs. And hence, now the same"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1638.58,"endTime":1642.1499999999999,"body":"geometry processing, you have to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1642.1499999999999,"endTime":1646.26,"body":"do it on a very different scale,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1642.1499999999999,"endTime":1646.26,"body":"you have to do it very fast. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1646.26,"endTime":1648.6599999999999,"body":"you have to do it so that you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1646.26,"endTime":1648.6599999999999,"body":"can handle so many different"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1648.6599999999999,"endTime":1652.95,"body":"parts. And that's sort of the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1648.6599999999999,"endTime":1652.95,"body":"job we do so for geometry"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1652.95,"endTime":1656.37,"body":"processing for us is doing the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1652.95,"endTime":1656.37,"body":"simple operations on primitive."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1656.6699999999998,"endTime":1660.33,"body":"And the but we want to do it for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1656.6699999999998,"endTime":1660.33,"body":"the type of designs that are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1660.33,"endTime":1663.54,"body":"often used in additive"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1660.33,"endTime":1663.54,"body":"manufacturing, which may lead to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1663.54,"endTime":1667.74,"body":"have, which often have like 10s"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1663.54,"endTime":1667.74,"body":"of 1000s of different primitives"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1667.74,"endTime":1669.84,"body":"instead of like 100 or 1000."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1671.1,"endTime":1674.79,"body":"Okay, perfect. I"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1671.1,"endTime":1674.79,"body":"want to take a quick moment to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1674.79,"endTime":1676.83,"body":"remind our listeners that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1674.79,"endTime":1676.83,"body":"they're being an engineer"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1676.83,"endTime":1680.07,"body":"podcast is brought to you by"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1676.83,"endTime":1680.07,"body":"Pipeline Design \u0026 Engineering."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1680.34,"endTime":1683.1,"body":"Pipeline partners with medical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1680.34,"endTime":1683.1,"body":"and other device engineering"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1683.1,"endTime":1686.94,"body":"teams on a turnkey equipment,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1683.1,"endTime":1686.94,"body":"such as cycle test machines,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1687.09,"endTime":1690.1499999999999,"body":"custom test fixtures,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1687.09,"endTime":1690.1499999999999,"body":"automation, equipment, assembly"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1690.1499999999999,"endTime":1693.51,"body":"jigs, inspection stations, and"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1690.1499999999999,"endTime":1693.51,"body":"more. You can find us on the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1693.51,"endTime":1700.23,"body":"web, www.teampipeline.us. And"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1693.51,"endTime":1700.23,"body":"I'm here with Hardik that works"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1700.23,"endTime":1703.6799999999998,"body":"at Carbon. And I want to ask"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1700.23,"endTime":1703.6799999999998,"body":"you, this is the story of how we"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1703.6799999999998,"endTime":1707.7,"body":"found you there's an article on"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1703.6799999999998,"endTime":1707.7,"body":"a very famous magazine called"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1707.7,"endTime":1711.3899999999999,"body":"Machine Design, you can find"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1707.7,"endTime":1711.3899999999999,"body":"them on machinedesign.com. And"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1711.3899999999999,"endTime":1715.1399999999999,"body":"the article talks about how you,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1711.3899999999999,"endTime":1715.1399999999999,"body":"there at Carbon, developed a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1715.1399999999999,"endTime":1720.45,"body":"viable swab prototype within a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1715.1399999999999,"endTime":1720.45,"body":"couple hours. So first, could"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1720.45,"endTime":1723.81,"body":"you define to us, give us a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1720.45,"endTime":1723.81,"body":"visual, what do you mean by a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1723.81,"endTime":1726.84,"body":"swab, because when I think of a"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1723.81,"endTime":1726.84,"body":"swab, I think of like a Q-tip."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1728.8999999999999,"endTime":1731.87,"body":"Yeah, and I was"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1728.8999999999999,"endTime":1731.87,"body":"complete, I had no idea what"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1731.87,"endTime":1735.62,"body":"swab was either, before this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1731.87,"endTime":1735.62,"body":"problem hit us. But as we all"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1735.62,"endTime":1740.45,"body":"know, early on, in the pandemic,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1735.62,"endTime":1740.45,"body":"there was a shortage of a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1740.48,"endTime":1744.9199999999998,"body":"COVID-19 test swab. And this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1740.48,"endTime":1744.9199999999998,"body":"particular swab, the technical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1744.9199999999998,"endTime":1749.0,"body":"term is nasal pharyngeal swab."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1744.9199999999998,"endTime":1749.0,"body":"If you or anybody has gone"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1749.0,"endTime":1752.78,"body":"through COVID-19 test, you sort"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1749.0,"endTime":1752.78,"body":"of remember it as a not so happy"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1752.78,"endTime":1756.35,"body":"experience, there is a swab,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1752.78,"endTime":1756.35,"body":"that's pretty long, that goes"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1756.35,"endTime":1762.05,"body":"quite a bit in your nasal"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1756.35,"endTime":1762.05,"body":"cavity. And the person who is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1762.05,"endTime":1764.69,"body":"doing the test will roll the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1762.05,"endTime":1764.69,"body":"swab a few times before the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1764.69,"endTime":1768.6499999999999,"body":"direction and try to collect the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1764.69,"endTime":1768.6499999999999,"body":"mucosal content. And they try to"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1768.6499999999999,"endTime":1774.8899999999999,"body":"detect a virus or wider content"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1768.6499999999999,"endTime":1774.8899999999999,"body":"in that biological sample. The"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1774.8899999999999,"endTime":1778.9099999999999,"body":"swabs as I knew, then, I still"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1774.8899999999999,"endTime":1778.9099999999999,"body":"know is a very simple object."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1780.05,"endTime":1784.49,"body":"But because the supply chain was"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1780.05,"endTime":1784.49,"body":"broken, there was a shortage of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1784.49,"endTime":1789.98,"body":"the swab. And that led to one"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1784.49,"endTime":1789.98,"body":"institute, specifically, Beth"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1790.01,"endTime":1794.69,"body":"Israel Deaconess Medical Center"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1790.01,"endTime":1794.69,"body":"in Boston, to think about, can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1794.69,"endTime":1798.2,"body":"there be alternative swabs which"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1794.69,"endTime":1798.2,"body":"are 3D printed, because the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1798.2,"endTime":1803.69,"body":"normal supply chain for the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1798.2,"endTime":1803.69,"body":"golden swab that is traditional"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1803.78,"endTime":1807.5,"body":"is broken, and there is a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1803.78,"endTime":1807.5,"body":"shortage of? That's where the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1807.5,"endTime":1811.28,"body":"problem was introduced to us and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1807.5,"endTime":1811.28,"body":"many other 3D printing companies"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1811.28,"endTime":1816.1699999999998,"body":"as well. We, we started looking"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1811.28,"endTime":1816.1699999999998,"body":"into it like what swab looks"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1816.1699999999998,"endTime":1820.85,"body":"like, what's the purpose of it,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1816.1699999999998,"endTime":1820.85,"body":"how does it function, and we did"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1820.85,"endTime":1823.82,"body":"think of an idea that maybe we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1820.85,"endTime":1823.82,"body":"can design the tip of the swamp"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1824.33,"endTime":1828.59,"body":"using lattice structure. So that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1824.33,"endTime":1828.59,"body":"basically, when you when"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1828.59,"endTime":1833.72,"body":"somebody sort of rotates it"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1828.59,"endTime":1833.72,"body":"around the axis, it will collect"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1833.72,"endTime":1836.8999999999999,"body":"the mucosal content within it,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1833.72,"endTime":1836.8999999999999,"body":"and then you'll be able to pull"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1836.8999999999999,"endTime":1841.9099999999999,"body":"it out and do the test as it is."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1836.8999999999999,"endTime":1841.9099999999999,"body":"We have developed this tool"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1842.75,"endTime":1846.02,"body":"called design engine, which is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1842.75,"endTime":1846.02,"body":"specific for lattice design for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1846.02,"endTime":1849.23,"body":"additive manufacturing. We use"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1846.02,"endTime":1849.23,"body":"the same tool to create this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1849.23,"endTime":1854.03,"body":"design. And we started printing"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1849.23,"endTime":1854.03,"body":"prototypes on the printer that"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1854.03,"endTime":1859.01,"body":"we have. So within days, we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1854.03,"endTime":1859.01,"body":"created a few prototypes. And we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1859.34,"endTime":1863.45,"body":"we sent it out to a couple of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1859.34,"endTime":1863.45,"body":"clinical institutions where we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1863.45,"endTime":1866.69,"body":"got some feedback like, oh, this"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1863.45,"endTime":1866.69,"body":"this thing is working. This is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1866.69,"endTime":1870.6499999999999,"body":"not working. This is how you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1866.69,"endTime":1870.6499999999999,"body":"might want to change design. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1870.6499999999999,"endTime":1874.31,"body":"we started the design iterations"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1870.6499999999999,"endTime":1874.31,"body":"for the swab. So that's sort of"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1874.31,"endTime":1877.46,"body":"the rough story how we came"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1874.31,"endTime":1877.46,"body":"about working on this project."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1878.48,"endTime":1882.44,"body":"So before the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1878.48,"endTime":1882.44,"body":"original swab is a can at the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1882.44,"endTime":1883.49,"body":"bottom, at the end?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1884.12,"endTime":1884.72,"body":"Yeah, yeah."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1885.26,"endTime":1888.9199999999998,"body":"Okay. For some"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1885.26,"endTime":1888.9199999999998,"body":"reason, it just seems like it"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1888.9199999999998,"endTime":1892.22,"body":"would be a little more painful"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1888.9199999999998,"endTime":1892.22,"body":"to put us 3D printed swab,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1892.76,"endTime":1893.3,"body":"right?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1894.27,"endTime":1896.8799999999999,"body":"100%, 100%, we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1894.27,"endTime":1896.8799999999999,"body":"all felt the same, the first"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1896.8799999999999,"endTime":1900.09,"body":"design got the same feedback"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1896.8799999999999,"endTime":1900.09,"body":"that the material you have is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1900.09,"endTime":1904.35,"body":"pretty stiff, it is not a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1900.09,"endTime":1904.35,"body":"pleasant experience. But we were"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1904.35,"endTime":1907.9199999999998,"body":"able to iterate. And there are"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1904.35,"endTime":1907.9199999999998,"body":"many different ways to create a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1907.9199999999998,"endTime":1912.48,"body":"flexible design, specifically"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1907.9199999999998,"endTime":1912.48,"body":"using these ideas of lattices,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1912.78,"endTime":1917.1,"body":"even when the material is stiff."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1912.78,"endTime":1917.1,"body":"So we applied this concept. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1917.1,"endTime":1920.9099999999999,"body":"we went through those user"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1917.1,"endTime":1920.9099999999999,"body":"studies, to get to a place where"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1920.9099999999999,"endTime":1925.8,"body":"the swab we designed, went"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1920.9099999999999,"endTime":1925.8,"body":"through a clinical study, and it"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1925.8,"endTime":1929.22,"body":"was perceived as its equivalent"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1925.8,"endTime":1929.22,"body":"experience. So it's not any"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1929.22,"endTime":1934.26,"body":"worse. Then the golden swab,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1929.22,"endTime":1934.26,"body":"which is what was used at."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1936.08,"endTime":1938.6599999999999,"body":"Changing subjects"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1936.08,"endTime":1938.6599999999999,"body":"here, first, congratulations on"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1938.6599999999999,"endTime":1942.53,"body":"that to you and the whole Carbon"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1938.6599999999999,"endTime":1942.53,"body":"team for helping with COVID. So"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1942.62,"endTime":1945.86,"body":"I received as I'm here in the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1942.62,"endTime":1945.86,"body":"middle of my second degree in"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1945.86,"endTime":1949.85,"body":"mechanical engineering, some of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1945.86,"endTime":1949.85,"body":"my mentors and advisors and some"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1949.85,"endTime":1952.25,"body":"of my mentors actually have been"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1949.85,"endTime":1952.25,"body":"guests on the show, I'm very"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1952.25,"endTime":1955.8799999999999,"body":"fortunate to have access to such"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1952.25,"endTime":1955.8799999999999,"body":"high profile guests. It's truly"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1955.8799999999999,"endTime":1958.8799999999999,"body":"a blessing. And I share a lot of"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1955.8799999999999,"endTime":1958.8799999999999,"body":"the tips that I received on my"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1958.8799999999999,"endTime":1963.1699999999998,"body":"personal LinkedIn, everyone feel"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1958.8799999999999,"endTime":1963.1699999999998,"body":"free to follow. But I've been"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1963.29,"endTime":1966.74,"body":"given a tip that we should"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1963.29,"endTime":1966.74,"body":"expose yourselves as mechanical"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1966.74,"endTime":1970.25,"body":"engineers, this is what I'm"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1966.74,"endTime":1970.25,"body":"training to become, to the more"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1970.25,"endTime":1973.37,"body":"subjects the better, because"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1970.25,"endTime":1973.37,"body":"then we'll realize what we want"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1973.37,"endTime":1977.3899999999999,"body":"to be what we want our niche to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1973.37,"endTime":1977.3899999999999,"body":"become, as we grow older, and we"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1977.3899999999999,"endTime":1981.35,"body":"specialize. How did you decide"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1977.3899999999999,"endTime":1981.35,"body":"that you wanted to take this"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1981.35,"endTime":1984.32,"body":"route of, of software"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1981.35,"endTime":1984.32,"body":"engineering, because if I'm not"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1984.32,"endTime":1986.9299999999998,"body":"mistaken, your degree is in"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":1984.32,"endTime":1986.9299999999998,"body":"mechanical engineering, right?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1986.86,"endTime":1990.9099999999999,"body":"100%. Okay, I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1986.86,"endTime":1990.9099999999999,"body":"mean, I would say, up till"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1991.0,"endTime":1995.47,"body":"finishing masters, that was the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1991.0,"endTime":1995.47,"body":"path I was on. But when I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1995.47,"endTime":2001.11,"body":"started pursuing a particular"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":1995.47,"endTime":2001.11,"body":"problem in my PhD, the problem I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2001.11,"endTime":2006.21,"body":"ended up choosing was more about"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2001.11,"endTime":2006.21,"body":"generating tetrahedral mesh, as"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2006.21,"endTime":2010.05,"body":"a discretization of a geometry"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2006.21,"endTime":2010.05,"body":"for to enable a particular type"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2010.05,"endTime":2014.1599999999999,"body":"of physics simulations, right."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2010.05,"endTime":2014.1599999999999,"body":"And in that there are two"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2014.1599999999999,"endTime":2016.74,"body":"components, I would say one is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2014.1599999999999,"endTime":2016.74,"body":"like coming up with the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2016.74,"endTime":2019.98,"body":"algorithm, and the proof of the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2016.74,"endTime":2019.98,"body":"algorithm is going to work,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2020.46,"endTime":2024.87,"body":"which is more of a geometry"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2020.46,"endTime":2024.87,"body":"concept. But it is not very"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2024.87,"endTime":2028.4099999999999,"body":"useful unless it's implemented"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2024.87,"endTime":2028.4099999999999,"body":"somewhere. And it's usable by"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2028.4099999999999,"endTime":2032.1599999999999,"body":"somebody. So just because I was"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2028.4099999999999,"endTime":2032.1599999999999,"body":"in that area, it was evident"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2032.1599999999999,"endTime":2036.21,"body":"that I had to learn to code the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2032.1599999999999,"endTime":2036.21,"body":"same algorithm that I came up"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2036.21,"endTime":2039.99,"body":"with. And in geometry,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2036.21,"endTime":2039.99,"body":"processing speed is really"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2039.99,"endTime":2044.19,"body":"important. As in almost every"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2039.99,"endTime":2044.19,"body":"software gets measured on two"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2044.19,"endTime":2048.93,"body":"axes, not every algorithm, like"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2044.19,"endTime":2048.93,"body":"how fast it is, and how robust"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2048.93,"endTime":2053.1,"body":"it is, and robustness, you can"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2048.93,"endTime":2053.1,"body":"work on with theoretical"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2053.25,"endTime":2056.9700000000003,"body":"concepts, but speed, you cannot"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2053.25,"endTime":2056.9700000000003,"body":"just theorize, at the end, you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2056.9700000000003,"endTime":2059.94,"body":"have to code the algorithm, and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2056.9700000000003,"endTime":2059.94,"body":"you have to run it on some"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2060.09,"endTime":2063.96,"body":"computer hardware, whatever, and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2060.09,"endTime":2063.96,"body":"prove that it is better on"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2063.96,"endTime":2067.77,"body":"particular examples or what have"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2063.96,"endTime":2067.77,"body":"you. So I would say I learned"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2067.86,"endTime":2072.7200000000003,"body":"coding as part of that. And I"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2067.86,"endTime":2072.7200000000003,"body":"still am kind of doing the same"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2072.7200000000003,"endTime":2078.54,"body":"thing if you asked me. So it is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2072.7200000000003,"endTime":2078.54,"body":"to me that a lot of our team"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2078.54,"endTime":2082.38,"body":"members are also the same, which"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2078.54,"endTime":2082.38,"body":"degree you have a sort of less"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2082.38,"endTime":2087.21,"body":"important, then at carbon a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2082.38,"endTime":2087.21,"body":"case, then what you do with the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2087.21,"endTime":2090.2999999999997,"body":"knowledge you have and how you"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2087.21,"endTime":2090.2999999999997,"body":"pursue it. So I would say at"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2090.2999999999997,"endTime":2092.16,"body":"least for me, it was a organic"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2090.2999999999997,"endTime":2092.16,"body":"growth."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2092.91,"endTime":2096.6,"body":"So a great"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2092.91,"endTime":2096.6,"body":"snippet to use for maybe the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2096.6,"endTime":2100.47,"body":"introduction of the podcast"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2096.6,"endTime":2100.47,"body":"right there. Jumping back to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2100.5,"endTime":2105.7799999999997,"body":"your bio, it says, well, this is"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2100.5,"endTime":2105.7799999999997,"body":"almost fate, because I had"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2105.8999999999996,"endTime":2110.3399999999997,"body":"electromagnetism class physics"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2105.8999999999996,"endTime":2110.3399999999997,"body":"this morning. And my professor"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2110.3399999999997,"endTime":2114.06,"body":"from physics said that linear"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2110.3399999999997,"endTime":2114.06,"body":"algebra was single handedly the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2114.06,"endTime":2118.1099999999997,"body":"most important math class he"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2114.06,"endTime":2118.1099999999997,"body":"took in his entire career. And"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2118.1099999999997,"endTime":2121.5299999999997,"body":"he encouraged us, everyone after"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2118.1099999999997,"endTime":2121.5299999999997,"body":"this course, enroll in Linear"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2121.5299999999997,"endTime":2124.29,"body":"Algebra. And what do I know,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2121.5299999999997,"endTime":2124.29,"body":"when I read your LinkedIn bio,"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2124.29,"endTime":2129.0299999999997,"body":"it says that use linear algebra"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2124.29,"endTime":2129.0299999999997,"body":"mixed integer solvers. May I ask"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2129.06,"endTime":2134.1,"body":"how do you use linear algebra in"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2129.06,"endTime":2134.1,"body":"Carbon to solve problems?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2134.67,"endTime":2136.68,"body":"I mean, I'll"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2134.67,"endTime":2136.68,"body":"give it so many different"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2136.68,"endTime":2140.25,"body":"places. But I'm going to give an"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2136.68,"endTime":2140.25,"body":"example from this week. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2141.09,"endTime":2144.06,"body":"linear algebra is basically a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2141.09,"endTime":2144.06,"body":"big field of study. And again,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2144.36,"endTime":2149.88,"body":"I'm not a by any means the top"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2144.36,"endTime":2149.88,"body":"of the world or even anywhere"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2149.88,"endTime":2152.67,"body":"close to that to comment on it."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2149.88,"endTime":2152.67,"body":"But I'll tell you, within"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2152.67,"endTime":2157.2599999999998,"body":"geometry, a lot of geometry"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2152.67,"endTime":2157.2599999999998,"body":"algorithms turned into a linear"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2157.2599999999998,"endTime":2161.0099999999998,"body":"algebra problem. That basically"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2157.2599999999998,"endTime":2161.0099999999998,"body":"means you will end up solving a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2161.04,"endTime":2164.1,"body":"linear system of equations. So"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2161.04,"endTime":2164.1,"body":"you have a matrix X equal to B"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2164.1,"endTime":2166.86,"body":"that you want to solve. You want"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2164.1,"endTime":2166.86,"body":"to solve that very, very fast."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2167.37,"endTime":2173.64,"body":"Just this week, we do lattice"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2167.37,"endTime":2173.64,"body":"population, that means we have a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2173.64,"endTime":2177.18,"body":"part and we populate with"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2173.64,"endTime":2177.18,"body":"lattice. And within that a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2177.18,"endTime":2182.7599999999998,"body":"problem turned into a eigenvalue"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2177.18,"endTime":2182.7599999999998,"body":"problem. That basically means we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2182.79,"endTime":2186.09,"body":"have a lot of small four by four"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2182.79,"endTime":2186.09,"body":"matrices. Then you want to find"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2186.09,"endTime":2189.24,"body":"the eigenvalues of those. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2186.09,"endTime":2189.24,"body":"those eigenvalues are particular"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2189.24,"endTime":2191.58,"body":"meaning and that helps us"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2189.24,"endTime":2191.58,"body":"produce a very good looking"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2191.58,"endTime":2196.86,"body":"lattice. So yeah, linear algebra"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2191.58,"endTime":2196.86,"body":"for us is sort of a very core"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2196.86,"endTime":2200.31,"body":"bread and butter for the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2196.86,"endTime":2200.31,"body":"geometry related algorithms we"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2200.31,"endTime":2204.63,"body":"design, and I certainly find it"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2200.31,"endTime":2204.63,"body":"a fascinating area. It's very"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2204.63,"endTime":2207.93,"body":"well developed, there are a lot"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2204.63,"endTime":2207.93,"body":"of libraries out there to get"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2207.93,"endTime":2210.7799999999997,"body":"started from. Yeah. 100%."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2211.77,"endTime":2215.13,"body":"Okay. What's"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2211.77,"endTime":2215.13,"body":"something that I haven't asked"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2215.13,"endTime":2216.33,"body":"you that I should have asked"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2215.13,"endTime":2216.33,"body":"you?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2217.56,"endTime":2224.82,"body":"Oh, definitely."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2217.56,"endTime":2224.82,"body":"Not really something that comes"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2224.82,"endTime":2228.93,"body":"to my mind. I'd say, if you're"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2224.82,"endTime":2228.93,"body":"thinking about like, as an"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2228.93,"endTime":2234.5099999999998,"body":"engineer, what, what sort of is"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2228.93,"endTime":2234.5099999999998,"body":"that important to me? Like, what"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2234.5099999999998,"endTime":2237.27,"body":"skills to have? What skills not"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2234.5099999999998,"endTime":2237.27,"body":"to have? I would say, don't"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2237.27,"endTime":2241.59,"body":"worry about that. Find the"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2237.27,"endTime":2241.59,"body":"problems that you like and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2241.59,"endTime":2245.16,"body":"pursue it. I would say that it's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2241.59,"endTime":2245.16,"body":"a case been my journey. I never"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2245.16,"endTime":2248.46,"body":"thought competition or geometry"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2245.16,"endTime":2248.46,"body":"would have a career. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2248.46,"endTime":2254.85,"body":"specifically not in 3D printing."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2248.46,"endTime":2254.85,"body":"But it certainly was. It was a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2254.85,"endTime":2258.27,"body":"good opportunity. And so far, it"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2254.85,"endTime":2258.27,"body":"has been, it seems very"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2258.27,"endTime":2261.84,"body":"rewarding opportunity. And if"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2258.27,"endTime":2261.84,"body":"you are an engineer out there"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2262.11,"endTime":2265.29,"body":"interested in exploring these"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2262.11,"endTime":2265.29,"body":"ideas, then we certainly have a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2265.29,"endTime":2268.44,"body":"growing software team. You"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2265.29,"endTime":2268.44,"body":"should reach out to us."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2269.04,"endTime":2272.16,"body":"Okay, I want to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2269.04,"endTime":2272.16,"body":"dig a little bit deeper on that"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2272.16,"endTime":2275.34,"body":"one. So don't worry about the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2272.16,"endTime":2275.34,"body":"skills, find the problems you"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2275.34,"endTime":2279.21,"body":"want to solve. That's very good"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2275.34,"endTime":2279.21,"body":"advice that I heard before. Very"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2279.21,"endTime":2282.75,"body":"reasonable. But then the follow"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2279.21,"endTime":2282.75,"body":"up is how do you find the"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2282.75,"endTime":2283.83,"body":"problems you want to solve?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2283.83,"endTime":2284.88,"body":"I agree, it's"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2283.83,"endTime":2284.88,"body":"very hard"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2285.06,"endTime":2285.5099999999998,"body":"Right?"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2286.21,"endTime":2290.7999999999997,"body":"It is very hard."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2286.21,"endTime":2290.7999999999997,"body":"It is, yeah, it's very hard. And"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2290.7999999999997,"endTime":2294.52,"body":"I would say the only way it"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2290.7999999999997,"endTime":2294.52,"body":"often happens is through"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2294.52,"endTime":2300.46,"body":"exposure. You talk to people"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2294.52,"endTime":2300.46,"body":"around you look at the problems,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2301.27,"endTime":2304.48,"body":"quite as an engineer quite a bit"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2301.27,"endTime":2304.48,"body":"of us are hammer a nail and"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2304.5099999999998,"endTime":2307.6,"body":"totally I am like that. I had a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2304.5099999999998,"endTime":2307.6,"body":"hammer of genetic tetrahedral"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2307.6,"endTime":2313.21,"body":"mesh. So I went looking around"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2307.6,"endTime":2313.21,"body":"for nail. And turns out 3D"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2313.21,"endTime":2318.04,"body":"printing was one of those nails"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2313.21,"endTime":2318.04,"body":"and decided to apply it. With"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2318.07,"endTime":2321.19,"body":"that also works. But basically,"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2318.07,"endTime":2321.19,"body":"I would say expose yourself to a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2322.06,"endTime":2325.69,"body":"lot of problems, and something"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2322.06,"endTime":2325.69,"body":"probably will appeal to you."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2326.2599999999998,"endTime":2329.23,"body":"Okay, I think"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2326.2599999999998,"endTime":2329.23,"body":"that's a wonderful message for"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2329.23,"endTime":2333.22,"body":"all of our audience, younger and"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2329.23,"endTime":2333.22,"body":"older, it's never too late to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2333.22,"endTime":2336.85,"body":"follow what problem you want to"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2333.22,"endTime":2336.85,"body":"solve. And if they have any last"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2336.85,"endTime":2338.89,"body":"comments for our listeners."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2341.62,"endTime":2344.0499999999997,"body":"No, thanks for"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2341.62,"endTime":2344.0499999999997,"body":"having me and it has been a"},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2344.08,"endTime":2344.98,"body":"great conversation."},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2345.5499999999997,"endTime":2346.99,"body":"Of course. Thanks"},{"speaker":"Rafael Testai","startTime":2345.5499999999997,"endTime":2346.99,"body":"for joining us."},{"speaker":"Hardik Kabaria","startTime":2347.23,"endTime":2347.71,"body":"Thanks."},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2351.49,"endTime":2354.97,"body":"I'm Aaron Moncur,"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2351.49,"endTime":2354.97,"body":"Founder of Pipeline Design \u0026"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2354.97,"endTime":2357.97,"body":"Engineering. If you liked what"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2354.97,"endTime":2357.97,"body":"you heard today, please share"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2357.97,"endTime":2361.5099999999998,"body":"the episode. To learn how your"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2357.97,"endTime":2361.5099999999998,"body":"team can leverage our team's"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2361.54,"endTime":2365.29,"body":"expertise developing turnkey"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2361.54,"endTime":2365.29,"body":"equipment, custom fixtures and"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2365.32,"endTime":2369.31,"body":"automated machines and with"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2365.32,"endTime":2369.31,"body":"product design, visit us at"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2369.34,"endTime":2372.37,"body":"teampipeline.us. Thanks for"},{"speaker":"Aaron Moncur","startTime":2369.34,"endTime":2372.37,"body":"listening."}]}