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The Health Pulse
Episode 106 | Cancer As A Metabolic Disease
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Cancer is usually framed as a story of bad genes and random mutations—but what if the body’s internal metabolic environment plays a much larger role than we’ve been taught? In this episode of The Health Pulse, we explore the emerging view of cancer as a metabolic disease, where insulin signaling, glucose handling, inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction may influence how tumors grow, survive, and evade the immune system.
We break down the Warburg effect in simple terms, explaining why many cancer cells rely heavily on glycolysis and fermentation even in the presence of oxygen, and how this “inefficient” metabolism may actually support rapid tumor growth. We also examine the tumor microenvironment, including how lactate buildup can acidify tissues and potentially suppress immune defenses.
From there, we connect metabolism to growth signaling pathways like PI3K and mTOR, showing how chronically elevated insulin and IGF-1 can keep the body locked in a constant “growth mode.” We also dive into the role of mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and impaired apoptosis in creating conditions that may favor cancer progression.
Most importantly, we ground the science in real-world patterns: obesity, fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes, and hyperinsulinemia are all linked with increased cancer risk. We discuss what’s currently being studied—including ketogenic diets and carbohydrate restriction as supportive metabolic oncology strategies—and why these approaches should never replace conventional therapies like chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, or immunotherapy.
Finally, we highlight practical lab markers that may help map metabolic health and risk, including fasting insulin, triglycerides, ApoB, hs-CRP, and continuous glucose monitoring.
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Quick Welcome And Purpose
NicoletteWelcome to the Health Post, your go-to source for quick, actionable insights on health, wellness, and diagnostics. Whether you're looking to optimize your well-being or stay informed about the latest in-medical testing, we've got you covered. Join us as we break down key health topics in just minutes. Let's dive in.
MarkYou know, if a building suddenly collapses, um, our very first instinct is usually to just blame the blueprint.
RachelOh, absolutely. Yeah, we assume there was some like massive error in the original architectural design. Trevor Burrus, Jr.
MarkRight. Some fundamental flaw that was drawn up before the foundation was even poured. And I mean, for decades, that is basically exactly how we have looked at cancer.
RachelAlmost exclusively as a problem with the blueprint. Trevor Burrus, Jr.
MarkYeah, as this genetic disease driven by, you know, random, unpredictable mutations that just cause a cell to start multiplying out of control. But we're doing a deep dive today into this incredible new article that really challenges that.
RachelYes. It was published on May 15th, 2026 by Quick Lab Mobile, and it asks a really provocative, seemingly simple question: is cancer a metabolic disease?
MarkAaron Powell Which is wild to think about. Like, what if the blueprint was mostly fine, right? But the environment around the building site was just toxic.
RachelRight. The supply chains were chaotic, the contractors were hyped up on a nonstop supply of raw materials.
MarkAaron Powell Exactly, just building haphazard additions without any quality control whatsoever.
RachelAaron Powell And that shifting of the lens from genetics to metabolism, it completely changes the paradigm. We are moving away from just looking for a typo in the DNA code.
MarkAaron Powell Which is what everyone focuses on.
RachelRight. And instead, we're asking how the environment inside your body actually dictates how tumors behave, how they adapt, and ultimately grow.
MarkAaron Powell Because cells don't just exist in a vacuum, right? They're constantly interacting with what's around them.
RachelAaron Powell Exactly. So to figure out how that environment drives cancer, we really have to look at how cells process energy, how they handle glucose, and uh how they manage systemic inflammation.
The Warburg Effect Explained
MarkAaron Powell Okay, let's unpack this because this is where the science gets really wild. To understand the metabolic perspective, we have to start at the foundational level of cellular power.
RachelAaron Powell The engine room, basically.
MarkRight. So in a normal, healthy cell, energy production relies on this thing called mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation.
RachelYes, it's quite a mouthful.
MarkIt really is. But basically, your cells take in oxygen, they process it through the mitochondria, and they pump out a massive amount of ATP, which is cellular energy.
RachelIt's a state-of-the-art, incredibly high-efficiency system.
MarkRight. But and here's the crazy part cancer cells will often just completely ignore that sophisticated system. Even when there is plenty of oxygen available to them, they switch to a process called glycolysis and glucose fermentation.
RachelAnd from a pure energy yield standpoint, that makes almost no sense at all.
MarkWait, why not?
RachelWell, because oxidative phosphorylation gives a healthy cell roughly 36 molecules of ATP for every single molecule of glucose. Fermentation gives it two.
MarkTwo. Wait, so 36 down to two.
RachelYeah, exactly. It is an incredibly inefficient way to generate power.
MarkThat's a massive downgrade.
RachelIt really is. This phenomenon was actually first described by Otto Warburg, so it's known as the Warburg effect. And what's wild is that it's one of the most consistent features observed across many different types of cancers.
MarkThey just actively choose a low-efficiency fuel burning process over a high efficiency one consistently.
RachelSo why would a rapidly growing, incredibly demanding cancer cell choose the worst possible way to generate power? Like it seems like a total paradox. It does seem counterintuitive.
MarkRight. But the Quick Lab Mobile article explains this so brilliantly. It makes me think of um like a frantic construction crew that's been ordered to build a massive housing development as fast as humanly possible.
RachelAaron Powell Okay, I like that analogy.
MarkAaron Powell Yeah, because they don't care about the gas mileage of their trucks, right? Fuel efficiency is totally irrelevant to them. All they actually care about is hoarding the physical bricks, the concrete, the lumber to just build the structures.
RachelAaron Powell That's a really great way to look at it. And the implications of that construction crew analogy go even deeper when you look at the intermediate molecules involved.
MarkOh, really? How so?
RachelWell, like we said, glycolysis doesn't provide a ton of ATP, but it provides the exact cellular building blocks required for replication.
MarkThe lumber.
RachelExactly, the lumber. By ramping up glucose uptake and fermenting it, the cancer cell is actively generating the nucleotides for new DNA, the amino acids for new proteins, and the lipids for new cell membranes. So it is literally sacrificing energy efficiency to hoard the lumber.
MarkThat is fascinating. It fundamentally proves that altered metabolism isn't just some like quirky side effect of having cancer.
Lactate And The Acidic Immune Shield
RachelNo, not at all. It is the core engine of the survival and growth process.
MarkRight. And this shift actively changes the microenvironment around the tumor, too, because fermenting all that glucose produces a massive amount of lactate.
RachelYes. And lactic acid is not just a passive waste product here.
MarkWhich is what you'd normally think, right? Just cellular exhaust.
RachelRight. But it's not. The tumor pumps out massive amounts of this lactate, which dramatically drops the pH of the local tissue.
MarkMeaning it becomes super acidic.
RachelExactly. It creates a highly acidic microenvironment. And honestly, this is a masterclass in tumor survival.
MarkWhy is that?
RachelBecause that acidity directly paralyzes the immune system. Yeah. When your T cells and macrophages, you know, the very cells that are designed to hunt down and destroy abnormal tissue when they enter that acidic mode around the tumor, their internal machinery just stalls. Oh wow. The acid gradient basically prevents the immune cells from exporting their own metabolic waste, which effectively shuts them down.
MarkSo the tumor is basically using its own metabolic exhaust as a cloaking device. Trevor Burrus, Jr.
RachelExactly. A highly effective cloaking device.
MarkAaron Powell That acidic moat concept is amazing, but I mean it must take an astronomical amount of glucose to build it and maintain that frantic construction site.
RachelOh, absolutely. Huge amounts.
MarkAnd a cell can't just hoard glucose entirely on its own, right? It needs the body to unlock the door and actually deliver it.
Insulin And IGF-1 As Growth Signals
RachelIt needs a delivery system.
MarkAaron Powell, which means we really have to look at the master hormone running that delivery system, which is insulin.
RachelRight. And we actually know just how much cancer relies on that glucose delivery because of how modern medicine detects it in the first place.
MarkOh, you mean like with imaging?
RachelYeah. Specifically a PT stand. It literally relies on injecting a patient with a radioactive isotope of glucose.
MarkRight. I've heard of that.
RachelAnd the metabolically active tumors are so insanely hungry for sugar that they pull it in at a rate far higher than the surrounding healthy tissue and they just light up on the scan.
MarkBecause they're hoarding it.
RachelExactly. But um the glucose is really only the fuel. The hormonal signals telling the cell what to do with that fuel are equally critical.
MarkLike insulin?
RachelYes. Specifically insulin and IgF-1, which is insulin-like growth factor one.
MarkNow most people hear insulin and they immediately think of it as just this passive blood sugar regulator.
RachelYeah, that's the common perception.
MarkYou know you eat a bagel, blood sugar goes up, insulin shuttles that sugar out of the blood so you don't get sick. But it's actually a powerful anabolic signal.
RachelVery powerful.
MarkWhen insulin is present, it binds to cellular receptors and activates these specific signaling pathways, uh, like PI3K and MTOR. Basically, it fluffs genetic switches that tell the cell, take in nutrients, synthesize proteins, stop breaking down stored energy, and grow.
RachelYeah, it's the foreman on that construction site shouting at everyone to build faster. And IgF-1 acts through very similar pathways, entirely focused on cell survival and replication.
MarkAaron Powell So it's another formin shouting.
RachelEssentially, yeah. When a person has chronically elevated insulin, what we call hyperinsulinemia, they are constantly bathing their cells in an anabolic environment that is highly favorable for cellular proliferation.
MarkJust constant signals to grow.
RachelRight. And many cancer cells actually upregulate their insulin receptors to take maximum advantage of this environment. They build more doors to let the foreman in, basically.
MarkOkay, let me stop you there and push back a little because I know what you, the listener, might be thinking right now. Does eating a piece of cake or like having a spike in blood sugar directly cause cancer?
RachelYeah, that's the big question.
MarkBecause accept like a massive, terrifying leap.
RachelIt does. But what's fascinating here is how the source material navigates the nuance of that exact fear. Right. The answer is no. Insulin and sugar do not directly cause cancer in a simple one-to-one mechanistic way. You don't just eat a candy bar and instantly trigger a malignant mutation.
MarkIt's not a light switch.
RachelExactly. Cancer remains an incredibly complex multifactorial disease. Think about it as the difference between a seed and the soil.
MarkOkay, I like that.
RachelA metabolic environment characterized by chronically high insulin, high glucose availability, and systemic inflammation that gives susceptible tissues, meaning cells that might already have some abnormal genetic behavior, the exact fuel and the exact growth signals they need to rapidly progress.
MarkAh, so you're fertilizing the weeds.
RachelExactly. You are creating an environment where the weeds have a distinct survival advantage over the healthy grass.
MarkHere's where it gets really interesting, though. We have the fuel, which is the glucose. We have the foreman shouting to build the insulin. But the body has natural cellular brakes, right?
RachelRight, built-in defense systems.
MarkWe have quality control mechanisms specifically designed to find abnormal rogue cells and trigger their destruction before they become tumors. So if this metabolic environment is fertilizing the weeds, why is the gardener failing to pull them?
Mitochondria Failures And Runaway Survival
RachelThat is the million-dollar question. And to find the broken brakes, we have to look back at the mitochondria.
MarkThe engine room again.
RachelYeah. We noted earlier that cancer cells bypass the mitochondria to use fermentation, but mitochondria are far more than just powerhouses generating ATP. They are actually the ultimate quality control inspectors.
MarkOh, really? How do they inspect things?
RachelThey regulate apoptosis, which is programmed cell death. In a normal, healthy cell, if DNA gets scrambled or some structural damage occurs, the mitochondria sense that stress and initiate a self-destruct sequence to eliminate the threat for the good of the organism.
MarkAaron Powell But if the cancer cell has shifted away from mitochondrial respiration like, if those mitochondria are functionally bypassed or physically damaged, the inspector is asleep at the desk.
RachelExactly.
MarkThe self-destruct sequence just never gets triggered. So these damaged, highly abnormal cells are allowed to just keep surviving and multiplying.
RachelAnd the consequences of that mitochondrial dysfunction create a cascading biological mess.
MarkIt just spirals.
RachelYeah. When mitochondria are damaged, their electron transport chains become leaky. They start throwing off massive amounts of reactive oxygen species or ROS.
MarkLike sparks flying off a broken engine.
RachelYes, that's exactly it.
MarkAnd those sparks hit the surrounding cellular machinery and the DNA itself, causing physical damage, which means the metabolic dysfunction is actually driving the genetic mutations we used to think were the root cause.
RachelIt's a vicious self-sustaining loop. Wow. And that sustained oxidative stress activates inflammatory pathways, leading to chronic inflammation. It's like a slow burning fire in the tissue that continually degrades cellular structures.
MarkThat sounds awful.
RachelIt is. Now, the Quick Lab mobile text adds a vital point of nuance right here, which is important. Cancer isn't a monolith.
MarkRight. There's a lot of variety.
RachelExactly. Not every single cancer relies entirely on glucose fermentation. Some tumors do retain some mitochondrial activity or develop metabolic flexibility of their own, utilizing other fuels like the amino acid glutamine.
MarkSo they're adaptable.
RachelHighly adaptable. But the overarching takeaway remains that cancer is fundamentally a disease of disrupted cellular metabolism. The normal rules of energy handling and cellular life and death have just been broken.
MarkAaron Powell So what does this all mean? Like why do you need to care about the intricacies of cellular apoptosis and leaky electron transport chains?
RachelAaron Powell It feels very microscopic, right?
Obesity Diabetes And Cancer Risk Links
MarkYeah, exactly. But we actually see the devastating consequences of these microscopic failures when we zoom out and look at macroscopic population data.
RachelMm-hmm. If we connect this to the bigger picture, the epidemiological evidence is just staggering.
MarkIt really is.
RachelWe see a deeply consistent link between systemic metabolic dysfunction and cancer risk. Conditions that affect millions of people. Things like obesity, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and chronic hyperinsulinemia, they are strongly associated with much higher risks for colorectal, breast, pancreatic, and liver cancers.
MarkAaron Powell Fatty liver disease is like the ultimate example of this perfect storm in action.
RachelIt really is. When visceral fat accumulates in the liver, it doesn't just sit there inertly.
MarkIt's not just extra weight.
RachelNo, visceral fat acts like a toxic endocrine organ. It pumps out adipokines and inflammatory cytokines.
MarkJust constant inflammation.
RachelYeah. As the liver becomes metabolically dysfunctional, systemic inflammation spikes, oxidative stress rises, and normal cellular regulation is completely impaired. It is a textbook example of creating a toxic systemic microenvironment.
MarkWhich directly explains the biological mechanism behind why individuals with fatty liver disease have a significantly increased risk of developing liver cancer.
RachelExactly. The environment is driving the risk.
MarkIt just proves that a tumor doesn't develop in isolation. It's not just a random lightning strike of bad genetic luck. The metabolic state of your entire body dictates whether a slightly abnormal cell is kept in check by your immune system or whether it's handed a VIP pass and an all-you-can-eat buffet of glucose and insulin to support its progression.
RachelWell said. The environment acts as the ultimate selector.
Keto Research And Big Safety Warnings
MarkSo if the metabolic environment is the soil in which the cancer seed grows, the obvious next question is can we change the soil to fight the disease?
RachelAnd this is currently an area of intense clinical research.
MarkI bet.
RachelYeah, if many tumors rely heavily on glucose uptake and the growth-promoting pathways linked to insulin, the theory is that aggressively improving a patient's metabolic health might actually alter that favorable environment.
MarkChange the soil, starve the weed.
RachelEssentially, yes. Researchers are looking closely at specific nutritional interventions, namely carbohydrate restriction and ketogenic diets, designed to deliberately lower glucose availability and bring down those systemic insulin levels.
MarkThe biological mechanism here relies on this concept called metabolic flexibility. Healthy normal cells are remarkably adaptable. Like if you restrict carbohydrates, your glucose availability drops, obviously. Right. But a healthy cell simply pivots. It transitions to burning fatty acids and ketones for energy.
RachelRight.
MarkBut a cancer cell, hindered by dysfunctional mitochondria and rigidly locked into the Warburg fermentation process we talked about, often lacks that flexibility.
RachelIt's stuck.
MarkExactly. It cannot easily make the transition to burning ketones.
RachelSo you are attempting to nourish the healthy cells while metabolically stressing the cancer cells. Furthermore, the ketones themselves play a fascinating role in all this.
MarkWell they do.
RachelYeah. A primary ketone body called beta-hydroxybutyrate, or BHB, isn't just an alternative fuel source, it actually acts as a signaling molecule.
MarkWait, like a hormone.
RachelSort of. BHB is an HDAC inhibitor, meaning it interacts with enzymes that control how DNA is expressed. By inhibiting HDACs, BHB can literally turn on protective genes that lower systemic inflammation and influence the very pathways regulating cell growth.
MarkOh, okay. I have to jump in here with a pointed question. Because when people hear phrases like starve the cancer or turn on protective genes with a diet, they understandably get very, very excited.
RachelOh, for sure. It's very compelling.
MarkSo could someone just adopt a strict keto diet instead of doing chemotherapy?
RachelCategorically, absolutely not.
MarkGood to clarify.
RachelYes. The Quick Lab Mobile article is incredibly firm on this, as are the leading metabolic oncology researchers. These metabolic and nutritional strategies are being studied strictly as supportive approaches.
MarkKeyword. Supportive.
RachelExactly. They are meant to be utilized alongside evidence-based conventional treatments like surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy. Never ever as a replacement.
MarkBecause, as we just established, cancer tumors are highly complex. Right. And they can adapt to use glutamine or fatty acids. If you try to treat a highly aggressive, adaptable tumor with just a diet, you are playing a very dangerous game.
RachelYou really are. And there is also the severe risk of malnutrition. Cancer patients, particularly those undergoing aggressive conventional therapies, are uniquely vulnerable to cachexia, which is severe muscle and weight loss.
MarkOh, that's a huge issue in oncology.
Lab Markers To Map Metabolism
RachelIt is. Placing a vulnerable patient on an extreme restrictive diet without professional medical supervision could accelerate that muscle wasting and weaken their immune system even further. The goal of metabolic therapy is to build resilience, not to weaken the host.
MarkWhich is why testing and understanding your unique metabolic baseline long before a crisis occurs is so critical. Quick Lab Mobile emphasizes looking at the overall metabolic environment through specific, highly targeted lab testing.
RachelYes, very proactive.
MarkYou aren't testing to diagnose cancer, you are testing to map out exactly what kind of soil you're working with.
RachelExactly. And the specific markers they focus on reveal the underlying mechanics of your health. Fasting insulin is a perfect example of this.
MarkBecause usually standard medicine often just looks at fasting glucose. Right.
RachelBut your beta cells will pump out massive amounts of insulin to keep that glucose normal for years before the system finally breaks down. Measuring your fasting insulin reveals if your body is struggling with hyperinsulinemia and growth signaling long before a diabetic diagnosis ever happens.
MarkThey also advocate for continuous glucose monitors or CGMs, because a single fasting blood sugar test in the morning just gives you a frozen snapshot, and it might look totally normal.
RachelYeah, it doesn't tell the whole story.
MarkA CGM reveals the area under the curve. It shows the massive chaotic spikes in glucose and subsequent insulin surges that are occurring after meals throughout the whole day.
RachelRight. Then you have to look at lipid markers, and I mean well beyond standard cholesterol.
MarkBecause total cholesterol doesn't really give you the metabolic picture.
RachelIt doesn't tell you much about metabolic stress at all. You need to look at triglycerides and more importantly, APOB.
MarkAPOB, right.
RachelMeasuring APOB tells you exactly how many atherogenic particles are floating around in the bloodstream. Because these particles are easily oxidized, a high APOB number gives you a direct window into systemic metabolic stress and fatty liver involvement. And you combine that with a test for HSCRP, highly sensitive C reactive protein.
MarkThat's the marker for systemic inflammatory stress, right? Yes. The slow burning fire we talked about earlier.
RachelExactly. When you compile all these markers, the hidden insulin burden, the dynamic glucose spikes, the atherogenic lipid particles, and the systemic inflammation, you get a comprehensive functional map of your metabolic environment.
MarkYou get the whole picture.
RachelYou do. You can identify exactly which modifiable factors are fertilizing the wrong cellular pathways, and then make informed decisions with your doctor to alter them.
MarkLet's bring this all together. We started this deep dive looking at a blueprint, the long-held idea that cancer is solely a genetic disease of random mutations. But by unpacking the science from Quick Lab Mobile, we've shifted to looking at the soil.
RachelWe really have.
MarkWe explore the paradox of the Warburg effect, where cancer cells actively choose inefficient fermentation to hoard building materials and pump out lactate, creating an acidic moat that paralyzes the immune system.
RachelAnd we examine the powerful anabolic role of insulin and IgF-1 acting as relentless growth signals, and how the loss of mitochondrial function basically removes the cellular breaks. Mm-hmm. Without those mitochondria triggering apoptosis, abnormal cells thrive, driving a viscous cycle of reactive oxygen species, DNA damage, and chronic inflammation.
MarkAnd we saw how systemic issues like obesity, diabetes, and fatty liver disease aren't just separate conditions, right? They directly correlate with increased cancer risks because they create that exact toxic microenvironment.
RachelThe ultimate takeaway here really is about empowerment. Understanding that cancer has a profound metabolic component means that managing your insulin, controlling your glucose spikes, and reducing systemic inflammation isn't just about, you know, fitting into an old pair of genes or managing your afternoon energy level.
MarkIt's so much bigger than that.
RachelIt is about actively building metabolic resilience. You're consciously creating an internal cellular environment where healthy, metabolically flexible cells thrive and rigid, abnormal cells struggle to survive.
MarkIt fundamentally changes how you look at the choices you make every single day. Which leaves me with one final provocative thought for you to mull over. We talk extensively about how healthy cells possess incredible metabolic flexibility, while cancer cells are often rigidly locked into very specific fuel sources due to their damaged mitochondria.
RachelRight, they get stuck. And this raises an important question about the future of targeted therapies.
MarkExactly. I mean, imagine where this could go in 10 or 20 years. Could the future of oncology involve highly individualized metabolic profiles?
RachelOh, that would be amazing.
MarkImagine a world where before you even begin treatment, doctors map your specific tumor's exact metabolic inflexibility. They figure out exactly what it can and cannot metabolize. And then they prescribe a precision, temporary diet designed to stall that tumor's unique engine, weakening it on a cellular level, right as conventional therapies come in to do the heavy lift.
RachelThat is a fascinating frontier. It really merges our understanding of genetics and metabolism.
MarkIt's not just trying to fix the blueprint anymore, it's cutting off the bro contractor supply lines before they can even pour the concrete.
RachelI love that.
MarkTruly. Well, thank you for joining us on this deep dive. Keep asking questions, keep looking at the underlying mechanisms, and we will see you next time.
NicoletteThanks for tuning into the health post. If you found this episode helpful, don't forget to subscribe and share it with someone who might benefit. For more health insights and diagnostics, visit us online at www.quicklabmobile.com. Stay informed, stay healthy, and we'll catch you in the next episode.
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